Common-aperture antenna and equipment

Abstract

The invention discloses a common-caliber antenna and equipment, and particularly relates to the technical field of wireless communication. The technical key points are as follows: the common-caliber antenna comprises a reflecting plate, a first dielectric layer, a Ku wave band feed layer, a second dielectric layer, a Ka wave band feed layer, a third dielectric layer, a coupling gap layer, a fourth dielectric layer, a lower radiation patch array, a fifth dielectric layer and an upper radiation patch array from bottom to top in sequence; the coupling gap layer is provided with a gap array comprising a plurality of gap units, each gap unit comprises a first gap and a plurality of second gaps, and the first gap is arranged at the center of the plurality of second gaps; the lower radiation patch array comprises a plurality of first patch units, and each first patch unit comprises a plurality of first radiation patches; the first patch units and the slot arrays are in one-to-one correspondence; the upper radiation patch array comprises a plurality of second patch units, each second patch unit comprises a second radiation patch and a plurality of third radiation patches, and the second radiation patch is arranged at the center of the plurality of third radiation patches.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the field of wireless communication technology, and in particular to a co-aperture antenna and equipment. Background Art

[0002] With technological advancements, electronic systems are moving toward integrated communications, radar, and electronic countermeasures. This places increasing demands on antenna arrays to possess multi-band and multi-polarization capabilities. Furthermore, due to limited space on airborne and satellite-based platforms, ground-based electronic systems are also moving toward lightweight design, significantly accelerating the development of common-aperture antenna technology.

[0003] A co-aperture antenna refers to multiple antennas sharing the same aperture, effectively resolving the contradiction between multi-function and limited size. However, conventional co-aperture technology, due to the one-to-one correspondence between the number of antenna units and the number of TR channels, requires multiple antennas to be installed in the same space, resulting in a proportional increase in the number of TR components. This significantly increases hardware cost and weight, while also making it difficult to dissipate heat from the TR components.

[0004] Therefore, the present invention aims to provide a common aperture antenna and device to solve the above-mentioned related problems. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is that the existing co-aperture technology has a one-to-one correspondence between the number of antenna units and the number of TR channels, which leads to difficulty in heat dissipation of TR components. The purpose is to provide a co-aperture antenna and equipment. By setting the Ku-band as a single-layer patch unit with slot coupling and the Ka-band as a double-layer patch unit with slot coupling, the Ku-band radiating patch and the Ka-band radiating patch are placed at the same height, thereby reducing mutual shielding between the two frequency bands; at the same time, each frequency band adopts a single-port excitation method for multiple radiating patches. Compared with the single-port excitation method for a single radiating patch, the number of active channels is reduced by 75%, which greatly reduces the cost and weight of the active channels and effectively improves heat dissipation; by adopting a diamond grid array combined with a single-port feeding method, dual-frequency co-aperture is successfully achieved, and the space utilization rate is relatively high.

[0006] The present invention is achieved through the following technical solutions: A common aperture antenna, which comprises, from bottom to top, a reflector, a first dielectric layer, a Ku-band feed layer, a second dielectric layer, a Ka-band feed layer, a third dielectric layer, a coupling slot layer, a fourth dielectric layer, a lower radiating patch array, a fifth dielectric layer, and an upper radiating patch array; A slot array including a plurality of slot units is provided on the coupling slot layer, each slot unit includes a first slot and a plurality of second slots, and the first slot is provided at the center of the plurality of second slots; The lower radiation patch array includes a plurality of first patch units, each of which includes a plurality of first radiation patches; the first patch units correspond to the slot arrays one by one; The upper radiation patch array includes multiple second patch units, each second patch unit includes a second radiation patch and multiple third radiation patches, and the second radiation patch is arranged in the center of the multiple third radiation patches; the first patch unit and the second patch unit correspond one to one.

[0007] Furthermore, the Ku-band feeding layer includes two first feeding structures perpendicularly crossing each other, wherein first matching branches are perpendicularly crossed on both sides of one of the first feeding structures, and second matching branches are perpendicularly crossed on both sides of the other first feeding structure.

[0008] Furthermore, the Ka-band feed layer includes multiple feed units, each feed unit includes two second feed structures that cross each other vertically, wherein third matching branches are vertically crossed on both sides of one second feed structure, and fourth matching branches are vertically crossed on both sides of the other second feed structure.

[0009] Furthermore, the reflector, the Ku-band feeding layer, the Ka-band feeding layer and the coupling slot layer are all arranged in a diamond structure.

[0010] Furthermore, the first radiation patch, the second radiation patch and the third radiation patch are all arranged in a circular structure.

[0011] Furthermore, each slit unit includes a first slit and four second slits, and the four second slits are arranged in a diamond shape around the first slit.

[0012] Furthermore, each first patch unit includes four first radiation patches, which are arranged in a diamond shape; each second patch unit includes one second radiation patch and four third radiation patches, which are arranged in a diamond shape around the second radiation patch.

[0013] Furthermore, the first matching branches and the second matching branches correspond one-to-one to the first slits in the plurality of slit units respectively.

[0014] Furthermore, the plurality of feeding units correspond to the slot units one-to-one, respectively, and the third matching branches and the fourth matching branches in the feeding units correspond to the second slots in the corresponding slot units one-to-one.

[0015] A device comprising: a TR component, a signal processing device, and a co-aperture antenna of any of the above items; wherein, The co-aperture antenna is used to transmit and receive wireless signals; The TR component and signal processing device are used to transmit wireless signals through the co-aperture antenna, receive and process the wireless signals received by the co-aperture antenna.

[0016] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following advantages and beneficial effects: In the present invention, by setting the Ku band as a single-layer patch unit with slot coupling and the Ka band as a double-layer patch unit with slot coupling, the effect of placing the Ku-band radiation patch and the Ka-band radiation patch at the same height is achieved, thereby reducing the mutual shielding between the two frequency bands; at the same time, each frequency band adopts a single-port excitation method for multiple radiation patches. Compared with the method of single-port excitation for a single radiation patch, the number of active channels is reduced by 75%, which greatly reduces the cost and weight of the active channels and effectively improves heat dissipation; by adopting a diamond grid array combined with a single-port feeding method, dual-frequency common aperture is successfully achieved, and the space utilization rate is relatively high. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0017] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the exemplary embodiments of the present invention, the following briefly introduces the drawings required for use in the examples. It should be understood that the following drawings only illustrate certain embodiments of the present invention and should not be considered as limiting the scope. A person of ordinary skill in the art can also derive other relevant drawings based on these drawings without inventive effort. In the drawings: Figure 1 Schematic diagram of the structure of a common aperture antenna in this embodiment; Figure 2 Schematic diagram of the structure of a coupling slot layer of a co-aperture antenna in this embodiment; Figure 3 Schematic diagram of the structure of a slot unit of a common aperture antenna in this embodiment; Figure 4 Schematic diagram of the structure of the lower radiation patch array of a common aperture antenna in this embodiment; Figure 5 Schematic diagram of the structure of the first patch unit of a common aperture antenna in this embodiment; Figure 6 Schematic diagram of the structure of an upper radiating patch array of a common aperture antenna in this embodiment; Figure 7 Schematic diagram of the structure of the second patch unit of a co-aperture antenna in this embodiment; Figure 8 Schematic diagram of the structure of the Ku-band feeding layer of a co-aperture antenna in this embodiment; Figure 9 Schematic diagram of the structure of the Ka-band feeding layer of a co-aperture antenna in this embodiment; Figure 10Schematic diagram of the structure of a feeding unit of a common aperture antenna in this embodiment; Figure 11 Schematic diagram of standing waves of a Ku-band antenna unit of a common aperture antenna in this embodiment; Figure 12 Schematic diagram of the standing wave of the Ka-band antenna unit of a co-aperture antenna in this embodiment.

[0018] Markings and corresponding parts names in the accompanying drawings: 1. Reflector; 2. First dielectric layer; 3. Ku-band feeding layer; 301. First feeding structure; 302. First matching branch; 303. Second matching branch; 4. Second dielectric layer; 5. Ka-band feeding layer; 6. Third dielectric layer; 7. Coupling slot layer; 8. Fourth dielectric layer; 9. Lower radiating patch array; 10. Fifth dielectric layer; 11. Upper radiating patch array; 12. Slot unit; 121. First slot; 122. Second slot; 13. First patch unit; 131. First radiating patch; 14. Second patch unit; 141. Second radiating patch; 142. Third radiating patch; 15. Feeding unit; 151. Second feeding structure; 152. Third matching branch; 153. Fourth matching branch; 16. Ku feeding port; 17. Ka feeding port. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0019] The following description of exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure is made in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, including various details of the embodiments of the present disclosure to facilitate understanding, which should be considered as merely exemplary. Therefore, it should be appreciated by those skilled in the art that various changes and modifications may be made to the embodiments described herein without departing from the scope of the present disclosure. Similarly, for the sake of clarity and conciseness, descriptions of well-known functions and structures are omitted in the following description.

[0020] In this disclosure, unless otherwise specified, the use of terms such as "first" and "second" to describe various elements is not intended to limit the positional relationship, temporal relationship, or importance relationship of these elements. Such terms are only used to distinguish one element from another. In some examples, the first element and the second element may refer to the same instance of the element, while in some cases, based on the context of the description, they may also refer to different instances.

[0021] The terms used in the descriptions of various examples in this disclosure are for the purpose of describing specific examples only and are not intended to be limiting. Unless the context clearly indicates otherwise, if the number of elements is not specifically limited, the element may be one or more. In addition, the term "and / or" used in this disclosure encompasses any one and all possible combinations of the listed items.

[0022] Meanwhile, it should be noted in advance that, in this embodiment, the diamond-shaped distribution means that the center points of the four unit structures are distributed at the four corners of the diamond.

[0023] Example See also Figure 1 , Figure 1 The schematic diagram of the structure of a common aperture antenna is shown. The common aperture antenna comprises, from bottom to top, a reflector 1, a first dielectric layer 2, a Ku-band feeding layer 3, a second dielectric layer 4, a Ka-band feeding layer 5, a third dielectric layer 6, a coupling slot layer 7, a fourth dielectric layer 8, a lower radiating patch array 9, a fifth dielectric layer 10, and an upper radiating patch array 11; see Figure 2-Figure 3 , Figure 2 shows a schematic structural diagram of the coupling gap layer 7, Figure 3 The structure diagram of the slot unit 12 is shown. The coupling slot layer 7 is provided with a slot array including a plurality of slot units 12. Each slot unit 12 includes a first slot 121 and a plurality of second slots 122. The first slot 121 is arranged at the center of the plurality of second slots 122. Figure 4-Figure 5 , Figure 4 shows a schematic structural diagram of the lower radiation patch array 9, Figure 5 The schematic diagram of the structure of the first patch unit 13 is shown. The lower radiation patch array 9 includes a plurality of first patch units 13. Each first patch unit 13 includes a plurality of first radiation patches 131. The first patch units 13 correspond to the slot arrays one by one. Figure 6-Figure 7 As shown, Figure 6 shows a schematic structural diagram of the upper radiation patch array 11, Figure 7 A structural schematic diagram of the second patch unit 14 is shown. The upper radiation patch array 11 includes multiple second patch units 14, each second patch unit 14 includes a second radiation patch 141 and multiple third radiation patches 142, and the second radiation patch 141 is arranged at the center of the multiple third radiation patches 142; the first patch unit 13 and the second patch unit 14 correspond one to one.

[0024] At the same time, it should be noted that in this embodiment, a slot array of four slot units 12 is provided on the coupling slot layer 7, and the four slot units 12 are arranged in a diamond shape on the coupling slot layer 7. In other embodiments, other achievable numbers can also be used, and no excessive restrictions are imposed here.

[0025] In another embodiment, see Figure 8 , Figure 8The schematic diagram of the structure of the Ku-band feed layer 3 is shown. The Ku-band feed layer 3 includes two first feed structures 301 that cross each other perpendicularly, wherein first matching branches 302 are perpendicularly arranged on both sides of one of the first feed structures 301, and second matching branches 303 are perpendicularly arranged on both sides of the other first feed structure 301.

[0026] It should be noted that, in this embodiment, the two first feeding structures 301 are perpendicularly crossed at their respective center points, and the two first feeding structures 301 form a main feeding line; at the same time, in this embodiment, the two first matching branches 302 are respectively arranged perpendicularly and cross-sectionally on both sides of one of the first feeding structures 301, and the two second matching branches 303 are respectively arranged perpendicularly and cross-sectionally on both sides of the other first feeding structure 301; at the same time, any end of the first feeding structure 301 can be selected as the Ku feeding port 16, and in this embodiment, an end close to one of the first matching branches 302 is selected as the Ku feeding port 16, and in other embodiments, other ends can also be selected as the Ku feeding port 16, and no excessive restrictions are imposed here.

[0027] In another embodiment, see Figure 9-10 , Figure 9 shows a schematic structural diagram of the Ka-band feed layer 5, Figure 10 A structural schematic diagram of the feed unit 15 is shown. The Ka-band feed layer 5 includes multiple feed units 15, each of which includes two second feed structures 151 that cross each other perpendicularly, wherein third matching branches 152 are perpendicularly crossed on both sides of one of the second feed structures 151, and fourth matching branches 153 are perpendicularly crossed on both sides of the other second feed structure 151.

[0028] It should be noted that, in this embodiment, multiple feeding units 15 adopt the same structural setting. In each feeding unit 15, the two second feeding structures 151 are vertically crossed at their respective center points, and the two second feeding structures 151 form a main feeding line; at the same time, in this embodiment, the two third matching branches 152 are respectively arranged to cross vertically on both sides of one of the second feeding structures 151, and the two fourth matching branches 153 are respectively arranged to cross vertically on both sides of the other second feeding structure 151; at the same time, any end of the second feeding structure 151 can be selected as the Ka feeding port 17, and in this embodiment, one end close to one of the third matching branches 152 is selected as the Ka feeding port 17. In other embodiments, other ends can also be selected as the Ka feeding port 17, and no excessive restrictions are made here.

[0029] At the same time, it should be noted that, in this embodiment, the Ka-band feed layer 5 includes four feed units 15, the four feed units 15 are arranged in a diamond shape, and the four feed units 15 correspond one-to-one to the four slot units 12. In other embodiments, other achievable number settings can also be adopted, and there are no excessive restrictions here; at the same time, the first matching branch 302 and the second matching branch 303 respectively correspond one-to-one to the first slots 121 in the multiple slot units 12; the multiple feed units 15 respectively correspond one-to-one to the slot units 12, and the third matching branch 152 and the fourth matching branch 153 in the feed unit 15 respectively correspond one-to-one to the second slots 122 in the corresponding slot units 12.

[0030] In another embodiment, the reflector 1 , the Ku-band feeding layer 3 , the Ka-band feeding layer 5 and the coupling slot layer 7 are all arranged in a diamond structure.

[0031] It should be noted that in this embodiment, the reflector 1, the Ku-band feed layer 3, the Ka-band feed layer 5 and the coupling slot layer 7 are all arranged in a diamond structure, and the radiation patch and the feeding unit 15 are arranged in a diamond shape, which can reduce the physical interference between the two frequency bands.

[0032] In another embodiment, the first radiation patch 131 , the second radiation patch 141 and the third radiation patch 142 are all arranged in a circular structure.

[0033] It should be noted that, in this embodiment, the first radiation patch 131 and the third radiation patch 142 are circular patches with exactly the same radius. In other embodiments, they may also be radiation patches with different radii, and no further restrictions are imposed here.

[0034] In another embodiment, each slit unit 12 includes a first slit 121 and four second slits 122 , and the four second slits 122 are arranged in a diamond shape around the first slit 121 .

[0035] It should be noted that, in this embodiment, in order to increase the polarization isolation between the two frequency bands, the Ku band and the Ka band adopt an orthogonal polarization mode, the Ku band is vertically polarized, and the Ka band is horizontally polarized. In other embodiments, the Ku band may be horizontally polarized and the Ka band may be vertically polarized. No excessive restrictions are made here; therefore, the first slot 121 is set as a horizontal slot, and the second slot 122 is set as a longitudinal slot. The first slot 121 corresponds to the Ku band and is used to excite the second radiation patch 141. The four second slots 122 correspond to the Ka band and are used to excite the first radiation patch 131; the four first slots 121 of the four slot units 12 are arranged in a diamond shape on the coupling slot layer 7; At the same time, the four second slits 122 in one slit unit 12 are arranged in a diamond shape around the first slit 121 .

[0036] In another embodiment, each first patch unit 13 includes four first radiation patches 131, and the four first radiation patches 131 are arranged in a diamond shape; each second patch unit 14 includes a second radiation patch 141 and four third radiation patches 142, and the four third radiation patches 142 are arranged in a diamond shape around the second radiation patch 141.

[0037] It should be noted that in this embodiment, the first radiation patch 131 in the lower radiation patch array 9 is a Ka-band radiation patch, the second radiation patch 141 in the upper radiation patch array 11 is a Ku-band radiation patch, and the third radiation patch 142 is a Ka-band radiation patch. The first radiation patch 131 excites the corresponding third radiation patch 142 through coupling.

[0038] See also Figure 11 , Figure 11 The schematic diagram of the Ku-band antenna unit standing wave of the co-aperture antenna of the present invention is given. It can be seen from the figure that in the frequency range of 13.5~16GHz, the antenna unit standing wave is <2, that is, the antenna bandwidth below the standing wave 2 reaches 16.9%; see Figure 12 As shown, Figure 12 A schematic diagram of the standing wave of the Ka-band antenna unit of the co-aperture antenna of the present invention is given. It can be seen from the figure that in the frequency range of 28~32GHz, the standing wave of the antenna unit is <2, that is, the antenna bandwidth below the standing wave 2 reaches 13.3%.

[0039] Specifically, in this embodiment, by setting the Ku-band as a single-layer patch unit with slot coupling and the Ka-band as a double-layer patch unit with slot coupling, the Ku-band radiation patch and the Ka-band radiation patch are placed at the same height, thereby reducing the mutual shielding between the two frequency bands; at the same time, each frequency band adopts a single-port excitation method for multiple radiation patches. Compared with the single-port excitation method for a single radiation patch, the number of active channels is reduced by 75%, which greatly reduces the cost and weight of the active channels and effectively improves heat dissipation; by adopting a diamond grid array combined with a single-port feeding method, dual-frequency common aperture is successfully achieved, and the space utilization rate is relatively high.

[0040] An embodiment of the present invention further provides a device, comprising a TR component, a signal processing device, and a co-aperture antenna; wherein the co-aperture antenna is used to transmit and receive wireless signals, and comprises a reflector 1, a first dielectric layer 2, a Ku-band feed layer 3, a second dielectric layer 4, a Ka-band feed layer 5, a third dielectric layer 6, a coupling slot layer 7, a fourth dielectric layer 8, a lower radiation patch array 9, a fifth dielectric layer 10, and an upper radiation patch array 11; wherein the coupling slot layer 7 is provided with a slot array comprising a plurality of slot units 12, each slot unit 12 comprising a first slot 121 and a plurality of second slots 122, and the first slot 121 is arranged at the center of the plurality of second slots 122; the lower radiation patch array Column 9 includes multiple first patch units 13, each first patch unit 13 includes multiple first radiation patches 131; the first patch units 13 correspond one-to-one to the slot array; the upper radiation patch array 11 includes multiple second patch units 14, each second patch unit 14 includes a second radiation patch 141 and multiple third radiation patches 142, and the second radiation patch 141 is arranged at the center of the multiple third radiation patches 142; the first patch units 13 and the second patch units 14 correspond one-to-one; the TR component and the signal processing equipment are used to transmit wireless signals through the co-aperture antenna, receive and process the wireless signals received by the co-aperture antenna, so as to solve the problem of co-aperture of antenna arrays working in different frequency bands.

[0041] The above specific implementation methods further illustrate the objectives, technical solutions and beneficial effects of the present invention in detail. It should be understood that the above are only specific implementation methods of the present invention and are not intended to limit the scope of protection of the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc. made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included in the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A common aperture antenna, characterized in that: The common aperture antenna comprises, from bottom to top, a reflector (1), a first dielectric layer (2), a Ku-band feeding layer (3), a second dielectric layer (4), a Ka-band feeding layer (5), a third dielectric layer (6), a coupling slot layer (7), a fourth dielectric layer (8), a lower radiation patch array (9), a fifth dielectric layer (10), and an upper radiation patch array (11); A slot array including a plurality of slot units (12) is provided on the coupling slot layer (7), each slot unit (12) includes a first slot (121) and a plurality of second slots (122), and the first slot (121) is arranged at the center of the plurality of second slots (122); The lower radiation patch array (9) includes a plurality of first patch units (13), each first patch unit (13) includes a plurality of first radiation patches (131); the first patch units (13) correspond to the slot arrays one by one; The upper radiation patch array (11) includes a plurality of second patch units (14), each second patch unit (14) includes a second radiation patch (141) and a plurality of third radiation patches (142), and the second radiation patch (141) is arranged at the center of the plurality of third radiation patches (142); and the first patch unit (13) and the second patch unit (14) correspond one to one.

2. A common aperture antenna according to claim 1, characterized in that: The Ku-band feeding layer (3) comprises two mutually perpendicularly intersecting first feeding structures (301), wherein first matching branches (302) are respectively arranged perpendicularly on both sides of one of the first feeding structures (301), and second matching branches (303) are respectively arranged perpendicularly on both sides of the other first feeding structure (301).

3. A common aperture antenna according to claim 1, characterized in that: The Ka-band feeding layer (5) comprises a plurality of feeding units (15), each feeding unit (15) comprising two second feeding structures (151) perpendicularly intersecting each other, wherein third matching branches (152) are perpendicularly intersectingly provided on both sides of one second feeding structure (151), and fourth matching branches (153) are perpendicularly intersectingly provided on both sides of the other second feeding structure (151).

4. A common aperture antenna according to claim 1, characterized in that: The reflector (1), the Ku-band feeding layer (3), the Ka-band feeding layer (5) and the coupling slot layer (7) are all arranged in a diamond structure.

5. A common aperture antenna according to claim 1, characterized in that: The first radiation patch (131), the second radiation patch (141) and the third radiation patch (142) are all arranged in a circular structure.

6. A common aperture antenna according to claim 1, characterized in that: Each slit unit (12) comprises a first slit (121) and four second slits (122), and the four second slits (122) are arranged in a diamond shape around the first slit (121).

7. A common aperture antenna according to claim 1, characterized in that: Each first patch unit (13) includes four first radiation patches (131), and the four first radiation patches (131) are arranged in a diamond shape; each second patch unit (14) includes a second radiation patch (141) and four third radiation patches (142), and the four third radiation patches (142) are arranged in a diamond shape around the second radiation patch (141).

8. A common aperture antenna according to claim 2, characterized in that: The first matching branch node (302) and the second matching branch node (303) respectively correspond to the first slits (121) in the plurality of slit units (12).

9. A common aperture antenna according to claim 3, characterized in that: The plurality of feeding units (15) correspond one-to-one to the slot units (12), respectively; the third matching branch node (152) and the fourth matching branch node (153) in the feeding unit (15) correspond one-to-one to the second slot (122) in the corresponding slot unit (12).

10. A device, characterized in that include: TR component, signal processing device and co-aperture antenna according to any one of claims 1 to 9; wherein, The co-aperture antenna is used to transmit and receive wireless signals; The TR component and signal processing device are used to transmit wireless signals through the co-aperture antenna, receive and process the wireless signals received by the co-aperture antenna.

Images