Tungsten alloy wire containing rare earth elements as well as preparation method and application of tungsten alloy wire

Abstract

The invention discloses a tungsten alloy wire containing rare earth elements and a preparation method and application of the tungsten alloy wire. The tungsten alloy wire containing the rare earth elements comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 0-5% of Y, 0-5% of Ce and the balance of W (including inevitable impurities). The preparation method of the tungsten alloy wire containing the rare earth elements comprises the following steps: S1, weighing raw materials according to a formula, and performing pre-alloying pulverization or mechanical mixing pulverization to obtain the raw materials; s2, the raw materials are subjected to additive manufacturing; and S3, multi-pass rotary swaging is conducted on the tungsten alloy blank obtained through additive manufacturing, and then the tungsten alloy wire containing the rare earth elements is obtained through drawing. The tungsten alloy wire containing the rare earth elements has the advantages of being good in organization structure uniformity, high in strength, good in high-temperature machining performance and the like. In addition, the preparation method is simple in process, controllable, suitable for industrial production and capable of being widely applied to solar silicon wafer cutting and the like.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention belongs to the field of new materials and advanced manufacturing technology, and specifically relates to a tungsten alloy wire containing rare earth elements and a preparation method and application thereof. Background Art

[0002] Tungsten alloy is mainly based on tungsten, the metallic element with the highest melting point. It has excellent properties such as high melting point and high strength. Tungsten alloy wire has good flexibility at a diameter of less than 1mm. Therefore, tungsten alloy wire can be used for cutting solar monocrystalline silicon and polycrystalline silicon. However, existing tungsten alloy filaments still have some shortcomings. The main one is that the high hardness of existing tungsten alloy filaments makes the processing process complicated and extremely difficult, making it difficult to achieve leapfrog mass production. In addition, the tensile strength of conventional tungsten wire is difficult to exceed 4000MPa, which does not form a significant advantage compared to the currently widely used high-carbon steel wire, resulting in a significant increase in costs during use.

[0003] Existing tungsten alloy filaments are relatively brittle and easily broken by external forces. During the cutting process of solar silicon wafers, if they are improperly handled or subjected to external impact, they may cause the tungsten alloy filaments to break, seriously affecting the improvement of product yield. In addition, the additive manufacturing process can evenly add rare earth elements to the alloy without obvious stratification. Therefore, there is an urgent need to provide a tungsten alloy filament containing rare earth elements and a preparation method thereof. Through high preheat additive manufacturing, rare earth elements can be effectively and evenly added and the alloy grain size can be reduced, thereby solving the problems of low strength and poor ductility of existing tungsten alloy filaments and meeting the needs of a large number of applications in solar silicon wafer cutting. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a tungsten alloy wire containing rare earth elements and its preparation method and application to solve the problems raised in the background technology.

[0005] In order to achieve the above object, the present invention adopts the following technical solutions:

[0006] A first aspect of the present invention provides a tungsten alloy wire containing a rare earth element, wherein the tungsten alloy wire comprises the following elemental composition by mass fraction: 0-5wt% yttrium (Y), 0-5wt% cerium (Ce), and the remainder, wherein the remainder is tungsten (W) and unavoidable impurities; the diameter of the tungsten alloy wire is 25-100 μm.

[0007] Preferably, the following element components are included, by mass percentage: 4 wt% of yttrium (Y), 1 wt% of cerium (Ce), and the balance, which is tungsten (W) and inevitable impurities.

[0008] Preferably, the following element components are included, by mass percentage: 3 wt% of yttrium (Y), 2 wt% of cerium (Ce), and the balance, which is tungsten (W) and inevitable impurities.

[0009] Preferably, the following element components are included, by mass percentage: 2.5 wt% of yttrium (Y), 2.5 wt% of cerium (Ce), and the balance, which is tungsten (W) and inevitable impurities.

[0010] Preferably, the following element components are included, by mass percentage: 4.5 wt% of yttrium (Y), 0.5 wt% of cerium (Ce), and the balance, which is tungsten (W) and inevitable impurities.

[0011] A second object of the present invention is to provide a method for preparing the above-mentioned tungsten alloy wire, comprising the following steps:

[0012] S1. Weigh the raw materials according to the formula, and pre-alloy or mechanically mix and pulverize to obtain the raw materials;

[0013] S2. Additive manufacturing the obtained mixed raw materials to obtain a tungsten alloy blank;

[0014] S3. Perform multiple rotary forging and drawing processes on the prepared tungsten alloy blank to obtain tungsten alloy wire.

[0015] Preferably, the raw material in S1 is pre-alloyed or pure metal powder with an average particle size in the range of 5 to 300 μm.

[0016] Preferably, the additive manufacturing described in S2 is a high preheat additive manufacturing process based on a powder bed and synchronous powder feeding, specifically selected from a selective laser melting process, a direct energy deposition process or an electron beam selective melting process, and the substrate is preheated to a temperature of above 1200°C and kept warm for 5 to 15 minutes.

[0017] Preferably, the swaging treatment in S3 is performed at 1000-1600° C., and each swaging treatment is followed by treatment under liquid nitrogen.

[0018] A third object of the present invention is to provide application of the above-mentioned tungsten alloy wire in cutting engineering.

[0019] The present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0020] In the present invention, the high preheating additive manufacturing process is utilized to have good formability for high-melting-point refractory elements, so the composition of tungsten alloy can be controlled with high precision, the quality of tungsten alloy can be greatly improved, and thus the wire production efficiency and product quality can be improved.

[0021] The greatest advantage of the method for preparing tungsten alloy wire containing rare earth elements proposed in the present invention is that it reduces the extremely high requirements of traditional powder metallurgy processes on the purity and particle size of raw materials. At the same time, by uniformly adding rare earth elements to refine the grains, the performance of the tungsten alloy wire is significantly improved. The tungsten alloy wire containing rare earth elements prepared by the method proposed in the present invention has higher strength and toughness.

[0022] The preparation method proposed in the present invention has simple process and low preparation cost, is suitable for industrial production, and is expected to further reduce the price of high-performance tungsten alloy wire, and thus can be widely used in the field of solar silicon wafer cutting. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0023] To more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, a brief introduction to the drawings involved in the embodiments is now provided. It is obvious that the drawings described below are only schematic illustrations of some embodiments of the present invention. Those skilled in the art can construct other forms of drawings based on these drawings without inventive effort.

[0024] Figure 1 This is a scanning electron microscope image of the tungsten alloy rod containing rare earth elements prepared in Example 1 of the present invention;

[0025] Figure 2 This is a scanning electron microscope image of the tungsten alloy rod containing rare earth elements prepared in Example 2 of the present invention;

[0026] Figure 3 This is a scanning electron microscope image of the tungsten alloy rod containing rare earth elements prepared in Example 3 of the present invention;

[0027] Figure 4 This is a scanning electron microscope image of the tungsten alloy rod containing rare earth elements prepared in Example 4 of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0028] In the following description, specific details such as specific system structures and technologies are provided for the purpose of illustration rather than limitation to facilitate a thorough understanding of the embodiments of the present invention. However, it should be clear to those skilled in the art that the present invention may also be implemented in other embodiments without these specific details.

[0029] Example 1:

[0030] A tungsten alloy wire containing rare earth elements comprises the following elemental composition by weight: 4 wt% Y, 1 wt% Ce, and the balance W (including unavoidable impurities). The preparation method of the tungsten alloy wire comprises the following steps:

[0031] S1. First, Y (irregular particles) and Ce (irregular particles) are arc-melted and purified, and the surface oxide scale is removed for standby use. Then, Y, Ce, and W (irregular blocks) are weighed according to the above-mentioned component ratio and melted to obtain a pre-alloy. The pre-alloy is then powdered to obtain a raw material with an average particle size of 10 μm.

[0032] S2. Tungsten alloy was prepared by selective laser melting process. The substrate was preheated to 1200°C and kept at this temperature for 15 minutes before laser printing. Tungsten alloy blocks were obtained by wire cutting.

[0033] S3. The tungsten alloy block (ingot) is rotary forged from 1600°C to 1300°C to obtain a tungsten alloy rod. After water cooling, it is placed in liquid nitrogen for 30 minutes, and then annealed at 600°C for 30 minutes and water-cooled to room temperature. The annealed tungsten alloy rod is drawn to obtain a tungsten alloy wire containing rare earth elements.

[0034] The tungsten alloy rod containing rare earth elements obtained in Example 1 was subjected to wire cutting sampling, coarse grinding, fine grinding, polishing, ultrasonic cleaning with deionized water and drying treatment, and the microstructure was scanned using a scanning electron microscope. The results are shown in FIG. Figure 1 The tensile properties of the tungsten alloy wire containing rare earth elements obtained in Example 1 were tested using a universal testing machine. The results are shown in Table 1.

[0035] Depend on Figure 1 The results show that there is a very small amount of rare earth oxides in the tungsten alloy containing rare earth elements obtained in Example 1.

[0036] Example 2:

[0037] A tungsten alloy wire containing rare earth elements comprises the following elemental composition by weight: 3 wt% Y, 2 wt% Ce, and the balance W (including unavoidable impurities). The preparation method of the tungsten alloy wire comprises the following steps:

[0038] S1. First, Y (irregular particles) and Ce (irregular particles) are arc-melted and purified, and the surface oxide scale is removed for standby use. Then, Y, Ce, and W (irregular blocks) are weighed according to the above-mentioned component ratio and melted to obtain a pre-alloy. The pre-alloy is then powdered to obtain a raw material with an average particle size of 55 μm.

[0039] S2. Tungsten alloy was prepared by direct energy deposition process. The substrate was preheated to 1200℃ and kept at this temperature for 15 minutes before laser printing. Tungsten alloy blocks were obtained by wire cutting.

[0040] S3. The tungsten alloy block (ingot) is forged from 1500°C to 1100°C to obtain a tungsten alloy rod. After water cooling, it is placed in liquid nitrogen for 30 minutes, and then annealed at 650°C for 30 minutes and water-cooled to room temperature. The annealed tungsten alloy rod is drawn to obtain a tungsten alloy wire containing rare earth elements.

[0041] The tungsten alloy rod containing rare earth elements obtained in Example 2 was subjected to wire cutting sampling, rough grinding, fine grinding, polishing, ultrasonic cleaning with deionized water and drying treatment, and the microstructure was scanned using a scanning electron microscope. The results are shown in FIG. Figure 2 The tensile properties of the tungsten alloy wire containing rare earth elements obtained in Example 2 were tested using a universal testing machine. The results are shown in Table 1.

[0042] Depend on Figure 2 The results show that there is a small amount of rare earth oxide in the tungsten alloy containing rare earth elements obtained in Example 2.

[0043] Example 3:

[0044] A tungsten alloy wire containing rare earth elements comprises the following elements by weight: 2.5 wt% Y, 2.5 wt% Ce, and the balance W (including unavoidable impurities). The preparation method of the tungsten alloy wire comprises the following steps:

[0045] S1. Weigh Y (270 mesh), Ce powder (270 mesh) and W powder (270 mesh) according to the above-mentioned component ratio, and mix the powders in a ball mill to obtain a mixed powder;

[0046] S2. Prepare tungsten alloy using electron beam forming process. Preheat the substrate to 1300℃ and keep it warm for 5 minutes before laser printing. Then obtain tungsten alloy block by wire cutting.

[0047] S3. The tungsten alloy block (ingot) is rotary forged from 1550°C to 1000°C to obtain a tungsten alloy rod. After water cooling, it is placed in liquid nitrogen for 30 minutes, and then annealed at 700°C for 30 minutes and water-cooled to room temperature. The annealed tungsten alloy rod is drawn to obtain a tungsten alloy wire containing rare earth elements.

[0048] The tungsten alloy rod containing rare earth elements obtained in Example 3 was subjected to wire cutting sampling, rough grinding, fine grinding, polishing, ultrasonic cleaning with deionized water and drying treatment, and the microstructure was scanned using a scanning electron microscope. The results are shown in FIG. Figure 3 The tensile properties of the tungsten alloy wire containing rare earth elements obtained in Example 3 were tested using a universal testing machine. The results are shown in Table 1.

[0049] Depend on Figure 3 The results show that there is a small amount of rare earth oxide in the tungsten alloy containing rare earth elements obtained in Example 3.

[0050] Example 4:

[0051] A tungsten alloy wire containing rare earth elements comprises the following elements by weight: 4.5 wt% Y, 0.5 wt% Ce, and the balance W (including unavoidable impurities). The preparation method of the tungsten alloy wire comprises the following steps:

[0052] S1. Weigh Y (3000 mesh), Ce powder (3000 mesh) and W powder (48 mesh) according to the above-mentioned component ratio, and mix the powders in a ball mill to obtain a mixed powder;

[0053] S2. Prepare tungsten alloy using electron beam forming process. Preheat the substrate to 1250℃ and keep it warm for 10 minutes before laser printing. Then obtain tungsten alloy block by wire cutting.

[0054] S3. The tungsten alloy block (ingot) is forged from 1500°C to 1200°C to obtain a tungsten alloy rod. After water cooling, it is placed in liquid nitrogen for 30 minutes, and then annealed at 650°C for 30 minutes and water-cooled to room temperature. The annealed tungsten alloy rod is drawn to obtain a tungsten alloy wire containing rare earth elements.

[0055] The tungsten alloy rod containing rare earth elements obtained in Example 4 was subjected to wire cutting sampling, rough grinding, fine grinding, polishing, ultrasonic cleaning with deionized water and drying treatment, and the microstructure was scanned using a scanning electron microscope. The results are shown in FIG. Figure 4 The tensile properties of the tungsten alloy wire containing rare earth elements obtained in Example 4 were tested using a universal testing machine. The results are shown in Table 1.

[0056] Depend on Figure 4 The results show that there are some rare earth oxides in the tungsten alloy containing rare earth elements obtained in Example 4.

[0057] Table 1 Tensile performance test results of tungsten alloy wire containing rare earth elements in Examples 1 to 4

[0058] Example Wire diameter / μm Tensile strength / MPa Wire diameter / μm Tensile strength / MPa Example 1 40 5400±200 60 4800±200 Example 2 40 5200±250 60 4650±150 Example 3 40 5250±250 60 4650±250 Example 4 40 5200±300 60 4400±200

[0059] The tungsten alloy wires prepared in Examples 1 to 4 of the present invention have high tensile strength and have very broad application prospects in superhard material cutting engineering as high-performance wires.

[0060] The above embodiments are preferred implementation modes of the present invention, but the implementation modes of the present invention are not limited to the above embodiments. Any other changes, modifications, substitutions, combinations, and simplifications that do not deviate from the spirit and principles of the present invention should be considered as equivalent replacement methods and are included in the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A tungsten alloy wire containing rare earth elements, characterized in that: The tungsten alloy wire comprises the following elemental composition by mass fraction: 0-5wt% yttrium, 0-5wt% cerium, and the balance, wherein the balance is tungsten and unavoidable impurities; the diameter of the tungsten alloy wire is 25-100 μm.

2. The tungsten alloy wire containing rare earth elements according to claim 1, characterized in that: The present invention comprises the following elemental composition by mass fraction: 4 wt% of yttrium, 1 wt% of cerium, and the balance consisting of tungsten and unavoidable impurities.

3. The tungsten alloy wire containing rare earth elements according to claim 1, characterized in that: The present invention comprises the following elemental composition by mass fraction: 3 wt% of yttrium, 2 wt% of cerium, and the balance consisting of tungsten and unavoidable impurities.

4. The tungsten alloy wire containing rare earth elements according to claim 1, characterized in that: The present invention comprises the following elemental composition by mass: 2.5 wt% of yttrium, 2.5 wt% of cerium, and the balance consisting of tungsten and unavoidable impurities.

5. The tungsten alloy wire containing rare earth elements according to claim 1, characterized in that: The present invention comprises the following elemental composition by mass: 4.5 wt% of yttrium, 0.5 wt% of cerium, and the balance consisting of tungsten and unavoidable impurities.

6. A method for preparing a tungsten alloy wire containing rare earth elements according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: S1. Weigh the raw materials according to the formula, and pre-alloy or mechanically mix and pulverize to obtain the raw materials; S2. Additive manufacturing the obtained raw materials to obtain tungsten alloy blanks; S3. Perform multiple rotary forging and drawing processes on the prepared tungsten alloy blank to obtain tungsten alloy wire.

7. The method for preparing a tungsten alloy wire containing rare earth elements according to claim 6, wherein: The raw material in S1 is pre-alloyed or pure metal powder with an average particle size in the range of 5 to 300 μm, which is then mixed by ball milling to form alloy powder.

8. The method for preparing a tungsten alloy wire containing rare earth elements according to claim 6, wherein: The additive manufacturing described in S2 specifically includes the following: A high preheat additive manufacturing process based on a powder bed and synchronous powder feeding is specifically selected from a selective laser melting process, a direct energy deposition process or an electron beam selective melting process, and the substrate is preheated to a temperature of above 1200°C for 5 to 15 minutes.

9. The method for preparing a tungsten alloy wire containing rare earth elements according to claim 6, wherein: The swaging treatment in S3 is performed at 1000-1600° C., and each swaging treatment is followed by treatment under liquid nitrogen.

10. Use of the tungsten alloy wire containing rare earth elements according to any one of claims 1 to 5 in cutting solar silicon wafers.

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