98 results about "Patch array" patented technology

The invention provides a high-frequency band-pass radar and infrared dual-stealth optical transparent metamaterial, and aims to overcome the defect that an existing stealth material cannot have optical transparency, infrared low emission, microwave broadband absorption and high-frequency band-pass at the same time. The antenna is formed by periodically arranging a plurality of structural units, and each structural unit sequentially comprises a low infrared emission layer, a first transparent dielectric substrate, a radar wave absorbing layer, a second transparent dielectric substrate and a frequency selection wave-transparent layer from top to bottom; the low infrared emission layer and the radar wave absorbing layer are respectively composed of a square patch array made of a transparent conductive material and a low duty ratio circular ring; the frequency selection wave-transparent layer is composed of a square ring aperture type metal mesh. Optical transparency, infrared stealth and radar stealth are integrated, meanwhile, the band-pass performance is achieved in the high-frequency guidance wave band, and the high application prospect is achieved in the field of actual engineering.

A microstrip filter, comprising: a first substrate (11) and a second substrate (12) arranged opposite to each other, and a dielectric layer (13) located between the first substrate (11) and the second substrate (12). The first substrate (11) comprises: a first base (110), and a patch array provided on the side of the first base (110) close to the dielectric layer (13). The second substrate (12) comprises: a second base (120), a microstrip line (121) provided on the side of the second base (120) close to the dielectric layer (13), and a grounding layer (122) provided on the side of the second base (120) away from the microstrip line (121). The microstrip line (121) comprises: a major transmission line (1211) and at least one stub (1212), the orthographic projection of the stub (1212) of the microstrip line (121) and the orthographic projection of the patch array on the first base (110) overlapping each other. The dielectric layer (13) is configured to regulate the resonant frequency between the patch array and the microstrip line (121) when a voltage is applied to patches (111) in the patch array.

The invention relates to an intelligent old-age care remote state monitoring method and device combined with a user portrait, and relates to the technical field of data processing, and the method comprises the steps: communicating a positioning patch array of a first old-age care user, and receiving a positioning time sequence matrix of a first time zone; processing a first pension user portrait and the positioning time sequence matrix through a health sample N-level adjacency searcher to obtain an adjacency sample state; aggregating the adjacent sample states to generate state baseline information; the communication state monitor is used for collecting state monitoring information of the first time zone; and when the state monitoring information does not belong to the state baseline information, performing abnormal state identification on the state monitoring information. The technical problem that in the prior art, due to the fact that flexible change analysis of the health value interval cannot be achieved, the monitoring accuracy of abnormal states of old people is insufficient is solved.

The invention relates to the technical field of antennas, in particular to a high-isolation double-frequency common-caliber miniaturized phased-array antenna which comprises a high-frequency-band linear polarization end-fire metal patch array structure, a low-frequency-band linear polarization end-fire metal patch array structure, a public metal reflection floor and a single-layer dielectric substrate. Radiation structures of the high-frequency-band linear polarization end-fire metal patch array structure and the low-frequency-band linear polarization end-fire metal patch array structure are formed by improved dipoles of microstrip balun feed with out-of-band rejection, so that linear polarization is achieved, and then the dipoles are fed through the improved microstrip balun with out-of-band radiation rejection. The suppression on high frequency is further deepened and the decoupling bandwidth is expanded; in addition, a decoupling structure is added between the adjacent common-frequency antennas to improve the isolation and radiation capability between the adjacent common-frequency antenna units, high isolation and wide beam coverage of the dual-frequency common-aperture phased-array antenna can be realized, the performance of the antenna is improved, and the dual-frequency common-aperture phased-array antenna is simple in process and low in cost.

The invention relates to a dual-frequency dual-polarization shared aperture base station antenna array loaded with a mantle lock, which can be used in a modern communication base station and aims to solve the problem that the performance of antennas is reduced due to the fact that cross-band pattern interference becomes serious when the antennas working in different frequency bands are close to each other. The array provided by the invention comprises a low-frequency antenna loaded with mantle load and a high-frequency antenna, and all the antennas share one metal plate reflector. The mantle clock structure is composed of a flexible medium sleeve and a rectangular metal patch periodic array. The mantle block is loaded on the low-frequency antenna to suppress total scattering of the low-frequency antenna, and the working frequency band of total scattering suppression can be adjusted by adjusting the diameter of the mantle block, the size of patch units in the rectangular metal patch array and the interval between the patch units, so that the influence of the low-frequency antenna on antennas of other frequency bands is reduced. The adopted mantle clock structure has the advantages of being simple in design, ultra-thin in thickness, easy to conform and the like, and is suitable for design of a dual-frequency aperture-sharing base station antenna in a modern communication system.

The invention discloses a lower limb movement monitoring and guiding method. A hardware part comprises a flexible induction sheet array, a smart phone, a built-in RGB-D camera of the smart phone and an edge calculation module. The flexible induction sheet array comprises five flexible induction sheets, each flexible induction sheet comprises a skin contact layer, a sensor layer, a flexible FPC substrate and a protective layer, the sensor layer is provided with a three-axis MEMS acceleration sensor, a PVDF piezoelectric film sensor, a flexible FPC substrate integrated signal conditioning module and a Bluetooth communication module; the flexible induction sheet is provided with an anatomical positioning mark; the lower limb movement monitoring and guiding method comprises the following steps: S1, cleaning; s2, a step of attaching a flexible induction sheet; s3, an automatic positioning calibration step; s4, a data transmission step; s5, a data fusion and calculation analysis step; s6, a normalization evaluation step; and S7, a feedback and optimization step. Quantitative assessment of lower limb movement can be effectively achieved, and the monitoring and guiding effect is good.

The invention relates to the technical field of antennas, and discloses an unmanned aerial vehicle directional detection antenna and unmanned aerial vehicle detection device.The unmanned aerial vehicle directional detection antenna comprises a secondary radiation layer provided with a first substrate and a main radiation layer provided with a second substrate, and the first substrate is provided with a first radiation patch array and a second radiation patch array; the first radiation patch array comprises 2n first radiation patches used for receiving electromagnetic wave signals of a first frequency f1, the second radiation patch array comprises m second radiation patches used for receiving electromagnetic wave signals of a second frequency f2, and the second radiation patches are arranged in gaps of the first radiation patch array at intervals; the second substrate and the first substrate are stacked at intervals along the first direction and are fixedly connected, a third radiation patch is arranged at a position, corresponding to the first radiation patch, on the second substrate, and a fourth radiation patch is arranged at a position, corresponding to the second radiation patch, on the second substrate. The size of the directional detection antenna of the unmanned aerial vehicle is reduced.

The invention discloses a millimeter-wave broadband high-gain low-cross polarization cavity-backed patch array antenna, which comprises a top antenna layer, a substrate integrated waveguide (SIW) cavity power divider layer and a bottom broadband feed network layer, and is characterized in that the top antenna layer is composed of a plurality of cavity-backed patch antenna units; each unit comprises an SIW dielectric back cavity and a patch antenna with two small grooves on the edge, a broken groove is added in the middle of the patch antenna to form two split small patch structures, and the patch antenna is grounded through two metal through holes. The SIW cavity power divider layer is composed of a plurality of broadband power dividers and serves as a transition structure of the antenna layer and the feed network layer, and array antenna layout is facilitated. The bottom broadband feed network layer is composed of a plurality of H-shaped sections, is a sixteen-path power divider, is cascaded with an SIW cavity power divider, and feeds the top array antenna. The array antenna structure has a broadband characteristic and a high gain characteristic, inhibits a cross polarization component, and realizes a low cross polarization characteristic.

The invention belongs to the technical field of antennas, and discloses an S / Ka waveband common-aperture antenna and communication equipment, and the antenna comprises a first dielectric plate and a second dielectric plate which are stacked from top to bottom. The top surface, the middle and the bottom surface of the first dielectric plate are respectively provided with a rectangular patch array, a first metal through hole and a first metal layer; wherein the rectangular patch array, the first metal through hole and the first metal layer form a magnetoelectric dipole antenna array; the magnetoelectric dipole antenna array works in a Ka wave band and is used for realizing satellite communication; the top surface, the middle and the bottom surface of the second dielectric plate are respectively provided with a second metal layer, a second metal through hole and a third metal layer; wherein the second metal layer, the second metal through hole and the third metal layer form a low-profile monopole antenna; the low-profile monopole antenna works in an S wave band and is used for realizing ground equipment communication; the structure is simple, different wave beams and polarization characteristics can be realized, the space utilization rate of the antenna is effectively improved, and the integration degree is high.

The present invention provides a dual board patch array antenna, comprising: a radio board; a first-layer antenna board and a second-layer antenna board; the ground plane of the radio board is in contact with the first radiation ground plane of the first-layer antenna board through a patch-type conductive pad to form an extended ground area of ground connection; the probes of the radio board pass through and contact the patch microwave transmission line of the first-layer antenna board to form an electrical connection; wherein the patch microwave transmission line is assigned to the antenna radiating element of the second-layer antenna board as a vertically polarized antenna and a horizontally polarized antenna; the antenna radiating element contacts the first radiation surface on the first-layer antenna board through the conductor pad on the first layer antenna board, so as to expand the radiation surface area of the dual board patch array antenna.

The broadband circular polarization conformal antenna adopts the combination of three layers of dielectric substrates and an air layer, and comprises an upper layer dielectric substrate, a middle layer dielectric substrate, a lower layer dielectric substrate, a central 2 * 2 corner cut square patch, a peripheral 16 corner cut square patch, a square feed patch with a rectangular groove formed along a diagonal line, a metal floor and a feed microstrip line, a metasurface structure is printed on the upper surface of the upper-layer dielectric substrate 1 and comprises a 2 * 2 corner cut square patch array 4 located in the center and 16 corner cut square patches 5 surrounding the center array; a square feed patch and a feed microstrip line are printed on the lower surface of the middle-layer dielectric substrate 2, the square feed patch is located at the dead center of the lower surface of the middle-layer dielectric substrate, and a rectangular groove is formed in the dead center of the square feed patch in the diagonal direction; and a complete metal floor is arranged on the lower surface of the lower dielectric substrate. The antenna has the characteristic of low profile, and the antenna can be conformal to a cylindrical surface carrier platform.

The application belongs to the technical field of antennas, and discloses an S / Ka-band common-aperture antenna and communication equipment, which comprises a first dielectric plate and a second dielectric plate stacked from top to bottom; the top surface, the middle and the bottom surface of the first dielectric plate are respectively provided with a rectangular patch array, a first metal through hole and a first metal layer; wherein the rectangular patch array, the first metal through hole and the first metal layer form a magneto-electric dipole antenna array; the magneto-electric dipole antenna array works in the Ka-band and is used for realizing satellite communication; the top surface, the middle and the bottom surface of the second dielectric plate are respectively provided with a second metal layer, a second metal through hole and a third metal layer; wherein the second metal layer, the second metal through hole and the third metal layer form a low-profile monopole antenna; the low-profile monopole antenna works in the S-band and is used for realizing ground equipment communication; the application has a simple structure, can realize different beams and polarization characteristics, effectively improves the space utilization rate of the antenna and has high integration.

The invention discloses a high-degree-of-freedom multi-antenna structure with a decoupling function, and the structure comprises a rectangular metal patch array which is formed by uniformly distributing m * n rectangular metal patches with the same size at intervals according to m rows and n columns, every two adjacent rectangular metal patches in each row and every two adjacent rectangular metal patches in each column are connected through a switch, in an initial state, all the switches are in an off state, the number of antennas included in the high-degree-of-freedom multi-antenna structure is recorded as N, and N is a positive integer; the N antennas are constructed by selecting N columns of rectangular metal patches from the rectangular metal patch array as N antenna construction columns, and the decoupling structure is constructed from other columns of rectangular metal patches except the N antenna construction columns in the rectangular metal patch array; the method has the advantages that the degree of freedom of design and optimization is high, and flexible expansion can be achieved.

The invention discloses a liquid crystal phase shifter for a phased-array antenna, and belongs to the technical field of microwave device engineering. The problems that an existing liquid crystal phase shifter is large in loss, low in figure of merit and long in physical length are solved. According to the liquid crystal phase shifter, the metal nanowire thin film and the patterned metal structure with the non-periodic metal patch array structure are combined, and the metal nanowire thin film is used for providing additional series distribution inductance for the liquid crystal phase shifter, so that the liquid crystal phase shifter can have larger phase shifting amount under the condition that the loss is not obviously increased; by combining the parallel distributed capacitance introduced by the non-periodic metal patch structure, the impedance mismatch of the liquid crystal phase shifter caused by the series distributed inductance introduced by the metal nanowire film and the higher insertion loss caused by the series distributed inductance are counteracted, the signal transmission is enhanced, and the performance of the liquid crystal phase shifter is improved. The purpose of reducing the insertion loss of the liquid crystal phase shifter is achieved, and a higher merit figure is achieved.

The invention provides a metalized rigid thermal insulation material for a patch antenna and a preparation method thereof, and belongs to the field of thermal insulation materials. The preparation method of the metalized rigid thermal insulation material for the patch antenna comprises the following steps of slurry preparation, suction filtration forming, densification treatment, metallization treatment and laser processing. According to the metalized rigid heat-insulating material for the patch antenna and the preparation method of the metalized rigid heat-insulating material, the loose and porous structural limitation of the rigid heat-insulating material can be effectively avoided, and a fine metal unit can be prepared on the surface of the rigid heat-insulating wave-transmitting material to play an antenna function; and therefore, the defects of serious electrical loss and insufficient temperature resistance of the existing patch array antenna can be effectively overcome.

A wave beam adjustable polarization reconfigurable broadband antenna based on a characteristic mode comprises a first dielectric plate, a second dielectric plate and a third dielectric plate from top to bottom in sequence, 3 * 3 square metal patch arrays arranged at equal intervals are printed on the upper surface of the first dielectric plate, a square driving patch is printed on the upper surface of the second dielectric plate, and a metal grounding plate is printed on the lower surface of the second dielectric plate. A feed network is printed on the lower surface of the third dielectric plate, and the square metal patch array and the square driving patch form a double-layer radiation structure, so that the antenna works in an unconventional electric field distribution mode, and the working bandwidth of the antenna is widened.

The invention discloses a C-band double-inductance circularly polarized leaky-wave antenna, and belongs to the technical field of microwave antennas. The parasitic patch regulates and controls the distribution of an electromagnetic field through the slotting design of the strip-shaped groove. The transmission line is located in the center of the dielectric substrate and keeps a reasonable interval with the parasitic patch to achieve a leaky wave function, and the metal floor serves as a reflecting surface to suppress back lobe radiation and improve forward gain. Through rotation of the strip-shaped groove at a groove angle of + / -10 degrees, left-hand circular polarization is realized in a frequency band of 6.235-6.583 GHz, and right-hand circular polarization is realized in a frequency band of 7.423-7.474 GHz. Meanwhile, by means of collaborative design of a parasitic patch array structure and a transmission line, a full-band S11lt is achieved; -10dB broadband impedance matching is achieved, and a main beam stably points to the vicinity of 22 degrees.

To provide a tabular composite material capable of sufficiently exerting an interference effect between antenna elements when used as a substrate of a micro strip patch array antenna.SOLUTION: A composite material is controlled to maintain a standard deviation of density values of plural areas obtained by dividing within a material, below a prescribed level, so that an interference effect between antenna elements can be fully exerted.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 1

The invention discloses a multilayer FSS MIMO antenna integrating line circular polarization conversion and decoupling functions, which comprises two layers of dielectric plates and three layers of metal patch layers, the two layers of dielectric plates and the three layers of metal patch layers are formed by mixed pressing, the three layers of metal patch layers and the two layers of dielectric plates are arranged in a staggered manner, and the metal patch layers are in close contact with the dielectric plates; the antenna further comprises a lower dielectric plate, the bottom plate of the lower dielectric plate is provided with a metal ground layer, the surface of the lower dielectric plate is provided with a patch antenna, the metal ground layer is provided with a feed port, and the feed port is communicated with the bottom surface of the lower dielectric plate. The antenna is applied to the sub-6 GHz frequency band, the functions of linear circular polarization conversion and decoupling are achieved at the same time, high isolation can be kept between 3 * 3 patch array antenna units through metasurface loading, directional diagram distortion is improved, efficiency and gain loss are improved, and energy waste is reduced. After linear circular polarization conversion, the polarization mismatch sensitivity of the MIMO antenna can be reduced, the multipath suppression capability of the MIMO antenna is improved, and the channel capacity of the MIMO antenna is expanded.

The invention discloses a dual-polarization flexible transparent array antenna with high isolation and low side lobe performance. The dual-polarization flexible transparent array antenna comprises a dielectric substrate, a grounding layer and a radiation patch array. The dielectric substrate is made of polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) with the thickness of 0.5 mm; according to the array antenna, 50-ohm microstrip line side feed power supply is adopted, an orthogonal series microstrip patch array is presented, a hollowed-out cross structure is adopted at the joint to excite a high-order mode, reverse current generated by the high-order mode is restrained at the same time, side lobes are effectively reduced, and the isolation degree of antenna gain and a dual-polarization port is improved; meanwhile, in order to further reduce side lobes, the gradually-changed patch width is adopted. The antenna is small in overall size, has the characteristics of low profile, high gain, high isolation and dual polarization, has good bending performance and transparency, and can be used as a beautified antenna for a millimeter wave wireless communication system.

An antenna assembly includes a first flexible layer including a conductive ground plane on a first layer of dielectric material, and a second flexible layer including a first array of conductive patches on a second layer of dielectric material. The antenna assembly further includes a second array of conductive patches on a third layer of dielectric material. The first, second, and third flexible layers are rollable or foldable, to provide a stowed position for the antenna assembly and a deployed position for the antenna assembly. In an example, the first array of conductive patches includes at least a first patch and a second patch, and the second array of conductive patches includes at least a third patch and a fourth patch. In the deployed position, the first patch is above the third patch and the ground plane, and the second patch is above the fourth patch and the ground plane.

Stacked patch array antenna 10, comprising; a first substrate 12 (e.g a ceramic); first array of patch radiators 16a arranged on first substrate; and second array of patch radiators 16b, each radiator

The application relates to an active electromagnetic energy selective surface, comprising a metal patch array, a diode array and a controlled feed structure; the metal patch array comprises a plurality of regularly-structured and spaced metal patches; the controlled feed structure comprises a first electrode patch and a second electrode patch; the diode array comprises a first diode array part and a second diode array part; along the transverse direction of the metal patch array, the first electrode patch is arranged on both sides of the metal patch array respectively, and the first diode array part is used for connecting adjacent metal patches and connecting adjacent metal patches and the first electrode patch; along the longitudinal direction of the metal patch array, the second electrode patch is arranged on both sides of the metal patch array respectively, and the second diode array part is used for connecting adjacent metal patches and connecting adjacent metal patches and the second electrode patch. The application effectively realizes the true receiving and transmitting compatibility of signals in the mode of introducing a bias circuit.

The invention discloses a conformal holographic metasurface antenna based on a double-layer cross embedded tensor unit, and aims to solve the problem of low surface wave-leaky wave conversion efficiency caused by inherent restriction of surface impedance modulation depth M and average impedance amplitude X of a traditional single-layer holographic metasurface antenna. An upper-layer and lower-layer cross-shaped groove patch array cross embedded topological structure is adopted, the vertical projection of a lower-layer unit is embedded into a gap region of an upper-layer unit, and the surface impedance dynamic modulation range is expanded under the sub-wavelength unit size by enhancing interlayer coupling, so that the leakage constant alpha is improved. On the basis of a holographic interference principle, surface impedance tensor modulation is realized by regulating and controlling geometric parameters of a unit, and a linearly polarized surface wave excited by a central feed source is efficiently converted into a right-handed circular polarization (RHCP) leakage wave beam with a specific angle at a frequency band of 26 GHz; in combination with a conformal mapping algorithm, the method is adaptive to a cylindrical surface with a curvature radius rho of 20-60mm, and has aperture efficiency gt; 39%, and the axial ratio is lt; 3dB, and the structure is compact.

The present invention discloses an X-band broadband high-gain dual-linear polarization microstrip antenna array, belonging to the field of antenna technology. It includes, from top to bottom, a parasitic patch array, a radiating patch array, a coupling slot layer, a horizontal polarization feeding network, an upper metal floor, a vertical polarization feeding network, and a bottom metal floor. The coupling slot layer has an H-shaped coupling slot, and the horizontal polarization feeding network couples and feeds the radiating patch array through the slot, and the vertical polarization feeding network directly feeds the radiating patch array through a probe. The present invention designs two sets of 1-to-16 feeding networks in a limited space through a reasonable layout, and ensures that all branches of each set of feeding networks are of equal amplitude and phase, thereby realizing the dual-linear polarization characteristics of the array.

The invention discloses a circularly polarized filtering grid slotted patch antenna based on a substrate integrated gap waveguide. The antenna adopts a multi-layer stacked structure and comprises a first dielectric substrate, a second dielectric substrate, a third dielectric substrate and a fourth dielectric substrate which are arranged from top to bottom and bonding layers among the first dielectric substrate and the fourth dielectric substrate, four corner cut square patches are arranged on the upper surface of the first dielectric substrate, and two corner cut rectangular patches are arranged on the lower surface of the first dielectric substrate; the upper surface of the second dielectric substrate is provided with a cross strip and four parasitic strips, and the lower surface of the second dielectric substrate is provided with a circular ring; a rectangular metal patch with a gap is arranged on the upper surface of the third dielectric substrate, and a forked microstrip feed structure and two folding strips are arranged on the lower surface of the third dielectric substrate; the upper surface of the fourth dielectric substrate is provided with a circular metal patch array, the lower surface of the fourth dielectric substrate is provided with a rectangular metal patch as large as the fourth dielectric, and the upper surface and the lower surface of the fourth dielectric substrate are connected through a metal column to jointly form an electromagnetic band gap structure. The invention has excellent upper stop band suppression capability.

The application discloses a low-profile conformal low-scattering array antenna and belongs to the technical field of antennas. The low-profile conformal low-scattering array antenna comprises a metal bottom plate layer, a coupling feed layer, a microstrip radiation patch layer, a frequency selection layer and a polarization grid surface layer which are stacked in sequence. The microstrip radiation patch layer comprises a plurality of array patch arrays, each of which is composed of 2*2 radiation patches and forms a cross slot without contact between the radiation patches. The main body of the coupling feed layer is a cross strip. The projection of the cross strip on the microstrip radiation patch layer is located in the cross slot of the corresponding patch array, and the width of the cross strip is smaller than the width of the cross slot. A radio frequency connector is located on the metal bottom plate layer, the inner core of the radio frequency connector is connected with one end of the cross strip through the metal bottom plate layer, and the outer skin of the radio frequency connector is connected with the metal bottom plate. On the basis of guaranteeing the radiation performance of the array antenna, the low-profile conformal low-scattering array antenna can realize wide-band, wide-angle domain RCS reduction of the array antenna.

The invention discloses an etched microstrip line type broadband wide-beam patch array antenna based on side feeding. The antenna comprises an antenna array layer, an integrated waveguide layer and a grounding layer which are arranged in sequence. The antenna array layer is formed by linearly arranging a plurality of antenna units, each linear unit comprises a feeder line, one end of each feeder line is connected with a rectangular transmission line, and one side of each rectangular transmission line is connected with a plurality of radiation units; and the rectangular transmission line is provided with a first rectangular groove, a second rectangular groove and a third rectangular groove to form an H-shaped feed network for feeding the side edges of the plurality of radiation units. The array antenna works in a frequency band range of 75GHz-85GHz, the beam width of the E surface ranges from-22 degrees to 24 degrees, the beam width of the H surface ranges from-40 degrees to 40 degrees, and the beam width of the H surface ranges from-18 degrees to 24 degrees at 78GHz, so that broadband of a millimeter wave frequency band and wide beams of the E surface and the H surface are realized.

The embodiment of the invention discloses a low-profile dual-frequency common-caliber antenna unit and antenna array sharing a radiation structure, and relates to the technical field of antennae, and the antenna unit comprises a radiation layer, a grounding layer and a feed layer. The radiation layer comprises a radiation patch array and a dielectric substrate; the grounding layer is tightly attached to the radiation layer, and the grounding layer is provided with a coupling gap; the feed layer comprises a low-frequency feed line, a high-frequency feed line and a dielectric substrate, the feed layer is tightly attached to the grounding layer through the dielectric substrate, and the low-frequency feed line and the coupling gap form a low-frequency feed structure which is used for exciting all the radiation patch arrays to output low-frequency signals; and the high-frequency feed line and the coupling gap form a high-frequency feed structure which is used for exciting the local radiation patch array to output a high-frequency signal. According to the embodiment of the invention, dual-band directional and broadband radiation characteristics can be realized at the same time, array expansion is supported, and dual-band main lobe beam deflection and scanning can be realized. Compared with an existing antenna, the antenna has the advantages in structural multiplexing efficiency, profile control and dual-frequency common-caliber integration.