Pressing tool with self-aligning function

Abstract

This invention belongs to the technical field of press-fitting devices, and provides a press-fitting fixture with self-aligning function, comprising: a positioning seat; a first press-fitting assembly disposed on one side of the positioning seat along the bushing press-fitting direction, the first press-fitting assembly comprising: a driving member, the output end of the driving member moving in a direction parallel to the bushing press-fitting direction; a press-fitting component; a centering adjustment member disposed between the driving member and the press-fitting component; and a second press-fitting assembly disposed on the side of the positioning seat away from the first press-fitting assembly and opposite to the first press-fitting assembly, the second press-fitting assembly being used to receive the bushing transported by the press-fitting component and to apply a thrust opposite to that of the press-fitting component to the bushing, so as to press the bushing into the mounting hole. Compared with the prior art, this invention, by setting the centering adjustment member, enables the press-fitting component to freely fine-tune its position in a plane perpendicular to the press-fitting direction when subjected to the reaction force from the workpiece mounting hole, thereby automatically adapting to the actual axis of the mounting hole.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of press fitting technology, specifically relating to a press fitting fixture with self-aligning function. Background Technology

[0002] In traditional workpiece press-fitting processes, the bushing is typically used to fix the workpiece by external positioning, and then a power mechanism such as a cylinder or hydraulic cylinder is used to press the bushing into the mounting hole of the workpiece. This press-fitting method is suitable for scenarios where the form and position tolerances between the mounting hole and the workpiece shape are small, and it can ensure that the axis of the bushing is basically consistent with the press-fitting direction, thus achieving smooth press-fitting.

[0003] However, traditional press-fitting methods have significant drawbacks when there are large dimensional and positional tolerances between the workpiece (especially die-cast parts) and the mounting hole. Since the output shaft of the power mechanism (such as the push rod of a cylinder or hydraulic cylinder) typically moves in a fixed direction, while the axis of the mounting hole may deviate from its theoretical position due to machining errors or deformation of the workpiece itself, the axial direction of the output shaft is not collinear with the actual axis of the mounting hole. In this situation, the bushing is easily subjected to lateral forces during press-fitting, leading to press-fitting misalignment, or even damage to the bushing or workpiece.

[0004] Especially on automated production lines, frequent bushing misalignment or jamming during the pressing process not only reduces production efficiency but may also increase scrap rates and affect product quality. Therefore, there is an urgent need for a pressing fixture that can automatically adjust its alignment to solve the applicability problem of traditional pressing methods when there are large dimensional tolerances. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a pressing tool with self-aligning function in view of the current situation of the prior art.

[0006] The technical solution adopted by this invention to solve the above-mentioned technical problems is as follows: A press-fitting fixture with self-aligning function is proposed for press-fitting bushings in the mounting holes of workpieces. The press-fitting fixture includes:

[0007] A positioning seat, used to fix the workpiece to be press-fitted with the bushing;

[0008] A first pressing assembly is disposed on one side of the positioning seat along the bushing pressing direction. The first pressing assembly includes: a driving member, the output end of which moves in a direction parallel to the bushing pressing direction; a pressing member, which is used to receive and push the bushing to move; and a centering adjustment member, which is disposed between the driving member and the pressing member, for connecting the pressing member to the output end of the driving member.

[0009] The second pressing assembly is disposed on the side of the positioning seat away from the first pressing assembly and is disposed opposite to the first pressing assembly. The second pressing assembly is used to receive the bushing transported by the pressing component and apply a thrust opposite to the pressing component to the bushing so that the bushing is pressed into the mounting hole.

[0010] During the process of pressing the bushing into the workpiece, when the centering adjustment member is subjected to the reaction force of the pressing member, the centering adjustment member allows the pressing member to move in a plane perpendicular to the pressing direction of the bushing, so that the pressing member automatically adapts to the axis of the mounting hole on the workpiece.

[0011] In the aforementioned press-fitting fixture with self-aligning function, the press-fitting component has a first moving direction and a second moving direction in a plane perpendicular to the press-fitting direction of the bushing, wherein the first moving direction and the second moving direction are perpendicular to each other.

[0012] In the aforementioned press-fitting fixture with self-aligning function, the centering adjustment component includes:

[0013] The first fixing frame is connected to the output end of the driving component;

[0014] The first movable block is connected to the first fixed frame at both ends along the first moving direction by the first elastic element, so that the first movable block can move along the first moving direction;

[0015] The second moving block is connected to the first fixed frame at both ends along the second moving direction by a second elastic member, so that the second moving block can move along the second moving direction; the press-fit member is connected to the end of the second moving block away from the first moving block.

[0016] In the above-mentioned press fitting fixture with self-aligning function, the first fixed frame is provided with a first countersunk hole at both ends along the first moving direction, a first equal-height bolt is provided in the first countersunk hole, the first equal-height bolt passes through the first countersunk hole and is connected to the first moving block, and the first elastic element is sleeved on the outside of the first equal-height bolt.

[0017] The first fixing frame has a second countersunk hole at both ends along the second moving direction. A second equal-height bolt is provided in the second countersunk hole. The second equal-height bolt passes through the second countersunk hole and is connected to the second moving block. The second elastic element is sleeved on the outside of the second equal-height bolt.

[0018] In the aforementioned press-fitting fixture with self-aligning function, the centering adjustment component further includes:

[0019] The first adjusting rod includes a first rod body and a first abutting platform, wherein the diameter of the first abutting platform is larger than the diameter of the first rod body.

[0020] The second adjusting rod includes a second rod body and a second abutment platform, wherein the diameter of the second abutment platform is larger than the diameter of the second rod body; wherein...

[0021] The first fixed frame is provided with a first adjusting block at one end along the first moving direction, the first rod passes through the first adjusting block and is threaded to the first moving block, and the first abutment is movably abutted against the first adjusting block;

[0022] The first fixed frame is provided with a second adjusting block at one end along the second moving direction, the second rod passes through the second adjusting block and is threaded to the second moving block, and the second abutment is movably pressed against the second adjusting block.

[0023] In the above-mentioned press fitting fixture with self-aligning function, a first slider is provided at the end of the first moving block away from the second moving block, a first slide rail is provided on the first fixed frame extending along the first moving direction, and the first slider is slidably disposed on the first slide rail.

[0024] The second moving block has a second slider at one end facing the first moving block, and the first moving block has a second slide rail extending along the second moving direction, with the second slider slidably disposed on the second slide rail.

[0025] In the aforementioned press-fitting fixture with self-aligning function, the press-fitting component includes:

[0026] The first pressing platform is disposed on the centering adjustment member and forms a first fixed space with the centering adjustment member;

[0027] The first sleeve has a first hanging platform at one end, which is fixed in the first fixed space, and the other end passes through the first pressing platform to form a first receiving cavity to accommodate the bushing.

[0028] The pressure rod has a second mounting platform at one end, a third countersunk hole in the first sleeve, the second mounting platform is movably located at the large end of the third countersunk hole and abuts against the transition area of ​​the hole wall, and the other end of the pressure rod passes through the first receiving cavity and extends out of the first sleeve.

[0029] The third elastic element is located inside the large end of the third countersunk hole and abuts against the second mounting platform.

[0030] The aforementioned press-fitting fixture with self-aligning function also includes:

[0031] A support platform, on which the first pressing assembly and the second pressing assembly are fixed;

[0032] The third slide rail is provided on the support platform along the bushing pressing direction;

[0033] The third slider is disposed on the positioning seat and slides in cooperation with the third slide rail, so that the positioning seat is movably disposed on the support platform.

[0034] In the aforementioned press-fitting fixture with self-aligning function, the second press-fitting component includes:

[0035] Second mounting bracket;

[0036] The third moving block is connected to the second fixed frame at both ends along the first moving direction by a fourth elastic element;

[0037] The fourth movable block is connected to the second fixed frame at both ends along the second moving direction by a fifth elastic element;

[0038] The second pressing platform is disposed on the fourth movable block and forms a second fixed space with the fourth movable block;

[0039] The second sleeve has a third hanging platform at one end and is fixed in the second fixed space, and the other end passes through the second pressing platform to form a second receiving cavity to receive the bushing.

[0040] The receiving rod has a fourth mounting platform at one end, and a fourth countersunk hole in the second sleeve. The fourth mounting platform is movably located at the large end of the fourth countersunk hole and abuts against the transition area of ​​the hole wall. The other end of the receiving rod extends out of the second sleeve.

[0041] The sixth elastic element is located inside the large end of the fourth countersunk hole and abuts against the fourth mounting platform.

[0042] In the aforementioned press-fitting fixture with self-aligning function, the positioning seat includes:

[0043] Positioning plate;

[0044] A positioning block and a contour block arranged circumferentially along the positioning block, wherein the positioning block is used to position the workpiece;

[0045] A clamping cylinder is mounted on the positioning plate to clamp the workpiece.

[0046] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0047] (1) By setting a centering adjustment component, the press-fit component can freely and finely adjust its position in a plane perpendicular to the press-fit direction when subjected to the reaction force from the workpiece mounting hole, thereby automatically adapting to the actual axis of the mounting hole. This structure effectively compensates for the centering deviation caused by the large form and position tolerance between the workpiece and the mounting hole, avoids the bushing from bearing lateral force during the press-fit process, significantly reduces the risk of bushing misalignment, jamming or workpiece damage, and improves the reliability and yield of press-fit. It is particularly suitable for the high consistency assembly requirements in automated production lines.

[0048] (2) The self-aligning adjustment component adopts a double-layer moving block and elastic connection structure. The first moving block floats independently in the first direction and the second moving block floats independently in the second direction, and the elastic component provides the reset force, thus realizing the two-level decoupled planar self-aligning function.

[0049] (3) By setting an adjustable adjustment rod and a support platform structure, the initial position and floating range of the moving block can be precisely controlled to meet the centering requirements of different types of workpieces during the pressing process. Attached Figure Description

[0050] Figure 1 This is a perspective view of the press-fitting fixture with self-aligning function of the present invention during operation.

[0051] Figure 2 This is a 3D view of the first press-fit component.

[0052] Figure 3 yes Figure 2 Top view.

[0053] Figure 4 yes Figure 3 Sectional view along the AA direction.

[0054] Figure 5 yes Figure 2 The 3D view omitting the driving components.

[0055] Figure 6 yes Figure 5 The first fixed frame structure is omitted from the three-dimensional view from another direction.

[0056] Figure 7 yes Figure 5 A three-dimensional view of the middle part of the structure.

[0057] Figure 8 This is a 3D view of the second press-fit component.

[0058] Figure 9 yes Figure 8 Top view.

[0059] Figure 10 yes Figure 9Sectional view along the BB direction.

[0060] Figure 11 This is a 3D view of the second fixed frame.

[0061] Figure 12 yes Figure 1 The perspective view after omitting the first and second pressing components is omitted.

[0062] In the figure, 1 is the workpiece; 2 is the bushing; 100 is the positioning seat; 110 is the positioning plate; 120 is the positioning block; 130 is the contour block; 140 is the clamping cylinder; 200 is the first pressing assembly; 210 is the driving component; 220 is the pressing component; 2201 is the first pressing table; 2202 is the first sleeve; 2202a is the first hanging platform; 2202b is the first receiving cavity; 2202c is the third countersunk hole; 2203 is the pressure rod; 2203a is the pressure bar. Second mounting platform; 2204, Third elastic element; 230, Centering adjustment element; 2301, First fixed frame; 2302, First moving block; 2303, First elastic element; 2304, Second moving block; 2305, Second elastic element; 2306, First countersunk hole; 2307, First equalizing bolt; 2308, Second countersunk hole; 2309, Second equalizing bolt; 2310, First adjusting rod; 2310a, First rod body; 231 0b, First abutment platform; 2311, Second adjusting rod; 2311a, Second rod body; 2311b, Second abutment platform; 2312, First adjusting block; 2313, Second adjusting block; 2314, First slider; 2315, First slide rail; 2316, Second slider; 2317, Second slide rail; 300, Second pressing assembly; 310, Second fixing frame; 320, Third moving block; 330, Fourth elastic element; 340, Fourth... 350. Moving block; 360. Fifth elastic element; 370. Second pressing platform; 370. Second sleeve; 3701. Third hanging platform; 3702. Second receiving cavity; 3703. Fourth countersunk hole; 380. Receiving rod; 3801. Fourth hanging platform; 390. Sixth elastic element; 400. Bushing pressing direction; 500. First moving direction; 600. Second moving direction; 700. Support platform; 710. Third slide rail; 720. Third slider. Detailed Implementation

[0063] The following are specific embodiments of the present invention, which are described in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. However, the present invention is not limited to these embodiments.

[0064] It should be noted that all directional indications (such as up, down, left, right, front, back, etc.) in the embodiments of the present invention are only used to explain the relative positional relationship and movement of each component in a specific posture. If the specific posture changes, the directional indication will also change accordingly.

[0065] like Figures 1 to 12 As shown, this solution provides a self-aligning press-fitting fixture for pressing bushing 2 into the mounting hole of workpiece 1. The press-fitting fixture includes: a positioning seat 100, a first press-fitting component 200, and a second press-fitting component 300.

[0066] Specifically, the positioning seat 100 is used to fix the workpiece 1 to be press-fitted with the bushing 2. During the pressing process, in order to prevent the workpiece 1 from shifting relative to the positioning seat 100 when under force, the positioning seat 100 provides reliable clamping support, thereby ensuring the positioning accuracy of the bushing 2 during pressing.

[0067] The first pressing assembly 200 constitutes the main pressing structure of the bushing 2, mainly used to receive the bushing 2 and press it into the mounting hole of the workpiece 1 by applying pressure. This assembly is arranged on one side of the positioning seat 100 along the pressing direction of the bushing 2.

[0068] The first pressing assembly 200 includes: a drive component 210, which can be a power component such as a cylinder, hydraulic cylinder, or motor, used to provide the main driving force for the first pressing assembly 200, and the direction of movement of its output end is parallel to the pressing direction of the bushing 2; a pressing component 220, which serves as a bearing and pushing component for the bushing 2, used to receive and push the bushing 2 during the pressing process. The bushing 2 can be placed on the pressing component 220 by an operator or an automatic feeding device such as a robot; and a centering adjustment component 230, which is disposed between the drive component 210 and the pressing component 220, used to connect the pressing component 220 to the output end of the drive component 210, and allows it to self-adjust within a certain range.

[0069] The second pressing assembly 300 is configured as a receiving and reverse clamping structure for the bushing 2. It is located on the side of the positioning seat 100 away from the first pressing assembly 200 and is arranged opposite to the first pressing assembly 200. When the first pressing assembly 200 pushes the bushing 2 towards the workpiece 1, the second pressing assembly 300 receives the bushing 2 fed in by the pressing component 220 and applies a supporting force to it in the opposite direction to that of the first pressing assembly 200. This ensures that the bushing 2 can be accurately and smoothly pressed into the mounting hole, while also serving as a limiting function to improve pressing accuracy.

[0070] In another embodiment, the second pressing assembly 300 may also be equipped with an active drive component such as a cylinder, hydraulic cylinder, or motor. In this mode, when the first pressing assembly 200 pushes the bushing 2 in, the second pressing assembly 300 can act synchronously, actively receiving and applying a reverse thrust to achieve bidirectional coordinated pressing, further ensuring that the bushing 2 is fully in place.

[0071] During the process of pressing the bushing 2 into the workpiece 1, when the pressing component 220 is subjected to a reaction force from the mounting hole, the force is transmitted to the centering adjustment component 230, which allows the pressing component 220 to make a slight movement in a plane perpendicular to the bushing pressing direction 400, thereby automatically adjusting its position to adapt to the actual axial direction of the mounting hole on the workpiece 1.

[0072] This solution, by incorporating a centering adjustment component 230, allows the press-fit component 220 to freely and finely adjust its position in a plane perpendicular to the press-fit direction when subjected to a reaction force from the mounting hole of the workpiece 1, thereby automatically adapting to the actual axis of the mounting hole. This structure effectively compensates for the centering deviation caused by the large dimensional and positional tolerances between the workpiece 1 (especially die-cast parts) and the mounting hole, avoids the bushing 2 from bearing lateral forces during press-fitting, significantly reduces the risk of bushing 2 misalignment, jamming, or damage to the workpiece 1, and improves the reliability and yield of press-fitting. It is particularly suitable for the high consistency assembly requirements in automated production lines.

[0073] It is worth mentioning that the press-fit component 220 has a first moving direction 500 and a second moving direction 600 in a plane perpendicular to the bushing press-fit direction 400, and the first moving direction 500 and the second moving direction 600 are perpendicular to each other.

[0074] In this scheme, the pressing direction of bushing 2 is defined as follows: Figure 1 The direction from the lower right to the upper left (i.e., from right to left in the overall layout of the press-fitting fixture); the first moving direction 500 is defined as... Figure 1 The vertical direction (i.e., the vertical direction of the press-fitting fixture); the second movement direction 600 is defined as... Figure 1 The direction from the lower left to the upper right (i.e., the front-to-back direction of the press-fitting fixture). By limiting the movement of the press-fitting component 220 in two mutually perpendicular directions, its omnidirectional adaptive adjustment capability in a plane perpendicular to the press-fitting direction is realized.

[0075] Compared to structures that only support floating in one direction, this solution can more comprehensively compensate for the positional deviation of the mounting hole of workpiece 1 in any direction, significantly improving the centering accuracy and the stability of the pressing process, ensuring that bushing 2 always enters smoothly along the actual axis of the mounting hole, effectively avoiding skewness or jamming, thereby improving the adaptability and versatility of the tooling.

[0076] In this scheme, the centering adjustment component 230 includes: a first fixed frame 2301 connected to the output end of the drive component 210; a first moving block 2302, whose two ends along the first moving direction 500 are connected to the first fixed frame 2301 through a first elastic element 2303, so that the first moving block 2302 can move along the first moving direction 500; a second moving block 2304, whose two ends along the second moving direction 600 are connected to the first fixed frame 2301 through a second elastic element 2305, so that the second moving block 2304 can move along the second moving direction 600; and a pressing component 220 connected to the end of the second moving block 2304 away from the first moving block 2302.

[0077] The first fixed bracket 2301 and the output end of the drive component 210 can be fixed by a threaded connection. The first elastic element 2303 and the second elastic element 2305 are preferably springs. During the pressing process of the first pressing assembly 200 pushing the bushing 2 toward the mounting hole of the workpiece 1, the first elastic element 2303 allows the first moving block 2302 to move relative to each other along the first moving direction 500, and the second elastic element 2305 allows the second moving block 2304 to move relative to each other along the second moving direction 600, thereby ultimately realizing the floating adjustment of the pressing component 220 in two mutually perpendicular directions, so that it can adapt to the actual axial position of the mounting hole.

[0078] The centering adjustment component 230 adopts a double-layer moving block and elastic connection structure. Through the independent floating of the first moving block 2302 in the first direction and the second moving block 2304 in the second direction, with the elastic component providing the reset force, a two-stage decoupled planar self-centering function is achieved. This structure is simple in design, reliable in operation, and responsive. It can quickly adjust the position of the pressing component 220 under slight off-center loads and automatically reset to the initial center position after pressing, which is beneficial for continuous and stable automated operation. Simultaneously, the elastic component provides guidance and reset functions while applying appropriate constraint force, effectively preventing excessive displacement of the moving parts, thus balancing the flexibility and stability of the system.

[0079] Furthermore, the first fixed frame 2301 is provided with first countersunk holes 2306 at both ends along the first moving direction 500, and a first equal-height bolt 2307 is provided in the first countersunk hole 2306. The first equal-height bolt 2307 passes through the first countersunk hole 2306 and is connected to the first moving block 2302. The first elastic element 2303 is sleeved on the outside of the first equal-height bolt 2307.

[0080] The first equal-height bolt 2307 is used to achieve an elastic connection between the first moving block 2302 and the first fixed frame 2301 through the first elastic element 2303. By sleeved on the outside of the first equal-height bolt 2307, the installation stability of the elastic element is ensured, and a guiding function is provided during its compression or release, ensuring the accuracy of the deformation direction and preventing deflection.

[0081] Similarly, the first fixed frame 2301 is provided with second countersunk holes 2308 at both ends along the second moving direction 600. The second countersunk holes 2308 are provided with second equal-height bolts 2309. The second equal-height bolts 2309 pass through the second countersunk holes 2308 and are connected to the second moving block 2304. The second elastic element 2305 is sleeved on the outside of the second equal-height bolts 2309.

[0082] The second equal-height bolt 2309 is used to realize the elastic connection between the second moving block 2304 and the first fixed frame 2301 through the second elastic element 2305, and by sleeved the second elastic element 2305 on the outside of the second equal-height bolt 2309, it is ensured that the installation is reliable and the movement guidance is accurate.

[0083] This design employs a countersunk hole and equal-height bolt structure, allowing the bolt head to be recessed into the hole and concealed within the mounting bracket. This effectively prevents interference with moving parts, enhancing structural compactness and operational safety. Simultaneously, by directly fitting the elastic element onto the outside of the equal-height bolt, precise guidance and pre-tightening control of the elastic element are achieved. This also effectively prevents bending, skewing, or instability during compression or tension, significantly enhancing the reliability and service life of the elastic reset mechanism. Ultimately, this ensures the repeatability and long-term stability of the centering adjustment mechanism.

[0084] Furthermore, the centering adjustment member 230 also includes: a first adjustment rod 2310, including a first rod body 2310a and a first abutment platform 2310b, the diameter of the first abutment platform 2310b being larger than the diameter of the first rod body 2310a; a second adjustment rod 2311, including a second rod body 2311a and a second abutment platform 2311b, the diameter of the second abutment platform 2311b being larger than the diameter of the second rod body 2311a; wherein, the first fixing frame 2301 is provided with a first adjustment rod at one end along the first moving direction 500. Adjusting block 2312, first rod 2310a passes through first adjusting block 2312 and is threaded to first moving block 2302, first abutting platform 2310b is movably abutting against first adjusting block 2312; first fixed frame 2301 is provided with second adjusting block 2313 at one end along second moving direction 600, second rod 2311a passes through second adjusting block 2313 and is threaded to second moving block 2304, second abutting platform 2311b is movably abutting against second adjusting block 2313.

[0085] The first adjusting rod 2310 and the second adjusting rod 2311 are respectively configured as adjusting components for adjusting the pre-compression amount of the first elastic element 2303 and the second elastic element 2305.

[0086] Specifically, the first rod 2310a and the first adjusting block 2312 are connected by a thread. When the first abutment 2310b is rotated, the first rod 2310a can be pushed forward or retracted along the first moving direction 500, thereby pushing the first moving block 2302 to adjust the pre-compression of the first elastic elements 2303 on both sides. Similarly, the second rod 2311a and the second adjusting block 2313 are also connected by a thread. When the second abutment 2311b is rotated, the second rod 2311a can be pushed forward or retracted along the second moving direction 600, thereby pushing the second moving block 2304, and thus adjusting the pre-compression of the second elastic elements 2305 on both sides.

[0087] By incorporating an adjustable adjusting rod and a support platform structure, precise control over the initial position and floating range of the moving block is achieved. Rotating the adjusting rod changes its length extending into the fixed frame, thereby adjusting the center position or limiting gap of the moving block to accommodate the alignment requirements of different workpiece models during the press-fitting process. This design significantly enhances the adjustability and process flexibility of the tooling, facilitating rapid changeovers and parameter adjustments, broadening the applicability of the tooling, and reducing equipment replacement costs due to product changes.

[0088] Preferably, the first moving block 2302 is provided with a first slider 2314 at one end away from the second moving block 2304, and the first fixed frame 2301 is provided with a first slide rail 2315 extending along the first moving direction 500, and the first slider 2314 is slidably disposed on the first slide rail 2315.

[0089] The first slider 2314 and the first moving block 2302 can be fixed by means of threaded connection or welding; the first slide rail 2315 and the first fixed frame 2301 can also be connected by means of threaded connection or welding.

[0090] The second moving block 2304 has a second slider 2316 at one end facing the first moving block 2302. The first moving block 2302 has a second slide rail 2317 extending along the second moving direction 600. The second slider 2316 is slidably disposed on the second slide rail 2317.

[0091] Similarly, the second slider 2316 and the second moving block 2304 can be fixed by means of threaded connection or welding; the second slide rail 2317 and the first moving block 2302 can also be connected by means of threaded connection or welding.

[0092] By setting up a nested guide structure consisting of the first slider 2314 and the first slide rail 2315, and the second slider 2316 and the second slide rail 2317, high-precision linear motion guidance is provided for the first moving block 2302 and the second moving block 2304. This structure effectively suppresses motion deviations such as swaying, torsion, or tilting that may be caused by elastic connections, ensuring that the press-fit component 220 only translates along two orthogonal directions in the plane during self-alignment, without rotational degrees of freedom. This guide design significantly improves the smoothness of motion and the repeatability of centering actions, ensuring the straightness and coaxiality requirements of the bushing 2 during press-fitting, thereby improving assembly quality and product consistency.

[0093] It is worth mentioning that the pressing component 220 includes: a first pressing platform 2201, which is disposed on the centering adjustment component 230 and forms a first fixed space with the centering adjustment component 230; a first sleeve 2202, one end of which is provided with a first hanging platform 2202a, which is fixed in the first fixed space, and the other end of which passes through the first pressing platform 2201 and forms a first receiving cavity 2202b to accommodate the bushing 2; a pressing rod 2203, one end of which is provided with a second hanging platform 2203a, and a third countersunk hole 2202c is provided in the first sleeve 2202. The second hanging platform 2203a is movably disposed in the large end of the third countersunk hole 2202c and abuts against the transition area of ​​the hole wall. The other end of the pressing rod 2203 passes through the first receiving cavity 2202b and extends out of the first sleeve 2202; and a third elastic member 2204, which is disposed in the large end of the third countersunk hole 2202c and abuts against the second hanging platform 2203a.

[0094] The first pressing platform 2201 is used to fix the first sleeve 2202 onto the centering adjustment member 230 (i.e., the second moving block 2304). The first sleeve 2202 constitutes a guide and mounting structure for the pressure rod 2203. The second mounting platform 2203a on the pressure rod 2203 cooperates with the third countersunk hole 2202c in the first sleeve 2202 to achieve an axially movable connection between the pressure rod 2203 and the first sleeve 2202. The first receiving cavity 2202b is used to provide positioning space for the bushing 2 when the pressing member 220 receives the bushing 2, further ensuring the pressing accuracy of the bushing 2.

[0095] During the press-fitting process, the pressure rod 2203 is inserted into the inner hole of the bushing 2, causing the bushing 2 to move. To prevent the bushing 2 from dislodging from the pressure rod 2203 during movement, the end of the pressure rod 2203 must protrude from the through hole of the bushing 2. However, in the subsequent press-fitting stage, if the pressure rod 2203 rigidly abuts against the second press-fitting assembly 300, it may hinder the bushing 2 from being fully pressed into the mounting hole, affecting the press-fitting position. Therefore, the pressure rod 2203 is installed in the first sleeve 2202 in an axially movable manner through the cooperation of the second mounting platform 2203a and the third countersunk hole 2202c, and a third elastic element 2204 (preferably a spring) is provided at the large end of the third countersunk hole 2202c to apply preload to the second mounting platform 2203a.

[0096] The press-fit component 220 employs a floating pressure rod 2203 structure. A third elastic element 2204 applies preload to the second mounting platform 2203a, allowing the pressure rod 2203 to float axially within the first sleeve 2202 for a certain stroke. In the initial press-fit stage, the pressure rod 2203 extends under elastic force, first contacting the bushing 2 and applying initial pressure, automatically compensating for any slight height difference or tilt between the bushing 2 and the workpiece 1. When the bushing 2 enters the mounting hole and encounters resistance, the pressure rod 2203 retracts under force, while the first sleeve 2202 continues to advance under drive, pushing the bushing 2 to complete the final press-fit. This segmented press-fit mechanism effectively mitigates impact loads, prevents damage to the end face of the bushing 2 due to rigid collisions, achieves a smooth transition, and significantly improves the reliability of the press-fit process and product consistency.

[0097] This solution also includes: a support platform 700, with the first pressing assembly 200 and the second pressing assembly 300 fixed on the support platform 700; a third slide rail 710, which is disposed on the support platform 700 along the bushing pressing direction 400; and a third slider 720, which is disposed on the positioning seat 100 and slides in cooperation with the third slide rail 710, so that the positioning seat 100 is movably disposed on the support platform 700.

[0098] The support platform 700 forms the support and installation base for the entire press-fitting fixture. The third slide rail 710 and the third slider 720 are disposed between the support platform 700 and the positioning seat 100, forming a guide connection structure, so that the positioning seat 100 can move relative to the support platform 700 along the press-fitting direction.

[0099] This movable connection structure allows the pressing component 220 to adaptively adjust according to the actual axial position of the mounting hole after the first pressing assembly 200 pushes the bushing 2 into contact with the mounting hole of the workpiece 1, thereby extending the self-aligning stroke and improving the alignment accuracy. At the same time, during the pressing process of the bushing 2, the workpiece 1 can move with the positioning seat 100, effectively alleviating the stress concentration caused by rigid clamping, which is especially suitable for the assembly of thin-walled or easily deformable workpieces 1.

[0100] In addition, the structure can absorb dynamic impacts during the pressing process, reduce damage to tooling and workpiece 1, extend the service life of the equipment, and significantly improve the compliance, stability and safety of the pressing process.

[0101] In this design, the second pressing assembly 300 includes: a second fixed frame 310; a third movable block 320, whose two ends along the first moving direction 500 are connected to the second fixed frame 310 via a fourth elastic member 330; a fourth movable block 340, whose two ends along the second moving direction 600 are connected to the second fixed frame 310 via a fifth elastic member 350; a second pressing table 360, which is disposed on the fourth movable block 340 and forms a second fixed space with the fourth movable block 340; and a second sleeve 370, one end of which is provided with a third hanging platform 370. 1 is fixed in the second fixed space, and the other end passes through the second pressing table 360 ​​to form the second receiving cavity 3702 to receive the bushing 2; the receiving rod 380 has a fourth hanging platform 3801 at one end, and a fourth countersunk hole 3703 is provided in the second sleeve 370. The fourth hanging platform 3801 is movably disposed at the large end of the fourth countersunk hole 3703 and abuts against the transition area of ​​the hole wall. The other end of the receiving rod 380 extends out of the second sleeve 370; the sixth elastic member 390 is disposed in the large end of the fourth countersunk hole 3703 and abuts against the fourth hanging platform 3801.

[0102] In this scheme, the third moving block 320 and the fourth moving block 340 of the second pressing assembly 300 have the same function as the first moving block 2302 and the second moving block 2304 in the first pressing assembly 200. They are used to realize the floating of the receiving rod 380 in the first moving direction 500 and the second moving direction 600 during the pressing process, so as to adapt to the actual axial position of the mounting hole.

[0103] In one embodiment, the second pressing assembly 300 is further provided with an adjustment mechanism and a guide structure corresponding to the first pressing assembly 200: including an adjustment rod with the same structure as the first adjustment rod 2310 and the second adjustment rod 2311, and a guide assembly with the same structure as the first slide rail 2315 / slider and the second slide rail 2317 / slider, so as to ensure that the movement direction of the third moving block 320 and the fourth moving block 340 is accurate and controllable.

[0104] The second pressing platform 360, the second sleeve 370, and the sixth elastic element 390 are configured in the same way as the first pressing platform 2201, the first sleeve 2202, and the third elastic element 2204 in the first pressing assembly 200, all serving to connect the receiving rod 380 axially movable within the second sleeve 370, achieving floating pressing. The fourth elastic element 330, the fifth elastic element 350, and the sixth elastic element 390 are all preferably springs.

[0105] By integrating a self-aligning structure into the second press-fitting assembly 300, it can automatically adapt to hole position deviations even when receiving the bushing 2 and applying reverse support force. Working in conjunction with the first press-fitting assembly 200, it forms a bidirectional self-aligning press-fitting mode, significantly improving the alignment accuracy of through-hole press-fitting. Especially in long-stroke or deep-hole press-fitting, it effectively avoids the "pry bar effect" caused by unilateral guidance, ensuring uniform force distribution and smooth movement of the bushing 2, greatly improving the press-fitting success rate and product qualification rate.

[0106] In this solution, the positioning base 100 includes: a positioning plate 110; a positioning block 120 and a contour block 130 arranged circumferentially along the positioning block 120, the positioning block 120 being used to position the workpiece 1; and a clamping cylinder 140, which is disposed on the positioning plate 110 to clamp the workpiece 1.

[0107] The positioning system employs a combination of positioning block 120 and circumferential contour block 130 for positioning, along with automatic clamping by clamping cylinder 140, achieving rapid, precise, and stable clamping of workpiece 1. Contouring block 130 conforms to the shape of workpiece 1, effectively constraining its circumferential degrees of freedom and preventing displacement or rotation of workpiece 1 during press-fitting. Clamping cylinder 140 operates rapidly, suitable for automated operation. This positioning system works in conjunction with the self-aligning press-fitting structure, ensuring reliable positioning of workpiece 1 while allowing flexible centering at the press-fitting end, thus balancing the dual requirements of "positioning rigidity" and "press-fitting flexibility," and enhancing the integration and intelligence of the entire tooling system.

[0108] This solution discloses a press-fitting fixture with self-aligning function. In the traditional press-fitting process, the bushing 2 is misaligned, stuck, or even damaged due to the large dimensional and positional tolerances between the workpiece 1 (especially die castings) and the mounting hole. A comprehensive solution integrating bidirectional floating, automatic alignment, flexible press-fitting and adjustability is proposed.

[0109] This tooling incorporates a self-aligning module within the first pressing assembly 200, consisting of a centering adjustment component 230, an elastic floating mechanism, and a sliding guide structure. This allows the pressing component 220 to automatically adjust its position in a two-dimensional plane perpendicular to the pressing direction, effectively adapting to the actual axial position of the mounting hole and avoiding assembly deviations caused by lateral forces. Simultaneously, the second pressing assembly 300 employs a self-aligning structure symmetrical to the first pressing assembly 200, forming a bidirectional collaborative pressing mode. It also possesses adaptive capabilities when receiving the bushing 2 and applying reverse support forces, significantly improving the centering accuracy of through-hole pressing, and particularly effectively suppressing the "claw effect" in long-stroke or deep-hole pressing.

[0110] Furthermore, the press-fit component 220 adopts a floating pressure bar 2203 structure, which achieves axial micro-stroke floating through elastic pre-compression. It can automatically compensate for height difference and tilt in the early stage of press-fitting, achieve smooth transition, and reduce impact damage. The positioning seat 100 is movably set on the support platform 700 through the slide rail slider structure, giving the workpiece 1 a slight floating ability in the press-fitting direction, alleviating the stress concentration caused by rigid jamming, and improving assembly flexibility and safety.

[0111] In addition, the tooling is equipped with adjustable limit and pre-tightening mechanisms, supporting precise control of the floating range, initial position, and elastic force, enhancing the equipment's process adaptability and changeover flexibility. The overall structure is compact, responsive, and highly repeatable, making it particularly suitable for automated production lines with high consistency and high yield assembly requirements.

[0112] In summary, this invention achieves automatic centering, smooth advancement, and reliable positioning during the bushing 2 pressing process through the synergistic effect of multi-level floating and adaptive mechanisms, significantly improving the pressing success rate, product qualification rate, and production efficiency, and has good engineering practicality and promotion value.

[0113] It should be noted that in this invention, the use of terms such as "first," "second," and "a" is for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying their relative importance or implicitly specifying the number of technical features indicated. Therefore, a feature defined as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include at least one of that feature. In the description of this invention, "a plurality of" means at least two, such as two, three, etc., unless otherwise explicitly specified. The terms "connection," "fixed," etc., should be interpreted broadly. For example, "fixed" can mean a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral part; it can mean a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; it can mean a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; it can mean the internal communication of two elements or the interaction between two elements, unless otherwise explicitly specified. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this invention according to the specific circumstances.

[0114] Furthermore, the technical solutions of the various embodiments of the present invention can be combined with each other, but only if they are feasible for those skilled in the art. If the combination of technical solutions is contradictory or cannot be implemented, it should be considered that such combination of technical solutions does not exist and is not within the scope of protection claimed by the present invention.

[0115] The specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the spirit of the invention. Those skilled in the art to which this invention pertains may make various modifications or additions to the described specific embodiments or use similar methods to substitute them, without departing from the spirit of the invention or exceeding the scope defined by the appended claims.

Claims

1. A press-fitting fixture with self-aligning function, used for press-fitting bushings into mounting holes of workpieces, characterized in that, The pressing fixture includes: A positioning seat, used to fix the workpiece to be press-fitted with the bushing; A first pressing assembly is disposed on one side of the positioning seat along the bushing pressing direction. The first pressing assembly includes: a driving member, the output end of which moves in a direction parallel to the bushing pressing direction; a pressing member, which is used to receive and push the bushing to move; and a centering adjustment member, which is disposed between the driving member and the pressing member, for connecting the pressing member to the output end of the driving member. The second pressing assembly is disposed on the side of the positioning seat away from the first pressing assembly and is disposed opposite to the first pressing assembly. The second pressing assembly is used to receive the bushing transported by the pressing component and apply a thrust opposite to the pressing component to the bushing so that the bushing is pressed into the mounting hole. During the process of pressing the bushing into the workpiece, when the centering adjustment member is subjected to the reaction force of the pressing member, the centering adjustment member allows the pressing member to move in a plane perpendicular to the pressing direction of the bushing, so that the pressing member automatically adapts to the axis of the mounting hole on the workpiece. The press-fit component has a first moving direction and a second moving direction in a plane perpendicular to the press-fit direction of the bushing, wherein the first moving direction and the second moving direction are perpendicular to each other. The centering adjustment component includes: a first fixed frame connected to the output end of the drive component; a first movable block connected to the first fixed frame at both ends along the first moving direction via a first elastic element, so that the first movable block can move along the first moving direction; a second movable block connected to the first fixed frame at both ends along the second moving direction via a second elastic element, so that the second movable block can move along the second moving direction; and a pressing component connected to the end of the second movable block away from the first movable block. The centering adjustment component further includes: a first adjustment rod, comprising a first rod body and a first abutment, the diameter of the first abutment being larger than the diameter of the first rod body; a second adjustment rod, comprising a second rod body and a second abutment, the diameter of the second abutment being larger than the diameter of the second rod body; wherein, a first adjustment block is provided at one end of the first fixed frame along the first moving direction, the first rod body passes through the first adjustment block and is threadedly connected to the first moving block, and the first abutment is movably abutted against the first adjustment block; a second adjustment block is provided at one end of the first fixed frame along the second moving direction, the second rod body passes through the second adjustment block and is threadedly connected to the second moving block, and the second abutment is movably abutted against the second adjustment block.

2. The press-fitting fixture with self-aligning function as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The first fixed frame is provided with a first countersunk hole at both ends along the first moving direction. A first equal-height bolt is provided in the first countersunk hole. The first equal-height bolt passes through the first countersunk hole and is connected to the first moving block. The first elastic element is sleeved on the outside of the first equal-height bolt. The first fixing frame has a second countersunk hole at both ends along the second moving direction. A second equal-height bolt is provided in the second countersunk hole. The second equal-height bolt passes through the second countersunk hole and is connected to the second moving block. The second elastic element is sleeved on the outside of the second equal-height bolt.

3. The pressing fixture with self-aligning function as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The first movable block is provided with a first slider at one end away from the second movable block, and the first fixed frame is provided with a first slide rail extending along the first moving direction, and the first slider is slidably disposed on the first slide rail; The second moving block has a second slider at one end facing the first moving block, and the first moving block has a second slide rail extending along the second moving direction, with the second slider slidably disposed on the second slide rail.

4. The press-fitting fixture with self-aligning function as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The press-fit component includes: The first pressing platform is disposed on the centering adjustment member and forms a first fixed space with the centering adjustment member; The first sleeve has a first hanging platform at one end, which is fixed in the first fixed space, and the other end passes through the first pressing platform to form a first receiving cavity to accommodate the bushing. The pressure rod has a second mounting platform at one end, a third countersunk hole in the first sleeve, the second mounting platform is movably located at the large end of the third countersunk hole and abuts against the transition area of ​​the hole wall, and the other end of the pressure rod passes through the first receiving cavity and extends out of the first sleeve. The third elastic element is located inside the large end of the third countersunk hole and abuts against the second mounting platform.

5. A press-fitting fixture with self-aligning function as described in claim 1, characterized in that, Also includes: A support platform, on which the first pressing assembly and the second pressing assembly are fixed; The third slide rail is provided on the support platform along the bushing pressing direction; The third slider is disposed on the positioning seat and slides in cooperation with the third slide rail, so that the positioning seat is movably disposed on the support platform.

6. A press-fitting fixture with self-aligning function as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The second press-fit assembly includes: Second mounting bracket; The third moving block is connected to the second fixed frame at both ends along the first moving direction by a fourth elastic element; The fourth movable block is connected to the second fixed frame at both ends along the second moving direction by a fifth elastic element; The second pressing platform is disposed on the fourth movable block and forms a second fixed space with the fourth movable block; The second sleeve has a third hanging platform at one end and is fixed in the second fixed space, and the other end passes through the second pressing platform to form a second receiving cavity to receive the bushing. The receiving rod has a fourth mounting platform at one end, and a fourth countersunk hole in the second sleeve. The fourth mounting platform is movably located at the large end of the fourth countersunk hole and abuts against the transition area of ​​the hole wall. The other end of the receiving rod extends out of the second sleeve. The sixth elastic element is located inside the large end of the fourth countersunk hole and abuts against the fourth mounting platform.

7. A press-fitting fixture with self-aligning function as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The positioning seat includes: Positioning plate; A positioning block and a contour block arranged circumferentially along the positioning block, wherein the positioning block is used to position the workpiece; A clamping cylinder is mounted on the positioning plate to clamp the workpiece.

Images