High-efficiency sediment conveying method

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of silt conveying, and particularly relates to a high-efficiency silt conveying method which comprises the following specific steps: constructing a deposition reservoir at one end of the upstream of an overground river which is seriously deposited by silt; a mud unloading wharf is built behind the dam body of the sedimentary reservoir dam; a left bank mud stirring machine and a right bank mud stirring machine are arranged on the sedimentation reservoir dam body; a transition groove is formed in the front of a dam body of the sedimentary reservoir dam; the front end of the transition groove is connected with an anti-deposition aqueduct; the silt conveying method is low in water resource consumption, low in influence on the ecological environment and high in efficiency, is used for solving the problem that a large amount of silt is deposited in a river channel, and comprises the following steps: excavating silt in a deposition reservoir in a dry season, inputting the silt into a stirrer, and stirring the silt into a water mixture with a proper ratio; and then the water enters an anti-deposition aqueduct with a specific function and is conveyed to the sea with the shortest distance from the anti-deposition aqueduct.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of sediment transportation, in particular to a high-efficiency sediment transportation method. Background Art

[0002] The accumulation of silt in the riverbed is harmful. The riverbed gradually rises and becomes an above-ground river. In order to prevent the levees from bursting, people spend a lot of manpower, material resources and financial resources to raise the levees. During flood season, the water level is too high. Once the levees burst, the river water will submerge a large amount of land and houses and property, causing disasters for a large number of people.

[0003] To clear river sediment, many technologies have been employed, such as giant dredgers and water diversion for sand flushing. However, the sheer volume of sediment accumulated in rivers is enormous, and existing technologies are limited in their ability to remove it. Water diversion for sand flushing consumes vast quantities of water resources, severely harms fish habitats, and severely impacts ship traffic in the channel where the sediment is flushed.

[0004] Therefore, creative work and simulation experiments are needed to innovate a sediment transportation method that consumes the least water resources, has the lowest impact on the ecological environment, does not affect most waterways, and has high efficiency, so as to solve the problem of massive sediment accumulation in river channels.

[0005] In modern society, ships are the largest means of transportation, but artificial canals, aqueducts, and pipelines offer the greatest transport capacity. These can only transport specific liquids, making it difficult to transport sediment-water mixtures that are prone to sedimentation.

[0006] Therefore, it is necessary to research and develop a high-efficiency sediment transportation method specifically for the transportation of large amounts of sediment. Summary of the Invention

[0007] The object of the present invention is to provide a high-efficiency sediment transportation method to solve the problems raised in the above background technology.

[0008] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solution: a high-efficiency sediment transportation method, the specific steps of the high-efficiency sediment transportation method are as follows:

[0009] Step 1: Build a sedimentation reservoir at the upstream end of the river where sedimentation has seriously accumulated and formed on the ground. Build a mud unloading dock behind the dam of the sedimentation reservoir. Set a left bank mud mixer and a right bank mud mixer on the top of the dam of the sedimentation reservoir. Set a transition trough in front of the dam of the sedimentation reservoir. Connect an anti-sedimentation aqueduct at the front end of the transition trough. The anti-sedimentation aqueduct extends all the way to the nearest sea. The anti-sedimentation aqueduct consists of a triangle, a high-pressure gas device system and an aqueduct body. When the height of the triangle is 1 meter, the width of the triangle base is 2 meters. The high-pressure gas pipe is laid at the lowest part between the triangles. A jet nozzle is set on the top of the high-pressure gas pipe. The high-pressure gas pipe is supplied with high-pressure gas by an air compressor.

[0010] Step 2: Scheduling method of sedimentation reservoir:

[0011] Step 1: At the end of the dry season, gradually open the drainage holes at the bottom of the sedimentation reservoir dam to gradually drain the water in the reservoir. No dead water capacity will be set in the sedimentation reservoir, and the reservoir area will become a natural river channel.

[0012] Step 2: At the beginning of the flood season, when the water entering the sedimentation reservoir is muddy, gradually close the drainage holes at the bottom of the dam so that the discharge volume of the sedimentation reservoir is less than the inflow volume, and the water level of the sedimentation reservoir gradually rises;

[0013] Step 3: When the water level of the sedimentation reservoir rises to the normal high water level, the discharge of the sedimentation reservoir is equal to the inflow of water. During the entire muddy water period, the sedimentation reservoir remains at the normal high water level.

[0014] Step 4: At the end of the flood season, the water entering the sedimentation reservoir will gradually become clear water. At this time, the dredging fleet enters the sedimentation reservoir from the ship lock at the reservoir dam and begins dredging operations;

[0015] Step 5: The dredging fleet continues to operate until the end of the dry season, and then leaves the sedimentation reservoir;

[0016] After the dredging fleet leaves the sedimentation reservoir, the process starts again from step 1, and the scheduling cycle continues.

[0017] Step 3: At the end of the flood season, the water level of the sedimentation reservoir is lowered to a depth suitable for the dredging fleet to operate. The dredger enters the sedimentation reservoir from the ship lock at the dam body. First, dredging is carried out at the unloading dock and nearby. The excavated mud and sand are directly sprayed by the dredger into the left bank mud mixer or the right bank mud mixer. When the dredger cannot directly spray the mud and sand into the mud mixer due to the long distance, the mud transport ship enters the sedimentation reservoir. The mud and sand of the dredger are transported to the left bank mud mixer or the right bank mud mixer by the mud transport ship. After mixing, the mud and sand pass through the transition chute and then enter the anti-sedimentation aqueduct. After passing through the anti-sedimentation aqueduct, the mud and sand enter the sea.

[0018] Preferably, when the mass ratio of sediment to water is 1:0.25, the speed requirement of the mud mixer is as follows:

[0019] When the diameter of sand particles in the sediment is ≤0.015mm, the stirring shaft speed is <270r / min, and the stirring blade linear speed is <9m / s;

[0020] When the diameter of sand particles in the sediment is ≤0.025mm, the stirring shaft speed is <240r / min, and the stirring blade linear speed is <7m / s;

[0021] When the diameter of sand particles in the sediment is ≤0.05mm, the stirring shaft speed is <160r / min, and the stirring blade linear speed is <4m / s;

[0022] When the diameter of sand particles in the sediment is ≤0.1mm, the stirring shaft speed is <100r / min, and the stirring blade linear speed is <2.5m / s;

[0023] When the diameter of sand particles in the sediment is ≤0.2mm, the stirring shaft speed is <60r / min, and the stirring blade linear speed is <1.5m / s;

[0024] When the diameter of sand particles in the sediment is ≤0.4mm, the stirring shaft speed is <40r / min, and the stirring blade linear speed is <0.8m / s;

[0025] When the diameter of sand particles in the sediment is ≤0.8mm, the stirring shaft speed is <30r / min, and the stirring blade linear speed is <0.5m / s;

[0026] When the diameter of sand particles in the sediment is ≤1.6mm, the stirring shaft speed is <20r / min, and the stirring blade linear speed is <0.3m / s;

[0027] When the diameter of sand particles in the sediment is ≤3.2mm, the rotation speed of the mud stirring shaft is <12r / min and the linear speed of the mud stirring blade is <0.2m / s.

[0028] Preferably, after stirring, the mixing ratio of sediment to water is as follows:

[0029] When the diameter of sand particles in the sediment is ≤0.015mm, the mass ratio of sediment to water is 1:0.6-0.7;

[0030] When the diameter of sand particles in the sediment is ≤0.025mm, the mass ratio of sediment to water is 1:0.7-0.8;

[0031] When the diameter of sand particles in the sediment is ≤0.05mm, the mass ratio of sediment to water is 1:0.8~1;

[0032] When the diameter of sand particles in the sediment is ≤0.1mm, the mass ratio of sediment to water is 1:1 to 1.2;

[0033] When the diameter of sand particles in the sediment is ≤0.2mm, the mass ratio of sediment to water is 1:1.2~1.5;

[0034] When the diameter of sand particles in the sediment is ≤0.4mm, the mass ratio of sediment to water is 1:1.5-1.9;

[0035] When the diameter of sand particles in the sediment is ≤0.8mm, the mass ratio of sediment to water is 1:1.9~2.4;

[0036] When the diameter of sand particles in the sediment is ≤1.6mm, the mass ratio of sediment to water is 1:2.4~3;

[0037] When the diameter of sand particles in the sediment is ≤3.2mm, the mass ratio of sediment to water is 1:3~4.

[0038] Preferably, when the anti-sedimentation aqueduct has different drop ratios, the requirements for the size, distance and air pressure of the air nozzle are as follows:

[0039] When the drop ratio of the anti-sedimentation aqueduct is 1000:0.1-0.15, the diameter of the air nozzle hole is 2.8 mm, the distance between the air nozzles is 1.2 m, the air injection pressure is 0.8 MPa, and the air nozzle angle is 8°;

[0040] When the drop ratio of the anti-sedimentation aqueduct is 1000:0.15-0.25, the diameter of the air nozzle hole is 2.6 mm, the distance between the air nozzles is 1.6 m, the air injection pressure is 0.75 MPa, and the air nozzle angle is 10°;

[0041] When the drop ratio of the anti-sedimentation aqueduct is 1000:0.25-0.4, the diameter of the air nozzle hole is 2.4 mm, the distance between the air nozzles is 2 m, the air injection pressure is 0.7 MPa, and the air nozzle angle is 12°;

[0042] When the drop ratio of the anti-sedimentation aqueduct is 1000:0.4-0.6, the diameter of the air nozzle hole is 2.2 mm, the distance between the air nozzles is 2.6 m, the air injection pressure is 0.65 MPa, and the air nozzle angle is 14°;

[0043] When the drop ratio of the anti-sedimentation aqueduct is 1000:0.6-0.8, the diameter of the air nozzle hole is 2 mm, the distance between the air nozzles is 3.2 m, the air injection pressure is 0.6 MPa, and the air nozzle angle is 16°;

[0044] When the drop ratio of the anti-sedimentation aqueduct is 1000:0.8~1, the diameter of the air nozzle hole is 1.7 mm, the distance between the air nozzles is 4 m, the air injection pressure is 0.55 MPa, and the air nozzle angle is 18°;

[0045] When the drop ratio of the anti-sedimentation aqueduct is 1000:1 to 1.2, the diameter of the nozzle hole is 1.4 mm, the distance between the nozzles is 5 m, the jet pressure is 0.5 MPa, and the nozzle angle is 20°.

[0046] Preferably, when the anti-sedimentation aqueduct works for a long time, the larger the diameter of the sand particles in the sediment, the greater the wear on the inner surface of the triangular slope and the side of the aqueduct. The requirements for different sand particle diameters are as follows:

[0047] The diameter of sand particles in the sediment is ≤0.06mm, the surface material of the triangular slope is concrete, and the inner surface material of the side of the aqueduct is concrete;

[0048] The diameter of the sand particles in the sediment is 0.06 to 2 mm. The surface material of the triangular slope is ceramic glaze, and the inner surface material of the aqueduct side is concrete.

[0049] The diameter of the sand particles in the sediment is 2 to 6 mm. The surface material of the triangular slope is stainless steel plate, and the inner surface material of the aqueduct side is ceramic glaze.

[0050] The diameter of sand particles in the sediment is 6 to 20 mm. The surface material of the triangular slope is stainless steel plate, and the inner surface material of the side of the aqueduct is also stainless steel plate;

[0051] When the diameter of sand particles in the sediment is greater than 20mm, they must not enter the anti-sedimentation aqueduct.

[0052] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0053] The present invention consumes little water resources, has a low impact on the ecological environment, and has a high efficiency in sediment transportation. It is used to solve the problem of massive sediment accumulation in rivers. During the dry season, the present invention excavates the sediment from the sediment reservoir, inputs it into a mixer, mixes it into a water mixture with a suitable ratio, and then enters a de-sedimentation aqueduct with special functions, and is transported by the de-sedimentation aqueduct to the nearest sea. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0054] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall top view of the high-efficiency sediment transportation method site;

[0055] Figure 2 This is a partial side view of the high-efficiency sediment transportation method on site;

[0056] Figure 3 This is a three-dimensional diagram of the anti-sedimentation aqueduct;

[0057] Figure 4 This is a cross-section of the anti-sedimentation aqueduct;

[0058] Figure 5 for Figure 4 A zoomed in view of the mid-range line range;

[0059] Figure 6 This is a longitudinal view of the high-pressure air pipe.

[0060] In the figure: 1 sedimentation reservoir, 2 mud unloading dock, 3 dam body, 4 transition trough, 5 anti-sedimentation aqueduct, 6 surface river, 7 dredger, 8 mud transporter being loaded, 9 empty mud transporter approaching dredger, 10 fully loaded mud transporter approaching mud unloading dock, 11 mud transporter at mud unloading dock, 12 mud mixer on the left bank, 13 mud mixer on the right bank, 14 reservoir water level, 15 mud unloading pump, 16 mud mixer water pump, 17 sediment, 18 mud mixer machine, 19 mixer mud discharge valve, 20 rack piers, 21 ground, 22 reservoir silt, 23 front axle mud stirring blade, 24 rear axle mud stirring blade, 25 air compressor, 26 triangle, 27 triangular inclined plane, 28 high-pressure air pipe, 29 triangle bottom tie rod, 30 aqueduct top tie rod, 31 aqueduct side, 32 triangle bottom width, 33 jet nozzle, 34 jet nozzle angle, 35 distance between jet nozzles, 36 range line. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0061] The following will clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without making creative efforts are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0062] In the description of the present invention, it should be understood that the terms "upper", "lower", "front", "back", "left", "right", "top", "bottom", "inside", "outside", etc., indicating directions or positional relationships, are based on the directions or positional relationships shown in the accompanying drawings, and are only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, rather than indicating or implying that the device or element referred to must have a specific direction, be constructed and operated in a specific direction, and therefore should not be understood as limiting the present invention.

[0063] Example:

[0064] See also Figure 1-6 , the present invention provides a technical solution:

[0065] A high-efficiency sediment transportation method, the specific steps of the high-efficiency sediment transportation method are as follows:

[0066] Step 1: At the upstream end of the river 6 where sedimentation is serious and the ground is formed, a sedimentation reservoir 1 is built. Behind the dam body 3 of the sedimentation reservoir, a mud unloading dock 2 is built. A left bank mud mixer 12 and a right bank mud mixer 13 are set on the dam body 3 of the sedimentation reservoir. An intermediate mud mixer can also be set. A transition trough 4 is set in front of the dam body 3 of the sedimentation reservoir. An anti-sedimentation aqueduct 5 is connected to the front end of the transition trough 4. The anti-sedimentation aqueduct 5 extends to the nearest sea. At the left end of the sedimentation reservoir 1, there is a mud transport ship 8 that is loading mud. The mud and sand from the dredger 7 are loaded into the dredger. A loaded mud transport ship 8 has an empty mud transport ship 9 heading towards the dredger on its right end, and a fully loaded mud transport ship 10 heading towards the mud unloading dock on its right end. A mud transport ship 11 is parked at the mud unloading dock on the left end of the dam body 3. A reservoir water level line 14 is set on the left side of the dam body 3. A mud unloading pump 15 is fixed to the upper end of the mud transport ship 11 at the mud unloading dock. A mud mixer 18 is filled with mud and sand 17. A mud mixer water pump 16 is fixed to the lower left end of the mud mixer 18, and a mud mixer mud discharge valve 19 is fixed to the lower right end of the mud mixer 18.

[0067] A bent pier 20 is fixed to the lower side of the anti-sedimentation aqueduct 5, and the lower side of the bent pier 20 is installed with the ground 21;

[0068] The bottom of the sedimentation reservoir 1 is filled with sediment 22, and the interior of the mud mixer 18 is provided with a front axle mud mixer blade 23 and a rear axle mud mixer blade 24;

[0069] The side wall of the triangle 26 is provided with a triangular inclined surface 27, the bottom of the triangle 26 is provided with a triangular bottom tie rod 29, the upper side of the anti-sedimentation aqueduct 5 is provided with an aqueduct top tie rod 30, and the side is provided with an aqueduct side surface 31;

[0070] An air nozzle 33 is provided on the upper side of the high-pressure air pipe 28 . A nozzle angle 34 is defined between the air nozzle 33 and the high-pressure air pipe 28 . A nozzle distance 35 is defined between the nozzle angles 34 . A range line 36 is formed between the triangles 26 .

[0071] The anti-sedimentation aqueduct 5 is composed of a triangle 26, a high-pressure gas device system, and an aqueduct body. When the height of the triangle 26 is 1 meter, the base width 32 of the triangle is 2 meters. The high-pressure gas pipe 28 is laid at the lowest part between the triangles 26. The top of the high-pressure gas pipe 28 is provided with an air nozzle 33. The high-pressure gas pipe 28 is supplied with high-pressure gas by the air compressor 25.

[0072] Step 2: Scheduling method of sedimentation reservoir 1:

[0073] Step 1: At the end of the dry season, gradually open the drainage holes at the bottom of the dam of the sedimentation reservoir 1 to gradually drain the water in the reservoir. The sedimentation reservoir will not have dead water capacity, and the reservoir area will become a natural river channel.

[0074] Step 2: At the beginning of the flood season, when the water entering the sedimentation reservoir 1 is muddy, the drainage holes at the bottom of the dam are gradually closed so that the discharge volume of the sedimentation reservoir is less than the inflow volume, and the water level of the sedimentation reservoir gradually rises;

[0075] Step 3: When the water level of sedimentation reservoir 1 rises to the normal high water level, the discharge of the sedimentation reservoir is equal to the inflow. During the entire muddy water period, the sedimentation reservoir remains at the normal high water level.

[0076] Step 4: At the end of the flood season, the water entering the sedimentation reservoir 1 will gradually become clear water. At this time, the dredging fleet enters the sedimentation reservoir from the ship lock at the reservoir dam and begins dredging operations;

[0077] Step 5: The dredging fleet continues to operate until the end of the dry season, and then leaves the sedimentation reservoir;

[0078] After the dredging fleet leaves the sedimentation reservoir, the process starts again from step 1, and the scheduling cycle continues.

[0079] Step 3: At the end of the flood season, the water level of the sedimentation reservoir 1 is lowered to a depth suitable for the dredging fleet to operate; the dredger 7 enters the sedimentation reservoir 1 from the ship lock at the dam body 3, and first digs at the unloading dock 2 and its vicinity. The excavated mud and sand are directly sprayed by the dredger into the left bank mud mixer 12 or the right bank mud mixer 13; when the dredger 7 cannot directly spray the mud and sand into the mud mixer 18 due to the long distance, the mud transport ship enters the sedimentation reservoir 1, and the mud and sand of the dredger 7 are transported by the mud transport ship to the left bank mud mixer 12 or the right bank mud mixer 13; the mixed mud and sand pass through the transition trough 4 and then enter the anti-sedimentation aqueduct 5; after passing through the anti-sedimentation aqueduct 5, the mud and sand enter the sea.

[0080] When the mass ratio of sediment to water is 1:0.25, the required speed of the mud mixer is as follows:

[0081] When the diameter of sand particles in the sediment is ≤0.015mm, the stirring shaft speed is <270r / min, and the stirring blade linear speed is <9m / s;

[0082] When the diameter of sand particles in the sediment is ≤0.025mm, the stirring shaft speed is <240r / min, and the stirring blade linear speed is <7m / s;

[0083] When the diameter of sand particles in the sediment is ≤0.05mm, the stirring shaft speed is <160r / min, and the stirring blade linear speed is <4m / s;

[0084] When the diameter of sand particles in the sediment is ≤0.1mm, the stirring shaft speed is <100r / min, and the stirring blade linear speed is <2.5m / s;

[0085] When the diameter of sand particles in the sediment is ≤0.2mm, the stirring shaft speed is <60r / min, and the stirring blade linear speed is <1.5m / s;

[0086] When the diameter of sand particles in the sediment is ≤0.4mm, the stirring shaft speed is <40r / min, and the stirring blade linear speed is <0.8m / s;

[0087] When the diameter of sand particles in the sediment is ≤0.8mm, the stirring shaft speed is <30r / min, and the stirring blade linear speed is <0.5m / s;

[0088] When the diameter of sand particles in the sediment is ≤1.6mm, the stirring shaft speed is <20r / min, and the stirring blade linear speed is <0.3m / s;

[0089] When the diameter of sand particles in the sediment is ≤3.2mm, the rotation speed of the mud stirring shaft is <12r / min and the linear speed of the mud stirring blade is <0.2m / s.

[0090] When the rotation speed is higher than the above, the sand particles in the mud and sand have side effects such as accelerated damage to the mud mixer 18.

[0091] After stirring, the mixing ratio of sediment and water is as follows:

[0092] When the diameter of sand particles in the sediment is ≤0.015mm, the mass ratio of sediment to water is 1:0.6-0.7;

[0093] When the diameter of sand particles in the sediment is ≤0.025mm, the mass ratio of sediment to water is 1:0.7-0.8;

[0094] When the diameter of sand particles in the sediment is ≤0.05mm, the mass ratio of sediment to water is 1:0.8~1;

[0095] When the diameter of sand particles in the sediment is ≤0.1mm, the mass ratio of sediment to water is 1:1 to 1.2;

[0096] When the diameter of sand particles in the sediment is ≤0.2mm, the mass ratio of sediment to water is 1:1.2~1.5;

[0097] When the diameter of sand particles in the sediment is ≤0.4mm, the mass ratio of sediment to water is 1:1.5-1.9;

[0098] When the diameter of sand particles in the sediment is ≤0.8mm, the mass ratio of sediment to water is 1:1.9~2.4;

[0099] When the diameter of sand particles in the sediment is ≤1.6mm, the mass ratio of sediment to water is 1:2.4~3;

[0100] When the diameter of sand particles in the sediment is ≤3.2mm, the mass ratio of sediment to water is 1:3~4.

[0101] When the water ratio is lower than the required mixing ratio, the mixture of sediment and water has a tendency to settle when flowing in the anti-sedimentation aqueduct 5;

[0102] Requirements for the transition trough 4: The transition trough 4 should descend by no less than 7-10 meters for every 100 meters of length in the direction of the anti-sedimentation aqueduct 5;

[0103] The drop ratio of the anti-sedimentation aqueduct 5 per 1 km length is generally in the range of 0.1 to 1 meter;

[0104] When the anti-sedimentation aqueduct 5 has different drop ratios, the requirements for the size, distance and air pressure of the air nozzle 33 are as follows:

[0105] When the drop ratio of the anti-sedimentation aqueduct 5 is 1000:0.1-0.15, the diameter of the air nozzle 33 is 2.8 mm, the distance 35 between the air nozzles is 1.2 m, the air injection pressure is 0.8 MPa, and the air nozzle angle 34 is 8°;

[0106] When the drop ratio of the anti-sedimentation aqueduct 5 is 1000:0.15-0.25, the diameter of the air nozzle 33 is 2.6 mm, the distance 35 between the air nozzles is 1.6 m, the air injection pressure is 0.75 MPa, and the air nozzle angle 34 is 10°;

[0107] When the drop ratio of the anti-sedimentation aqueduct 5 is 1000:0.25-0.4, the diameter of the air nozzle 33 is 2.4 mm, the distance 35 between the air nozzles is 2 m, the air injection pressure is 0.7 MPa, and the air nozzle angle 34 is 12°;

[0108] When the drop ratio of the anti-sedimentation aqueduct 5 is 1000:0.4-0.6, the diameter of the air nozzle 33 is 2.2 mm, the distance 35 between the air nozzles is 2.6 m, the air injection pressure is 0.65 MPa, and the air nozzle angle 34 is 14°;

[0109] When the drop ratio of the anti-sedimentation aqueduct 5 is 1000:0.6-0.8, the diameter of the air nozzle 33 is 2 mm, the distance 35 between the air nozzles is 3.2 m, the air injection pressure is 0.6 MPa, and the air nozzle angle 34 is 16°;

[0110] When the drop ratio of the anti-sedimentation aqueduct 5 is 1000:0.8-1, the diameter of the air nozzle 33 is 1.7 mm, the distance 35 between the air nozzles is 4 m, the air injection pressure is 0.55 MPa, and the air nozzle angle 34 is 18°;

[0111] When the drop ratio of the anti-sedimentation aqueduct 5 is 1000:1-1.2, the diameter of the air nozzle 33 is 1.4 mm, the distance 35 between the air nozzles is 5 m, the air injection pressure is 0.5 MPa, and the air nozzle angle 34 is 20°.

[0112] Requirements for the triangular slope 27: the anti-sedimentation aqueduct 5 is made of reinforced concrete material, such as Figure 3 Figure 4 As shown, the inner surfaces of the eight triangular slopes 27 and the two aqueduct sides 31 are required to be smooth;

[0113] When the anti-sedimentation aqueduct 5 works for a long time, the larger the diameter of the sand particles in the sediment, the greater the wear on the inner surface of the triangular inclined surface 27 and the aqueduct side 31. The requirements for different sand particle diameters are as follows:

[0114] The diameter of sand particles in the sediment is ≤0.06 mm, the surface material of the triangular inclined surface 27 is concrete, and the inner surface material of the aqueduct side 31 is concrete;

[0115] The diameter of the sand particles in the sediment is 0.06 to 2 mm. The surface material of the triangular inclined surface 27 is ceramic glaze, and the inner surface material of the aqueduct side 31 is concrete.

[0116] The diameter of the sand particles in the sediment is 2 to 6 mm. The surface material of the triangular inclined surface 27 is a stainless steel plate, and the inner surface material of the aqueduct side 31 is a ceramic glaze.

[0117] The diameter of the sand particles in the sediment is 6 to 20 mm. The surface material of the triangular inclined surface 27 is a stainless steel plate, and the inner surface material of the aqueduct side 31 is a stainless steel plate.

[0118] When the diameter of sand particles in the sediment is greater than 20 mm, they shall not enter the anti-sedimentation aqueduct 5.

[0119] The above shows and describes the basic principles and main features of the present invention and the advantages of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, it is obvious that the present invention is not limited to the details of the above exemplary embodiments, and the present invention can be implemented in other specific forms without departing from the spirit or basic characteristics of the present invention; therefore, no matter from which point of view, the embodiments should be regarded as exemplary and non-restrictive. The scope of the present invention is limited by the appended claims rather than the above description. Therefore, it is intended that all changes that fall within the meaning and scope of the equivalent elements of the claims are included in the present invention, and any figure signs in the claims should not be regarded as limiting the claims involved.

[0120] While embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions, and variations may be made to these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, and that the scope of the invention is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A high-efficiency sediment transportation method, characterized in that: The specific steps of this high-efficiency sediment transportation method are as follows: Step 1: At the upstream end of the river (6) where sedimentation is serious and the ground is formed, a sedimentation reservoir (1) is built, and a mud unloading dock (2) is built behind the dam body (3) of the sedimentation reservoir dam. A left bank mud mixer (12) and a right bank mud mixer (13) are set on the dam body (3) of the sedimentation reservoir dam. A transition trough (4) is set in front of the dam body (3) of the sedimentation reservoir dam. The front end of the transition trough (4) is connected to an anti-sedimentation aqueduct (5). The anti-sedimentation aqueduct (5) extends to the nearest sea. The anti-sedimentation aqueduct (5) is composed of a triangle (26), a high-pressure gas device system and an aqueduct body. When the height of the triangle (26) is 1 meter, the base width (32) of the triangle is 2 meters. The high-pressure gas pipe (28) is laid at the lowest part between the triangles (26) and the triangles (26). A jet nozzle (33) is set on the top of the high-pressure gas pipe (28). The high-pressure gas pipe (28) is supplied with high-pressure gas by an air compressor (25); Step 2: Scheduling method of sedimentation reservoir (1): Step 1: At the end of the dry season, gradually open the drainage holes at the bottom of the dam of the sedimentation reservoir (1) to gradually drain the water in the reservoir. The sedimentation reservoir will not have dead water capacity, and the reservoir area will become a natural river channel. Step 2: At the beginning of the flood season, when the water entering the sedimentation reservoir (1) is muddy, the drainage holes at the bottom of the dam are gradually closed so that the discharge volume of the sedimentation reservoir is less than the inflow volume, and the water level of the sedimentation reservoir gradually rises; Step 3: When the water level of the sedimentation reservoir (1) rises to the normal high water level, the discharge of the sedimentation reservoir is equal to the inflow of water. During the entire muddy water period, the sedimentation reservoir remains at the normal high water level. Step 4: At the end of the flood season, the water entering the sedimentation reservoir (1) will gradually become clear water. At this time, the dredging fleet enters the sedimentation reservoir from the ship lock at the reservoir dam and begins dredging operations; Step 5: The dredging fleet continues to operate until the end of the dry season, and then leaves the sedimentation reservoir; After the dredging fleet leaves the sedimentation reservoir, the process starts again from step 1, and the scheduling cycle continues. Step 3: At the end of the flood season, the water level of the sedimentation reservoir (1) is lowered to a depth suitable for the dredging fleet to operate. The dredger (7) enters the sedimentation reservoir (1) from the ship lock at the dam body (3). First, it digs at the mud unloading dock (2) and nearby areas. The excavated mud and sand are directly sprayed by the dredger into the left bank mud mixer (12) or the right bank mud mixer (13). When the dredger (7) cannot directly spray the mud and sand into the mud mixer (18) due to the long distance, the mud transport ship enters the sedimentation reservoir (1). The mud and sand of the dredger (7) are transported by the mud transport ship to the left bank mud mixer (12) or the right bank mud mixer (13). After the mud and sand are stirred, they pass through the transition trough (4) and enter the anti-sedimentation aqueduct (5). After passing through the anti-sedimentation aqueduct (5), the mud and sand enter the sea.

2. A high-efficiency sediment transportation method according to claim 1, characterized in that: When the mass ratio of sediment to water is 1:0.25, the required speed of the mud mixer is as follows: When the diameter of sand particles in the sediment is ≤0.015mm, the stirring shaft speed is <270r / min, and the stirring blade linear speed is <9m / s; When the diameter of sand particles in the sediment is ≤0.025mm, the stirring shaft speed is <240r / min, and the stirring blade linear speed is <7m / s; When the diameter of sand particles in the sediment is ≤0.05mm, the stirring shaft speed is <160r / min, and the stirring blade linear speed is <4m / s; When the diameter of sand particles in the sediment is ≤0.1mm, the stirring shaft speed is <100r / min, and the stirring blade linear speed is <2.5m / s; When the diameter of sand particles in the sediment is ≤0.2mm, the stirring shaft speed is <60r / min, and the stirring blade linear speed is <1.5m / s; When the diameter of sand particles in the sediment is ≤0.4mm, the stirring shaft speed is <40r / min, and the stirring blade linear speed is <0.8m / s; When the diameter of sand particles in the sediment is ≤0.8mm, the stirring shaft speed is <30r / min, and the stirring blade linear speed is <0.5m / s; When the diameter of sand particles in the sediment is ≤1.6mm, the stirring shaft speed is <20r / min, and the stirring blade linear speed is <0.3m / s; When the diameter of sand particles in the sediment is ≤3.2mm, the rotation speed of the mud stirring shaft is <12r / min and the linear speed of the mud stirring blade is <0.2m / s.

3. A high-efficiency sediment transportation method according to claim 1, characterized in that: After stirring, the mixing ratio of sediment and water is as follows: When the diameter of sand particles in the sediment is ≤0.015mm, the mass ratio of sediment to water is 1:0.6-0.7; When the diameter of sand particles in the sediment is ≤0.025mm, the mass ratio of sediment to water is 1:0.7-0.8; When the diameter of sand particles in the sediment is ≤0.05mm, the mass ratio of sediment to water is 1:0.8~1; When the diameter of sand particles in the sediment is ≤0.1mm, the mass ratio of sediment to water is 1:1 to 1.2; When the diameter of sand particles in the sediment is ≤0.2mm, the mass ratio of sediment to water is 1:1.2~1.5; When the diameter of sand particles in the sediment is ≤0.4mm, the mass ratio of sediment to water is 1:1.5-1.9; When the diameter of sand particles in the sediment is ≤0.8mm, the mass ratio of sediment to water is 1:1.9~2.4; When the diameter of sand particles in the sediment is ≤1.6mm, the mass ratio of sediment to water is 1:2.4~3; When the diameter of sand particles in the sediment is ≤3.2mm, the mass ratio of sediment to water is 1:3~4.

4. A high-efficiency sediment transportation method according to claim 1, characterized in that: When the anti-sedimentation aqueduct (5) has different drop ratios, the requirements for the size, distance and air pressure of the air nozzle (33) are as follows: When the drop ratio of the anti-sedimentation aqueduct (5) is 1000:0.1-0.15, the diameter of the nozzle (33) hole is 2.8 mm, the distance between the nozzles (35) is 1.2 m, the jet pressure is 0.8 MPa, and the nozzle angle (34) is 8°; When the drop ratio of the anti-sedimentation aqueduct (5) is 1000:0.15-0.25, the diameter of the nozzle (33) hole is 2.6 mm, the distance between the nozzles (35) is 1.6 m, the jet pressure is 0.75 MPa, and the nozzle angle (34) is 10°; When the drop ratio of the anti-sedimentation aqueduct (5) is 1000:0.25-0.4, the diameter of the nozzle (33) hole is 2.4 mm, the distance between the nozzles (35) is 2 m, the jet pressure is 0.7 MPa, and the nozzle angle (34) is 12°; When the drop ratio of the anti-sedimentation aqueduct (5) is 1000:0.4-0.6, the diameter of the nozzle (33) hole is 2.2 mm, the distance between the nozzles (35) is 2.6 m, the jet pressure is 0.65 MPa, and the nozzle angle (34) is 14°; When the drop ratio of the anti-sedimentation aqueduct (5) is 1000:0.6-0.8, the diameter of the nozzle (33) hole is 2 mm, the distance between the nozzles (35) is 3.2 m, the jet pressure is 0.6 MPa, and the nozzle angle (34) is 16°; When the drop ratio of the anti-sedimentation aqueduct (5) is 1000:0.8-1, the diameter of the nozzle (33) hole is 1.7 mm, the distance between the nozzles (35) is 4 m, the jet pressure is 0.55 MPa, and the nozzle angle (34) is 18°; When the drop ratio of the anti-sedimentation aqueduct (5) is 1000:1-1.2, the diameter of the nozzle (33) hole is 1.4 mm, the distance between the nozzles (35) is 5 m, the jet pressure is 0.5 MPa, and the nozzle angle (34) is 20°.

5. A high-efficiency sediment transportation method according to claim 1, characterized in that: When the anti-sedimentation aqueduct (5) works for a long time, the larger the diameter of the sand particles in the sediment, the greater the wear on the inner surface of the triangular inclined surface (27) and the aqueduct side (31). The requirements for different sand particle diameters are as follows: The diameter of the sand particles in the sediment is ≤0.06 mm, the surface material of the triangular inclined surface (27) is concrete, and the inner surface material of the side surface (31) of the aqueduct is concrete; The diameter of the sand particles in the sediment is 0.06 to 2 mm, the surface material of the triangular inclined surface (27) is ceramic glaze, and the inner surface material of the side of the aqueduct (31) is concrete; The diameter of the sand particles in the sediment is 2 to 6 mm, the surface material of the triangular inclined surface (27) is a stainless steel plate, and the inner surface material of the side surface (31) of the aqueduct is a ceramic glaze; The diameter of the sand particles in the sediment is 6 to 20 mm, the surface material of the triangular inclined surface (27) is a stainless steel plate, and the inner surface material of the side surface (31) of the aqueduct is a stainless steel plate; When the diameter of sand particles in the sediment is greater than 20 mm, they shall not enter the anti-sedimentation aqueduct (5).

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