Modularized multi-stage energy storage system and dynamic power distribution method thereof

Abstract

The invention discloses a modular multi-stage energy storage system and a dynamic power distribution method thereof, the modular multi-stage energy storage system comprises a plurality of modular energy storage units, and each modular energy storage unit comprises an energy storage battery pack, a battery management module and a bidirectional DC / DC converter; the power regulation module is connected with the plurality of modular energy storage units; and the central control module is respectively connected with the plurality of modular energy storage units and the power regulation module, and controls the power regulation module to regulate the output power of each modular energy storage unit according to a preset rule. According to the modularized multi-stage energy storage system, flexible configuration of the system is realized through combination of a plurality of modularized energy storage units. And each modular energy storage unit has an independent structure and function, and can be conveniently added, reduced or replaced according to actual requirements, so that the expansibility of the system is greatly improved. Through the arrangement of different energy storage levels, the system can effectively meet the requirements for the energy storage system in different application scenarios according to diversified power requirements and power consumption scenarios.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention belongs to the technical field of energy storage systems, and in particular relates to a modular multi-level energy storage system and a dynamic power distribution method thereof. Background Art

[0002] As global demand for clean energy continues to grow, energy storage systems, as a key technology for achieving stable energy supply and efficient utilization, have garnered widespread attention and application. Traditional energy storage systems mostly utilize a single type of energy storage device with a relatively fixed structure, making it difficult to flexibly adjust their configuration based on actual needs. These systems present numerous limitations when faced with varying electricity usage scenarios and load fluctuations. On the one hand, the charge and discharge characteristics of a single type of energy storage device are relatively fixed, and cannot simultaneously meet diverse needs such as high-power, short-term discharge and low-power, long-term discharge. For example, in scenarios requiring emergency power peaks, traditional energy storage systems may be unable to meet demand in a timely manner due to insufficient power output. In scenarios requiring long-term, stable power supply, however, energy utilization efficiency may be low. On the other hand, the structure of traditional energy storage systems lacks flexibility, making modular expansion and upgrades difficult. When the system needs to increase storage capacity or improve performance, it often requires a large-scale overhaul of the entire system, which is not only costly but also difficult to implement. Furthermore, the power distribution process of traditional energy storage systems typically uses relatively simple control strategies, lacking real-time monitoring of energy storage unit status and accurate prediction of power demand. This leads to irrational power allocation, an inability to fully utilize the efficiency of the energy storage system, and a resulting waste of resources. Therefore, developing an energy storage system with a modular structure, capable of multi-level energy storage and equipped with an efficient power dynamic distribution method is of great practical significance for improving the flexibility, adaptability and energy utilization efficiency of the energy storage system. Summary of the Invention

[0003] The object of the present invention is to provide a modular multi-level energy storage system and a dynamic power distribution method thereof to solve the problems raised in the above background technology.

[0004] In view of this, the present invention provides a modular multi-level energy storage system, comprising: a plurality of modular energy storage units, each of the modular energy storage units comprising an energy storage battery pack, a battery management module, and a bidirectional DC / DC converter; The energy storage battery pack is used to store and release electrical energy; The battery management module is used to monitor and manage the status of the energy storage battery pack; The bidirectional DC / DC converter is used to realize bidirectional energy conversion between the energy storage battery pack and the system DC bus; a power regulation module connected to the plurality of modular energy storage units and configured to regulate the output power of each modular energy storage unit; The central control module is connected to the multiple modular energy storage units and the power regulation module respectively. The central control module receives status information of each modular energy storage unit and controls the power regulation module to regulate the output power of each modular energy storage unit according to preset rules. In this embodiment, further, the multiple modular energy storage units are divided into multiple different energy storage levels. The capacity and charge-discharge characteristics of the modular energy storage units at the same energy storage level are the same, and the capacity and charge-discharge characteristics of the modular energy storage units at different energy storage levels are different. In this embodiment, further, the power regulation module includes multiple power regulation sub-modules, each of the power regulation sub-modules corresponds to the modular energy storage unit connected to the energy storage level, and the power regulation sub-module is used to adjust the output power of each modular energy storage unit in the corresponding energy storage level. In this embodiment, further, the modular energy storage unit also includes a communication module, which is used to realize data communication between the modular energy storage unit and the central control module and other modular energy storage units. The data communication includes status information and power adjustment instructions of the modular energy storage unit. In this embodiment, further, the modular multi-level energy storage system also includes an energy management module, which is connected to the central control module. The energy management module is used to predict the power demand of the system and send the prediction results to the central control module. The central control module controls the power regulation module to perform power distribution based on the prediction results and the status information of each modular energy storage unit.

[0005] In this embodiment, the following steps are further included: The central control module obtains status information of each modular energy storage unit, wherein the status information includes the remaining power, charge and discharge current, and operating temperature of the energy storage battery pack; The energy management module predicts the power demand of the system and sends the prediction results to the central control module; The central control module generates power adjustment instructions for each modular energy storage unit according to the status information of the modular energy storage unit and the power demand of the system in accordance with the preset power allocation rules; The central control module sends the power adjustment instruction to the power adjustment module; The power regulation module regulates the output power of each modular energy storage unit according to the power regulation instruction. In this embodiment, further, the preset power allocation rule is: modular energy storage units with high remaining power and good charge and discharge performance are preferentially enabled for power output; when the system power demand is large, modular energy storage units of different energy storage levels are enabled in sequence. In this embodiment, further, in the process of adjusting the output power of each modular energy storage unit, the following steps are further included: Real-time monitoring of the working status of each modular energy storage unit; When an abnormality is detected in a modular energy storage unit, such as excessive temperature or charge / discharge current exceeding a threshold, the central control module generates an abnormality handling instruction and sends it to the power regulation module; The power regulation module reduces or cuts off the output power of the corresponding modular energy storage unit according to the abnormality handling instruction. In this embodiment, further, the step of the energy management module predicting the power demand of the system includes: Collect system historical power data; The historical power data is processed using a time series analysis algorithm to predict the power demand of the system within a period of time in the future. In this embodiment, further, the dynamic power allocation method of the modular multi-level energy storage system also includes: when the deviation between the actual power demand of the system and the predicted power demand exceeds a preset threshold, the central control module re-adjusts the power allocation strategy according to the status information and actual power demand of each modular energy storage unit, generates a new power regulation instruction and sends it to the power regulation module.

[0006] The beneficial effects of the present invention are: The modular multi-level energy storage system of the present invention achieves flexible system configuration through the combination of multiple modular energy storage units. Each modular energy storage unit has an independent structure and function and can be easily added, removed, or replaced according to actual needs, greatly improving the system's scalability. The configuration of different energy storage levels enables the system to flexibly call upon energy storage units with different characteristics to meet diverse power requirements and power usage scenarios, effectively meeting the requirements of the energy storage system in different application scenarios.

[0007] The coordinated operation of the power regulation module and the central control module enables the system to precisely adjust output power according to preset rules based on the status information of each modular energy storage unit. This approach not only fully utilizes the performance of each energy storage unit, but also prevents overuse of some units, extending the service life of the entire energy storage system. Furthermore, the energy management module's ability to predict system power demand provides a more scientific basis for power allocation, further improving the accuracy and effectiveness of power regulation.

[0008] The communication modules within the modular energy storage units enable data communication between each unit and the central control module and other units. This real-time data exchange enables the central control module to obtain detailed status information on each energy storage unit, enabling it to make more informed power regulation decisions. This also facilitates system monitoring and management, improving operational reliability and stability.

[0009] This dynamic power allocation method optimizes the allocation of energy storage resources by prioritizing modular energy storage units with high remaining capacity and good charge-discharge performance, and sequentially enabling units of different energy storage tiers based on system power requirements. This allocation strategy leverages the strengths of each energy storage unit, improving the overall efficiency of the energy storage system, reducing energy loss, and ensuring optimal system operation under varying power requirements.

[0010] During power regulation, the system monitors the operating status of modular energy storage units in real time and promptly reduces or cuts power output in response to abnormalities. This effectively avoids the risk of system failure due to a single energy storage unit failure, enhancing system stability and reliability. Furthermore, accurate prediction of system power demand and timely adjustment of power allocation strategies based on actual demand deviations further enhance the system's ability to cope with complex power consumption environments.

[0011] By collecting historical system power data and processing it using a time series analysis algorithm, the energy management module can accurately predict the system's power demand. Power allocation based on this prediction allows the energy storage system to better match actual power demand, avoiding energy waste, significantly improving energy efficiency, reducing operating costs, and enhancing the economic and environmental benefits of the energy storage system. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0012] The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application are clearly described below. Obviously, the embodiments described are part of the embodiments of the present application, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments in the present application, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field fall within the scope of protection of this application.

[0013] In the description of this application, it should be noted that the terms used herein are only for the purpose of describing specific embodiments and are not intended to limit the exemplary embodiments according to this application. Technologies, methods, and devices known to those of ordinary skill in the relevant art may not be discussed in detail, but where appropriate, such technologies, methods, and devices should be considered part of the authorization specification. In all examples shown and discussed herein, any specific values ​​should be interpreted as merely exemplary and not as limitations. Therefore, other examples of the exemplary embodiments may have different values.

[0014] It should be noted that, in the description of this application, the directions or positional relationships indicated by directional terms such as "front, back, up, down, left, right", "horizontal, vertical, vertical, horizontal" and "top, bottom" are usually based on directions or positional relationships, and are only for the convenience of describing this application and simplifying the description. Unless otherwise stated, these directional terms do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific direction or be constructed and operated in a specific direction, and therefore cannot be understood as limiting the scope of protection of this application; the directional terms "inside and outside" refer to the inside and outside relative to the outline of each component itself.

[0015] It should be noted that, in the present application, the terms "comprise", "include" or any other variants thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, so that a process, method, article or device comprising a series of elements includes not only those elements, but also other elements not explicitly listed, or also includes elements inherent to such process, method, article or device. In the absence of further restrictions, an element defined by the statement "comprises a ..." does not exclude the presence of other identical elements in the process, method, article or device comprising the element. In addition, it should be pointed out that the scope of the methods and devices in the embodiments of the present application is not limited to performing functions in the order shown or discussed, and may also include performing functions in a substantially simultaneous manner or in the opposite order according to the functions involved. For example, the described method may be performed in an order different from that described, and various steps may also be added, omitted, or combined. In addition, the features described with reference to certain examples may be combined in other examples.

[0016] This embodiment provides a modular multi-level energy storage system, comprising: a plurality of modular energy storage units, each of the modular energy storage units comprising an energy storage battery pack, a battery management module, and a bidirectional DC / DC converter; The energy storage battery pack is used to store and release electrical energy; The battery management module is used to monitor and manage the status of the energy storage battery pack; The bidirectional DC / DC converter is used to realize bidirectional energy conversion between the energy storage battery pack and the system DC bus; a power regulation module connected to the plurality of modular energy storage units and configured to regulate the output power of each modular energy storage unit; The central control module is connected to the multiple modular energy storage units and the power regulation module respectively. The central control module receives status information of each modular energy storage unit and controls the power regulation module to regulate the output power of each modular energy storage unit according to preset rules. In this embodiment, further, the multiple modular energy storage units are divided into multiple different energy storage levels. The capacity and charge-discharge characteristics of the modular energy storage units at the same energy storage level are the same, and the capacity and charge-discharge characteristics of the modular energy storage units at different energy storage levels are different. In this embodiment, further, the power regulation module includes multiple power regulation sub-modules, each of the power regulation sub-modules corresponds to the modular energy storage unit connected to the energy storage level, and the power regulation sub-module is used to adjust the output power of each modular energy storage unit in the corresponding energy storage level. In this embodiment, further, the modular energy storage unit also includes a communication module, which is used to realize data communication between the modular energy storage unit and the central control module and other modular energy storage units. The data communication includes status information and power adjustment instructions of the modular energy storage unit. In this embodiment, further, the modular multi-level energy storage system also includes an energy management module, which is connected to the central control module. The energy management module is used to predict the power demand of the system and send the prediction results to the central control module. The central control module controls the power regulation module to perform power distribution based on the prediction results and the status information of each modular energy storage unit.

[0017] Taking lithium-ion battery packs as an example of energy storage, in practical applications, lithium-ion battery cells of appropriate capacity and specifications can be selected for series-parallel combinations based on energy storage requirements. The battery management module uses a dedicated battery management chip, such as a Texas Instruments BMS chip, to collect real-time data such as the lithium-ion battery pack's voltage, current, and temperature, and calculates the remaining charge (SOC) and state of health (SOH) using an internal algorithm. The bidirectional DC / DC converter utilizes a bidirectional full-bridge DC / DC circuit topology, which offers high efficiency and power density, meeting the requirements for efficient energy conversion between the lithium-ion battery pack and the system's DC bus. The communication module utilizes the CAN bus communication protocol, which features strong anti-interference capabilities and fast transmission rates, ensuring stable data communication between the modular energy storage units, the central control module, and other modular energy storage units.

[0018] Assume that modular energy storage units are divided into three energy storage levels: the first level is high-power, equipped with a lithium battery pack with a high discharge rate, suitable for short-term high-power discharge scenarios, such as responding to sudden high-power load demands on the power grid; the second level is medium-power, using a lithium battery pack with conventional performance to meet general power requirements; the third level is large-capacity, equipped with a large-capacity lithium battery pack, mainly used for long-term energy storage and stable power supply.

[0019] The three power regulation submodules within the power regulation module correspond to the modular energy storage units connected to the three energy storage tiers. Each power regulation submodule utilizes a digital signal processor (DSP) as its core controller, regulating the output power of the modular energy storage units by controlling the drive signals for the switching devices of the bidirectional DC / DC converters. The central control module utilizes an industrial-grade embedded control system, such as an ARM-based processor, which offers powerful data processing and computational capabilities. The central control module communicates with each modular energy storage unit and the power regulation module via the CAN bus, obtaining real-time energy storage unit status information. Based on pre-set power allocation rules and predictions from the energy management module, the central control module sends power regulation commands to the power regulation module.

[0020] The energy management module collects real-time system power data from power sensors installed throughout the system and stores the data in a local database. It uses an LSTM neural network algorithm to analyze and process historical power data. The LSTM neural network has powerful time-series data processing capabilities and can effectively capture changing patterns in power data. The energy management module regularly forecasts system power demand for the next 24 hours daily and sends the results to the central control module. If the system operating environment or power usage patterns change significantly, the energy management module promptly updates the forecast model and re-forecasts power demand to ensure accurate predictions.

[0021] In this embodiment, the following steps are further included: The central control module obtains status information of each modular energy storage unit, wherein the status information includes the remaining power, charge and discharge current, and operating temperature of the energy storage battery pack; The energy management module predicts the power demand of the system and sends the prediction results to the central control module; The central control module generates power adjustment instructions for each modular energy storage unit according to the status information of the modular energy storage unit and the power demand of the system in accordance with the preset power allocation rules; The central control module sends the power adjustment instruction to the power adjustment module; The power regulation module regulates the output power of each modular energy storage unit according to the power regulation instruction. In this embodiment, further, the preset power allocation rule is: modular energy storage units with high remaining power and good charge and discharge performance are preferentially enabled for power output; when the system power demand is large, modular energy storage units of different energy storage levels are enabled in sequence. In this embodiment, further, in the process of adjusting the output power of each modular energy storage unit, the following steps are further included: Real-time monitoring of the working status of each modular energy storage unit; When an abnormality is detected in a modular energy storage unit, such as excessive temperature or charge / discharge current exceeding a threshold, the central control module generates an abnormality handling instruction and sends it to the power regulation module; The power regulation module reduces or cuts off the output power of the corresponding modular energy storage unit according to the abnormality handling instruction. In this embodiment, further, the step of the energy management module predicting the power demand of the system includes: Collect system historical power data; The historical power data is processed using a time series analysis algorithm to predict the power demand of the system within a period of time in the future. In this embodiment, further, the dynamic power allocation method of the modular multi-level energy storage system also includes: when the deviation between the actual power demand of the system and the predicted power demand exceeds a preset threshold, the central control module re-adjusts the power allocation strategy according to the status information and actual power demand of each modular energy storage unit, generates a new power regulation instruction and sends it to the power regulation module.

[0022] After the system starts, the central control module obtains status information from each modular energy storage unit via the CAN bus every five minutes. Simultaneously, the energy management module predicts the system's power demand for the next 24 hours at 1:00 a.m. each day and sends the forecast results to the central control module. For example, in a forecast for a particular day, the energy management module estimates that 9:00 a.m. to 11:00 a.m. will be the peak electricity demand period, when power demand will reach its peak. Based on the obtained modular energy storage unit status information and power demand forecast results, the central control module makes preliminary plans for the power output of each modular energy storage unit according to preset power allocation rules. For modular energy storage units with high remaining power and good charge and discharge performance, higher power output instructions are preferentially assigned; for units with low remaining power or poor performance, their power output is reduced or suspended.

[0023] After the power regulation module receives the power regulation command sent by the central control module, each power regulation submodule immediately adjusts the power of the modular energy storage unit at the corresponding energy storage level. During the regulation process, the system monitors the operating status of the modular energy storage unit in real time through temperature sensors, current sensors, etc. installed in the modular energy storage unit. When it detects that the temperature of a modular energy storage unit exceeds 60°C or the charge and discharge current exceeds 120% of the rated value, the central control module will immediately generate an exception handling instruction and send it to the power regulation module via the CAN bus. After the power regulation module receives the instruction, the corresponding power regulation submodule will reduce the output power of the modular energy storage unit; if the abnormal situation persists or further deteriorates, the power regulation submodule will cut off the output of the unit and send an alarm signal to the operator, prompting troubleshooting and handling.

[0024] The energy management module continuously monitors the system's actual power demand and compares it with the predicted power demand. If the actual power demand deviates from the predicted power demand by more than 15%, the central control module recalibrates the power allocation strategy based on the latest status information and actual power demand of each modular energy storage unit. For example, during peak hours, if the actual power demand exceeds the predicted value by 20%, the central control module will sequentially activate modular energy storage units at different energy storage levels, recalculate and generate new power regulation instructions, and send them to the power regulation module to ensure that the system can meet the actual power demand and maintain stable operation.

[0025] The embodiments of the present application are described above. Unless there is a conflict, the embodiments and features in the embodiments of the present application can be combined with each other. The present application is not limited to the above-mentioned specific implementation methods. The above-mentioned specific implementation methods are merely illustrative and not restrictive. Under the guidance of the present application, ordinary technicians in this field can also make many forms without departing from the purpose of the present application and the scope of protection of the claims, all of which are within the protection of the present application.

Claims

1. A modular multi-level energy storage system, characterized in that: include: Multiple modular energy storage units, each of which includes an energy storage battery pack, a battery management module, and a bidirectional DC / DC converter; The energy storage battery pack is used to store and release electrical energy; The battery management module is used to monitor and manage the status of the energy storage battery pack; The bidirectional DC / DC converter is used to realize bidirectional energy conversion between the energy storage battery pack and the system DC bus; a power regulation module connected to the plurality of modular energy storage units and configured to regulate the output power of each modular energy storage unit; The central control module is connected to the multiple modular energy storage units and the power regulation module respectively. The central control module receives status information of each modular energy storage unit and controls the power regulation module to regulate the output power of each modular energy storage unit according to preset rules.

2. The modular multi-level energy storage system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The multiple modular energy storage units are divided into multiple different energy storage levels. The capacity and charge-discharge characteristics of the modular energy storage units at the same energy storage level are the same, and the capacity and charge-discharge characteristics of the modular energy storage units at different energy storage levels are different.

3. The modular multi-level energy storage system according to claim 2, characterized in that: The power regulation module includes multiple power regulation sub-modules, each of which is connected to a modular energy storage unit of the energy storage level, and the power regulation sub-module is used to regulate the output power of each modular energy storage unit in the corresponding energy storage level.

4. The modular multi-level energy storage system according to claim 3, characterized in that: The modular energy storage unit also includes a communication module, which is used to realize data communication between the modular energy storage unit and the central control module and other modular energy storage units. The data communication includes status information and power adjustment instructions of the modular energy storage unit.

5. The modular multi-level energy storage system according to claim 4, characterized in that: It also includes an energy management module, which is connected to the central control module. The energy management module is used to predict the power demand of the system and send the prediction results to the central control module. The central control module controls the power regulation module to distribute power based on the prediction results and the status information of each modular energy storage unit.

6. The method for dynamic power distribution of a modular multi-level energy storage system according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: The central control module obtains status information of each modular energy storage unit, wherein the status information includes the remaining power, charge and discharge current, and operating temperature of the energy storage battery pack; The energy management module predicts the power demand of the system and sends the prediction results to the central control module; The central control module generates power adjustment instructions for each modular energy storage unit according to the status information of the modular energy storage unit and the power demand of the system in accordance with the preset power allocation rules; The central control module sends the power adjustment instruction to the power adjustment module; The power regulation module regulates the output power of each modular energy storage unit according to the power regulation instruction.

7. The method for dynamic power distribution of a modular multi-level energy storage system according to claim 6, characterized in that: The preset power allocation rule is: give priority to enabling modular energy storage units with high remaining power and good charge and discharge performance for power output; when the system power demand is large, enable modular energy storage units of different energy storage levels in turn.

8. The method for dynamic power distribution of a modular multi-level energy storage system according to claim 7, characterized in that: The process of adjusting the output power of each modular energy storage unit also includes: Real-time monitoring of the working status of each modular energy storage unit; When an abnormality is detected in a modular energy storage unit, such as excessive temperature or charge / discharge current exceeding a threshold, the central control module generates an abnormality handling instruction and sends it to the power regulation module; The power regulation module reduces or cuts off the output power of the corresponding modular energy storage unit according to the abnormality handling instruction.

9. The method for dynamic power distribution of a modular multi-level energy storage system according to claim 8, characterized in that: The step of predicting the power demand of the system by the energy management module includes: Collect system historical power data; The historical power data is processed using a time series analysis algorithm to predict the power demand of the system within a period of time in the future.

10. The method for dynamic power distribution of a modular multi-level energy storage system according to claim 9, characterized in that: Also includes: When the deviation between the actual power demand and the predicted power demand of the system exceeds the preset threshold, the central control module adjusts the power allocation strategy based on the status information and actual power demand of each modular energy storage unit, generates a new power regulation instruction and sends it to the power regulation module.