Pier compactness nondestructive testing device and method based on sound wave vibration

Abstract

The invention discloses a nondestructive testing device and method for the compactness of a pier based on sound wave vibration, and the device comprises a first annular track which comprises a plurality of spliced inner tracks and sleeves a concrete pier column; the second annular track comprises a plurality of spliced outer tracks, the diameter of the second annular track is larger than that of the first annular track, and fixing assemblies are arranged between the spliced inner tracks and the spliced outer tracks; a plurality of groups of crab walking mechanisms are mounted on the spliced outer track through deformable fixing assemblies; the ultrasonic detection system is mounted on the inner side of the spliced inner track; the visual detection systems are respectively mounted on the spliced outer track; and the ultrasonic detection system and the visual detection system are connected with the terminal system. According to the invention, surface defects can be captured, the internal compactness problem can be detected, and omnibearing detection of the internal and external states of the pier is realized.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of bridge detection, and in particular to a non-destructive detection device and method for the compactness of bridge piers based on acoustic wave vibration. Background Art

[0002] During daily use, concrete bridge piers are exposed to complex environmental conditions such as corrosive media, freeze-thaw cycles, traffic loads, and material aging. These conditions can easily lead to density degradation, such as increased internal porosity and weakened aggregate-paste interfaces, threatening the safety and service life of bridges. While traditional manual inspection methods can detect these potential problems to a certain extent, they require significant manpower and material resources and pose significant safety risks. This is especially true when inspecting at high altitudes or in hard-to-reach areas, resulting in low efficiency and limited accuracy, which can even interfere with the normal operation of bridges.

[0003] Based on the above technical problems, the present invention provides a non-destructive testing device and method for the compactness of bridge piers based on acoustic vibration. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a non-destructive testing device and method for the compactness of bridge piers based on acoustic vibration, so as to solve the problems existing in the prior art.

[0005] To achieve the above-mentioned purpose, the present invention provides the following solution: The present invention provides a non-destructive testing device for the compactness of bridge piers based on acoustic vibration, comprising:

[0006] a first annular track, the first annular track comprising a plurality of spliced ​​inner tracks, wherein a plurality of groups of the spliced ​​inner tracks are connected end to end to form an annular structure, and the first annular track is sleeved on a concrete pier;

[0007] a second annular track, the second annular track comprising a plurality of spliced ​​outer tracks, wherein the plurality of spliced ​​outer tracks are connected end to end to form an annular structure, the second annular track having a diameter greater than that of the first annular track and being coaxially arranged with the first annular track, and a fixing assembly being provided between the spliced ​​inner track and the spliced ​​outer track;

[0008] A crab mechanism, wherein a plurality of crab mechanisms are installed on the spliced ​​outer rail via a deformable fixing assembly, and the plurality of crab mechanisms are respectively installed on the spliced ​​outer rail;

[0009] An ultrasonic detection system, the ultrasonic detection system being installed on the inner side of the spliced ​​inner track and arranged corresponding to the concrete pier;

[0010] A visual detection system, each of which is installed on the spliced ​​outer rails;

[0011] The terminal system is connected to the ultrasonic detection system and the visual detection system.

[0012] According to the nondestructive testing device for the compactness of bridge piers based on acoustic vibration provided by the present invention, the spliced ​​inner track comprises a plurality of inner track casings which are sequentially sleeved;

[0013] The cross-section of the inner track sleeve is a circular structure;

[0014] The inner track sleeve has an arc-shaped structure, and the centers of the corresponding arcs of the inner track sleeves are concentric;

[0015] The inner side surfaces of the inner rail sleeve are respectively provided with arc grooves along the arc surface;

[0016] Wherein, the inner rail sleeve at the head end and the inner rail sleeve at the tail end of the adjacent spliced ​​inner rail are plugged in and fixed by a connecting component.

[0017] According to the nondestructive testing device for the compactness of bridge piers based on acoustic vibration provided by the present invention, the spliced ​​outer track comprises a plurality of outer track casings that are sequentially sleeved;

[0018] The cross-section of the outer track sleeve is a circular structure;

[0019] The outer track sleeve has an arc-shaped structure, and the centers of the corresponding arcs of the outer track sleeves are concentric;

[0020] The outer side surfaces of the outer rail sleeve are respectively provided with arc grooves along the arc surface;

[0021] The outer rail sleeve at the head end and the outer rail sleeve at the tail end of the adjacent spliced ​​inner rail are plugged in and fixed by the connecting assembly, and the inner rail sleeve and the outer rail sleeve are fixed by the fixing assembly.

[0022] According to the nondestructive testing device for bridge pier compactness based on acoustic vibration provided by the present invention, the connection assembly includes:

[0023] A support sleeve, the support sleeve is fixed to the end of the inner track sleeve at the head end and the end of the outer track sleeve, and the inner diameter of the support sleeve matches the outer diameter of the inner track sleeve and the outer track sleeve at the tail end respectively;

[0024] Fixing bolts are used to fix the inner rail sleeves at the head end and the tail end of the adjacent spliced ​​inner rails, and the outer rail sleeves at the head end and the tail end of the adjacent spliced ​​outer rails respectively.

[0025] According to the nondestructive testing device for the compactness of bridge piers based on acoustic vibration provided by the present invention, the fixing assembly includes:

[0026] A connecting plate, the connecting plate being fixedly connected to the inner wall of the outer track sleeve;

[0027] A connecting block is used to fix the outer wall of the inner track sleeve and the connecting plate.

[0028] According to the nondestructive testing device for bridge pier compactness based on acoustic vibration provided by the present invention, the crab mechanism includes:

[0029] A mounting seat, wherein an adjusting screw is threadedly connected to the center of the mounting seat, and a vacuum suction cup is installed at one end of the adjusting screw;

[0030] The legs are arranged in a plurality of groups with equal spacing in the circumferential direction on the mounting base, and the legs include a support base and a rotating base. The support base is fixed to the mounting base, and the rotating base is rotatably connected to the top of the support base. The rotating base is fixed with a universal wheel;

[0031] The adjuster includes a mounting plate, the mounting plate is arranged on the other side of the mounting seat and is arranged directly opposite to the mounting seat, a plurality of adjusting rods are fixed on the mounting plate at equal intervals in the circumferential direction, the adjusting rods pass through the mounting seat and are slidably connected to the mounting seat, the adjusting rods are arranged parallel to the axis of the mounting seat, the top end of the adjusting rod is rotatably connected to a connecting plate, and the other end of the connecting plate is rotatably connected to the mounting seat;

[0032] Wherein, the top end of the adjusting screw is rotatably connected to the center position of the mounting plate.

[0033] According to the nondestructive testing device for the compactness of bridge piers based on acoustic vibration provided by the present invention, the ultrasonic detection system includes:

[0034] a mounting bracket, the mounting bracket being mounted in the arc-shaped groove on the inner side of the inner rail sleeve;

[0035] an ultrasonic vibrator, the ultrasonic vibrator being mounted on the mounting frame and in contact with the concrete pier;

[0036] An ultrasonic receiver is mounted on the mounting frame.

[0037] According to the nondestructive testing device for bridge pier density based on acoustic vibration provided by the present invention, the visual detection system includes:

[0038] A high-definition camera, mounted on the outer wall of the outer track sleeve;

[0039] A rotary scanner is mounted on the inner wall of the inner track casing.

[0040] The non-destructive testing method for bridge pier density based on acoustic vibration includes the following steps:

[0041] Step 1: On-site pretreatment and investigation;

[0042] Conduct on-site surveys of the bridge pier inspection area, record the diameter, height, and surface condition of the concrete piers, and measure the verticality of the pier axis to provide benchmark data for track installation;

[0043] Clean the debris on the pier surface and polish the sharp parts to ensure that the surface flatness meets the detection requirements of the ultrasonic detection system;

[0044] Check the testing environment to confirm that there are no strong electromagnetic interference or severe vibration factors that may affect equipment operation. If there are interference sources, take shielding or avoidance measures;

[0045] Step 2: Install the first annular track and the second annular track;

[0046] Select appropriate spliced ​​inner track modules according to the diameter of the pier column, connect several sets of spliced ​​inner track modules end to end to form a first ring track that matches the diameter of the pier column; and install it at the starting position of the preset detection height of the concrete pier column;

[0047] Splicing to form a second circular track with a diameter larger than the first circular track; connecting the second circular track to the first circular track through a fixing assembly, adjusting the coaxiality of the two, and tightening the fixing assembly so that the two tracks form a stable detection frame;

[0048] Step 3: Check component installation and connection;

[0049] The crab mechanism is mounted on the spliced ​​outer track of the second annular track through a deformable fixing component, and several groups are evenly arranged according to the detection range;

[0050] Install the ultrasonic detection system on the inner side of the spliced ​​inner track of the first circular track, keep the detection probe at a preset distance from the surface of the concrete pier, and make fine adjustments to ensure that the probe is parallel to the pier surface, covering the detection area in the circumferential direction of the track;

[0051] Install a visual detection system on the spliced ​​outer track of the second loop track, and adjust the camera angle so that its shooting range covers the pier surface and track operation area corresponding to the ultrasonic detection system to ensure that the surface conditions and equipment operating status can be clearly recorded;

[0052] Connect the ultrasonic detection system, visual detection system, and crab mechanism to the terminal system through data transmission lines to complete the connection between the hardware circuit and the software system;

[0053] Step 4: Equipment debugging and parameter calibration;

[0054] Start the terminal system, run the detection control software, and check whether the transmitting module and receiving module of the ultrasonic detection system are working properly;

[0055] Debug the visual detection system and calibrate the lens focal length and resolution to ensure clear identification of cracks or defects on the pier surface;

[0056] Test the operating status of the crab mechanism to ensure that it can be quickly fixed or moved according to testing requirements;

[0057] Step 5: Preliminary visual scanning and inspection area planning;

[0058] Control the crab mechanism's second circular track to perform a circumferential scan, then slowly raise or lower the double track to perform comprehensive visual imaging of the entire pier inspection range and generate a three-dimensional contour map of the pier column surface;

[0059] The terminal system analyzes visual images, automatically identifies obvious surface defects, marks key areas with suspected density issues, and plans the key paths and densities for ultrasonic testing based on the pier design drawings.

[0060] Step six, ultrasonic density testing;

[0061] Based on the planned detection path, the first and second circular tracks are controlled to move synchronously along the axial direction of the pier. At the same time, the crab mechanism adjusts the position of the outer track to drive the ultrasonic detection system of the inner track to perform circumferential scanning.

[0062] The ultrasonic detection system transmits sound wave signals to the pier column and receives echo signals reflected and refracted by the concrete. The terminal system records parameters such as sound wave propagation time, amplitude attenuation coefficient, and waveform distortion in real time.

[0063] Multi-angle inspections are performed on key areas. The ultrasonic probe's tilt angle is adjusted through a deformable fixed component, and sound waves are emitted from different directions to obtain multi-dimensional sound wave data of defective areas, reducing detection blind spots. During the inspection process, the visual detection system simultaneously records the fit between the probe and the pier surface. If there is a signal abnormality caused by probe deviation or surface unevenness, the terminal system automatically alarms and prompts the user to adjust the equipment position.

[0064] Step 7: Data review and supplementary testing;

[0065] The terminal system performs a preliminary analysis of the collected ultrasonic data, screens out areas with abnormal acoustic parameters, and marks them as suspected density defect areas;

[0066] The control equipment returns to the suspected defect area, adjusts the ultrasonic detection system's transmission power, frequency and other parameters, and conducts a secondary inspection to obtain more accurate acoustic wave data;

[0067] Combined with images of defective areas captured by the visual detection system, the correlation between ultrasonic data and surface features is verified to eliminate signal errors caused by surface unevenness;

[0068] Step 8: Data processing and defect identification;

[0069] The terminal system processes all detection data, filters and removes noise from ultrasonic signals, calculates parameters such as concrete wave velocity and dynamic elastic modulus at different locations, and generates a cloud map of acoustic wave parameter distribution;

[0070] Combined with the surface defect information of visual images, a correlation model is established, and the type of density defect is identified through algorithms to determine the three-dimensional coordinates and size of the defect;

[0071] Classify defect areas and assess the impact of defects on the structural safety of piers;

[0072] Step nine: Equipment disassembly and test report generation;

[0073] After the inspection is completed, disassemble the visual detection system, ultrasonic detection system, and crab mechanism in sequence, loosen the fixing components, separate the second ring track from the first ring track, and clean the dust and concrete debris on the surface of the equipment;

[0074] Organize inspection data, defect images, parameter analysis results, and generate inspection reports.

[0075] The present invention discloses the following technical effects:

[0076] 1) This invention utilizes coaxially arranged first and second circular tracks, coupled with a crab-like mechanism that moves along the tracks. This enables the ultrasonic detection system to perform circumferential scanning of the bridge piers. Axial movement of the tracks also covers areas at different heights, eliminating the blind spots associated with traditional manual inspections. The visual and ultrasonic detection systems work in tandem to detect both surface defects and internal compactness issues, enabling comprehensive inspection of the internal and external conditions of the bridge piers.

[0077] 2) The spliced ​​track forms a stable frame with fixed components, ensuring that the ultrasonic detection system maintains a constant distance and perpendicularity to the pier surface, reducing signal errors caused by equipment shaking. The deformable fixed components allow the crab-like mechanism to flexibly adjust its position, enabling the probe to collect data from multiple angles. This improves the accuracy of defect identification through cross-validation of multi-dimensional acoustic wave parameters (such as propagation time and amplitude attenuation). The terminal system's real-time data processing and secondary verification mechanism further reduce the rate of false positives.

[0078] 3) The spliced ​​inner and outer tracks can be flexibly combined based on the diameter of the bridge pier, adapting to concrete piers of varying sizes. Temporary fixings and an adjustable structure simplify the track installation process, reducing reliance on on-site construction conditions. The crab-like mechanism's integrated design of movement and fixation reduces equipment disassembly and assembly, improving the continuity of the inspection process, making it particularly suitable for bridge pier inspections at high altitudes or in complex environments.

[0079] 4) The device utilizes ultrasonic and visual detection technologies for non-contact testing, avoiding damage to the pier structure caused by traditional core sampling and protecting the integrity of the original structure. During the testing process, personnel are not required to directly access high-risk areas of the pier. Remote control of the equipment via a terminal system reduces operational risks and complies with safety regulations.

[0080] 5) The terminal system integrates ultrasonic and visual data, analyzes defect characteristics through correlation models, and automatically generates a 3D distribution map and grade assessment results, eliminating the tedious steps of manual data integration. The inspection report includes defect location, size, and safety impact assessment, providing an accurate basis for formulating pier maintenance plans and shortening the cycle from inspection to decision-making. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0081] In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the following briefly introduces the drawings required for use in the embodiments. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without paying any creative work.

[0082] Figure 1 Schematic diagram of the structure of the non-destructive testing device for the compactness of bridge piers based on acoustic vibration according to the present invention;

[0083] Figure 2 This is a schematic structural diagram of the spliced ​​inner track of the present invention;

[0084] Figure 3 This is a schematic structural diagram of the spliced ​​outer track of the present invention;

[0085] Figure 4 It is a structural schematic diagram of the crab walking mechanism of the present invention.

[0086] Among them, 1. first circular track; 2. second circular track; 3. crab-like mechanism; 4. ultrasonic detection system; 5. visual detection system;

[0087] 101. Inner track sleeve; 102. Connecting plate; 103. Connecting block; 104. Arc groove;

[0088] 201, outer track casing;

[0089] 301, mounting base; 302, adjusting screw; 303, vacuum suction cup; 304, supporting base; 305, rotating base; 306, universal wheel; 307, mounting plate; 308, adjusting rod; 309, connecting plate;

[0090] 401. Mounting frame; 402. Ultrasonic vibrator;

[0091] 501. High-definition camera; 502. Rotary scanner. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0092] The following will clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without making creative efforts are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0093] In order to make the above-mentioned objects, features and advantages of the present invention more obvious and easy to understand, the present invention is further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.

[0094] Reference Figure 1-4 The present invention provides a nondestructive testing device for the compactness of bridge piers based on acoustic vibration, comprising:

[0095] A first circular track 1, comprising a plurality of spliced ​​inner tracks, wherein the plurality of spliced ​​inner tracks are connected end to end to form a circular structure, and the first circular track 1 is sleeved on a concrete pier;

[0096] The second annular track 2 includes a plurality of spliced ​​outer tracks, and the plurality of spliced ​​outer tracks are connected end to end to form an annular structure. The diameter of the second annular track 2 is larger than that of the first annular track 1, and the second annular track 2 is coaxially arranged with the first annular track 1. A fixing assembly is provided between the spliced ​​inner tracks and the spliced ​​outer tracks;

[0097] Crab walking mechanism 3, the crab walking mechanism 3 is installed in several groups on the spliced ​​outer track through a deformable fixing component, and several groups of crab walking mechanisms 3 are respectively installed on the spliced ​​outer track;

[0098] Ultrasonic detection system 4, which is installed on the inner side of the spliced ​​inner track and arranged corresponding to the concrete pier;

[0099] The visual detection system 5 is respectively installed on the spliced ​​outer track;

[0100] The terminal system, the ultrasonic detection system 4 and the visual detection system 5 are all connected to the terminal system.

[0101] Further optimizing the solution, the spliced ​​inner track includes several sections of inner track sleeves 101 that are sequentially sleeved;

[0102] The cross-sectional shape of the inner track sleeve 101 is a circular structure;

[0103] The inner track sleeve 101 has an arc-shaped structure, and the centers of the corresponding arcs of the inner track sleeves 101 are concentric;

[0104] The inner side surface of the inner rail sleeve 101 is provided with arc grooves 104 along the arc surface;

[0105] The inner rail sleeves 101 at the head end and the inner rail sleeves 101 at the tail end of adjacent spliced ​​inner rails are plugged into each other and fixed by a connecting assembly.

[0106] Further optimizing the solution, the spliced ​​outer track includes several sections of outer track sleeves 201 that are sequentially sleeved;

[0107] The cross-sectional shape of the outer track sleeve 201 is a circular structure;

[0108] The outer track sleeve 201 has an arc-shaped structure, and the centers of the corresponding arcs of the outer track sleeves 201 are concentric;

[0109] Arc grooves 104 are respectively formed along the arc surface on the outer side surface of the outer rail sleeve 201;

[0110] Among them, the outer track sleeve 201 at the head end and the outer track sleeve 201 at the tail end of the adjacent spliced ​​inner track are plugged in and fixed by a connecting component, and the inner track sleeve 101 and the outer track sleeve 201 are fixed by a fixing component.

[0111] The arc-shaped structures of the inner track casing 101 and the outer track casing 201 fit the circular contour of the bridge pier, and the rounded cross-section enhances its own rigidity, ensuring that the track is not easily deformed when subjected to stress;

[0112] Adjacent casings are quickly connected by "joining the first-end support sleeve with the tail-end casing". The inner diameter of the support sleeve matches the outer diameter of the tail-end casing to ensure the continuity of the track after splicing.

[0113] The fixing bolts pass through the reserved holes at the joints to rigidly fix the adjacent casings, avoiding relative displacement caused by vibration during the detection process. At the same time, it ensures the coaxiality of the inner and outer tracks and provides a stable motion reference for the detection system.

[0114] The arc groove 104 on the inner side of the inner track sleeve 101 provides an installation guide for the ultrasonic detection system 4, and the structure of the outer track sleeve 201 provides support for the crab mechanism 3 and the visual detection system 5, realizing the integrated layout of "track-equipment".

[0115] To further optimize the solution, the connection components include:

[0116] The support sleeve is fixed to the end of the inner track sleeve 101 at the head end and the end of the outer track sleeve 201. The inner diameter of the support sleeve matches the outer diameter of the inner track sleeve 101 and the outer track sleeve 201 at the tail end respectively;

[0117] Fixing bolts are used to fix the inner rail sleeves 101 at the head end and the tail end of adjacent spliced ​​inner rails, and the outer rail sleeves 201 at the head end and the tail end of adjacent spliced ​​outer rails.

[0118] The support sleeve is fixed to the end of the first end casing, and its inner wall is tightly fitted with the outer wall of the tail end casing to form a radial constraint to prevent radial deviation at the splicing point;

[0119] When the tail sleeve is inserted into the support sleeve, the fixing bolts pass through the corresponding screw holes of the support sleeve and the tail sleeve, eliminating the gap between the two through the axial locking force, thus achieving dual fixation in the circumferential and axial directions;

[0120] This design not only ensures the convenience of track splicing (no complex positioning tools are required), but also ensures the overall strength of the track ring through rigid connection, meeting the load-bearing requirements of the crab mechanism 3 when moving.

[0121] To further optimize the solution, the fixed components include:

[0122] A connecting plate 309 , the connecting plate 309 is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the outer track sleeve 201 ;

[0123] The outer wall of the inner rail sleeve 101 and the connecting plate 309 are fixedly connected via the connecting block 103 .

[0124] The connecting plate 309 is fixed to the inner wall of the outer track sleeve 201. One end of the connecting block 103 is connected to the outer wall of the inner track sleeve 101, and the other end is rigidly connected to the connecting plate 309, forming a force transmission path of "inner track-connecting block 103-connecting plate 309-outer track";

[0125] This connection method integrates the inner and outer rails into an overall frame, preventing relative displacement between the two due to external forces during the inspection process;

[0126] At the same time, the length of the connecting block 103 can be customized according to the diameter difference between the inner and outer rails, ensuring that a stable coaxial distance can be maintained when rails of different specifications are combined, thereby providing a guarantee for the relative position accuracy of the ultrasonic detection system 4 and the bridge pier.

[0127] Further optimization scheme, crab mechanism 3 includes:

[0128] A mounting base 301, the center of which is threadedly connected to an adjusting screw 302, one end of which is mounted a vacuum suction cup 303;

[0129] The legs are arranged in a plurality of groups with equal spacing on the mounting base 301. The legs include a support base 304 and a rotating base 305. The support base 304 is fixed on the mounting base 301. The rotating base 305 is rotatably connected to the top of the support base 304. A universal wheel 306 is fixed on the rotating base 305.

[0130] The regulator includes a mounting plate 307, which is arranged on the other side of the mounting base 301 and is arranged directly opposite the mounting base 301. A number of adjustment rods 308 are fixed to the mounting plate 307 at equal intervals in the circumferential direction. The adjustment rods 308 pass through the mounting base 301 and are slidably connected to the mounting base 301. The adjustment rods 308 are arranged parallel to the axis of the mounting base 301. The top end of the adjustment rod 308 is rotatably connected to a connecting plate 309, and the other end of the connecting plate 309 is rotatably connected to the mounting base 301.

[0131] The top end of the adjusting screw 302 is rotatably connected to the center position of the mounting plate 307 .

[0132] Rotate the adjusting screw 302 to push the vacuum suction cup 303 toward the inner wall of the outer track and tightly adhere to it. At the same time, the adjusting rod 308 of the adjuster contracts, driving the universal wheel 306 of the leg to leave the track surface, and the mounting base 301 is fixed to the outer track through the vacuum suction force;

[0133] Rotate the adjusting screw 302 in the opposite direction, the vacuum suction cup 303 will leave the track, and the adjusting rod 308 will extend to push the universal wheel 306 to contact the track surface. The rotating seat 305 of the support leg can automatically adjust the angle of the universal wheel 306 according to the arc of the track, so that the crab walking mechanism 3 can roll along the outer track in a circular direction.

[0134] The regulator's adjustment rod 308 is slidably connected to the mounting base 301, and in conjunction with the rotating structure of the connecting plate 309, it can compensate for slight fluctuations in the track surface, ensuring that the universal wheel 306 always fits the track and achieves smooth movement, while also driving the detection equipment on the mounting base 301 to accurately align. The universal wheel 306 is connected to the engine for output to achieve power output.

[0135] Further optimizing the solution, the ultrasonic detection system 4 includes:

[0136] A mounting frame 401, which is mounted in the arc-shaped groove 104 on the inner side of the inner rail sleeve 101;

[0137] Ultrasonic vibrator 402, which is mounted on mounting frame 401 and in contact with the concrete pier;

[0138] Ultrasonic receiver: The ultrasonic receiver is mounted on the mounting bracket 401 .

[0139] The mounting frame 401 is fixed in the arc-shaped groove 104 of the inner track sleeve 101, ensuring that the ultrasonic vibrator 402 is in close contact with the surface of the bridge pier (the arc-shaped groove 104 limits the radial displacement of the mounting frame 401);

[0140] The ultrasonic vibrator 402 transmits sound waves of a specific frequency to the bridge pier. The sound waves propagate inside the concrete. When encountering density defects such as cavities and looseness, part of the sound waves are reflected, and part of the sound waves change their propagation characteristics due to energy attenuation.

[0141] The ultrasonic receiver captures the reflected wave signal and records its propagation time, amplitude change and other parameters. These parameters are analyzed by the terminal system and converted into the basis for judging the defect location and density level.

[0142] The circumferential movement of the inner track enables the system to detect different circumferential positions of the bridge piers, while the axial movement covers different heights to achieve three-dimensional detection.

[0143] Further optimizing the scheme, the visual detection system 5 includes:

[0144] A high-definition camera 501 is mounted on the outer wall of the outer track sleeve 201;

[0145] The rotary scanner 502 is mounted on the inner wall of the inner track sleeve 101 .

[0146] High-definition camera 501 is installed on the outer wall of the outer track. It captures images of the pier surface as it moves circumferentially along the outer track, recording the location and shape of visible defects such as cracks, pitting, and exposed reinforcement.

[0147] The rotating scanner 502 is installed on the inner wall of the inner track. It transmits laser or infrared signals through 360° rotation to scan the surface contour of the pier and generate high-precision three-dimensional point cloud data to reflect the surface flatness and deformation.

[0148] The combination of the two data, on the one hand, provides a location reference for surface defects for ultrasonic detection (such as internal defects that may exist under the crack), and on the other hand, verifies the coaxiality of the track installation through contour data, ensuring the accuracy of the ultrasonic detection path and realizing the complementary verification of "visual-sound wave" data.

[0149] The non-destructive testing method for bridge pier density based on acoustic vibration includes the following steps:

[0150] Step 1: On-site pretreatment and investigation;

[0151] Conduct on-site surveys of the bridge pier inspection area, record the diameter, height, and surface condition of the concrete piers, and measure the verticality of the pier axis to provide benchmark data for track installation;

[0152] Clean the debris on the surface of the pier column and polish the sharp parts of the protrusion to ensure that the surface flatness meets the detection requirements of the ultrasonic detection system 4;

[0153] Check the testing environment to confirm that there are no strong electromagnetic interference or severe vibration factors that may affect equipment operation. If there are interference sources, take shielding or avoidance measures;

[0154] Step 2: Install the first circular track 1 and the second circular track 2;

[0155] Select appropriate spliced ​​inner track modules according to the diameter of the pier column, connect several sets of spliced ​​inner track modules end to end to form a first ring track 1 that matches the diameter of the pier column; and install it at the starting position of the preset detection height of the concrete pier column;

[0156] Splice to form a second circular track 2 with a larger diameter than the first circular track 1; connect the second circular track 2 to the first circular track 1 through a fixing assembly, adjust the coaxiality of the two, and tighten the fixing assembly to form a stable detection frame for the double tracks;

[0157] Step 3: Check component installation and connection;

[0158] The crab mechanism 3 is mounted on the spliced ​​outer track of the second annular track 2 through a deformable fixing component, and several groups are evenly arranged according to the detection range;

[0159] The ultrasonic detection system 4 is installed on the inner side of the spliced ​​inner track of the first circular track 1, so that the detection probe maintains a preset distance from the surface of the concrete pier, and the probe is ensured to be parallel to the pier surface by fine-tuning the structure, covering the detection area of ​​the track circumference;

[0160] Install the visual detection system 5 on the spliced ​​outer track of the second loop track 2, and adjust the camera angle so that its shooting range covers the pier surface and track operation area corresponding to the ultrasonic detection system 4, ensuring that the surface condition and equipment operation status can be clearly recorded;

[0161] Connect the ultrasonic detection system 4, visual detection system 5, and crab mechanism 3 to the terminal system through data transmission lines to complete the connection between the hardware circuit and the software system;

[0162] Step 4: Equipment debugging and parameter calibration;

[0163] Start the terminal system, run the detection control software, and check in turn whether the transmitting module and receiving module of the ultrasonic detection system 4 are working properly;

[0164] Debugging the visual detection system 5, calibrating the lens focal length and resolution to ensure clear identification of cracks or defects on the pier column surface;

[0165] Test the operating status of the crab mechanism 3 to ensure that it can be quickly fixed or moved according to the testing requirements;

[0166] Step 5: Preliminary visual scanning and inspection area planning;

[0167] Control the crab mechanism 3 to perform a circumferential scan on the second circular track 2, then slowly raise or lower the double track to perform comprehensive visual imaging of the entire pier inspection range and generate a three-dimensional contour map of the pier column surface;

[0168] The terminal system analyzes visual images, automatically identifies obvious surface defects, marks key areas with suspected density issues, and plans the key paths and densities for ultrasonic testing based on the pier design drawings.

[0169] Step six, ultrasonic density testing;

[0170] Based on the planned detection path, the first and second circular tracks 1 and 2 are controlled to move synchronously along the axial direction of the pier column. At the same time, the crab mechanism 3 adjusts the position of the outer track, driving the ultrasonic detection system 4 on the inner track to perform circumferential scanning.

[0171] The ultrasonic detection system 4 transmits sound wave signals to the pier column and receives echo signals reflected and refracted by the concrete. The terminal system records parameters such as the sound wave propagation time, amplitude attenuation coefficient, and waveform distortion in real time.

[0172] Multi-angle inspection is performed on key areas. The tilt angle of the ultrasonic probe is adjusted through a deformable fixed component, and sound waves are emitted from different directions to obtain multi-dimensional sound wave data of the defect area, reducing the detection blind spot. During the inspection process, the visual detection system 5 synchronously records the fit between the probe and the pier surface. If there is a signal abnormality caused by probe deviation or surface unevenness, the terminal system automatically alarms and prompts to adjust the equipment position;

[0173] Step 7: Data review and supplementary testing;

[0174] The terminal system performs a preliminary analysis of the collected ultrasonic data, screens out areas with abnormal acoustic parameters, and marks them as suspected density defect areas;

[0175] The control device returns to the suspected defect area, adjusts the transmission power, frequency and other parameters of the ultrasonic detection system 4, and performs a secondary inspection to obtain more accurate sound wave data;

[0176] Combined with the defect area image captured by the visual detection system 5, the correlation between the ultrasonic data and the surface features is verified to eliminate signal errors caused by surface unevenness;

[0177] Step 8: Data processing and defect identification;

[0178] The terminal system processes all detection data, filters and removes noise from ultrasonic signals, calculates parameters such as concrete wave velocity and dynamic elastic modulus at different locations, and generates a cloud map of acoustic wave parameter distribution;

[0179] Combined with the surface defect information of visual images, a correlation model is established, and the type of density defect is identified through algorithms to determine the three-dimensional coordinates and size of the defect;

[0180] Classify defect areas and assess the impact of defects on the structural safety of piers;

[0181] Step nine: Equipment disassembly and test report generation;

[0182] After the inspection is completed, disassemble the visual detection system 5, ultrasonic detection system 4, and crab mechanism 3 in sequence, loosen the fixing components, separate the second ring track 2 and the first ring track 1, and clean the dust and concrete debris on the surface of the equipment;

[0183] Organize inspection data, defect images, parameter analysis results, and generate inspection reports.

[0184] In the description of the present invention, it should be understood that the terms "longitudinal", "transverse", "up", "down", "front", "back", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inside", "outside", etc., indicating the orientation or position relationship, are based on the orientation or position relationship shown in the accompanying drawings, and are only for the convenience of describing the present invention, rather than indicating or implying that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore cannot be understood as a limitation on the present invention.

[0185] The above-mentioned embodiments are only for describing the preferred embodiments of the present invention and are not intended to be limiting.

[0186] The scope of the invention is limited, and under the premise of not departing from the spirit of the invention, the general

[0187] Various modifications and improvements made by skilled technicians to the technical solutions of the present invention should fall within the meaning of this invention.

[0188] The scope of protection determined by the claims of the invention.

Claims

1. A non-destructive testing device for bridge pier density based on acoustic vibration, characterized in that: include: A first annular track (1), the first annular track (1) comprising a plurality of spliced ​​inner tracks, wherein a plurality of groups of the spliced ​​inner tracks are connected end to end to form an annular structure, and the first annular track (1) is sleeved on a concrete pier column; a second annular track (2), the second annular track (2) comprising a plurality of spliced ​​outer tracks, wherein the plurality of groups of the spliced ​​outer tracks are connected end to end to form an annular structure, the diameter of the second annular track (2) being greater than the diameter of the first annular track (1), and being coaxially arranged with the first annular track (1), and a fixing assembly being provided between the spliced ​​inner track and the spliced ​​outer track; A crab walking mechanism (3), wherein the crab walking mechanism (3) is installed in a plurality of groups on the spliced ​​outer track via a deformable fixing component, and the plurality of groups of the crab walking mechanism (3) are respectively installed on the spliced ​​outer track; An ultrasonic detection system (4), the ultrasonic detection system (4) being installed on the inner side of the spliced ​​inner track and arranged corresponding to the concrete pier column; A visual detection system (5), wherein the visual detection system (5) is respectively installed on the spliced ​​outer rails; The terminal system, the ultrasonic detection system (4) and the visual detection system (5) are both connected to the terminal system.

2. The nondestructive testing device for bridge pier density based on acoustic vibration according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The spliced ​​inner track comprises a plurality of inner track sleeves (101) that are sleeved in sequence; The cross-sectional shape of the inner track sleeve (101) is a circular structure; The inner track sleeve (101) has an arc-shaped structure, and the centers of the corresponding arcs of the inner track sleeves (101) are concentric; The inner side surface of the inner rail sleeve (101) is respectively provided with arc-shaped grooves (104) along the arc surface; The inner rail sleeve (101) at the head end and the inner rail sleeve (101) at the tail end of the adjacent spliced ​​inner rail are plugged in and fixed by a connecting assembly.

3. The nondestructive testing device for bridge pier density based on acoustic vibration according to claim 2 is characterized in that: The spliced ​​outer track comprises a plurality of outer track sleeves (201) that are sequentially sleeved. The cross-sectional shape of the outer track sleeve (201) is a circular structure; The outer track sleeve (201) has an arc-shaped structure, and the centers of the corresponding arcs of the outer track sleeves (201) are concentric; Arc-shaped grooves (104) are respectively provided on the outer side surface of the outer track sleeve (201) along the arc surface; The outer rail sleeve (201) at the head end and the outer rail sleeve (201) at the tail end of the adjacent spliced ​​inner rail are plugged in and fixed by the connecting assembly, and the inner rail sleeve (101) and the outer rail sleeve (201) are fixed by the fixing assembly.

4. The nondestructive testing device for bridge pier density based on acoustic vibration according to claim 3 is characterized in that: The connection component includes: A support sleeve, the support sleeve being fixed to the end of the inner track sleeve (101) and the end of the outer track sleeve (201) at the head end, the inner diameter of the support sleeve being matched with the outer diameter of the inner track sleeve (101) and the outer track sleeve (201) at the tail end; Fixing bolts are used to fix the inner rail sleeves (101) at the head end and the tail end of the adjacent spliced ​​inner rails, and the outer rail sleeves (201) at the head end and the tail end of the adjacent spliced ​​outer rails, respectively.

5. The nondestructive testing device for bridge pier density based on acoustic vibration according to claim 3 is characterized in that: The fixing assembly includes: a connecting plate (309), the connecting plate (309) being fixedly connected to the inner wall of the outer track sleeve (201); A connecting block (103) is provided, wherein the outer wall of the inner track sleeve (101) and the connecting plate (309) are fixedly connected via the connecting block (103).

6. The nondestructive testing device for bridge pier density based on acoustic vibration according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The crab-like mechanism (3) comprises: A mounting seat (301), wherein the center of the mounting seat (301) is threadedly connected to an adjusting screw (302), and one end of the adjusting screw (302) is mounted with a vacuum suction cup (303); Support legs, wherein the support legs are arranged in a plurality of groups at equal intervals in the circumferential direction on the mounting base (301), and the support legs include a support base (304) and a rotating base (305), wherein the support base (304) is fixed on the mounting base (301), and the rotating base (305) is rotatably connected to the top of the support base (304), and a universal wheel (306) is fixed on the rotating base (305); The regulator comprises a mounting plate (307), the mounting plate (307) being arranged on the other side of the mounting seat (301) and being arranged opposite to the mounting seat (301), a plurality of adjusting rods (308) being fixed circumferentially and equidistantly on the mounting plate (307), the adjusting rods (308) passing through the mounting seat (301) and being slidably connected to the mounting seat (301), the adjusting rods (308) being arranged parallel to the axis of the mounting seat (301), the top end of the adjusting rod (308) being rotatably connected to a connecting plate (309), the other end of the connecting plate (309) being rotatably connected to the mounting seat (301); The top end of the adjusting screw (302) is rotatably connected to the center of the mounting plate (307).

7. The nondestructive testing device for bridge pier density based on acoustic vibration according to claim 5 is characterized in that: The ultrasonic detection system (4) comprises: A mounting frame (401), the mounting frame (401) being mounted in the arc-shaped groove (104) on the inner side of the inner rail sleeve (101); an ultrasonic vibrator (402), the ultrasonic vibrator (402) being mounted on the mounting frame (401) and in contact with the concrete pier; An ultrasonic receiver is mounted on the mounting frame (401).

8. The nondestructive testing device for bridge pier density based on acoustic vibration according to claim 3 is characterized in that: The visual detection system (5) comprises: A high-definition camera (501), the high-definition camera (501) being mounted on the outer wall of the outer track sleeve (201); A rotating scanner (502) is mounted on the inner wall of the inner track sleeve (101).

9. A nondestructive testing method for the compactness of bridge piers based on acoustic vibration, based on the nondestructive testing device for the compactness of bridge piers based on acoustic vibration according to any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that: The steps include: Step 1: On-site pretreatment and investigation; Conduct on-site surveys of the bridge pier inspection area, record the diameter, height, and surface condition of the concrete piers, and measure the verticality of the pier axis to provide benchmark data for track installation; Clean the debris from the pier surface and polish the sharp parts to ensure that the surface flatness meets the detection requirements of the ultrasonic detection system (4); Check the testing environment to confirm that there are no strong electromagnetic interference or severe vibration factors that may affect equipment operation. If there are interference sources, take shielding or avoidance measures; Step 2: installing the first annular track (1) and the second annular track (2); Selecting an appropriate spliced ​​inner track module according to the diameter of the pier column, connecting several sets of spliced ​​inner tracks end to end to form a first ring track (1) that matches the diameter of the pier column; and sleeved the first ring track (1) at a starting position of a preset detection height of the concrete pier column; Splicing to form a second annular track (2) having a diameter greater than that of the first annular track (1); connecting the second annular track (2) to the first annular track (1) through a fixing assembly, adjusting the coaxiality of the two, and tightening the fixing assembly so that the two tracks form a stable detection frame; Step 3: Check component installation and connection; The crab mechanism (3) is mounted on the spliced ​​outer track of the second ring track (2) via a deformable fixing component, and several groups are evenly arranged according to the detection range; An ultrasonic detection system (4) is installed on the inner side of the spliced ​​inner track of the first circular track (1), so that the detection probe maintains a preset distance from the surface of the concrete pier, and the probe is ensured to be parallel to the pier surface by fine-tuning the structure, covering the detection area of ​​the track in the circular direction; A visual detection system (5) is installed on the spliced ​​outer track of the second circular track (2), and the camera angle is adjusted so that its shooting range covers the pier surface and the track running area corresponding to the ultrasonic detection system (4), ensuring that the surface condition and the equipment running status can be clearly recorded; The ultrasonic detection system (4), the visual detection system (5), and the crab-like mechanism (3) are connected to the terminal system through data transmission lines, thereby completing the connection between the hardware circuit and the software system; Step 4: Equipment debugging and parameter calibration; Start the terminal system, run the detection control software, and sequentially detect whether the transmitting module and the receiving module of the ultrasonic detection system (4) are working normally; Debug the visual detection system (5), calibrate the lens focal length and resolution to ensure that cracks or defects on the pier surface can be clearly identified; Test the operating status of the crab mechanism (3) to ensure that it can be quickly fixed or moved according to the testing requirements; Step 5: Preliminary visual scanning and inspection area planning; Control the crab mechanism (3) and the second circular track (2) to perform circumferential scanning, and then slowly raise or lower the double track to perform comprehensive visual imaging of the entire bridge pier detection range, and generate a three-dimensional contour map of the pier column surface; The terminal system analyzes visual images, automatically identifies obvious surface defects, marks key areas with suspected density issues, and plans the key paths and densities for ultrasonic testing based on the pier design drawings. Step six, ultrasonic density testing; Based on the planned detection path, the first circular track (1) and the second circular track (2) are controlled to move synchronously along the axial direction of the pier column, and at the same time, the position of the outer track is adjusted by the crab mechanism (3), driving the ultrasonic detection system (4) of the inner track to perform circumferential scanning; The ultrasonic detection system (4) transmits sound wave signals to the pier column and receives echo signals reflected and refracted by the concrete. The terminal system records parameters such as the sound wave propagation time, amplitude attenuation coefficient, and waveform distortion degree in real time. Multi-angle detection is performed on key areas. The tilt angle of the ultrasonic probe is adjusted by a deformable fixed component, and sound waves are emitted from different directions to obtain multi-dimensional sound wave data of the defect area, thereby reducing the detection blind area. During the detection process, the visual detection system (5) synchronously records the fit between the probe and the pier surface. If there is a signal abnormality caused by probe deviation or surface unevenness, the terminal system automatically alarms and prompts to adjust the equipment position; Step 7: Data review and supplementary testing; The terminal system performs a preliminary analysis of the collected ultrasonic data, screens out areas with abnormal acoustic parameters, and marks them as suspected density defect areas; The control device returns to the suspected defect area, adjusts the transmission power, frequency and other parameters of the ultrasonic detection system (4), performs a secondary inspection, and obtains more accurate sound wave data; Combined with the defect area image taken by the visual detection system (5), the correlation between the ultrasonic data and the surface features is verified to eliminate the signal error caused by the surface unevenness; Step 8: Data processing and defect identification; The terminal system processes all detection data, filters and removes noise from ultrasonic signals, calculates parameters such as concrete wave velocity and dynamic elastic modulus at different locations, and generates a cloud map of acoustic wave parameter distribution; Combined with the surface defect information of visual images, a correlation model is established, and the type of density defect is identified through algorithms to determine the three-dimensional coordinates and size of the defect; Classify defect areas and assess the impact of defects on the structural safety of piers; Step nine: Equipment disassembly and test report generation; After the inspection is completed, the visual detection system (5), the ultrasonic detection system (4), and the crab mechanism (3) are disassembled in sequence, the fixing components are loosened, the second ring track (2) and the first ring track (1) are disassembled, and dust and concrete debris on the surface of the equipment are cleaned; Organize inspection data, defect images, parameter analysis results, and generate inspection reports.

Images