Landslide monitoring and early warning method, device and system

Abstract

This invention relates to the field of geological disaster prevention and control technology, and in particular to a landslide monitoring and early warning method, device, and system. The method includes: determining the three-dimensional coordinates of the anchor bolts in three-dimensional space and establishing a three-dimensional region of the slope based on the spatial layout information of the anchor bolts; determining the three-dimensional deformation data of the anchor bolts along their length direction based on wavelength data generated by fiber optic grating sensors installed within the anchor bolts; dividing the three-dimensional region of the slope from top to bottom into several layers based on the three-dimensional deformation data of the anchor bolts along their length; calculating the slip vector at any location within each layer based on the three-dimensional deformation data of the anchor bolts along their length; determining the landslide area based on the slip vector at any location within each layer and the geological information corresponding to the layer, and analyzing and evaluating the landslide area to obtain a risk level, thereby performing corresponding early warning operations based on the risk level. This invention solves the problem of limited monitoring area.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of geological disaster prevention and control technology, and in particular to a landslide monitoring and early warning method, device and system. Background Technology

[0002] Landslides develop through three stages: creep, sliding, and violent sliding. The deformation characteristics of each stage differ, manifesting as variations in surface displacement, velocity, crack distribution, and various associated phenomena. Based on the characteristics of different landslide development stages, employing targeted protection and monitoring methods is crucial for early warning of landslide geological hazards. Currently, there are various methods for monitoring landslides both domestically and internationally, one of which utilizes FBG (fiber optic grating) sensor anchors for monitoring.

[0003] Currently, the method of monitoring using anchors with FBG (fiber grating) sensors usually involves fixing the anchors, which integrate sensors, into pre-drilled holes in the slope to monitor landslide conditions.

[0004] Currently, slope detection typically relies on anchor deformation data to determine the landslide situation in a given area. However, this method only covers a small portion of the slope and requires anchors to be installed in that area. It cannot monitor other areas, resulting in a limited monitoring area. Summary of the Invention

[0005] Therefore, it is necessary to provide a landslide monitoring and early warning method, device, and system to address the above-mentioned problems.

[0006] The present invention is implemented as follows: a landslide monitoring and early warning method, the landslide monitoring and early warning method comprising:

[0007] S101, determine the three-dimensional coordinates of the anchor bolts in three-dimensional space based on the spatial layout information of the anchor bolts, and establish a three-dimensional region of the slope based on the three-dimensional coordinates of the anchor bolts;

[0008] S102, determine the three-dimensional deformation data of the anchor rod along its length direction based on the wavelength data generated by the fiber optic grating sensor installed in the anchor rod;

[0009] S103, determine the deformation pole of the anchor rod based on the three-dimensional deformation data of the anchor rod along its length, and divide the three-dimensional region of the slope into several layers from top to bottom based on the deformation pole of the anchor rod.

[0010] S104, For each layer, obtain the three-dimensional deformation data of the anchor rod in that layer based on the three-dimensional deformation data of the anchor rod along its length, and calculate the slip vector at any position in that layer based on the three-dimensional deformation data of the anchor rod in that layer.

[0011] S105. Based on the slip vector at any location in each stratum and the geological information corresponding to the stratum, the slip probability of each stratum is determined. Based on the slip probability of each stratum, the slip body area is determined, and the slip body area is analyzed and evaluated to obtain the risk level. Based on the risk level, the corresponding early warning operation is carried out.

[0012] In one embodiment, the present invention provides a landslide monitoring and early warning device, the landslide monitoring and early warning device comprising:

[0013] A three-dimensional region module is established to determine the three-dimensional coordinates of the anchor bolts in three-dimensional space based on the spatial layout information of the anchor bolts, and to establish a three-dimensional region of the slope based on the three-dimensional coordinates of the anchor bolts.

[0014] The three-dimensional data module is used to determine the three-dimensional deformation data of the anchor rod along its length direction based on the wavelength data generated by the fiber optic grating sensor installed in the anchor rod.

[0015] The three-dimensional region division module is used to determine the deformation pole of the anchor rod based on the three-dimensional deformation data of the anchor rod along its length direction, and to divide the three-dimensional region of the slope into several layers from top to bottom based on the deformation pole of the anchor rod.

[0016] The slip vector determination module is used to obtain the three-dimensional deformation data of the anchor rod at each layer based on the three-dimensional deformation data of the anchor rod along its length, and to calculate the slip vector at any position at that layer based on the three-dimensional deformation data of the anchor rod at that layer.

[0017] The risk level determination module is used to determine the slip probability of each layer based on the slip vector at any location of each layer and the geological information corresponding to the layer. Based on the slip probability of each layer, the sliding body area is determined and the sliding body area is analyzed and evaluated to obtain the risk level, so as to carry out the corresponding early warning operation according to the risk level.

[0018] In one embodiment, the present invention provides a landslide monitoring and early warning system, the landslide monitoring and early warning system comprising: a plurality of anchor rods equipped with fiber optic grating sensors and computer equipment;

[0019] The anchor bolt is communicatively connected to the computer device and is used to monitor the slope and transmit the data generated by the fiber optic grating sensor to the computer device.

[0020] The computer equipment is used to execute the steps of the above-described landslide monitoring and early warning method.

[0021] This invention provides a landslide monitoring and early warning method. It determines the three-dimensional coordinates of anchor bolts in three-dimensional space based on their spatial layout information, and establishes a three-dimensional region of the slope based on these coordinates. The method then determines the three-dimensional deformation data of the anchor bolts along their length using wavelength data generated by fiber optic grating sensors installed within the anchor bolts. Based on this data, it determines the deformation poles of the anchor bolts and divides the three-dimensional region of the slope into several layers from top to bottom. For each layer, it obtains the three-dimensional deformation data of the anchor bolts at that layer based on their length, calculates the slip vector at any location within that layer, and determines the slip probability of each layer based on the slip vector and the corresponding geological information. Finally, it identifies the landslide area based on the slip probability of each layer and analyzes and evaluates the landslide area to obtain a risk level, enabling corresponding early warning operations based on the risk level. This approach divides the three-dimensional slope region into several layers from top to bottom based on the three-dimensional deformation data of all anchor bolts. It then determines the slip vector at any location within each layer, thereby calculating the slip probability for each layer and enabling overall slope monitoring and early warning. This method not only targets the area where the anchor bolts are located but also simulates slippage in other areas using the anchor bolt's three-dimensional deformation data, overcoming the limitation of monitoring area. Attached Figure Description

[0022] Figure 1 This is a flowchart of a landslide monitoring and early warning method in one embodiment;

[0023] Figure 2 This is a structural block diagram of a landslide monitoring and early warning device in one embodiment;

[0024] Figure 3 This is a structural block diagram of a landslide monitoring and early warning system in one embodiment;

[0025] Figure 4 This is a block diagram of the internal structure of a computer device in one embodiment. Detailed Implementation

[0026] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of this invention clearer, the invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative and not intended to limit the invention.

[0027] It is understood that the terms "first," "second," etc., used in this invention may be used to describe various elements herein, but unless specifically stated otherwise, these elements are not limited by these terms. These terms are used only to distinguish one element from another. For example, without departing from the scope of this invention, a first script may be referred to as a second script, and similarly, a second script may be referred to as a first script.

[0028] like Figure 1 As shown, in one embodiment, a landslide monitoring and early warning method is proposed, which may specifically include the following steps:

[0029] S101, determine the three-dimensional coordinates of the anchor bolts in three-dimensional space based on the spatial layout information of the anchor bolts, and establish a three-dimensional region of the slope based on the three-dimensional coordinates of the anchor bolts;

[0030] S102, determine the three-dimensional deformation data of the anchor rod along its length direction based on the wavelength data generated by the fiber optic grating sensor installed in the anchor rod;

[0031] S103, determine the deformation pole of the anchor rod based on the three-dimensional deformation data of the anchor rod along its length, and divide the three-dimensional region of the slope into several layers from top to bottom based on the deformation pole of the anchor rod.

[0032] S104, For each layer, obtain the three-dimensional deformation data of the anchor rod in that layer based on the three-dimensional deformation data of the anchor rod along its length, and calculate the slip vector at any position in that layer based on the three-dimensional deformation data of the anchor rod in that layer.

[0033] S105. Based on the slip vector at any location in each stratum and the geological information corresponding to the stratum, the slip probability of each stratum is determined. Based on the slip probability of each stratum, the slip body area is determined, and the slip body area is analyzed and evaluated to obtain the risk level. Based on the risk level, the corresponding early warning operation is carried out.

[0034] In this embodiment, the spatial layout information of the anchor bolts includes the length of the anchor bolts, the angle between the anchor bolts and the horizontal plane, and the spatial relative positions between the midpoints of the anchor bolts. This information is planned before the anchor bolts are laid out on site.

[0035] In this embodiment, the three-dimensional space exists within the computer device and is a three-dimensional coordinate system.

[0036] In this embodiment, the three-dimensional region of the slope is a simulation of the actual slope region and may not be exactly the same as the actual slope region.

[0037] In this embodiment, the fiber grating sensor is a type of fiber optic sensor. The sensing process based on a fiber grating acquires sensing information by modulating the wavelength of the fiber Bragg grating using external physical parameters; it is a wavelength-modulated fiber optic sensor. Fiber grating sensors can directly measure physical quantities such as strain.

[0038] In this embodiment, if the undeformed anchor rod is regarded as a line segment that coincides with the zero axis in the two-dimensional coordinate system, then the deformation pole is the maximum or minimum value of the local deformation of the anchor rod.

[0039] In this embodiment, the layer is determined by the deformation pole of the anchor bolt, so the layer is also simulated and is usually an irregular curved surface.

[0040] In this embodiment, after determining the layer in S104, the length of the anchor rod and the specific anchor rod area in that layer can be known, and thus the three-dimensional deformation data of the anchor rod in that layer can also be known.

[0041] In this embodiment, the geological information corresponding to the layers may not be the same. For example, the soil in the upper layer of the slope is generally looser and has a lower density than the soil in the lower layer of the slope.

[0042] This invention provides a landslide monitoring and early warning method. It determines the three-dimensional coordinates of anchor bolts in three-dimensional space based on their spatial layout information, and establishes a three-dimensional region of the slope based on these coordinates. The method then determines the three-dimensional deformation data of the anchor bolts along their length using wavelength data generated by fiber optic grating sensors installed within the anchor bolts. Based on this data, it determines the deformation poles of the anchor bolts and divides the three-dimensional region of the slope into several layers from top to bottom. For each layer, it obtains the three-dimensional deformation data of the anchor bolts at that layer based on their length, calculates the slip vector at any location within that layer, and determines the slip probability of each layer based on the slip vector and the corresponding geological information. Finally, it identifies the landslide area based on the slip probability of each layer and analyzes and evaluates the landslide area to obtain a risk level, enabling corresponding early warning operations based on the risk level. This approach divides the three-dimensional slope region into several layers from top to bottom based on the three-dimensional deformation data of all anchor bolts. It then determines the slip vector at any location within each layer, thereby calculating the slip probability for each layer and enabling overall slope monitoring and early warning. This method not only targets the area where the anchor bolts are located but also simulates slippage in other areas using the anchor bolt's three-dimensional deformation data, overcoming the limitation of monitoring area.

[0043] In one embodiment, determining the three-dimensional coordinates of the anchor bolts in three-dimensional space based on the spatial layout information of the anchor bolts, and establishing a three-dimensional region of the slope based on the three-dimensional coordinates of the anchor bolts, includes:

[0044] The length of the anchor bolts, the angle between the anchor bolts and the horizontal plane, and the spatial relative positions between the midpoints of different anchor bolts are obtained from the spatial layout information of the anchor bolts.

[0045] For each anchor bolt, the three-dimensional coordinates of the anchor bolt are determined in three-dimensional space based on the anchor bolt's length, the angle between the anchor bolt and the horizontal plane, and the spatial relative position of the anchor bolt to the midpoints of other anchor bolts.

[0046] Obtain the ordinate of the bottom point and the ordinate of the top point of the anchor rod in the three-dimensional coordinate system;

[0047] Depend on The distribution points of the bottom boundary of the slope are obtained, and the bottom boundary of the slope is fitted based on the distribution points of the bottom boundary of the slope.

[0048] Depend on The distribution points of the top boundary of the slope are obtained, and the top boundary of the slope is fitted based on the distribution points of the top boundary of the slope.

[0049] The perimeter of the slope is determined based on the x and y coordinates of all anchors so that all anchors are within the perimeter of the slope.

[0050] Establish a three-dimensional region of the slope in three-dimensional space based on the bottom boundary, top boundary, and four sides of the slope.

[0051] Where i is the anchor bolt number, z_bot i Let z_top be the vertical coordinate of the bottom point of the i-th anchor rod. i Let be the vertical coordinate of the top point of the i-th anchor rod, a be the first preset distance, and b be the second preset distance.

[0052] In this embodiment, the horizontal plane can be the actual ground plane where the slope is located.

[0053] In this embodiment, the bottom point of any anchor rod can be selected as the origin of the three-dimensional space, or a preset three-dimensional point can be used to obtain the three-dimensional coordinates of all anchor rods. The three-dimensional coordinates of the anchor rod are not a single coordinate; the anchor rod is a long cylindrical shape, and its three-dimensional coordinates can be represented by the three-dimensional coordinates of all points on its central axis.

[0054] In this embodiment, when the anchor bolts are installed, the bottom of the anchor bolts needs to be embedded in stable bedrock. Therefore, when determining the bottom boundary of the slope, the distribution points corresponding to the bottom boundary of the anchor bolts along their length direction should be lower than the bottom point of the anchor bolt by a safe distance, i.e., a first preset distance 'a'. This first preset distance 'a' can be set to any value between 5 and 10 meters. When the anchor bolts are installed, the top needs to be higher than the surface of the slope. Therefore, when determining the top boundary of the slope, the distribution points corresponding to the top boundary of the anchor bolts along their length direction should be lower than the top point of the anchor bolt by a protrusion distance, i.e., a second preset distance 'b'. This second preset distance 'b' can be set to any value between 5 and 10 meters.

[0055] In this embodiment, the bottom boundary of the slope is fitted based on the distribution points of the bottom boundary. A smooth three-dimensional surface can be fitted using a spatial interpolation algorithm, and this surface is then determined as the bottom boundary. There are multiple spatial interpolation algorithms, such as radial basis function (RBF) interpolation and Kriging interpolation. The same method is used to fit the top boundary of the slope based on the distribution points of the top boundary.

[0056] In this embodiment, the perimeter of the slope is determined based on the horizontal and vertical coordinates of all anchors so that all anchors are within the perimeter of the slope. The outermost anchor is determined in three-dimensional space using two-dimensional angles in the XY coordinate system. The determined outermost anchor is then used to enclose a closed space to define the perimeter of the slope.

[0057] In one embodiment, determining the three-dimensional deformation data of the anchor bolt along its length direction based on wavelength data generated by a fiber Bragg grating sensor installed inside the anchor bolt includes:

[0058] Demodulate the wavelength data generated by the fiber Bragg grating sensor installed inside the anchor bolt;

[0059] After calculating the wavelength difference based on the demodulated wavelength data, curvature conversion is performed.

[0060] Based on the curvature transformation result, curvature interpolation is performed along the anchor bolt length direction;

[0061] The shape of the fiber grating sensor arrangement along the length of the anchor rod is restored based on the interpolated curvature. The shape-restored fiber grating sensor arrangement along the length of the anchor rod is then fitted with coordinates and fused with the three-dimensional coordinates of the anchor rod. The fused three-dimensional coordinates are then used as the three-dimensional deformation data of the anchor rod along its length.

[0062] In this embodiment, the method disclosed in patent document 202210182499.7 can be referred to, and will not be described in detail here.

[0063] In this embodiment, for each anchor rod, the original three-dimensional coordinates of the anchor rod are regarded as coordinates on the zero axis, so the fused three-dimensional coordinates are the deformed three-dimensional coordinates.

[0064] In one embodiment, determining the deformation pole of the anchor rod based on its three-dimensional deformation data along its length includes:

[0065] For each anchor bolt, by The deformation modulus of the anchor rod along its length is obtained and mapped onto a two-dimensional coordinate system.

[0066] For each abscissa point in a two-dimensional coordinate system, by Obtain the slope of the x-coordinate point;

[0067] Determine whether the slope of the previous horizontal coordinate point and the slope of the next horizontal coordinate point are consistent in sign. If not, record the unit point corresponding to the horizontal coordinate point on the anchor rod as the deformation pole of the anchor rod corresponding to the change curve.

[0068] Where i is the anchor bolt number, j is the anchor bolt's unit point number along its length, and x... ij Let y be the x-coordinate value of the j-th unit point in the three-dimensional deformation data of the i-th anchor bolt. ij Let z be the ordinate value of the j-th unit point in the three-dimensional deformation data of the i-th anchor bolt. ij X is the vertical coordinate value of the j-th unit point in the three-dimensional deformation data of the i-th anchor rod. ij Y is the x-coordinate of the j-th unit point on the i-th anchor rod. ij Let be the deformation modulus corresponding to the x-coordinate of the j-th unit point on the i-th anchor rod.

[0069] In this embodiment, in a two-dimensional coordinate system, the horizontal axis represents the length of the anchor rod, and the vertical axis represents the modulus of deformation. Each anchor rod has its own independent two-dimensional coordinate system.

[0070] In this embodiment, the unit point refers to the anchor bolt. It is a location name. For example, if the anchor bolt is 1m long, a unit point can be set every 1cm; if the anchor bolt is 10m long, a unit point can be set every 1dm. The unit point is mapped to the horizontal coordinate point on the horizontal axis in the two-dimensional coordinate system.

[0071] In one embodiment, dividing the three-dimensional region of the slope into several layers from top to bottom based on the deformation pole of the anchor bolt further includes:

[0072] For each anchor rod, determine whether the number of deformation poles of the anchor rod is greater than the first preset number. If so, sort the deformation poles of the anchor rod in descending order of the deformation modulus corresponding to the deformation poles, and exclude the deformation poles that are not at the top of the sorted order, so that the number of deformation poles of the anchor rod is equal to the first preset number. If not, determine whether the number of deformation poles of the anchor rod is equal to the first preset number.

[0073] If the number of deformation poles of the anchor bolt is not equal to the first preset number, then the anchor bolt is divided into several first sub-anchor bolts according to the deformation poles of the anchor bolt. On the longest first sub-anchor bolt, according to... The second sub-anchor is divided into several segments, and the intersection of adjacent second sub-anchors is recorded as the deformation pole of the anchor.

[0074] For each anchor bolt, sort the deformation poles of that anchor bolt from top to bottom;

[0075] Among all the deformation poles of the anchor rods, those with the same index are recorded as coarse division points with the same index.

[0076] The stratigraphic boundary between two coarse strata is fitted based on the coarse strata with the same serial number to distinguish between two different coarse strata.

[0077] Each coarse layer is further subdivided to obtain several subdivided layers, thus obtaining several layers.

[0078] Where l is the length of the longest first sub-anchor, n0 is the first preset quantity, and n i Let represent the number of deformation poles of the i-th anchor rod, where i is the anchor rod number.

[0079] In this embodiment, the first preset quantity can be set to 5. Deformation poles are the basis for coarse stratification, and the deformation poles on each anchor must be consistent. If there are too many, they must be subtracted; in this case, the markers corresponding to the deformation poles with smaller deformation moduli are deleted. If there are too few, they must be added. For example, if an anchor has no deformation poles, meaning that no landslide has occurred in the area where that anchor is located, then on the longest first sub-anchor, according to... The second sub-anchor is divided into several segments. The longest first sub-anchor is the anchor itself. The anchor is divided into 6 equal parts, resulting in 5 deformation poles. The intersection of adjacent second sub-anchors is recorded as the deformation pole of the anchor.

[0080] In this embodiment, the layer boundary between two coarse strata is fitted based on coarse dividing points with the same index to distinguish between the two different coarse strata. A smooth three-dimensional surface can be fitted using a spatial interpolation algorithm and determined as the bottom boundary. There are multiple spatial interpolation algorithms, such as radial basis function (RBF) interpolation and Kriging interpolation.

[0081] In this embodiment, assuming the deformation pole number is 5, then the number of coarse-layered lattice sites is 6. The number of coarse-layered lattice sites is 1 more than the deformation pole number.

[0082] In this embodiment, "from top to bottom" is viewed from the perspective of the slope. Assuming the slope is an isosceles right triangle, with the longest side being the slope surface, i.e., the top boundary, then "from top to bottom" refers to the direction from the longest side to the vertices of the two equilateral sides of the triangle.

[0083] In this embodiment, the three-dimensional region of the slope is divided into several layers from top to bottom according to the deformation pole of the anchor bolt, and the final layer is each subdivided layer.

[0084] In one embodiment, the step of subdividing each coarse layer into several subdivided layers to obtain several layers includes:

[0085] S601, For each coarse layer section, determine the third sub-anchor of each anchor in that coarse layer section;

[0086] S602, for each third sub-anchor in the coarse layer, obtain the three-dimensional deformation data corresponding to the top point and the three-dimensional deformation data corresponding to the bottom point of the third sub-anchor. The change in the third sub-anchor bolt, D, is obtained;

[0087] S603, by The unit change d of the third sub-anchor is obtained;

[0088] S604, determine whether the unit change d of the third sub-anchor is 0. If it is, divide the third sub-anchor equally according to the second preset quantity to obtain the fourth sub-anchor. If not, divide the third sub-anchor according to the unit change d of the third sub-anchor to obtain the fourth sub-anchor with the same change.

[0089] S605, the intersection point of the adjacent fourth sub-anchor is recorded as the characteristic point of the third sub-anchor;

[0090] S606, Determine the minimum value c of the number of feature points of the third sub-anchor in the coarse layer;

[0091] S607, For each third sub-anchor in the coarse layer, determine whether the number of feature points of the third sub-anchor is equal to the minimum value c. If not, select the two feature points of the third sub-anchor that are closest to each other, record the midpoint of the two closest feature points as the new feature point and cancel the marking of the two closest feature points.

[0092] S608, repeat S607 until the number of feature points of the third sub-anchor is equal to the minimum value c, and sort the feature points of the third sub-anchor from top to bottom;

[0093] S609, all feature points with the same index among the feature points of the third sub-anchor in the coarse layer are recorded as sub-sub-points with the same index;

[0094] S610, fit the subdivision boundary between two subdivision layers based on the subdivision points with the same serial number to distinguish two different subdivision layers;

[0095] Among them, y a The deformation modulus corresponding to the bottom point of the third sub-anchor, y b Let m be the deformation modulus corresponding to the top point of the third sub-anchor, m be the unit length, and L be the length of the third sub-anchor.

[0096] In this embodiment, the subdivision of the layer is a further subdivision of each coarse layer. The coarse layer is determined based on the deformation poles. The difference in height range between two coarse layers may be too large, which is not conducive to the calculation of the slip probability of the layer, so further subdivision is required.

[0097] In this embodiment, the unit length m is a reference length used for standardization. For example, if the anchor bolt is 10m, then the unit length m can be set to 0.5m. If the anchor bolt is 1m, then the unit length m can be set to 0.5dm.

[0098] In this embodiment, in S602-S604, it is assumed that y a For 10, y b Given a length of 6, a length of L of 2m, and a unit length of m of 0.5m, the change in the third sub-anchor bolt, D, is 4, and the unit change, d, is 1. Based on this unit change, d, the third sub-anchor bolt is divided into fourth sub-anchor bolts with the same change. The change in the fourth sub-anchor bolt is also the difference between the deformation modulus at the bottom and the deformation modulus at the top. In other words, when the deformation modulus at the top is y... bWhen the modulus is 6, the points at deformation moduli of 7, 8, and 9 are set as the intersection points of adjacent fourth sub-anchors. If the unit change of the third sub-anchor is d, then the change of the third sub-anchor is D. At this time, the third sub-anchor can be equally divided into fourth sub-anchors according to the second preset number, which can be set to 4.

[0099] In this embodiment, similar to the coarse subdivision points, the number of subdivision points must also be consistent for subdivision layers to be formed. Therefore, the minimum value c of the number of feature points of the third sub-anchor in the coarse subdivision is used as the benchmark, and redundant feature points are merged as close as possible.

[0100] In this embodiment, the method of fitting the layer boundary between two subdivision layers based on the same subdivision point number to distinguish two different subdivision layers is the same as the method of fitting the layer boundary between two coarse subdivision layers based on the same coarse subdivision point number to distinguish two different coarse subdivision layers.

[0101] In one embodiment, calculating the slip vector at any position in the stratum based on the three-dimensional deformation data of the anchor bolt includes:

[0102] Obtain the coarse division points of all anchor bolts throughout the slope, by Obtain the vector sum of the slope and D v ;

[0103] Depend on Obtain the unit vector D of the main sliding direction. h ;

[0104] Record the coarse and fine division points of all anchor bolts at this layer as data points;

[0105] For any position in this layer, by Obtain the unit vector D of this position in the main sliding direction. h The slip vector on;

[0106] Where i is the anchor bolt number, Let k be the measurement accuracy weight for the i-th anchor rod, and k be the index of the coarse division point. Let I be the 3D deformation data corresponding to the k-th coarse-division point on the i-th anchor bolt, where I is the index of the data point. Let r be the 3D deformation data corresponding to the i-th data point. I p represents the horizontal distance from the point to the i-th data point, where p is the exponent. This is the residual interpolation term.

[0107] In this embodiment, It is the vector obtained by accumulating the three-dimensional deformation data corresponding to the coarse division points on the i-th anchor rod and then calculating the vector magnitude. This involves accumulating the sum of all anchor bolts. Similarly, It is also for vectors and D v The calculation of the modulus.

[0108] In this embodiment, the inverse distance weighting method – IDW – is used to interpolate and estimate any location at this layer. The result is not three-dimensional coordinates, but rather coordinates on a horizontal plane. Deformation distribution, It is the interpolation result of 3D deformation in the horizontal direction of a specific layer, and is the result of prioritizing the horizontal component or layering in the scene. Other spatial interpolation methods such as triangular mesh linear interpolation and Kriging can also be used here.

[0109] In this embodiment, the power exponent is typically 2.

[0110] In this embodiment, the residual interpolation term is the spatial interpolation result of local biases not explained by the main model. Its function is to correct the errors of the main model and improve the interpolation accuracy. Its value has no fixed standard and depends entirely on the data quality, the rationality of the main model, and the complexity of the research object—the better the main model fit and the more uniform the data, the smaller the residual interpolation term; conversely, the larger it is. In practical applications, cross-validation (such as leave-one-out method) is usually needed to evaluate the residual size and determine whether the residual interpolation term should be retained.

[0111] In one embodiment, the step of determining the slip probability of each stratum based on the slip vector at any location of each stratum and the geological information corresponding to the stratum, determining the landslide area based on the slip probability of each stratum, analyzing and evaluating the landslide area to obtain a risk level, and then performing corresponding early warning operations based on the risk level includes:

[0112] For each level, by The average slip g of this layer is obtained;

[0113] Obtain the anti-sliding force threshold of the corresponding geological layer. The average dip angle of this layer and the average density of that layer ;

[0114] Depend on Obtain the sliding probability P of this layer;

[0115] Determine whether the sliding probability of this layer is greater than the preset probability. If so, this layer is determined to be a sliding body region.

[0116] Determine if a sliding body region exists; if not, identify the layer with the highest probability of sliding as the sliding body region.

[0117] Depend on A warning value was obtained;

[0118] Determine the risk level based on the warning value and perform the corresponding warning actions for the risk level;

[0119] Where K is the position number of that layer, and N is the number of positions in that layer. Let K be the slip vector at the Kth position of this layer. This is the soil strength weighting coefficient. This is the slope weighting coefficient. P is the density weighting coefficient. max M1 represents the slip probability of the layer with the highest slip probability, M2 represents the number of layers that determine the slip region, and M2 represents the total number of layers. This is the layer weighting coefficient.

[0120] In this embodiment, the slip probability of a layer is determined by the average slip amount, the average dip angle of the layer, and the average density of the layer. The average dip angle of the layer refers to the average dip angle relative to the horizontal plane; theoretically, the more inclined the layer, the easier it is to slip. The lower the average density, the looser the soil, and the easier it is to slip. The anti-slip force threshold of the layer can be calculated by referring to the shear strength parameters of the soil / rock mass. The average slip amount is the value of the slip that has already occurred, so its relevant weight should be the highest. The highest is the only one. , , The sum of is 1, therefore It can be set to 0.5. It can be set to 0.25. It can be set to 0.25.

[0121] In this embodiment, since a single stratum may exist in multiple geological formations, the anti-sliding force threshold is... The average value is also used. The average dip angle can be obtained by averaging the dip angles of the upper and lower interfaces of the stratum. The average density can be obtained by averaging the densities of soil and rock from different geological formations.

[0122] In this embodiment, the preset probability can be set to 0.7.

[0123] In this embodiment, any layer with a sliding probability greater than a preset probability is a sliding body region. If the sliding probabilities are all less than the preset probabilities, then the layer with the highest sliding probability is determined as a sliding body region.

[0124] In this embodiment, the layer weight coefficient It can be set to 0.5.

[0125] In this embodiment, the risk level is determined based on the warning value, and the corresponding warning action is performed. Warning values ​​in historical data can be categorized into several ranges. When a warning value falls into a corresponding range, the warning action corresponding to the warning value in the historical data is triggered. For example, the warning values ​​in the historical data can be divided into four ranges, corresponding to low risk (no action required), medium risk (requires enhanced monitoring), relatively high risk (prepare emergency measures), and high risk (immediately take evasive action).

[0126] like Figure 2 As shown, in one embodiment, a landslide monitoring and early warning device is provided, which may specifically include:

[0127] A three-dimensional region module is established to determine the three-dimensional coordinates of the anchor bolts in three-dimensional space based on the spatial layout information of the anchor bolts, and to establish a three-dimensional region of the slope based on the three-dimensional coordinates of the anchor bolts.

[0128] The three-dimensional data module is used to determine the three-dimensional deformation data of the anchor rod along its length direction based on the wavelength data generated by the fiber optic grating sensor installed in the anchor rod.

[0129] The three-dimensional region division module is used to determine the deformation pole of the anchor rod based on the three-dimensional deformation data of the anchor rod along its length direction, and to divide the three-dimensional region of the slope into several layers from top to bottom based on the deformation pole of the anchor rod.

[0130] The slip vector determination module is used to obtain the three-dimensional deformation data of the anchor rod at each layer based on the three-dimensional deformation data of the anchor rod along its length, and to calculate the slip vector at any position at that layer based on the three-dimensional deformation data of the anchor rod at that layer.

[0131] The risk level determination module is used to determine the slip probability of each layer based on the slip vector at any location of each layer and the geological information corresponding to the layer. Based on the slip probability of each layer, the sliding body area is determined and the sliding body area is analyzed and evaluated to obtain the risk level, so as to carry out the corresponding early warning operation according to the risk level.

[0132] In this embodiment, the various modules of the landslide monitoring and early warning device are modularized from the method of the present invention. For a detailed explanation of each module, please refer to the corresponding content in the method section of the present invention. The embodiments of the present invention will not be repeated here.

[0133] like Figure 3 As shown, in one embodiment, a landslide monitoring and early warning system is provided, which may specifically include: a plurality of anchor rods equipped with fiber optic grating sensors and computer equipment;

[0134] The anchor bolt is communicatively connected to the computer device and is used to monitor the slope and transmit the data generated by the fiber optic grating sensor to the computer device.

[0135] The computer equipment is used to execute the steps of the above-described landslide monitoring and early warning method.

[0136] In this embodiment, the landslide monitoring and early warning system further includes a modulation device for the data generated by the fiber Bragg grating sensor installed in the anchor bolt, used to demodulate the wavelength data generated by the fiber Bragg grating sensor installed in the anchor bolt.

[0137] This invention provides a landslide monitoring and early warning system that determines the three-dimensional coordinates of anchor bolts in three-dimensional space based on their spatial layout information, and establishes a three-dimensional region of the slope based on these coordinates. It then determines the three-dimensional deformation data of the anchor bolts along their length using wavelength data generated by fiber optic grating sensors installed within the anchor bolts. Based on this data, it identifies the deformation poles of the anchor bolts and divides the three-dimensional region of the slope into several layers from top to bottom. For each layer, it acquires the three-dimensional deformation data of the anchor bolts at that layer based on their length, calculates the slip vector at any location within that layer, and determines the slip probability of each layer based on the slip vector and the corresponding geological information. Finally, it identifies the landslide area based on the slip probability of each layer and analyzes and evaluates the landslide area to obtain a risk level, enabling corresponding early warning operations based on the risk level. This approach divides the three-dimensional slope region into several layers from top to bottom based on the three-dimensional deformation data of all anchor bolts. It then determines the slip vector at any location within each layer, thereby calculating the slip probability for each layer and enabling overall slope monitoring and early warning. This method not only targets the area where the anchor bolts are located but also simulates slippage in other areas using the anchor bolt's three-dimensional deformation data, overcoming the limitation of monitoring area.

[0138] Figure 4 An internal structural diagram of a computer device in one embodiment is shown. Figure 4As shown, the computer device includes a processor, memory, network interface, input device, and display screen connected via a system bus. The memory includes a non-volatile storage medium and internal memory. The non-volatile storage medium stores an operating system and may also store a computer program. When executed by the processor, this computer program enables the processor to implement the landslide monitoring and early warning method provided in this embodiment of the invention. The internal memory may also store a computer program, which, when executed by the processor, enables the processor to execute the landslide monitoring and early warning method provided in this embodiment of the invention. The display screen of the computer device can be a liquid crystal display screen or an e-ink display screen. The input device of the computer device can be a touch layer covering the display screen, or buttons, a trackball, or a touchpad mounted on the casing of the computer device, or an external keyboard, touchpad, or mouse, etc.

[0139] Those skilled in the art will understand that Figure 4 The structure shown is merely a block diagram of a portion of the structure related to the present invention and does not constitute a limitation on the computer device to which the present invention is applied. A specific computer device may include more or fewer components than those shown in the figure, or combine certain components, or have different component arrangements.

[0140] In one embodiment, the landslide monitoring and early warning device provided by this invention can be implemented as a computer program, which can be implemented in the form of, for example... Figure 4 The computer device shown runs on this device. The computer device's memory can store the various program modules that make up the landslide monitoring and early warning system, for example... Figure 2 The diagram shows modules for establishing a three-dimensional region, determining three-dimensional data, dividing the three-dimensional region, determining the slip vector, and determining the risk level. These modules constitute a computer program that enables a processor to execute the steps of a landslide monitoring and early warning method according to various embodiments of the present invention described in this specification.

[0141] For example, Figure 4 The computer equipment shown can be used as follows Figure 2 The landslide monitoring and early warning device shown executes step S101 through the three-dimensional region establishment module; step S102 through the three-dimensional data determination module; step S103 through the three-dimensional region division module; step S104 through the slip vector determination module; and step S105 through the risk level determination module.

[0142] In one embodiment, a computer device is provided, the computer device including a memory, a processor, and a computer program stored in the memory and executable on the processor, wherein the processor, when executing the computer program, performs the following steps:

[0143] S101, determine the three-dimensional coordinates of the anchor bolts in three-dimensional space based on the spatial layout information of the anchor bolts, and establish a three-dimensional region of the slope based on the three-dimensional coordinates of the anchor bolts;

[0144] S102, determine the three-dimensional deformation data of the anchor rod along its length direction based on the wavelength data generated by the fiber optic grating sensor installed in the anchor rod;

[0145] S103, determine the deformation pole of the anchor rod based on the three-dimensional deformation data of the anchor rod along its length, and divide the three-dimensional region of the slope into several layers from top to bottom based on the deformation pole of the anchor rod.

[0146] S104, For each layer, obtain the three-dimensional deformation data of the anchor rod in that layer based on the three-dimensional deformation data of the anchor rod along its length, and calculate the slip vector at any position in that layer based on the three-dimensional deformation data of the anchor rod in that layer.

[0147] S105. Based on the slip vector at any location in each stratum and the geological information corresponding to the stratum, the slip probability of each stratum is determined. Based on the slip probability of each stratum, the slip body area is determined, and the slip body area is analyzed and evaluated to obtain the risk level. Based on the risk level, the corresponding early warning operation is carried out.

[0148] In one embodiment, a computer-readable storage medium is provided, on which a computer program is stored, which, when executed by a processor, causes the processor to perform the following steps:

[0149] S101, determine the three-dimensional coordinates of the anchor bolts in three-dimensional space based on the spatial layout information of the anchor bolts, and establish a three-dimensional region of the slope based on the three-dimensional coordinates of the anchor bolts;

[0150] S102, determine the three-dimensional deformation data of the anchor rod along its length direction based on the wavelength data generated by the fiber optic grating sensor installed in the anchor rod;

[0151] S103, determine the deformation pole of the anchor rod based on the three-dimensional deformation data of the anchor rod along its length, and divide the three-dimensional region of the slope into several layers from top to bottom based on the deformation pole of the anchor rod.

[0152] S104, For each layer, obtain the three-dimensional deformation data of the anchor rod in that layer based on the three-dimensional deformation data of the anchor rod along its length, and calculate the slip vector at any position in that layer based on the three-dimensional deformation data of the anchor rod in that layer.

[0153] S105. Based on the slip vector at any location in each stratum and the geological information corresponding to the stratum, the slip probability of each stratum is determined. Based on the slip probability of each stratum, the slip body area is determined, and the slip body area is analyzed and evaluated to obtain the risk level. Based on the risk level, the corresponding early warning operation is carried out.

[0154] It should be understood that although the steps in the flowcharts of the various embodiments of the present invention are shown sequentially according to the arrows, these steps are not necessarily executed in the order indicated by the arrows. Unless explicitly stated herein, there is no strict order restriction on the execution of these steps, and they can be executed in other orders. Moreover, at least some steps in the various embodiments may include multiple sub-steps or multiple stages. These sub-steps or stages are not necessarily completed at the same time, but can be executed at different times. The execution order of these sub-steps or stages is not necessarily sequential, but can be performed alternately or in turn with other steps or at least a portion of the sub-steps or stages of other steps.

[0155] Those skilled in the art will understand that all or part of the processes in the methods of the above embodiments can be implemented by a computer program instructing related hardware. The program can be stored in a non-volatile computer-readable storage medium, and when executed, it can include the processes of the embodiments of the above methods. Any references to memory, storage, databases, or other media used in the embodiments provided by this invention can include non-volatile and / or volatile memory. Non-volatile memory can include read-only memory (ROM), programmable ROM (PROM), electrically programmable ROM (EPROM), electrically erasable programmable ROM (EEPROM), or flash memory. Volatile memory can include random access memory (RAM) or external cache memory. By way of illustration and not limitation, RAM is available in various forms, such as static RAM (SRAM), dynamic RAM (DRAM), synchronous DRAM (SDRAM), dual data rate SDRAM (DDRSDRAM), enhanced SDRAM (ESDRAM), synchronous link DRAM (SLDRAM), Rambus direct RAM (RDRAM), direct memory bus dynamic RAM (DRDRAM), and memory bus dynamic RAM (RDRAM), etc.

[0156] The technical features of the above embodiments can be combined in any way. For the sake of brevity, not all possible combinations of the technical features in the above embodiments are described. However, as long as there is no contradiction in the combination of these technical features, they should be considered to be within the scope of this specification.

[0157] The embodiments described above are merely examples of several implementations of the present invention, and while the descriptions are relatively specific and detailed, they should not be construed as limiting the scope of the present invention. It should be noted that those skilled in the art can make various modifications and improvements without departing from the concept of the present invention, and these modifications and improvements all fall within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A landslide monitoring and early warning method, characterized in that, The landslide monitoring and early warning method includes: S101, determine the three-dimensional coordinates of the anchor bolts in three-dimensional space based on the spatial layout information of the anchor bolts, and establish a three-dimensional region of the slope based on the three-dimensional coordinates of the anchor bolts; S102, determine the three-dimensional deformation data of the anchor rod along its length direction based on the wavelength data generated by the fiber optic grating sensor installed in the anchor rod; S103, determine the deformation pole of the anchor rod based on the three-dimensional deformation data of the anchor rod along its length, and divide the three-dimensional region of the slope into several layers from top to bottom based on the deformation pole of the anchor rod. S104, For each layer, obtain the three-dimensional deformation data of the anchor rod in that layer based on the three-dimensional deformation data of the anchor rod along its length, and calculate the slip vector at any position in that layer based on the three-dimensional deformation data of the anchor rod in that layer. S105. Based on the slip vector at any location of each layer and the geological information corresponding to the layer, the slip probability of each layer is determined. Based on the slip probability of each layer, the slip body area is determined and the slip body area is analyzed and evaluated to obtain the risk level. Based on the risk level, the corresponding early warning operation is carried out. The method of dividing the three-dimensional region of the slope from top to bottom into several layers based on the deformation pole of the anchor bolt also includes: For each anchor rod, determine whether the number of deformation poles of the anchor rod is greater than the first preset number. If so, sort the deformation poles of the anchor rod in descending order of the deformation modulus corresponding to the deformation poles, and exclude the deformation poles that are not at the top of the sorted order, so that the number of deformation poles of the anchor rod is equal to the first preset number. If not, determine whether the number of deformation poles of the anchor rod is equal to the first preset number. If the number of deformation poles of the anchor bolt is not equal to the first preset number, then the anchor bolt is divided into several first sub-anchor bolts according to the deformation poles of the anchor bolt. On the longest first sub-anchor bolt, according to... The second sub-anchor is divided into several segments, and the intersection of adjacent second sub-anchors is recorded as the deformation pole of the anchor. For each anchor bolt, sort the deformation poles of that anchor bolt from top to bottom; Among all the deformation poles of the anchor rods, those with the same index are recorded as coarse division points with the same index. The stratigraphic boundary between two coarse strata is fitted based on the coarse strata with the same serial number to distinguish between two different coarse strata. Each coarse layer is further subdivided to obtain several subdivided layers, thus obtaining several layers. Where l is the length of the longest first sub-anchor, n0 is the first preset quantity, and n i Let i be the number of deformation poles of the i-th anchor rod, where i is the anchor rod number. The process of subdividing each coarse layer into several subdivided layers to obtain several layers includes: S601, For each coarse layer section, determine the third sub-anchor of each anchor in that coarse layer section; S602, for each third sub-anchor in the coarse layer, obtain the three-dimensional deformation data corresponding to the top point and the three-dimensional deformation data corresponding to the bottom point of the third sub-anchor. The change in the third sub-anchor rod, D, is obtained; S603, by The unit change d of the third sub-anchor is obtained; S604, determine whether the unit change d of the third sub-anchor is 0. If it is, divide the third sub-anchor equally according to the second preset quantity to obtain the fourth sub-anchor. If not, divide the third sub-anchor according to the unit change d of the third sub-anchor to obtain the fourth sub-anchor with the same change. S605, the intersection point of the adjacent fourth sub-anchor is recorded as the characteristic point of the third sub-anchor; S606, Determine the minimum value c of the number of feature points of the third sub-anchor in the coarse layer; S607, For each third sub-anchor in the coarse layer, determine whether the number of feature points of the third sub-anchor is equal to the minimum value c. If not, select the two feature points of the third sub-anchor that are closest to each other, record the midpoint of the two closest feature points as the new feature point and cancel the marking of the two closest feature points. S608, repeat S607 until the number of feature points of the third sub-anchor is equal to the minimum value c, and sort the feature points of the third sub-anchor from top to bottom; S609, all feature points with the same index among the feature points of the third sub-anchor in the coarse layer are recorded as sub-sub-points with the same index; S610, fit the subdivision boundary between two subdivision layers based on the subdivision points with the same serial number to distinguish two different subdivision layers; Among them, y a The deformation modulus corresponding to the bottom point of the third sub-anchor, y b Let m be the deformation modulus corresponding to the top point of the third sub-anchor, m be the unit length, and L be the length of the third sub-anchor.

2. The landslide monitoring and early warning method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The process of determining the three-dimensional coordinates of the anchors in three-dimensional space based on their spatial layout information, and establishing a three-dimensional region of the slope based on these anchor coordinates, includes: The length of the anchor bolts, the angle between the anchor bolts and the horizontal plane, and the spatial relative positions between the midpoints of different anchor bolts are obtained from the spatial layout information of the anchor bolts. For each anchor bolt, the three-dimensional coordinates of the anchor bolt are determined in three-dimensional space based on the anchor bolt's length, the angle between the anchor bolt and the horizontal plane, and the spatial relative position of the anchor bolt to the midpoints of other anchor bolts. Obtain the ordinate of the bottom point and the ordinate of the top point of the anchor rod in the three-dimensional coordinate system; Depend on The distribution points of the bottom boundary of the slope are obtained, and the bottom boundary of the slope is fitted based on the distribution points of the bottom boundary of the slope. Depend on The distribution points of the top boundary of the slope are obtained, and the top boundary of the slope is fitted based on the distribution points of the top boundary of the slope. The perimeter of the slope is determined based on the x and y coordinates of all anchors so that all anchors are within the perimeter of the slope. Establish a three-dimensional region of the slope in three-dimensional space based on the bottom boundary, top boundary, and four sides of the slope. Where i is the anchor bolt number, z_bot i Let z_top be the vertical coordinate of the bottom point of the i-th anchor rod. i Let be the vertical coordinate of the top point of the i-th anchor rod, a be the first preset distance, and b be the second preset distance.

3. The landslide monitoring and early warning method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The process of determining the three-dimensional deformation data of the anchor bolt along its length direction based on wavelength data generated by a fiber optic grating sensor installed inside the anchor bolt includes: Demodulate the wavelength data generated by the fiber Bragg grating sensor installed inside the anchor bolt; After calculating the wavelength difference based on the demodulated wavelength data, curvature conversion is performed. Based on the curvature transformation result, curvature interpolation is performed along the anchor bolt length direction; The shape of the fiber grating sensor arrangement along the length of the anchor rod is restored based on the interpolated curvature. The shape-restored fiber grating sensor arrangement along the length of the anchor rod is then fitted with coordinates and fused with the three-dimensional coordinates of the anchor rod. The fused three-dimensional coordinates are then used as the three-dimensional deformation data of the anchor rod along its length.

4. The landslide monitoring and early warning method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The process of determining the deformation poles of the anchor rod based on its three-dimensional deformation data along its length includes: For each anchor bolt, by The deformation modulus of the anchor rod along its length is obtained and mapped onto a two-dimensional coordinate system. For each abscissa point in a two-dimensional coordinate system, by Obtain the slope of the x-coordinate point; Determine whether the slope of the previous horizontal coordinate point and the slope of the next horizontal coordinate point are consistent in sign. If not, record the unit point corresponding to the horizontal coordinate point on the anchor rod as the deformation pole of the anchor rod corresponding to the change curve. Where i is the anchor bolt number, j is the anchor bolt's unit point number along its length, and x... ij Let y be the x-coordinate value of the j-th unit point in the three-dimensional deformation data of the i-th anchor bolt. ij Let z be the ordinate value of the j-th unit point in the three-dimensional deformation data of the i-th anchor bolt. ij X is the vertical coordinate value of the j-th unit point in the three-dimensional deformation data of the i-th anchor rod. ij Y is the x-coordinate of the j-th unit point on the i-th anchor rod. ij Let be the deformation modulus corresponding to the x-coordinate of the j-th unit point on the i-th anchor rod.

5. The landslide monitoring and early warning method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The calculation of the slip vector at any position in the stratum based on the three-dimensional deformation data of the anchor bolt includes: Obtain the coarse division points of all anchor bolts throughout the slope, by Obtain the vector sum of the slope and D v ; Depend on Obtain the unit vector D of the main sliding direction. h ; Record the coarse and fine division points of all anchor bolts at this layer as data points; For any position in this layer, by Obtain the unit vector D of this position in the main sliding direction. h The slip vector on; Where i is the anchor bolt number, Let k be the measurement accuracy weight for the i-th anchor rod, and k be the index of the coarse division point. Let I be the 3D deformation data corresponding to the k-th coarse-division point on the i-th anchor bolt, where I is the index of the data point. Let r be the 3D deformation data corresponding to the i-th data point. I p represents the horizontal distance from the point to the i-th data point, where p is the exponent. This is the residual interpolation term.

6. The landslide monitoring and early warning method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The process involves determining the slip probability of each stratum based on the slip vector at any location within each stratum and the corresponding geological information; identifying the landslide area based on the slip probability of each stratum; analyzing and evaluating the landslide area to obtain a risk level; and then implementing corresponding early warning operations based on the risk level. This includes: For each level, by The average slip g of this layer is obtained; Obtain the anti-sliding force threshold of the corresponding geological layer. The average dip angle of this layer and the average density of that layer ; Depend on Obtain the sliding probability P of this layer; Determine whether the sliding probability of this layer is greater than the preset probability. If so, this layer is determined to be a sliding body region. Determine if a sliding zone exists; if not, identify the layer with the highest probability of sliding as the sliding zone. Depend on A warning value was obtained; Determine the risk level based on the warning value and perform the corresponding warning actions for the risk level; Where K is the position number of that layer, and N is the number of positions in that layer. Let K be the slip vector at the Kth position of this layer. This is the soil strength weighting coefficient. This is the slope weighting coefficient. P is the density weighting coefficient. max M1 represents the slip probability of the layer with the highest slip probability, M2 represents the number of layers that determine the slip region, and M2 represents the total number of layers. This is the layer weighting coefficient.

7. A landslide monitoring and early warning device based on the landslide monitoring and early warning method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The landslide monitoring and early warning device includes: A three-dimensional region module is established to determine the three-dimensional coordinates of the anchor bolts in three-dimensional space based on the spatial layout information of the anchor bolts, and to establish a three-dimensional region of the slope based on the three-dimensional coordinates of the anchor bolts. The three-dimensional data module is used to determine the three-dimensional deformation data of the anchor rod along its length direction based on the wavelength data generated by the fiber optic grating sensor installed in the anchor rod. The three-dimensional region division module is used to determine the deformation pole of the anchor rod based on the three-dimensional deformation data of the anchor rod along its length direction, and to divide the three-dimensional region of the slope into several layers from top to bottom based on the deformation pole of the anchor rod. The slip vector determination module is used to obtain the three-dimensional deformation data of the anchor rod at each layer based on the three-dimensional deformation data of the anchor rod along its length, and to calculate the slip vector at any position at that layer based on the three-dimensional deformation data of the anchor rod at that layer. The risk level determination module is used to determine the slip probability of each layer based on the slip vector at any location of each layer and the geological information corresponding to the layer. Based on the slip probability of each layer, the sliding body area is determined and the sliding body area is analyzed and evaluated to obtain the risk level, so as to carry out the corresponding early warning operation according to the risk level.

8. A landslide monitoring and early warning system, characterized in that, The landslide monitoring and early warning system includes: several anchor rods equipped with fiber optic grating sensors and computer equipment; The anchor bolt is communicatively connected to the computer device and is used to monitor the slope and transmit the data generated by the fiber optic grating sensor to the computer device. The computer device is used to perform the steps of the landslide monitoring and early warning method according to any one of claims 1 to 6.

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