A material for treating acid mine drainage and a method of preparation and a method of treating wastewater

Abstract

The present application belongs to the technical field of acid mine drainage pollution treatment, and specifically discloses a material for treating acid mine drainage, a preparation method thereof and a wastewater treatment method. The material is a combination of three kinds of natural mineral-based functional materials, which are a first functional material, a slow-release material, mainly a carbonate rock matrix, manganese dioxide and a binder, with a mass ratio of 7-8:1-2:1; a second functional material, a catalytic oxidation material, mainly manganese dioxide, fibrous magnesium-rich clay mineral and a binder, with a mass ratio of 7-8:1-2:1; and a third functional material, a high-performance adsorption material, mainly volcanic clay mineral, manganese dioxide, fibrous magnesium-rich clay mineral and a binder, with a mass ratio of 5-7:1-2:1-2:1; and the mass ratio of the first functional material, the second functional material and the third functional material is 1:10:10. The material provided by the present application is simple to assemble and maintain in the wastewater treatment method, does not need additional chemical agents, avoids sludge blockage and secondary pollution, and has low preparation and treatment costs.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The application belongs to the technical field of acid mine drainage pollution treatment, and particularly discloses a material for treating acid mine drainage, a preparation method of the material, and a wastewater treatment method. BACKGROUND

[0002] Acid mine drainage (AMD) is mainly derived from the oxidation of sulfide ores, typical sulfide iron minerals including coal, pyrite (FeS2), arsenopyrite (FeAsS) and chalcopyrite (CuFeS2), etc. During the mining of metal and coal mines, these ores exposed in the air at the mining section will be oxidized, and further oxidized and acidified to form acid water when encountering water. The acid water will dissolve various ions in the minerals it contacts, eventually forming “acid mine pollution water” containing low pH, Fe 2+ , Mn 2+ , SO4 2- , etc., commonly known as “rust water” and “yellow water”. Due to different mining strata, similar situations will occur in closed / abandoned coal mines after 5 years of closure, and will migrate through groundwater to the surface. In addition, Acidithiobacillus Ferrooxidans will promote the conversion of Fe 2+ to Fe 3+ , exacerbating the formation of AMD, and producing iron rust-colored precipitates that will emerge from the mine through rainfall and surface runoff, polluting the surrounding environment.

[0003] The main pollution control idea of AMD is “source reduction + process interception + end-of-pipe treatment”, and the treatment methods are “active treatment” and “passive treatment”. Active treatment technologies include electrochemical methods, neutralization and alkali addition methods (using chemicals to precipitate metals), adsorption methods, ion exchange methods, and membrane separation methods, etc. Passive treatment technologies include artificial wetland biological treatment, permeable reactive barrier, limestone drainage ditch chemical treatment, and sulfate-reducing biological reactors, etc. The lime neutralization method in physical and chemical methods is widely used and can effectively increase the pH value of wastewater and precipitate part of the heavy metals. In biological methods, the technology of using the metabolic action of microorganisms to remove pollutants in wastewater has also made significant progress, but in practical applications, the traditional alkali neutralization method is still more common. At present, the effect and long-term stability of the traditional materials used to treat acid mine drainage wastewater at home and abroad are insufficient, and the treatment materials interfere with the surrounding environment, posing a risk of secondary pollution. SUMMARY

[0004] In view of the above technical problems and application background, the present application provides a material for treating acid mine drainage and a preparation method and a wastewater treatment method, and specifically provides a functional material combination integrating slow-release neutralization, adsorption and catalytic oxidation reaction, which can efficiently remove acidic substances and heavy metal ions in AMD.

[0005] A material for treating acid mine drainage is a combination of three natural mineral-based functional materials.

[0006] The first functional material is a slow-release material, and the raw materials are carbonate rock matrix, manganese dioxide and a binder, and the mass ratio of the carbonate rock matrix, manganese dioxide and the binder is 7-8:1-2:1.

[0007] The second functional material is a catalytic oxidation material, and the raw materials are manganese dioxide, fibrous magnesium-rich clay mineral and a binder, and the mass ratio of the manganese dioxide, fibrous magnesium-rich clay mineral and the binder is 7-8:1-2:1.

[0008] The third functional material is a high-performance adsorption material, and the raw materials are volcanic clay mineral, manganese dioxide, fibrous magnesium-rich clay mineral and a binder, and the mass ratio of the volcanic clay mineral, manganese dioxide, fibrous magnesium-rich clay mineral and the binder is 5-7:1-2:1-2:1.

[0009] The mass ratio of the first functional material, the second functional material and the third functional material is 1:10:10.

[0010] Further, the mass ratio of the carbonate rock matrix, manganese dioxide and the binder in the first functional material is 8:1:1; the mass ratio of the manganese dioxide, fibrous magnesium-rich clay mineral and the binder in the second functional material is 8:1:1; and the mass ratio of the volcanic clay mineral, manganese dioxide, fibrous magnesium-rich clay mineral and the binder in the third functional material is 6:2:1:1.

[0011] The preparation method of the material for treating acid mine drainage comprises the following steps:

[0012] S1. Take raw materials of carbonate rock matrix, manganese dioxide, fibrous magnesium-rich clay mineral and volcanic clay mineral, and crush the above raw materials into powders, respectively.

[0013] S2. The carbonatite matrix, manganese dioxide raw material powder and adhesive prepared in step S1 are mixed in proportion and stirred thoroughly to obtain a first functional material mixture; the manganese dioxide, fibrous magnesium-rich clay mineral raw material powder and adhesive prepared in step S1 are mixed in proportion and stirred thoroughly to obtain a second functional material mixture; the volcanic clay mineral, manganese dioxide, fibrous magnesium-rich clay mineral raw material powder and adhesive prepared in step S1 are mixed in proportion and stirred thoroughly to obtain a third functional material mixture.

[0014] S3. The three functional material mixtures in step S2 are granulated respectively to obtain a material combination for treating acid mine wastewater.

[0015] Further, the raw material powder in step S1 is further sieved through a 200-mesh sieve.

[0016] Further, the mixer and manual mixing and stirring are used in step S2, and the mixing and stirring time is determined according to the total amount of raw materials; the mixer is used for mixing, and the inside of the mixer is ensured to be dry and free of impurities.

[0017] Further, the 3m diameter disc granulator or round pot granulator is used for granulation in step S3, and an appropriate amount of atomized water is sprayed during granulation to obtain spherical granular materials with a particle size of 20-60mm.

[0018] The wastewater treatment method for treating acid mine wastewater of the present application comprises the following steps:

[0019] F1. A combined treatment method of wastewater collection, adjustment and permeable reaction tank is used, and the main wastewater treatment facilities are sequentially arranged as a regulation tank, an aerated grit tank, an ion reaction tank, a first modified permeable reaction tank and a second modified permeable reaction tank as five-stage treatment units.

[0020] F1. A combined treatment method of wastewater collection, adjustment and permeable reaction tank is used, and the main wastewater treatment facilities are sequentially arranged as a regulation tank, an aerated grit tank, an ion reaction tank, a first modified permeable reaction tank and a second modified permeable reaction tank as five-stage treatment units.

[0021] F2. The first functional material is filled in the ion reaction tank, which slowly releases active substances to neutralize acidic substances in the wastewater in cooperation with SO4 2-The reaction occurs, the slightly soluble calcium sulfate is formed on the surface of the material, and the pH value of the wastewater is increased to the range suitable for subsequent treatment, the continuous use time and treatment efficiency of the subsequent treatment material are prolonged, and the slow-release neutralization effect is achieved; the second functional material is filled in the first modified permeable reaction pool, and chemical reaction occurs between the second functional material and the iron and manganese ions in the wastewater to generate electrostatic adsorption and form a precipitate, thereby achieving the catalytic oxidation and interception filtration effects; the third functional material is filled in the second modified permeable reaction pool, and the rare powder element in the third functional material has high adsorption capacity and high adsorption selectivity, and electrostatic adsorption occurs between the rare powder element and the different potential potentials of the iron and manganese ions in the wastewater, thereby achieving the adsorption of pollutants and the interception filtration effect; all the functional materials are filled to 80% of the volume of the pool body.

[0022] F3. The wastewater treatment main facility is designed as a gravity self-flowing type, without the need for adding an additional power source, and a retaining wall is arranged in the middle of all the pool bodies; after the water flow is treated by the functional material from the top of the pool body, the water flow is overflowed from the top of the rear end of the pool body and discharged to the next treatment unit.

[0023] F4. The wastewater enters the conditioning pool and finally flows out of the second modified permeable reaction pool, and the precipitated sludge is discharged from the sludge temporary storage pool connected with the aerated grit chamber; through the wastewater treatment main facility, the wastewater is adjusted and precipitated, the slow-release material is neutralized, the catalytic active reaction is catalyzed, and the high-performance adsorption material is adsorbed, so that the water body is effectively purified.

[0024] Further, the conditioning pool and the aerated grit chamber are connected with each other at the design elevation, the conditioning pool intercepts and treats the precipitate, and simultaneously adjusts the hydraulic instantaneous load, the aerated grit chamber oxygenates the water body, and accelerates the contact oxidation of Fe 2+ in the water body, and simultaneously precipitates and collects the particulate matter.

[0025] Further, the wastewater treatment main facility adopts a rain and sewage diversion pretreatment process, and an overflow port is arranged at the front end of the pretreatment process to prevent the entry of unpolluted surface water and water body under excessive impact load in the wet season, so as to avoid the influence of too high impact water quantity on the normal operation of the wastewater treatment main facility.

[0026] Further, the wastewater treatment main facility is merged into an artificial wetland at the end for deep treatment, and the artificial wetland adopts strong water plants and uses gravel, zeolite or vermiculite as the substrate filler.

[0027] Beneficial effects:

[0028] (1) The treatment cost per unit of water quantity is greatly reduced. Compared with the traditional neutralization and precipitation method of constructing a field sewage treatment station, the functional material for treating mine wastewater pollution in the present application is an economical, simple, efficient, sustainable and less secondary pollution in-situ passive remediation technology, and the unit treatment cost of wastewater can be reduced by 66%-87%.

[0029] (2) Low operating and maintenance costs. The wastewater treatment process of the present application is an in-situ passive remediation technology that does not require additional energy input, resulting in low operating costs. In contrast, traditional methods such as pump-and-treat technology require significant electricity and equipment maintenance costs, while the functional material of the present application only requires periodic monitoring and maintenance during operation, without the need for frequent material replacement.

[0030] (3) Longer material life and better long-term performance. The functional material of the present application has a long service life of at least 5-8 years, reducing the frequency of material replacement and related costs. In contrast, traditional methods can require more frequent equipment upgrades and maintenance. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0031] In order to make the content of the present application more easily understood, the present application will be further described in detail below according to specific embodiments of the present application and in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.

[0032] Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of the main facility for treating acid mine drainage water according to the present application;

[0033] Figure 2 is a reaction formula involved in the treatment of acid mine drainage water according to the present application. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0034] In order to make the purpose, technical scheme and advantages of the present application more clear and explicit, the present application will be further described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and examples. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are only used to explain the present application method, and are not used to limit the present application method.

[0035] Acid mine drainage (AMD) has great harm to water bodies, soil and human health. If AMD is directly discharged into rivers, lakes, reservoirs, etc., it will seriously damage water quality, inhibit the growth of aquatic organisms, and even cause their extinction, seriously damaging the ecological balance. When AMD flows through the soil, it will consume the soil, causing soil acid-base imbalance, affecting plant and crop growth, and reducing crop yield and biodiversity. The numerous heavy metals (such as Cu, Cd, Pb, Fe and Mn, etc.) contained in AMD can be continuously enriched in the human body through the food chain, leading to health problems such as diarrhea, joint pain, stones and even cancer, seriously threatening human health.

[0036] For example, the formation mechanism of pyrite AMD is shown in Table 1:

[0037] Table 1 Formation mechanism and chemical formula of AMD

[0038]

[0039]

[0040] The heavy metal pollution in acid mine drainage is mainly caused by Fe and Mn, and iron ions in water can easily form iron-containing compounds under alkaline conditions. The presence of iron seriously interferes with the removal of heavy metals such as manganese. The filler containing manganese, silicon and other elements has a good effect on the removal of iron and manganese. Trivalent iron ions in water can easily form deep yellow colloidal substances. These iron-containing colloidal compounds can be intercepted by the filler rich in manganese elements and deposited in the filler. At the same time, an active filter membrane with contact oxidation is generated on the surface of the filler particles. The active filter membrane can effectively adsorb iron ions, and then hydrolyze to generate hydroxide water and molecules [Fe(OH)3·H2O] and [Mn(OH) x ·H2O], and participate in the contact oxidation reaction as a new catalyst, so that the active filter membrane is continuously thickened and self-repaired, achieving the effect of removing iron and manganese.

[0041] The functional material combination provided by the present application has the functions of slow-release and catalytic oxidation, and shows high treatment efficiency and environmental friendliness. The specific content is as follows:

[0042] The present application provides a material for treating acid mine drainage, which is a combination of three natural mineral-based functional materials.

[0043] The first functional material is a slow-release material, and the raw materials are carbonate rock matrix, manganese dioxide and binder, and the mass ratio of the carbonate rock matrix, manganese dioxide and binder is 7-8:1-2:1.

[0044] The second functional material is a catalytic oxidation material, and the raw materials are manganese dioxide, fibrous magnesium-rich clay mineral and binder, and the mass ratio of manganese dioxide, fibrous magnesium-rich clay mineral and binder is 7-8:1-2:1.

[0045] The third functional material is a high-performance adsorption material, and the raw materials are volcanic clay mineral, manganese dioxide, fibrous magnesium-rich clay mineral and binder, and the mass ratio of volcanic clay mineral, manganese dioxide, fibrous magnesium-rich clay mineral and binder is 5-7:1-2:1-2:1.

[0046] The mass ratio of the raw materials in each functional material can be adjusted within a small range according to the actual pollution situation.

[0047] The mass ratio of the first functional material, the second functional material and the third functional material is 1:10:10.

[0048] Further, the mass ratio of the carbonate rock matrix, manganese dioxide and binder in the first functional material is 8:1:1; the mass ratio of manganese dioxide, fibrous magnesium-rich clay mineral and binder in the second functional material is 8:1:1; and the mass ratio of volcanic clay mineral, manganese dioxide, fibrous magnesium-rich clay mineral and binder in the third functional material is 6:2:1:1.

[0049] The preparation method of the material for treating acid mine wastewater of the present application comprises the following steps:

[0050] S1. Take the raw materials of carbonate rock matrix, manganese dioxide, fibrous magnesium-rich clay mineral material and volcanic clay mineral, and crush the above raw materials into powder respectively.

[0051] S2. Mix the carbonate rock matrix, manganese dioxide raw material powder prepared in step S1 with the binder in proportion and stir thoroughly to obtain the first functional material mixture; mix the manganese dioxide, fibrous magnesium-rich clay mineral raw material powder prepared in step S1 with the binder in proportion and stir thoroughly to obtain the second functional material mixture; mix the volcanic clay mineral, manganese dioxide, fibrous magnesium-rich clay mineral raw material powder prepared in step S1 with the binder in proportion and stir thoroughly to obtain the third functional material mixture.

[0052] S3. Granulate the three functional material mixtures of step S2 respectively to obtain the material combination for treating acid mine wastewater.

[0053] Further, the raw material crushed powder in step S1 is further sieved through a 200-mesh sieve.

[0054] Further, in step S2, a stirrer and manual mixing and stirring are used, and the mixing and stirring time is determined according to the total amount of raw materials. When a stirrer is used for mixing, the inside of the stirrer must be dry and free of impurities.

[0055] Further, in step S3, a 3m diameter disc granulator or a round pot granulator is used for granulation, and an appropriate amount of atomized water is sprayed during granulation to obtain spherical granular material with a particle size of 20-60mm.

[0056] The wastewater treatment method for treating acid mine wastewater of the present application comprises the following steps:

[0057] F1. Adopting the combined treatment method of wastewater collection and adjustment and permeable reaction tank, the wastewater treatment main facility is sequentially set as the adjustment tank, the sand aeration tank, the ion reaction tank, the first modified permeable reaction tank, and the second modified permeable reaction tank, which are five-level treatment units.

[0058] F1. Adopting the combined treatment method of wastewater collection and adjustment and permeable reaction tank, the wastewater treatment main facility is sequentially set as the adjustment tank, the sand aeration tank, the ion reaction tank, the first modified permeable reaction tank, and the second modified permeable reaction tank, which are five-level treatment units.

[0059] F2. The first functional material is filled in the ion reaction tank, which slowly releases active substances to neutralize acidic substances in the wastewater in cooperation with SO4 2-The reaction occurs, the slightly soluble calcium sulfate is formed on the surface of the material, and the pH value of the wastewater is increased to the range suitable for subsequent treatment, the continuous use time and treatment efficiency of the subsequent treatment material are prolonged, and the slow-release neutralization effect is achieved; the second functional material is filled in the first modified permeable reaction pool, and the chemical reaction between the second functional material and the iron and manganese ions in the wastewater produces electrostatic adsorption and forms a precipitate, so that the catalytic oxidation and interception filtration effects are achieved; the third functional material is filled in the second modified permeable reaction pool, and the rare powder elements in the third functional material have high adsorption capacity and high adsorption selectivity, and the electrostatic adsorption of the rare powder elements to the different potential potentials of the iron and manganese ions in the wastewater is achieved, so that the adsorption of the pollutants and the interception filtration effects are achieved; all the functional materials are filled to 80% of the volume of the pool body.

[0060] F3. The wastewater treatment main facility is designed as a gravity self-flowing type, without the need of adding an additional power source, and a retaining wall is arranged in the middle of all the pool bodies; the water flow is treated by the functional materials from the top of the pool body, and then is overflowed from the top of the rear end of the pool body and discharged to the next treatment unit.

[0061] F4. The wastewater enters the adjusting pool and finally flows out of the second modified permeable reaction pool, and the precipitated sludge is discharged from the sludge temporary storage pool connected with the aerated grit chamber; through the adjusting, precipitating, slow-release material neutralizing, catalytic active reaction and high-performance adsorption material adsorbing processes of the wastewater by the wastewater treatment main facility, the water body is effectively purified.

[0062] Further, the adjusting pool and the aerated grit chamber are connected with each other at the design elevation, the adjusting pool intercepts and treats the precipitate, simultaneously adjusts the hydraulic instantaneous load, the aerated grit chamber oxygenates the water body, accelerates the contact oxidation of Fe 2+ in the water body, and precipitates and collects the particulate matters at the same time.

[0063] Further, the wastewater treatment main facility adopts a rain and sewage diversion pretreatment process, and an overflow port is arranged at the front end of the pretreatment process to prevent the entry of unpolluted surface water and water body when the impact load is too large in the high water period, so as to avoid the too high impact water quantity from affecting the normal operation of the wastewater treatment main facility.

[0064] Further, the wastewater treatment main facility is connected with an artificial wetland at the end for deep treatment, the artificial wetland adopts water plants with strong adaptability, and gravel, zeolite or vermiculite is used as the substrate filler.

[0065] The functional material combination use method of the present application is a combination technology of "wastewater collection and adjustment + permeable reaction pool". The permeable reaction pool is implemented according to the hydrogeology and hydraulic connection, a flexible "combined filler bed" is selected, the functional material combination of "slow-release material neutralization + catalytic active reaction + high-performance adsorption material adsorption" is adopted, and through the neutralization, precipitation, adsorption, catalysis and other action processes, the water body is effectively purified. The facility construction can be adapted to the local conditions, and the surrounding original ditches and long river processes can be fully utilized to build according to the terrain.

[0066] As Figure 2 The reaction formula (1)-(7) involved in the treatment of acid mine wastewater of the present application, in the pretreatment stage (adjustment tank, aerated grit tank, ion reaction tank), the main goal is to raise the pH value of the wastewater to the range suitable for subsequent treatment, while effectively reducing the Fe 2+ concentration, creating ideal water quality conditions for subsequent advanced treatment. This stage gradually adjusts the pH value of the contaminated water by adding slow-release materials, which can slowly release alkaline substances, avoiding the instability of the wastewater treatment process caused by direct use of strong alkali. In the oxygenation and aeration link, oxygen is fully dissolved in the water, promoting the oxidation of Fe 2+ ions to Fe 3+ ions, while increasing the dissolved oxygen content in the wastewater. This synergistic effect not only effectively reduces the concentration of iron ions in the wastewater, but also provides the necessary prerequisites for adsorption and precipitation in the subsequent treatment stage. In this process, Fe 3+ ions are converted to insoluble substances through precipitation, which can be removed by physical filtration or sedimentation, thereby significantly improving the preliminary water quality of the wastewater.

[0067] Subsequently, the wastewater enters the first modified permeable reaction tank, where the second functional material catalytic oxidation material will form an iron active filter membrane [Fe(OH)3·2H2O] on the surface of the filler through neutralization, oxidation, and other principles. The iron active filter membrane first adsorbs Fe 2+ in the water in an ion exchange manner, and when dissolved oxygen is present in the water, the adsorbed Fe 2+ is rapidly hydrolyzed under the catalytic action of the iron active filter membrane, and the reaction products participate in the catalytic reaction, and iron is continuously removed. The formation of the "active filter membrane" requires a certain time, and regular backwashing is required to prevent the thickening of the filter membrane from being blocked. The iron and manganese in the subsequently treated wastewater will be significantly reduced, and then enters the second modified permeable reaction tank, where the high-performance adsorption material has adsorption and interception filtration functions for water quality treatment. Through the fibrous magnesium-rich clay mineral powder in the high-performance adsorption material, it has better adsorption performance and higher adsorption selectivity, further adsorbing impurities and heavy metals in the wastewater.

[0068] The application provides a functional material combination and a preparation method thereof, which integrates slow-release neutralization, adsorption and catalytic oxidation reaction, and can efficiently remove acidic substances and heavy metal ions in AMD. By a special process, the alkaline substances or active components are wrapped in a substrate with a specific structure to achieve slow release and maintain long-term stable treatment effect. The material can automatically adjust the release amount according to the acidity and pollution load of AMD, solves the problem of short-term effect and frequent replacement of traditional materials, and is an AMD treatment scheme combining material science, environmental science, ecology and AMD treatment technology. The functional material has a large particle size, can effectively reduce the cementation and blockage between materials, and ensures that the treated water can meet the discharge standard.

[0069] Obviously, the above examples are only examples for clearly illustrating but not limiting the embodiments. Based on the above description, other different forms of changes or variations can be made by those skilled in the art. All the embodiments are not enumerated here, and the obvious changes or variations derived therefrom are still within the protection scope of the application. It is easy for those skilled in the art to understand that the above description is only for the preferred embodiments of the application and is not used to limit the application, and any modification, equivalent replacement and improvement made within the spirit and principle of the application should be included in the protection scope of the application.

Claims

1. A method for producing a material for treating acid mine drainage, characterized by, The material for treating acid mine drainage is a combination of three natural mineral-based functional materials: The first functional material: slow-release material; the raw materials are carbonate rock matrix, manganese dioxide and binder, and the mass ratio of the carbonate rock matrix, manganese dioxide and binder is 7-8:1-2:1; The second functional material: catalytic oxidation material; the raw materials are manganese dioxide, fibrous magnesium-rich clay mineral and binder, and the mass ratio of the manganese dioxide, fibrous magnesium-rich clay mineral and binder is 7-8:1-2:1; The third functional material: high-performance adsorption material; The raw materials are volcanic clay mineral, manganese dioxide, fibrous magnesium-rich clay mineral and binder, and the mass ratio of the volcanic clay mineral, manganese dioxide, fibrous magnesium-rich clay mineral and binder is 5-7:1-2:1-2:1; The mass ratio of the first functional material, the second functional material and the third functional material is 1:10:10; The preparation method of the material for treating acid mine drainage comprises the following steps: S1. Take the raw materials of carbonate rock matrix, manganese dioxide, fibrous magnesium-rich clay mineral and volcanic clay mineral, and crush the above raw materials into powder respectively; S2. Mix the carbonate rock matrix, manganese dioxide raw material powder prepared in step S1 with the binder in proportion and stir thoroughly to obtain the first functional material mixture; mix the manganese dioxide, fibrous magnesium-rich clay mineral raw material powder prepared in step S1 with the binder in proportion and stir thoroughly to obtain the second functional material mixture; mix the volcanic clay mineral, manganese dioxide, fibrous magnesium-rich clay mineral raw material powder prepared in step S1 with the binder in proportion and stir thoroughly to obtain the third functional material mixture; S3. Granulate the three functional material mixtures of step S2 respectively to obtain the material combination for treating acid mine drainage.

2. The method of producing a material for treating acid mine drainage according to claim 1, characterized by, The mass ratio of the carbonate rock matrix, manganese dioxide and binder in the first functional material is 8:1:1; the mass ratio of the manganese dioxide, fibrous magnesium-rich clay mineral and binder in the second functional material is 8:1:1; the mass ratio of the volcanic clay mineral, manganese dioxide, fibrous magnesium-rich clay mineral and binder in the third functional material is 6:2:1:

1.

3. The method of claim 1, wherein the material for treating acid mine drainage is prepared by the steps of: In step S1, the raw material powder is also sieved through a 200-mesh sieve.

4. The method of claim 1, wherein the material for treating acid mine drainage is prepared by the steps of: In step S2, a stirrer and manual mixing and stirring are used, and the mixing and stirring time is determined according to the total amount of the raw materials. When a stirrer is used for mixing, the inside of the stirrer must be dry and free of impurities.

5. The method of claim 1, wherein the material for treating acid mine drainage is prepared by the steps of: In step S3, a 3m diameter disc granulator or a round pot granulator is used for granulation, and an appropriate amount of atomized water is sprayed during granulation to obtain spherical granular materials with a particle size of 20-60mm.

6. A method of treating wastewater, characterized by, The material for treating acid mine drainage prepared by the preparation method of claim 1 is treated, comprising the following steps: F1. A combination of wastewater collection and adjustment and permeable reaction tank is used to treat the wastewater, and the main wastewater treatment facilities are sequentially arranged as a conditioning tank, a sand aeration tank, an ion reaction tank, a first modified permeable reaction tank and a second modified permeable reaction tank. F2. In the ion reaction pool, the first functional material is filled, which cooperates with SO4 2- reacts by slowly releasing active substances, neutralizing acidic substances in wastewater, forming slightly soluble calcium sulfate on the surface of the material, and increasing the pH value of the wastewater to the range suitable for subsequent treatment, prolonging the continuous use time and treatment efficiency of the subsequent treatment material, and buffering the neutralization effect; the first modified permeable reaction pool is filled with the second functional material, which produces chemical reactions with iron and manganese ions in wastewater to produce electrostatic adsorption and form precipitates, catalytic oxidation, and interception and filtration; the second modified permeable reaction pool is filled with the third functional material, which contains rare powder elements with high adsorption capacity and high adsorption selectivity, and produces electrostatic adsorption on different potential potentials of iron and manganese ions in wastewater, adsorbing pollutants and intercepting and filtering; all functional materials are filled to 80% of the pool volume. F3. The main wastewater treatment facility is designed as a gravity flow type, without additional power source, and a retaining wall is arranged in the middle of all pool bodies; the water flow is treated by functional materials from the top of the pool body, and then overflowed from the top of the rear end of the pool body to the next treatment unit; F4. The wastewater enters from the adjusting pool and finally flows out from the secondary modified permeable reaction pool, and the precipitated sludge is discharged from the sludge temporary storage pool connected with the aerated grit chamber; Through the adjustment and precipitation of wastewater by the main wastewater treatment facility, the neutralization of slow-release materials, the catalytic active reaction and the adsorption of high-performance adsorption materials, the water body is effectively purified.

7. A method of wastewater treatment according to claim 6, characterised in that, The adjusting pool and the aeration grit chamber are connected with each other at the design elevation, the adjusting pool intercepts the treatment sediment, simultaneously adjusts the hydraulic instantaneous load, the aeration grit chamber is oxygenated for the water body, accelerates the contact oxidation water body Fe 2+ , and simultaneously precipitates and collects the particulate matter.

8. The method of claim 6, wherein the wastewater is treated in a wastewater treatment plant. The main wastewater treatment facility adopts a rain and sewage diversion pretreatment process, and an overflow port is arranged at the front end of the pretreatment process to prevent the entry of unpolluted surface water and water body during the heavy load impact in the high water period, so as to avoid the impact of too high water volume on the normal operation of the main wastewater treatment facility.

9. The method of claim 6, wherein the wastewater is treated in a wastewater treatment plant. The main wastewater treatment facility is connected with an artificial wetland at the end for deep treatment, and the artificial wetland adopts strong water plants and uses gravel, zeolite or vermiculite as substrate filler.

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