A real-time monitoring device for cavity deformation and failure in shaking table tests.

Abstract

This invention provides a real-time monitoring device for the deformation and damage of a cavern during a shaking table test, relating to the field of deformation and damage monitoring of physical models in shaking table tests. The device includes a sleeve, a telescopic rod, a positioning mechanism, and an image acquisition mechanism. The telescopic rod is slidably mounted at the end of the sleeve. A displacement sensor is fixed to the end of the telescopic rod away from the sleeve, and the displacement sensor is used to measure the deformation of the cavern. The positioning mechanism is used to position the telescopic rod. The image acquisition mechanism is used to acquire data on the deformation process of the cavern. This invention uses a combination of displacement sensors and image acquisition mechanisms to monitor the convergence deformation and damage within the cavern, achieving synchronous acquisition and recording of cavern surrounding rock convergence deformation data and surrounding rock damage data, providing important information for cavern construction and protection.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of deformation and damage monitoring of physical models in shaking table tests, and particularly to a real-time monitoring device for the deformation and damage of a cavity in shaking table tests. Background Technology

[0002] For deep underground engineering projects under construction or planned in high-intensity seismic zones in western my country, the risks of high-sidewall failure and large deformation of large underground caverns under complex geological environments are prominent, and the deformation and failure behavior of the surrounding rock is complex. Historical cases of underground cavern failure in past earthquake events highlight the importance of conducting seismic resistance research on underground caverns and provide basic data and key breakthrough directions for such research. In the analysis of the deformation and failure process of surrounding rock in underground caverns in high-seismic-intensity areas, due to the lack of actual observation data, experimental simulation and numerical analysis methods are frequently used in research. Model tests, compared to numerical simulations, are more vivid and intuitive, directly reflecting the engineering geological characteristics of the surrounding rock in true three-dimensional underground caverns. These characteristics make model tests an indispensable and crucial element in research.

[0003] Currently, most existing shaking table model tests use the method of attaching strain gauges to obtain convergent deformation data of underground caverns. However, when the surrounding rock of the cavern undergoes overall deformation, strain gauges struggle to capture this convergent deformation data. Furthermore, regarding the failure of the surrounding rock in model tests, the current method often uses an endoscope for observation. However, this method is difficult to synchronize with the deformation data of the surrounding rock during the test and cannot provide timely recording and analysis of changes in stress and strain in the surrounding rock.

[0004] Therefore, it is essential to design a real-time monitoring device for shaking table tests that can simultaneously monitor the convergence deformation and failure of caverns and record and analyze changes in the surrounding rock in a timely manner. This is crucial for studying the convergence deformation and failure characteristics of caverns in high seismic intensity areas through shaking table tests. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The purpose of this invention is to provide a real-time monitoring device for cavern deformation and damage during shaking table tests, in order to solve the problems existing in the prior art. It realizes the synchronous acquisition and recording of cavern surrounding rock convergence deformation data and surrounding rock damage, providing an important basis for cavern construction and protection.

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following solution:

[0007] A real-time monitoring device for the deformation and damage of a cavity during a shaking table test includes a sleeve, a telescopic rod, a positioning mechanism, and an image acquisition mechanism. The telescopic rod is slidably mounted at the end of the sleeve. A displacement sensor is fixed to the end of the telescopic rod away from the sleeve, and the displacement sensor is used to measure the deformation of the cavity. The positioning mechanism is used to position the telescopic rod. The image acquisition mechanism is used to capture the deformation process of the cavity.

[0008] As one embodiment, the telescopic rod has a plurality of positioning holes spaced axially on its side wall, and the sleeve has an insertion hole on its side wall. The insertion hole and the positioning hole face the same direction. The positioning end of the positioning mechanism is inserted into the positioning hole through the insertion hole to fix the telescopic rod.

[0009] In one embodiment, the positioning mechanism includes a pressing plate, a first elastic element, and a positioning rod. The pressing plate is hinged to a connecting post on the sleeve, with the axial direction of the hinge axis parallel to the tangential direction of the sleeve. In the axial direction parallel to the sleeve, one end of the pressing plate is connected to the top end of the first elastic element, and the bottom end of the first elastic element is connected to the sleeve. The other end of the pressing plate is provided with the positioning rod perpendicular to the pressing plate, and the end of the positioning rod is inserted into the positioning hole through the insertion hole to fix the telescopic rod.

[0010] In one embodiment, the first elastic element is a compression spring.

[0011] As one embodiment, a second elastic element is provided inside the sleeve, with one end of the second elastic element fixed and the other end connected to the telescopic rod.

[0012] In one embodiment, the second elastic element is a spring.

[0013] In one embodiment, the sleeve is provided with telescopic rods at both ends. Each telescopic rod includes a rod body and an extension plate connected to the inner end of the rod body and extending axially along the rod body. The positioning hole is provided on the extension plate, or the positioning hole is provided on the side wall of the rod body and the extension plate. The extension plates of the two telescopic rods are staggered.

[0014] As one embodiment, the radial cross-section of the extension plate is arc-shaped, and the arc shape is concentric with the radial circular cross-section of the rod and has the same diameter; the end of the rod is provided with two opposing extension plates, and the central angle corresponding to the two arc shapes is 90°.

[0015] As one embodiment, a level and a data acquisition and transmission module are also provided on the outer wall of the sleeve. The data acquisition and transmission module is communicatively connected to the displacement sensor and the image acquisition mechanism.

[0016] As one embodiment, the sleeve is also connected to a support rod arranged radially thereon. The support rod is threadedly connected to the sleeve, and both ends of the support rod are respectively provided with a matching threaded joint and an internal threaded hole.

[0017] The present invention has the following technical advantages over the prior art:

[0018] This invention uses a combination of displacement sensors and image acquisition mechanisms to monitor the convergence deformation and damage inside the cavern, achieving synchronous acquisition and recording of cavern surrounding rock convergence deformation data and surrounding rock damage conditions, providing important basis for cavern construction and protection. Attached Figure Description

[0019] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention or the prior art, the drawings used in the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0020] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a real-time monitoring device for the deformation and damage of a cavity in a shaking table test according to one embodiment of the present invention.

[0021] Figure 2 for Figure 1 A schematic diagram of the longitudinal section structure;

[0022] Figure 3 for Figure 1 A magnified schematic diagram of the structure of a portion of region A in the middle;

[0023] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the arrangement structure of the second elastic member in one embodiment of the present invention;

[0024] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the cooperation structure of two telescopic rods in one embodiment of the present invention;

[0025] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the support rod in one embodiment of the present invention;

[0026] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the telescopic rod in one embodiment of the present invention;

[0027] Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the image acquisition mechanism in one embodiment of the present invention.

[0028] Explanation of reference numerals in the attached figures:

[0029] 1. Sleeve; 11. Insertion hole; 12. Connecting post; 2. Telescopic rod; 21. Positioning hole; 22. Rod body; 23. Extension plate; 3. Positioning mechanism; 31. Pressing plate; 32. First elastic element; 33. Positioning rod; 4. Image acquisition mechanism; 5. Displacement sensor; 6. Second elastic element; 7. Level; 8. Data acquisition and transmission module; 9. Support rod; 91. Threaded joint; 92. Internal threaded hole. Detailed Implementation

[0030] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0031] The purpose of this invention is to provide a real-time monitoring device for cavern deformation and damage during shaking table tests, in order to solve the problems existing in the prior art. It realizes the synchronous acquisition and recording of cavern surrounding rock convergence deformation data and surrounding rock damage, providing an important basis for cavern construction and protection.

[0032] To make the above-mentioned objects, features and advantages of the present invention more apparent and understandable, the present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.

[0033] like Figures 1 to 8As shown, this embodiment provides a real-time monitoring device for the deformation and damage of a cavity in a shaking table test, including a sleeve 1, a telescopic rod 2, a positioning mechanism 3, and an image acquisition mechanism 4. The sleeve 1 can be made of metal, such as stainless steel, and its dimensions are 60mm × 65mm × 100mm (inner diameter × outer diameter × wall thickness), serving as the main frame of the device. The telescopic rod 2 can be slidably disposed at the end of the sleeve 1. Specifically, the telescopic rod 2 can be sleeved on the outside of the sleeve 1 or slidably disposed inside the sleeve 1. In this embodiment, the telescopic rod 2 is slidably disposed inside the sleeve 1. A displacement sensor 5 is fixed to the end of the telescopic rod 2 away from the sleeve 1. The displacement sensor 5 is used to measure the deformation of the cavern. Specifically, the displacement sensor 5 includes a housing, a sliding rod, a bearing system, an electronic module, and installation accessories. The housing is made of aluminum alloy with an outer diameter of 60mm, providing protection for the displacement sensor 5. The sliding rod, made of stainless steel with a diameter of 3mm, directly contacts the internal surface of the cavern being measured. The bearing system ensures smooth movement of the sliding rod. The electronic module converts the deformation data measured by the displacement sensor 5 into an analog signal, which is transmitted through a matching cable. The displacement sensor 5 has a range of 0–200mm and an accuracy of ±0.1%FS (full range). It can be used to accurately monitor the convergence deformation inside the cavern during vibration table tests. The displacement sensor 5 is a common structure in the art, and its structure and working principle are well known to those skilled in the art. This embodiment only provides a brief introduction to the displacement sensor 5. Positioning mechanism 3 is used to position the telescopic rod 2 after adjustment, preventing it from sliding during measurement. Image acquisition mechanism 4 is used to capture the deformation process of the cavern. Image acquisition mechanism 4 can be a high-speed camera, which is fixed to the outer surface of the sleeve 1. The high-speed camera includes a cylindrical connecting rod in the middle and spherical high-speed cameras at both ends of the connecting rod. The high-speed camera can be remotely controlled to turn on and off and rotate, with a rotation range of -60° to 60°. It also has digital photographic measurement capabilities and is used to observe the deformation, strain, and failure process of the cavern's inner wall in the shaking table physical model test. The high-speed camera can be a commonly used device in this field.

[0034] In use, release the positioning mechanism 3, and slide the telescopic rod 2 within the sleeve 1. Adjust the length of the telescopic rod 2 extending from the sleeve 1 so that the total length of the sleeve 1 and the telescopic rod 2 matches the size of the cavern, ensuring that the displacement sensor 5 at the end of the telescopic rod 2 can abut against the inner wall of the cavern. Then, turn on the displacement sensor 5 and the image acquisition mechanism 4 to monitor the convergence deformation inside the cavern.

[0035] Therefore, this embodiment uses a combination of displacement sensor 5 and image acquisition mechanism 4 to monitor the convergence deformation and damage inside the cavern, realizing the synchronous acquisition and recording of cavern surrounding rock convergence deformation data and surrounding rock damage, providing an important basis for the construction and protection of the cavern.

[0036] In this embodiment, the telescopic rod 2 has multiple positioning holes 21 spaced axially on its side wall, and the sleeve 1 has insertion holes 11 on its side wall. The insertion holes 11 and the positioning holes 21 face the same direction. The positioning end of the positioning mechanism 3 is inserted into the positioning hole 21 through the insertion hole 11 to fix the telescopic rod 2. The telescopic rod 2 is slidable within the sleeve 1 so that a certain positioning hole 21 on the telescopic rod 2 is aligned with the insertion hole 11. Then, the positioning end of the positioning mechanism 3 is inserted to achieve the positioning of the telescopic rod 2 and the sleeve 1.

[0037] like Figure 3 As shown, in this embodiment, the positioning mechanism 3 includes a pressing plate 31, a first elastic element 32, and a positioning rod 33. One end of the hinge rod is hinged to the sleeve 1. For ease of hinge connection, a connecting post 12 is provided on the sleeve 1. The lower surface of the pressing plate 31 is hinged to the connecting post 12 via an ear plate. The axial direction of the hinge axis is parallel to the tangent of the sleeve 1. In the axial direction parallel to the sleeve 1, one end of the pressing plate 31 is connected to the top end of the first elastic element 32, and the bottom end of the first elastic element 32 is connected to the sleeve 1. The other end of the pressing plate 31 is provided with a positioning rod 33 perpendicular to the pressing plate 31. The end of the positioning rod 33 is inserted into the positioning hole 21 through the insertion hole 11 to fix the telescopic rod 2. In its natural state, the pressing plate 31 is arranged parallel to the axial direction of the sleeve 1. The positioning difference at the end of the pressing plate 31 is located within the insertion hole 11 and the positioning hole 21, limiting the telescopic rod 2 and preventing the telescopic rod 2 from sliding within the sleeve 1. When the position of the telescopic rod 2 needs to be adjusted, press one end of the pressing plate 31 connected to the first elastic element 32 to compress the first elastic element 32. The end of the pressing plate 31 connected to the positioning rod 33 will be tilted upward, causing the positioning rod 33 to disengage from the insertion hole 11 and the positioning hole 21. The telescopic rod 2 can then extend and retract within the sleeve 1. After the telescopic rod 2 is adjusted to the correct position, release the end of the pressing plate 31 connected to the first elastic element 32. The pressing plate 31 will reset under the elastic force of the first elastic element 32. The end of the pressing plate 31 connected to the positioning rod 33 will then be subjected to a pushing force close to the sleeve 1, causing the positioning rod 33 to be positioned within the insertion hole 11 and the positioning hole 21, thus positioning the telescopic rod 2.

[0038] In this embodiment, the first elastic element 32 is a spring.

[0039] In this embodiment, a second elastic element 6 is provided inside the sleeve 1. One end of the second elastic element 6 is fixed, and the other end is connected to the telescopic rod 2. Specifically, the other end of the second elastic element 6 can be fixedly connected to the housing of the displacement sensor 5. In this embodiment, the second elastic element 6 is a spring. When the second elastic element 6 is stretched or compressed, adjusting the telescopic rod 2 in the direction of the elastic force can reduce the force required to adjust the telescopic rod 2, thus improving the convenience of adjustment.

[0040] In this embodiment, both ends of the sleeve 1 are provided with telescopic rods 2. The telescopic rod 2 includes a rod body 22 and an extension plate 23 connected to the inner end of the rod body 22 and extending axially along the rod body 22. The positioning hole 21 is provided on the extension plate 23, or the positioning hole 21 is provided on the side wall of the rod body 22 and the extension plate 23. In this embodiment, the positioning hole 21 is provided on the side wall of the rod body 22 and the extension plate 23. The extension plates 23 of the two telescopic rods 2 are staggered. In this embodiment, the extension plates 23 are provided on the telescopic rods 2, and the extension plates 23 of the two telescopic rods 2 are staggered. This can reduce the weight of the telescopic rods 2 and the length of the sleeve 1 while ensuring that the telescopic rods 2 have a long adjustment range, thus realizing the lightweight design of the real-time monitoring device.

[0041] In order to match the telescopic rods 2 at both ends, the positioning mechanism 3 and the high-speed camera in this embodiment are also symmetrically arranged in two sets relative to the radial center plane of the sleeve 1.

[0042] In this embodiment, the radial cross-section of the extension plate 23 is arc-shaped, and the arc shape is concentric with the radial circular cross-section of the rod 22 and has the same diameter. This can be understood as the extension plate 23 being obtained by extending an arc-shaped surface along the axial direction from a certain area of ​​the rod 22. Two opposing extension plates 23 are provided at the end of the rod 22, and the central angles corresponding to the two arc shapes are both 90°. When the extension plates 23 on the two telescopic rods 2 cooperate with each other, the two sets of extension plates 23 can be interlocked, and the four extension plates 23 can form a complete circle in the radial direction, providing circumferential restraint and preventing the telescopic rods 2 from rotating during adjustment, thus avoiding the problem of the positioning hole 21 and the insertion hole 11 not facing in the same direction, and the positioning rod 33 being unable to be inserted into the insertion hole 11 and the positioning hole 21. Figure 5 As shown.

[0043] In this embodiment, a level 7 and a data acquisition and transmission module 8 are also provided on the outer wall of the sleeve 1. The data acquisition and transmission module 8 is communicatively connected to the displacement sensor 5 and the image acquisition mechanism 4. Specifically, the data acquisition and transmission module 8 includes a power module, a data storage and display module, and a portable WIFI module. The data acquisition and transmission module 8 is fixed to the top of the sleeve 1, connected to the two displacement sensors 5 via a data cable, and connected to the power module via a charging cable. The data acquisition and transmission module 8 has an electronic display screen and a portable WIFI module, which can store and display the data collected by the two contact sensors and wirelessly transmit this data to the terminal computer.

[0044] In this embodiment, a support rod 9 is also connected to the sleeve 1 along its radial direction. The support rod 9 is threadedly connected to the sleeve 1, and both ends of the support rod 9 are respectively provided with a matching threaded connector 91 and an internal threaded hole 92. Multiple support rods 9 can be connected in series to adjust the different support heights on the sleeve 1.

[0045] Any adaptive changes made according to actual needs are within the scope of protection of this invention.

[0046] Specific examples have been used to illustrate the principles and implementation methods of this invention. The descriptions of the above embodiments are only for the purpose of helping to understand the method and core ideas of this invention. Furthermore, those skilled in the art will recognize that, based on the ideas of this invention, there will be changes in the specific implementation methods and application scope. Therefore, the content of this specification should not be construed as a limitation of this invention.

Claims

1. A device for real-time monitoring of deformation and failure of a cavity in a shaking table test, characterized in that, The utility model relates to a kind of hole deformation monitoring device, including: Sleeve; Telescopic rod, the telescopic rod is slidably arranged at the end of the sleeve;The displacement sensor is fixed on the telescopic rod away from the end of the sleeve, and the displacement sensor is used to measure the deformation of the cavern; Positioning mechanism, the positioning mechanism is used to position the telescopic rod; And image acquisition mechanism, the image acquisition mechanism is used to collect the deformation process of cavern; Multiple positioning holes are arranged on the side wall of the telescopic rod in axial direction, and the sleeve is provided with a insertion hole, the insertion hole is consistent with the orientation of the positioning hole, and the positioning end of the positioning mechanism is inserted into the positioning hole to fix the telescopic rod; The positioning mechanism includes pressing plate, first elastic member and positioning rod, the pressing plate is hinged with the connecting column on the sleeve, and the axial direction of hinge shaft is parallel to the tangential direction of the sleeve;In the axial direction parallel to the sleeve, one end of the pressing plate is connected with the top end of the first elastic member, the bottom end of the first elastic member is connected with the sleeve, and the other end of the pressing plate is provided with the positioning rod perpendicular to the pressing plate, and the end of the positioning rod is inserted into the positioning hole to fix the telescopic rod; Both ends of the sleeve are provided with the telescopic rod, and the telescopic rod includes rod body and extension plate connected to the inner end of the rod body and extending along the axial direction of the rod body, the positioning hole is arranged on the extension plate, or the positioning hole is arranged on the side wall of the rod body and the extension plate;The extension plates of two telescopic rods are staggered. The outer wall of the sleeve is also provided with a level and a data acquisition and transmission module, and the data acquisition and transmission module is in communication connection with the displacement sensor and the image acquisition mechanism.

2. The device for real-time monitoring of deformation and failure of a cavity in a shaking table test according to claim 1, characterized in that, The first elastic member is a compression spring.

3. The device for real-time monitoring of deformation and failure of a cavity in a shaking table test according to claim 1, characterized in that, A second elastic member is arranged in the sleeve, one end of the second elastic member is fixed, and the other end is connected with the telescopic rod.

4. The device for real-time monitoring of deformation and failure of a cavity in a shaking table test according to claim 3, characterized in that, The second elastic member is a spring.

5. The device for real-time monitoring of deformation and failure of a cavity in a shaking table test according to claim 1, wherein, The radial section of the extension plate is arc-shaped, and the arc-shaped shape is concentric with the radial circular section of the rod body and has the same diameter;The end of the rod body is provided with two opposite extension plates, and the central angles corresponding to the two arc-shaped shapes are both 90 °.

6. The device for real-time monitoring of deformation and failure of a cavity in a shaking table test according to claim 1, wherein, The sleeve is also connected with a support rod arranged in the radial direction thereof, the support rod is threadedly connected with the sleeve, and the two ends of the support rod are respectively provided with a matching threaded joint and an internally threaded hole.

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