Vehicle-mounted battery management system

Abstract

The invention provides a vehicle-mounted battery management system, and the system comprises an analog front-end module which is used for collecting the voltage of an external battery pack, and the voltage, current and temperature of each battery in the external battery pack; the processor module is used for generating an MOS control signal according to the battery pack voltage, the battery voltage, the battery current and the battery temperature; the driving circuit module is used for generating an MOS driving signal according to the MOS control signal; the charging MOS module is used for controlling the on-off of an external battery pack charging loop according to the MOS driving signal; the discharge MOS module is used for controlling the on-off of the discharge loop of the external battery pack according to the MOS driving signal; and the power distribution module is used for distributing the electric energy of the external battery pack according to multiple paths of preset output channels. A traditional battery management function and a high-voltage power distribution system are integrated, so that the system integration degree is improved, and the wiring complexity is reduced.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of battery management, and in particular to a vehicle-mounted battery management system. Background Art

[0002] With the development of electric two-wheelers, electric three-wheelers and new energy small vehicles, higher requirements are placed on power battery systems. Not only do they need to have accurate battery status monitoring capabilities, but they also need to achieve efficient and safe power distribution management.

[0003] Traditional power battery management systems typically adopt a separate design, where the battery management system is arranged separately from the high-voltage power distribution system. Although this separate architecture offers a certain degree of design flexibility, it also presents significant problems. First, the separate design results in low system integration and occupies a large installation space, which cannot meet the needs of current lightweight and miniaturized vehicle platforms. In addition, in traditional systems, the BMS and PDU are connected by wiring harnesses, which have low communication efficiency, delayed fault response, and pose safety risks. Overly complex wiring harnesses may also increase the number of failure points in the system, reducing the reliability and maintainability of the entire vehicle system. Therefore, there is an urgent need for a highly integrated battery management system with intelligent protection functions that can simultaneously complete battery status detection, intelligent power distribution, and rapid fault response to improve the safety, reliability, and maintenance efficiency of the system. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of the present invention is to provide an on-vehicle battery management system to solve the problems in the prior art caused by the separation of the battery management system and the high-voltage distribution system, resulting in low system integration, large space occupancy, complex wiring, untimely fault response and lack of intelligent protection mechanism.

[0005] In order to achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides a vehicle-mounted battery management system, comprising:

[0006] an analog front-end module, configured to collect the battery pack voltage of an external battery pack and the battery voltage, battery current, and battery temperature of each battery in the external battery pack;

[0007] a processor module, configured to generate a MOS control signal according to the battery pack voltage, the battery voltage, the battery current, and the battery temperature;

[0008] A driving circuit module, configured to generate a MOS driving signal according to the MOS control signal;

[0009] A charging MOS module, configured to control the on / off of the external battery pack charging circuit according to the MOS drive signal;

[0010] A discharge MOS module, configured to control the on / off of the discharge circuit of the external battery pack according to the MOS drive signal;

[0011] The power distribution module is used to distribute the electric energy of the external battery pack according to multiple preset output channels.

[0012] Furthermore, the vehicle-mounted battery management system further includes:

[0013] The electronic fuse module is used to collect the battery pack current of the external battery pack and disconnect the power supply circuit of the external battery pack when the battery pack current exceeds a preset battery pack current threshold.

[0014] Furthermore, the processor module is further configured to obtain a battery pack current threshold adjustment parameter of the external battery pack;

[0015] The electronic fuse module is further configured to modify the preset battery pack current threshold according to the battery pack current threshold adjustment parameter.

[0016] Furthermore, the electronic fuse module is also used to reconnect the power supply circuit of the external battery pack after a preset delay time when the power supply circuit of the external battery is disconnected.

[0017] Furthermore, the vehicle-mounted battery management system further includes:

[0018] ACC wake-up module, used to receive the ACC signal sent by the vehicle controller and generate a wake-up signal according to the ACC signal;

[0019] The processor is further configured to start the sleep state if the wake-up signal is not received, and exit the sleep state if the wake-up signal is received.

[0020] Furthermore, the vehicle-mounted battery management system further includes:

[0021] The CAN module is used to transmit the battery pack voltage, the battery voltage, the battery current and the battery temperature to the vehicle controller; and receive the MOS control signal sent by the vehicle controller.

[0022] Furthermore, the power distribution module includes:

[0023] Multiple electronic fuse units are respectively arranged on the multiple preset output channels of the power distribution module, and are used to collect the channel currents of the multiple preset output channels, and disconnect the power supply circuit of the preset output channel when the channel current of the preset output channel exceeds a preset channel current threshold.

[0024] Furthermore, the discharge MOS module is also used to collect the battery pack current of the external battery pack, and disconnect the power supply circuit of the external battery pack when the battery pack current exceeds a preset battery pack current threshold.

[0025] Furthermore, the analog front-end module is further configured to calculate an average voltage of battery voltages of the plurality of batteries, determine an over-pressure battery whose battery voltage is higher than the average voltage, and activate a balancing channel corresponding to the over-pressure battery.

[0026] Furthermore, the vehicle-mounted battery management system further includes:

[0027] A watchdog module is used to generate a reset signal if no reset clear signal is received within a preset period;

[0028] The processor module is further configured to generate a reset clear signal according to a preset period, and restart upon receiving the reset signal.

[0029] The present invention proposes a highly integrated vehicle-mounted battery management system, which constructs a fully functional and compact intelligent power management architecture by integrating an analog front-end, a processor, a drive circuit, a charge and discharge control, and a multi-channel power distribution module. Compared with the design of traditional separate BMS and distribution boxes, the present invention has significant advantages in terms of system integration, control accuracy, and fault response efficiency. The battery pack voltage, cell voltage, current, and temperature are fully collected through the analog front-end module, and the processor module generates accurate MOS control signals to achieve intelligent management of the charging MOS and the discharging MOS, ensuring the safety and stability of the system under different operating conditions. At the same time, the power distribution module supports multi-channel current output distribution to meet the diverse power supply requirements of complex electrical systems. The integrated system effectively simplifies the hardware architecture, reduces external wiring harnesses and inter-module communication interfaces, and reduces the complexity and wiring cost of the entire vehicle system. In particular, in new energy vehicle applications that require high reliability and fast response, it can significantly improve the real-time and accuracy of overcurrent protection, enhance the safety and maintenance convenience of the system. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0030] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application, the following briefly introduces the drawings required for use in the description of the embodiments. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present application. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative work.

[0031] Figure 1 This is a structural block diagram of a vehicle-mounted battery management system of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0032] The technical solution of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0033] like Figure 1 As shown, the present invention provides a vehicle-mounted battery management system, comprising:

[0034] an analog front-end module, configured to collect the battery pack voltage of an external battery pack and the battery voltage, battery current, and battery temperature of each battery in the external battery pack;

[0035] a processor module, configured to generate a MOS control signal according to the battery pack voltage, the battery voltage, the battery current, and the battery temperature;

[0036] A driving circuit module, configured to generate a MOS driving signal according to the MOS control signal;

[0037] A charging MOS module, configured to control the on / off of the external battery pack charging circuit according to the MOS drive signal;

[0038] A discharge MOS module, configured to control the on / off of the discharge circuit of the external battery pack according to the MOS drive signal;

[0039] The power distribution module is used to distribute the electric energy of the external battery pack according to multiple preset output channels.

[0040] Specifically, the on-board battery management system has multi-level monitoring, intelligent control and multi-channel energy distribution capabilities, including an analog front-end module, a processor module, a drive circuit module, a charging MOS module, a discharging MOS module and a power distribution module. The analog front-end module is equipped with a high-precision analog-to-digital converter and a multi-channel sampling circuit to collect multi-dimensional data from the external battery pack, including but not limited to the overall battery pack voltage, the voltage of the single battery cell, the current parameters, the temperature parameters, etc. It supports thermocouple sensing, Hall current detection and multi-point sampling mechanism to achieve comprehensive monitoring of the battery operating status. The processor module uses a high-performance embedded processor or microcontroller unit to process and analyze the above-collected voltage, current and temperature data by executing adaptive state estimation algorithms such as extended Kalman filtering and neural network regression models, and judges the battery pack's state of charge, health status and remaining usable life in real time, and generates MOSFET control signals with timing logic and protection conditions accordingly. The drive circuit module includes multiple MOS gate drivers and protection circuits, which are responsible for converting the low-level MOS control signals generated by the main controller into gate drive signals that meet the working requirements of the power-stage MOS tube, ensuring the rapid responsiveness of the control action and the safety of electrical isolation; the drive circuit module can have built-in secondary hardware protection mechanisms such as undervoltage lockout and temperature protection to enhance the system's anti-interference ability. The charging MOS module is connected to the charging path loop and is used to control the on and off of the charging channel based on the drive signal, thereby realizing dynamic adjustment and protection control of the charging process of the external battery pack; the charging MOS module can cooperate with the constant voltage and constant current charging strategy to improve charging efficiency and battery life. The discharge MOS module is set in the discharge path and is responsible for controlling the opening and closing of the discharge circuit according to the changing state of the drive electrical signal, so as to realize the orderly scheduling of load energy supply; at the same time, when abnormal operating conditions such as voltage lower limit, overcurrent, overheating, etc. are detected, the circuit can be immediately disconnected to prevent risks such as excessive discharge or thermal runaway. The power distribution module has multiple configurable output ports, such as 15A, 40A, 5.5A, 50A and other output channels. Through electronic switches and current management chips, according to the preset output channel configuration strategy, the electric energy stored in the external battery pack is distributed to different power load units on demand; the power distribution module can support load identification and priority scheduling mechanisms, realize differentiated power supply for various vehicle subsystems, such as drive systems, infotainment systems, and vehicle-mounted sensor equipment, and enhance the energy efficiency management capabilities of the entire vehicle.

[0041] Preferably, refer to Figure 1 , the vehicle-mounted battery management system further includes:

[0042] The electronic fuse module is used to collect the battery pack current of the external battery pack and disconnect the power supply circuit of the external battery pack when the battery pack current exceeds a preset battery pack current threshold.

[0043] Specifically, the on-board battery management system is further integrated with an electronic fuse module for real-time monitoring and overcurrent protection control of the external battery pack current. By integrating a high-precision current sampling circuit and a high-speed disconnection control circuit, the electronic fuse module can achieve dynamic perception of the battery pack output current without relying on traditional fuse components. The electronic fuse module collects the current output current of the battery pack through a low-resistance sampling resistor or a Hall effect-based current sensor, and uploads the sampling results to the system processor module in real time. When it is detected that the battery pack current exceeds the system's preset safe operation threshold, that is, the preset battery pack current threshold, the electronic fuse module will respond immediately and drive its internal switch tube, such as MOSFET or IGBT, to perform a circuit breaker operation, thereby quickly cutting off the power supply path between the battery pack and the downstream load, preventing device damage, line overheating or thermal runaway events caused by overcurrent. Compared with traditional mechanical or thermal fuses, the electronic fuse module can complete current detection and circuit-breaking control in microseconds, which is significantly better than the millisecond delay of traditional fuses; the circuit-breaking state of the electronic fuse module can be reset through software commands or system recovery logic, without the need to replace components, improving maintenance convenience; the electronic fuse module can support multi-level overcurrent limit settings, dynamically adjust the protection strategy in combination with the battery status, and achieve precise protection and system adaptive regulation; the disconnection action of the electronic fuse module can be synchronously recorded in the event log or uploaded to the vehicle control center, assisting in the remote diagnosis and early warning analysis of the electrical system. The introduction of the electronic fuse module significantly enhances the current protection capability and system robustness of the vehicle-mounted battery management system of the present invention, and is suitable for complex application scenarios such as overcurrent protection of high-voltage battery packs, sudden load control, and distributed power supply safety management.

[0044] Preferably, refer to Figure 1 , the processor module is further used to obtain a battery pack current threshold adjustment parameter of the external battery pack;

[0045] The electronic fuse module is further configured to modify the preset battery pack current threshold according to the battery pack current threshold adjustment parameter.

[0046] Specifically, the processor module is further configured to execute dynamic current protection threshold management logic, obtain battery pack current threshold adjustment parameters associated with the external battery pack, and dynamically adjust the overcurrent protection strategy in the electronic fuse module based on these parameters. The battery pack current threshold adjustment parameters can be calculated from sources including the battery pack's current state of charge, battery pack temperature distribution, current vehicle operating mode, historical load statistics, and safety policy configuration instructions issued from the vehicle controller or cloud management platform. After obtaining these parameters, the processor module generates an optimal current threshold recommendation for the current operating state through a local algorithm model or rule logic. The electronic fuse module is used to receive the threshold adjustment parameters or calculation results provided by the processor module and dynamically update its internal preset battery pack current threshold accordingly. The current threshold update process can be completed automatically during system operation without manual intervention, and supports smooth transition to avoid false triggering or protection delays due to sudden threshold changes. By introducing a threshold adaptive adjustment mechanism, the electronic fuse module can not only implement a static threshold protection function, but also automatically adjust the protection sensitivity according to the actual operating environment of the battery and the vehicle operating conditions, thereby improving the adaptability of the system. Under special conditions such as high load or short-term startup, the current threshold can be reasonably increased to avoid system abnormalities caused by erroneous power outages. When the battery is in poor condition or has aged significantly, the threshold is automatically lowered to intervene in the protection process in advance to prevent the battery from overstressing. Through OTA, protection strategies for different vehicle models or user scenarios can be issued in real time to achieve on-demand customization of the system. Through the linkage mechanism between the processor module and the electronic fuse module, a multi-level overcurrent protection framework with intelligent perception, dynamic judgment, and flexible regulation capabilities is constructed, further improving the safety assurance capability and system robustness of the vehicle-mounted battery management system of the present invention in actual application environments.

[0047] Preferably, the electronic fuse module is further configured to reconnect the power supply circuit of the external battery pack after a preset delay time when the power supply circuit of the external battery is disconnected.

[0048] Specifically, the electronic fuse module is configured to activate fault recovery logic after the external battery pack's power supply circuit is disconnected. If pre-set safety conditions are met, the power supply circuit is reconnected after a preset delay window, implementing self-recovery control and management of the power supply link. The preset delay time can be set based on the system's fault tolerance strategy. The specific length can be dynamically determined based on parameters such as fault type, battery pack status, and ambient temperature to prevent frequent on-off operations from impacting system hardware. Furthermore, this delay mechanism can serve as a means of filtering out transient anomalies. When the disconnection is triggered by a short, sudden current fluctuation rather than a sustained overcurrent, the system uses a delayed reconnection mechanism to determine whether automatic recovery is permitted, ensuring power supply stability and system fault tolerance. To improve system robustness and reconnection determination accuracy, the electronic fuse module resamples the current battery pack voltage, current, and temperature during the delay period; receives fault diagnosis results and reconnection authorization instructions from the processor module; assesses the current load conditions and whether there is a risk of a persistent anomaly; and simultaneously reports the fault status to the upper-level controller and requests recovery authorization. The electronic fuse module will automatically close the power supply circuit after the delay period only if the cause of the disconnection has been resolved, no persistent overcurrent or anomaly is detected, the processor module issues a reclose command or detects no forced lockout signal, the safety cooldown time or current dropout time exceeds the system's set lower limit, and other customized fault shielding windows are not triggered. This delayed reconnection mechanism not only enables the system to quickly respond to and effectively disconnect power supply anomalies, but also possesses a certain degree of self-healing capability, restoring power while ensuring safety. This effectively reduces reliance on manual intervention and improves the intelligence and practicality of the battery management system.

[0049] Preferably, refer to Figure 1 , the vehicle-mounted battery management system further includes:

[0050] ACC wake-up module, used to receive the ACC signal sent by the vehicle controller and generate a wake-up signal according to the ACC signal;

[0051] The processor is further configured to start the sleep state if the wake-up signal is not received, and exit the sleep state if the wake-up signal is received.

[0052] Specifically, the vehicle battery management system also includes an ACC wake-up module, which is configured to receive ACC signals from the vehicle controller and generate a corresponding wake-up signal based on the received ACC signal. When the vehicle controller issues an ACC signal, the wake-up module immediately responds and sends a wake-up instruction to the processor via a specific voltage or digital signal pattern. The ACC signal is typically activated when the vehicle starts or enters a specific mode. Through the wake-up mechanism of the ACC wake-up module, the vehicle battery management system can automatically switch from energy-saving mode to active mode, ensuring optimal allocation of system resources. The processor module is further configured to control the system's sleep and wake-up states based on whether the wake-up signal is received. When the system is operating in low-power mode and does not receive an ACC wake-up signal, the processor activates sleep mode, entering deep sleep to minimize energy consumption, thereby improving system energy efficiency and battery life. In sleep mode, the system temporarily deactivates most hardware functions, maintaining only ACC signal monitoring to enable rapid resumption of operation when necessary. Upon receiving a wake-up signal from the ACC wake-up module, the processor resumes sleep mode, triggering the reinitialization of relevant hardware modules and quickly resuming normal operation. The processor module controls the battery management system (BMS) to restart battery voltage, current, and temperature monitoring to ensure real-time battery status information. It also reestablishes communication with the vehicle bus or external control modules, restoring data exchange between systems. It activates various BMS hardware modules, such as current control and MOS drivers, to support real-time power regulation and protection. It also adjusts battery charge and discharge strategies and load distribution based on the current vehicle and battery pack status. Furthermore, to enhance system response efficiency and accuracy, the ACC wake-up module features signal filtering and intelligent delay functions. This ensures that under certain conditions, such as slow vehicle starts or unstable ACC signals, the wake-up operation is only triggered at the appropriate time, avoiding false wake-ups or erroneous state transitions. This mechanism not only effectively conserves energy and reduces unnecessary battery consumption, but also rapidly restores core functions upon vehicle start, ensuring efficient and safe system operation. Furthermore, the combined sleep and wake-up mechanisms further enhance the intelligent battery management and improve the system's adaptability, automatically adjusting operating modes based on actual operating conditions, thereby increasing system lifespan and stability.

[0053] Preferably, refer to Figure 1 , the vehicle-mounted battery management system further includes:

[0054] The CAN module is used to transmit the battery pack voltage, the battery voltage, the battery current and the battery temperature to the vehicle controller; and receive the MOS control signal sent by the vehicle controller.

[0055] Specifically, the vehicle battery management system also includes a CAN module. This module is responsible for transmitting key battery pack electrical parameters, including pack voltage, battery current, battery voltage, and battery temperature, to the vehicle controller in real time, ensuring the controller has access to the latest battery status data and can make timely adjustments. Furthermore, the CAN module features efficient data encapsulation and encryption, ensuring data transmission is free from external interference, enhancing the system's data transmission stability and information security. The CAN module supports the vehicle CAN bus protocol, enabling efficient communication with the vehicle controller and the ability to automatically adapt to various vehicle communication requirements. It not only supports the standard CAN 2.0A / B protocol but is also compatible with the increasingly common CAN FD protocol in vehicle networks. This allows for high-speed data transmission while ensuring the system can handle larger data packets, improving the information throughput of the vehicle battery management system. The CAN module also receives MOS control signals from the vehicle controller and converts them into specific battery management operations. MOS control signals are used to precisely control the battery pack's charge and discharge circuits, optimizing all aspects of battery management. The processor module precisely controls the battery's charging circuit's on / off state based on MOS control signals, preventing overcharging or undercharging, thereby extending battery life and ensuring safety. The processor module also adjusts the discharge circuit's state based on MOS control signals, ensuring the battery releases energy under appropriate conditions while avoiding damage or overheating caused by excessive discharge. The processor module adjusts the charge and discharge currents based on the specific battery status, using a balancing algorithm to ensure consistent charge status for each cell in the battery pack, preventing local overheating or overvoltage and ensuring system stability and safety. To enhance the system's adaptability to faults, the CAN module also features fault detection and diagnosis capabilities. In the event of communication packet loss, data anomalies, or battery anomalies, the module detects and reports error information to the vehicle controller in real time. Based on this information, the module adjusts the battery management strategy to ensure safe and stable operation of the battery system under diverse operating conditions. In addition to basic communication and control functions, the CAN module also features data caching and delay processing mechanisms to buffer data appropriately under high load conditions, preventing information loss and ensuring efficient system response during vehicle operation. Through the CAN module, the on-board battery management system can monitor the battery status and performance in real time, and accurately adjust the battery's operating status according to the instructions of the vehicle controller, providing more intelligent battery management capabilities.

[0056] Preferably, the power distribution module includes:

[0057] Multiple electronic fuse units are respectively arranged on the multiple preset output channels of the power distribution module, and are used to collect the channel currents of the multiple preset output channels, and disconnect the power supply circuit of the preset output channel when the channel current of the preset output channel exceeds a preset channel current threshold.

[0058] Specifically, the power distribution module includes multiple electronic fuse units, intelligently configured across its multiple pre-set output channels to precisely control and protect the battery pack's energy distribution. Each electronic fuse unit monitors and collects the current of its corresponding output channel, ensuring that the current of all output channels remains within a safe range during operation. Each electronic fuse unit integrates a high-precision current sensor that detects changes in channel current in real time. By continuously monitoring channel current, the electronic fuse unit can quickly respond and take appropriate protective measures when the current exceeds a preset channel current threshold. When the current exceeds the set threshold, the electronic fuse unit disconnects the power supply circuit, effectively preventing battery damage or fire risks caused by overload, short circuit, or other electrical faults. The electronic fuse unit incorporates an automatic reconnection mechanism: after the current returns to a safe range, after a preset time delay, the fuse unit automatically reconnects the power supply circuit. This feature not only reduces the need for manual intervention but also ensures rapid recovery and continued operation of the battery system after a fault. Furthermore, the electronic fuse unit utilizes digital control, using a built-in microcontroller to implement intelligent current monitoring and protection. The processor module dynamically adjusts the current threshold of the electronic fuse unit, automatically optimizing the current protection strategy based on the battery system's usage and environmental changes to meet the requirements of different load conditions. Furthermore, all current data and protection status are fed back to the onboard battery management system in real time for subsequent monitoring, alarms, and maintenance. Each electronic fuse unit is also equipped with a communication interface, enabling efficient data exchange with the onboard battery management system. Through these interfaces, the electronic fuse unit can send warnings to the system when a fault occurs and provide a fault log, assisting technicians in remote fault diagnosis and resolution. While ensuring the safety and stability of the battery system, the power distribution module, through the coordinated operation of multiple electronic fuse units, achieves more efficient power distribution and management. Each channel's current control is independent of other channels, enhancing system flexibility and ensuring that the power distribution module maintains high reliability and safety even under high loads and large current fluctuations.

[0059] Preferably, the discharge MOS module is also used to collect the battery pack current of the external battery pack, and disconnect the power supply circuit of the external battery pack when the battery pack current exceeds a preset battery pack current threshold.

[0060] Specifically, the discharge MOS module not only performs traditional discharge control but also integrates advanced current monitoring and protection functions. By collecting and monitoring the battery pack current of the external battery pack in real time, it further enhances the safety and stability of the battery system. The discharge MOS module features a built-in high-precision current sensor that continuously monitors the battery pack current. This dynamic current detection accurately determines the battery pack discharge status, providing real-time insights into the pack's load. If the battery pack current exceeds a preset current threshold, the discharge MOS module immediately disconnects the power supply circuit. This prevents excessive current from causing battery overheating, damage, or safety hazards, such as increased internal resistance or fire risk caused by overheating. This ensures the battery system responds quickly to high loads or abnormal currents, promptly shutting off the current path and reducing potential failure risks. To adapt to different application scenarios and environmental conditions, the discharge MOS module also features an adaptive current threshold adjustment function. This automatically optimizes the current threshold based on factors such as the specific usage status of the external battery pack, ambient temperature, and load variations, effectively improving the stability of the battery management system in complex environments and ensuring efficient system operation. The discharge MOS module not only determines thresholds based on battery pack current but also incorporates multiple factors, including battery temperature, health status, and internal impedance, to form a comprehensive protection strategy. Exceeding the current threshold, excessive battery temperature, or decreased battery health can also trigger power-off protection, further enhancing the system's fault protection capabilities. When the battery power circuit is disconnected, the discharge MOS module sends a fault report and relevant data, such as current, voltage, and temperature, to the vehicle's battery management system through the system's feedback mechanism. This data helps technicians or the system further analyze the fault cause, conduct remote diagnosis and repair, and improve troubleshooting efficiency. Once the external battery pack current returns to normal, the discharge MOS module automatically reconnects the power circuit based on a preset delay and battery recovery conditions. This automatic reconnection mechanism not only ensures reliable system operation but also avoids unnecessary power outages, helping to improve battery efficiency and overall vehicle performance. The discharge MOS module integrates advanced fault diagnosis algorithms that automatically trigger an alarm system when abnormal fluctuations in key parameters such as current, temperature, and voltage occur. The system alerts the user through a visual interface, sound, or notification, ensuring that effective measures can be taken at the earliest possible stage, minimizing fault escalation and system downtime. To ensure the battery management system's high responsiveness, the discharge MOS module utilizes low-latency electronic control and high-precision current detection technology. It reacts instantly when the current exceeds the set threshold, ensuring immediate battery safety. The discharge MOS module not only provides basic current overload protection but also enhances the safety, stability, and reliability of the vehicle battery system through intelligent, multi-level protection strategies, big data feedback, and fault detection.This design provides all-round intelligent protection for the vehicle's battery management system, laying the foundation for the long-term, efficient and safe operation of the battery.

[0061] Preferably, the analog front-end module is further used to calculate the voltage average of the battery voltages of the plurality of batteries, determine the over-pressure battery whose battery voltage is higher than the voltage average, and open the balancing channel corresponding to the over-pressure battery.

[0062] Specifically, the AFE module not only collects basic parameters such as cell voltage, current, and temperature for each cell in the external battery pack, but also integrates an intelligent cell voltage balancing algorithm to optimize battery pack performance and extend battery life. Using high-precision analog circuitry, the AFE module collects real-time cell voltage data from multiple cells and calculates the average voltage of all cells based on this data. This calculation takes into account the number of cells in the battery pack, their capacity, and voltage fluctuations, ensuring that the average voltage is representative and accurate. By comparing this average voltage with the average voltage, the AFE module can accurately identify over-pressured cells in the battery pack. Over-pressured cells are cells whose voltage is significantly higher than the average voltage of the battery pack. These cells are typically overcharged and prone to overheating, capacity fading, and even damage. Therefore, identifying and addressing over-pressured cells in a timely manner is crucial to the stability and safety of the battery pack. Once an over-pressured cell is identified, the AFE module automatically activates the corresponding balancing channel. This balancing channel, through the cell voltage regulation circuit, transfers excess energy from the over-pressured cell to the lower-voltage cells in the battery pack, achieving voltage balancing between the cells. This process not only reduces the voltage of over-pressurized cells but also balances the overall voltage of the battery pack, preventing overcharging and shortened battery life. The AFE module is equipped with an intelligent adaptive balancing control system that adjusts its balancing strategy based on dynamic parameters such as battery pack usage, temperature fluctuations, and load requirements. For example, when the battery pack is under heavy load or charging, the system increases the balancing channel's power to prevent uneven charging and discharging within the battery pack. In the event of excessive temperature, the system automatically adjusts the balancing current to ensure battery pack safety. The AFE module features real-time monitoring, instantly adjusting the balancing strategy and providing relevant status feedback when battery voltage changes. This feedback includes the voltage of the over-pressurized cell, the operating status of the balancing channel, and the overall battery pack voltage. This information informs subsequent battery management decisions and helps the onboard battery management system achieve precise control. In addition to standard over-voltage protection, the AFE module also incorporates multiple voltage protection mechanisms to prevent battery damage caused by voltage unevenness or over-voltage during charging or use. In the event of high voltage, the system triggers a protective lockout function, temporarily halting charging until the battery voltage returns to a safe range. The AFE module also integrates fault detection and alarm functions. If the battery pack experiences voltage instability, the system automatically issues an alarm and takes emergency measures, such as activating a backup battery or shutting down the charging channel. The AFE module's balancing mechanism not only optimizes the battery pack's charging efficiency but also effectively extends its overall lifespan. This cell voltage balancing reduces capacity variations between cells, slowing down battery aging and enabling the battery pack to maintain high energy output even after extended use.The AFE module uploads all battery voltage data and detailed records of the balancing process to the vehicle's control system or cloud management platform, allowing technicians to conduct further battery health analysis and performance evaluation. This data not only provides a basis for real-time battery management but also provides valuable data support for subsequent maintenance and troubleshooting. Through intelligent voltage balancing algorithms, real-time voltage monitoring and feedback, and dynamic balancing control strategies, the AFE module effectively improves the performance, reliability, and battery life of the vehicle's battery management system. This function provides precise voltage regulation and balancing control for the battery pack, helping to avoid potential risks caused by overcharging, over-discharging, and cell imbalance, further enhancing the safety and efficiency of the vehicle's battery management system.

[0063] Preferably, the vehicle-mounted battery management system further includes:

[0064] A watchdog module is used to generate a reset signal if no reset clear signal is received within a preset period;

[0065] The processor module is further configured to generate a reset clear signal according to a preset period, and restart upon receiving the reset signal.

[0066] Specifically, the vehicle battery management system also includes a watchdog module, a key safety component designed to ensure the continuous and stable operation of the vehicle battery management system and automatically trigger a reset mechanism to restore normal operation if a system failure occurs. The watchdog module continuously monitors the system's operating status through a timer mechanism and checks the system's health at a predetermined interval. Whenever the processor module performs normal operations, it sends a "reset clear signal" to the watchdog module within a predetermined period, indicating that the system is operating normally. If the watchdog module does not receive the reset clear signal from the processor module within the preset period, it automatically generates a reset signal. This reset signal triggers a hardware restart of the vehicle battery management system, ensuring that the system can recover from the fault state and resume normal operation. The watchdog module effectively prevents system deadlock or unresponsiveness, especially during critical operations or high load conditions. If the system fails to respond to the watchdog module's periodic checks for an extended period, it will reset to a known healthy state, thus avoiding long-term unrecoverable failures. During the normal operation of the vehicle battery management system (BMS), the processor module is responsible for generating and sending reset clear signals to ensure stable system operation and timely response to the watchdog module's monitoring. The processor module generates and sends reset clear signals to the watchdog module at a predetermined interval—for example, every 5 seconds, 10 seconds, or another suitable interval. The frequency of reset clear signal generation matches the BMS's operating cycle and ensures consistent system operation. Upon receiving a reset signal from the watchdog module, the processor module automatically restarts the system. This process reinitializes all modules, including the analog front-end module, driver circuitry, and power distribution module, ensuring the system can recover from abnormal conditions and resume battery management and control operations. To enhance system robustness, the processor module dynamically adjusts the reset clear signal generation period. The system can flexibly adjust the signal generation period based on current operating conditions, load conditions, temperature, and other environmental factors to optimize the system's self-healing capabilities. For example, under high system load, the reset clear signal generation period may be shortened to minimize system failures. Under low load or normal conditions, the signal generation period can be appropriately extended to avoid excessive and ineffective signal generation. If the processor module fails to send a reset clear signal due to a fault, the watchdog module will immediately generate a reset signal after a timeout, triggering a system restart. During the restart process, the processor module and other core components will perform self-diagnostics to identify possible causes of the fault and ensure that the system can resume normal functionality within a short period of time. Furthermore, after the restart, the system will record an error log and upload the relevant information to the remote monitoring platform for subsequent analysis and maintenance by technicians.Through the watchdog module and reset clear signal mechanism, the vehicle battery management system can automatically restore to normal state when an anomaly occurs, minimizing the risk of system downtime and improving system reliability and stability. The watchdog module provides an efficient fault-tolerant mechanism that automatically intervenes when the system fails to respond, ensuring that the battery management system can continue to operate stably and avoiding safety hazards caused by system crashes. By combining multiple technologies such as timing cycles, fault diagnosis, and intelligent adjustment, the vehicle battery management system has adaptive capabilities and can adjust the reset clear signal generation frequency according to actual load conditions to provide more intelligent and efficient battery management. While monitoring the operating status of the entire system, the processor module also continuously optimizes the reset clear signal transmission cycle to avoid unnecessary system restarts, thereby reducing system resource consumption and ensuring long-term stable system operation.

[0067] Preferably, the vehicle battery management system also supports multi-level overcurrent protection, including three levels: warning, current limiting, and disconnection, to ensure current safety within the vehicle battery management system. When the electronic fuse module or discharge MOS module detects that the current in the battery pack or battery circuit is approaching a preset maximum current threshold, the system first triggers a warning signal. The goal of this stage is to detect current anomalies as early as possible and notify the relevant control system or operator to intervene to prevent the overcurrent situation from escalating. The electronic fuse module monitors the battery pack current in real time. When the current approaches but does not reach the overcurrent threshold, the module generates a warning signal. When the warning signal is triggered, the system notifies the vehicle controller or user via the CAN bus, allowing them to take appropriate measures to limit current or diagnose the fault. When the current exceeds the preset safety current threshold but does not reach the disconnection threshold, the electronic fuse module triggers current limiting protection, limiting the maximum current to protect the battery and electrical components in the system from serious damage. In current limiting protection mode, the module limits current flow by controlling the power devices in the charge and discharge circuits. For example, this can be achieved by adjusting the power output or implementing a current limiting algorithm to effectively reduce the current flow and prevent further increase in current. Current limiting is typically a transitional phase. In this phase, the system maintains a certain current flow but adjusts output power based on actual needs. When the current exceeds the set maximum safe current threshold, a cutoff protection is triggered, immediately disconnecting the current path and completely severing power flow between the battery pack and the circuitry. This prevents overcurrent from causing serious battery damage, fire, or other safety hazards. In cutoff protection mode, the module completely disconnects the current path by controlling switching elements such as MOSFETs, ensuring a complete disconnection between the battery pack and the system, preventing battery damage or circuit burnout caused by overcurrent. After cutoff, the system can notify the operator or control system through an alarm signal, indicating the current protection status. The electronic fuse module's multi-level overcurrent protection mechanism is a gradual process, sequentially triggering different protection measures based on real-time current monitoring. The triggering mechanism and response speed of each protection level are strictly timed to ensure the flexibility and accuracy of the battery management system. This multi-level overcurrent protection mechanism not only provides timely protection response but also effectively manages the safety status of the battery system, avoiding unnecessary damage and ensuring the efficient operation of the vehicle's battery management system.

Claims

1. A vehicle-mounted battery management system, characterized in that: include: an analog front-end module, configured to collect the battery pack voltage of an external battery pack and the battery voltage, battery current, and battery temperature of each battery in the external battery pack; a processor module, configured to generate a MOS control signal according to the battery pack voltage, the battery voltage, the battery current, and the battery temperature; A driving circuit module, configured to generate a MOS driving signal according to the MOS control signal; A charging MOS module, configured to control the on / off of the external battery pack charging circuit according to the MOS drive signal; A discharge MOS module, configured to control the on / off of the discharge circuit of the external battery pack according to the MOS drive signal; The power distribution module is used to distribute the electric energy of the external battery pack according to multiple preset output channels.

2. The vehicle-mounted battery management system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The vehicle-mounted battery management system further includes: The electronic fuse module is used to collect the battery pack current of the external battery pack and disconnect the power supply circuit of the external battery pack when the battery pack current exceeds a preset battery pack current threshold.

3. The vehicle-mounted battery management system according to claim 2, characterized in that: The processor module is further configured to obtain a battery pack current threshold adjustment parameter of the external battery pack; The electronic fuse module is further configured to modify the preset battery pack current threshold according to the battery pack current threshold adjustment parameter.

4. The vehicle-mounted battery management system according to claim 2, characterized in that: The electronic fuse module is further configured to reconnect the power supply circuit of the external battery pack after a preset delay time when the power supply circuit of the external battery is disconnected.

5. The vehicle-mounted battery management system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The vehicle-mounted battery management system further includes: ACC wake-up module, used to receive the ACC signal sent by the vehicle controller and generate a wake-up signal according to the ACC signal; The processor is further configured to start the sleep state if the wake-up signal is not received, and exit the sleep state if the wake-up signal is received.

6. The vehicle-mounted battery management system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The vehicle-mounted battery management system further includes: The CAN module is used to transmit the battery pack voltage, the battery voltage, the battery current and the battery temperature to the vehicle controller; and receive the MOS control signal sent by the vehicle controller.

7. The vehicle-mounted battery management system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The power distribution module includes: Multiple electronic fuse units are respectively arranged on the multiple preset output channels of the power distribution module, and are used to collect the channel currents of the multiple preset output channels, and disconnect the power supply circuit of the preset output channel when the channel current of the preset output channel exceeds a preset channel current threshold.

8. The vehicle-mounted battery management system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The discharge MOS module is further configured to collect the battery pack current of the external battery pack, and disconnect the power supply circuit of the external battery pack when the battery pack current exceeds a preset battery pack current threshold.

9. The vehicle-mounted battery management system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The analog front-end module is further configured to calculate an average voltage of battery voltages of the plurality of batteries, determine an over-pressure battery whose battery voltage is higher than the average voltage, and activate a balancing channel corresponding to the over-pressure battery.

10. The vehicle-mounted battery management system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The vehicle-mounted battery management system further includes: A watchdog module is used to generate a reset signal if no reset clear signal is received within a preset period; The processor module is further configured to generate a reset clear signal according to a preset period, and restart upon receiving the reset signal.

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