Slope gradient control device and construction method

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of gradient detection, in particular to a side slope gradient control device and a construction method.The side slope gradient control device comprises a stand column, a cable-stayed connecting rod and a horizontal rod, and accessories on the stand column comprise a hand wheel bolt, a measuring scale, a fastening bolt, a stress pedal and a water level. Accessories on a cable-stayed connecting rod comprise a plurality of sections of cable-stayed connecting rods, accessories on a horizontal rod comprise a chain, a gear, a tie fixing point, a rocking gear, a guide shaft, a movable conversion block, a fixing clamp, a scale pointer, a scale, a measuring scale reading window and a fixed anchor plate, target horizontal displacement is directly set through the scale pointer, and the actual gradient is obtained immediately after the reading of the measuring scale is corrected. And manual conversion is not needed.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of slope detection, and in particular to a slope gradient control device and a construction method. Background Art

[0002] In civil engineering, earthwork is a crucial component of foundation construction, and the quality of excavation of foundation pits and trenches directly impacts the overall safety of the project. For example, when constructing trench slopes, engineering design specifications have strict limits on slope gradients. This parameter is both a core indicator for ensuring the stability of the excavation surface and a key factor in ensuring the safety of subsequent construction of structures within the trench.

[0003] The slope control technology currently commonly used on construction sites has obvious limitations: construction workers mainly rely on experience and judgment or traditional measuring tools to control slopes. Since the slope cannot be directly obtained and needs to be calculated, some construction workers often rely solely on experience to make judgments, resulting in increased earthwork transportation costs. In addition, excessive slope steepness will significantly reduce the shear strength of the soil, which can easily induce landslides under the action of precipitation or vibration loads, posing a major safety threat to construction workers and the surrounding environment. Summary of the Invention

[0004] In order to solve the problem that traditional slope construction relies on experience judgment or indirect calculation of slope, which easily leads to over-excavation, under-excavation, increased costs and landslide risks, the present invention provides a slope gradient control device and construction method to solve the above problems.

[0005] A slope gradient control device comprises a column, a diagonal connecting rod, and a horizontal rod. The column's accessories include a handwheel bolt, a measuring ruler, a fastening bolt, a force-bearing foot pedal, and a level. The diagonal connecting rod's accessories include multiple sections of diagonal connecting rods and a connecting hinge.

[0006] The accessories on the horizontal rod include a chain, a gear, a tie fixing point, a rocking gear, a guide shaft, a moving conversion block, a fixing card, a scale pointer, a scale, a measuring scale reading window, and a fixing anchor plate.

[0007] Furthermore, the end of the handwheel bolt is an enlarged plastic head, which is convenient for tightening the bolt by hand. The measuring ruler is fixed at a height of 1.5 meters on the column. The force-bearing foot pedal is fixed below the column by welding, bolting or riveting, and the height is 30-50 cm above the lower end of the column, which is convenient for the operator to step on and apply force to insert the column into the soil layer. The level is fixed on the pole to calibrate the verticality of the column.

[0008] Furthermore, the inclined connecting rod can be split into multiple sections, and the sections are connected to form a whole by connecting hinges. The two ends of the connecting hinges are enlarged heads, and the two enlarged heads are connected to form a whole by a cylindrical shaft. Each end of each section of the inclined connecting rod has a bolt hole, and the size of the bolt hole matches the diameter of the handwheel bolt and the size of the cylindrical shaft of the connecting hinge.

[0009] Furthermore, a scale is provided on the upper surface of the horizontal rod, a gear is provided on the inner side of the end of the horizontal rod away from the vertical rod, and a shaking gear is provided on the side close to the vertical rod. The gear and the shaking gear are connected by a chain to form a transmission system. The mobile conversion block is fixedly connected to the chain through a fixed card. The scale pointer is connected to the mobile conversion block. By rotating the handle to operate the shaking gear, the mobile conversion block is driven to move left and right, thereby driving the scale pointer fixed on the mobile conversion block to move and read the reading on the scale.

[0010] Furthermore, a tie-fixing point is provided above the end of the horizontal rod away from the vertical rod, and the oblique connecting rod is connected to the tie-fixing point and the vertical rod by a handwheel bolt, so that the oblique connecting rod is connected to the vertical rod and the horizontal rod in pairs, forming a stable triangular system, enhancing its rigidity and preventing deformation;

[0011] Furthermore, the vertical poles and the horizontal poles are butted together by fixing anchor plates on the vertical poles and the horizontal poles, and after the butt joint is completed, they are fastened together by fastening bolts;

[0012] Furthermore, the vertical pole, the inclined connecting rod and the horizontal rod are connected, a measuring ruler is set at an appropriate position on the vertical pole, a guide shaft is set at the position of the measuring ruler reading window, the center of the guide shaft coincides with the scale 0 reading, which is convenient for later reading measurement, and a lower guide shaft is set at the inner side of the end of the horizontal rod close to the vertical pole, close to the lower end;

[0013] Furthermore, the measuring ruler enters the horizontal rod through the measuring ruler reading window on the upper surface of the end of the horizontal rod close to the vertical rod, passes through the guide shaft and the lower guide shaft to enter the lower part of the horizontal rod, and the measuring ruler is introduced forward at the lower part of the horizontal rod so that it passes through the lower part of the movable conversion block and leads out of the horizontal rod. A 1000-gram plumb line is fixed at the end of the measuring ruler, and the relative position relationship between the end of the plumb line and the measuring ruler is adjusted so that the end of the plumb line coincides with the 0-point reading of the measuring ruler.

[0014] The mechanical structure simplifies the slope control to the geometric relationship between horizontal displacement X and vertical depth Y: slope = Y / X. The core is:

[0015] Setting the benchmark: The horizontal bar fixes the horizontal benchmark, and the scale pointer moves to the designed horizontal displacement value X0 through the chain drive;

[0016] Measurement comparison: The measuring ruler is lowered vertically from the pointer position, and the actual vertical depth Y is read after the plumb line touches the slope. r ;

[0017] Difference slope judgment: actual depth = Y r -X0 directly obtains the depth bias.

[0018] If the result is > 0, the slope is too steep and under-excavated; if it is < 0, the slope is too shallow and over-excavated. This design transforms slope calculation into a mechanical direct reading operation, eliminating the need for manual conversion and achieving "set and measure", significantly improving accuracy and efficiency.

[0019] A construction method comprises the following steps:

[0020] Step 1: According to the design requirements of the drawings, use the layout tool to locate the upper and lower excavation line positioning points of the foundation pit on site, set positioning piles on the upper and lower positioning points, and connect the positioning piles in pairs to layout the upper and lower excavation lines of the foundation pit.

[0021] Step 2: The backhoe excavator excavates the earth according to the upper and lower lines of the foundation pit that have been laid out. When starting to excavate, do not excavate in place first, leaving some earth margin to prevent over-excavation.

[0022] Step 3: Assemble the foundation pit slope control tool, connect the horizontal rod to the column with the fastening bolts, connect the inclined connecting rod to the column and the other end of the horizontal rod with the handwheel bolts, pass the measuring ruler through the measuring ruler reading window at the end of the horizontal rod into the horizontal rod, pass through the bottom of the movable conversion block inside the horizontal rod and lead it out, install a 1000 gram plumb bob at the end of the measuring ruler so that the end of the plumb bob coincides with the 0 point of the measuring ruler, and the foundation pit slope control tool is assembled.

[0023] Step 4: Set up and install the foundation pit slope control tool on the excavation line of the foundation pit upper opening. The operator presses the column into the soil layer at the upper opening of the foundation pit through the force pedal. The depth of pressing into the soil layer must ensure the stability of the foundation pit slope control tool.

[0024] Step 5: Design the slope data according to the drawings to measure and control the excavation slope of the foundation pit. The following uses specific data as an example to describe the specific usage method.

[0025] For example: a foundation pit is excavated 5 meters deep, and the slope of the foundation pit is 1:0.3;

[0026] To measure the slope of the foundation pit when it is excavated 2 meters, the operator first turns the handle to rotate the shaking gear to drive the chain to move, and the movement of the chain drives the scale pointer on the movable conversion block to move back and forth.

[0027] Follow the previous step and move the ruler pointer to the 0.6m position indicated on the ruler on the horizontal bar.

[0028] The operator rotates the measuring ruler, and the measuring ruler moves downward by the deadweight of the plumb line. When the plumb line touches the soil layer of the foundation pit slope, if the extended length of the measuring ruler is less than 2 meters, it means that the slope gradient does not meet the design requirements of the drawing and the slope is under-excavated. If the extended length of the measuring ruler is greater than 2 meters, it means that the slope is over-excavated.

[0029] The measuring tape reading is read through the measuring tape reading window at the end of the horizontal rod. The read length should deduct the length from the guide axis of the measuring tape reading window to the length indicated by the scale pointer. The guide axis coincides with the 0 point of the scale, and the scale pointer coincides with the end point of the plumb line below the measuring tape.

[0030] Step 6: After completing one measurement point, repeat steps 4 and 5 to complete the subsequent measurement points.

[0031] The invention discloses a foundation pit side slope gradient control tool and a construction method thereof.

[0032] The device consists of three parts: elevation scale system, vertical and horizontal measurement modules. The slope data conversion is realized through the measuring scale system. The device is equipped with a horizontal measuring rod with horizontal positioning function, and cooperates with the reading window of the vertical measuring ruler.

[0033] This tool is installed on the upper edge of the foundation pit slope. Its application reduces the need for surveyors to repeatedly climb high-risk slopes, thereby enhancing safety measures during construction operations and improving work efficiency. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0034] In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the following briefly introduces the drawings required for use in the embodiments or the description of the prior art. Obviously, for ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without any creative work.

[0035] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the structure of a slope gradient control device;

[0036] Figure 2 for Figure 1 Enlarged view of part B;

[0037] Figure 3 for Figure 1 Enlarged view of part A;

[0038] Figure 4 for Figure 1 Enlarged view of part C in the middle;

[0039] Figure 5 It is the vertical cross-section structure diagram of the horizontal bar;

[0040] Figure 6This is a top view of the structure of a slope gradient control device.

[0041] In the picture:

[0042] 1. Pillar;

[0043] 2. Oblique connecting rod;

[0044] 3. Horizontal rod;

[0045] 4. Chain;

[0046] 5. measuring ruler; 501. ruler;

[0047] 6. Line sinker;

[0048] 7. Gear;

[0049] 8. Tie-down fixing points;

[0050] 9. Handwheel bolt;

[0051] 10. Shake the gear;

[0052] 11. Turn the handle;

[0053] 12. Guide shaft;

[0054] 13. Tighten the bolts;

[0055] 14. Force-bearing foot pedal;

[0056] 15. Level;

[0057] 16. Fixed card;

[0058] 17. Move conversion block;

[0059] 18. Ruler pointer;

[0060] 19. Ruler;

[0061] 20. Measuring ruler reading window;

[0062] 21. Fix the anchor plate;

[0063] 22. Connection hinge;

[0064] 23. Lower guide shaft. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0065] In order to make the purpose, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more clearly understood, the present invention is further described in detail below in conjunction with the embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are only used to explain the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention.

[0066] The application principle of the present invention will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.

[0067] Example 1

[0068] like Figure 1-5 As shown, a slope gradient control device includes a column 1 and a horizontal rod 3 vertically connected to the column 1 for horizontal measurement reference, a scale 19 on the horizontal rod 3, and a scale pointer 18 slidably set on the horizontal rod 3 for indicating the target horizontal displacement; it also includes a measuring ruler 5 installed on the column 1, the ruler bar 501 on the measuring ruler 5 is vertically lowered from the position of the scale pointer 18 to obtain the actual vertical depth, and it also includes a movable conversion block 17 connected to the scale pointer 18, and the movable conversion block 17 moves flexibly in the horizontal rod 3.

[0069] Benchmark setting: Column 1 is fixed to the top of the slope, and horizontal bar 3 provides a horizontal benchmark;

[0070] Target positioning: Shake the handle 11 to drive the chain 4, which drives the scale pointer 18 to move along the scale 19 to the designed horizontal displacement value X0;

[0071] Linkage measurement: The scale pointer 18 is fixedly connected to the mobile conversion block 17, and the ruler 501 of the measuring ruler 5 passes through the conversion block and is lowered vertically; after the plumb line 6 touches the slope, the actual vertical depth Y is read through the reading window 20. r ;

[0072] Difference slope judgment: actual depth = Y r -X0, 0 means the slope is too steep and under-excavation, <0 means the slope is too gentle and over-excavation.

[0073] The chain 4 synchronously controls the pointer displacement, and the mobile conversion block 17 maps the horizontal displacement X0 to the measurement reference point, directly outputting the slope deviation value of Y-X0, realizing calculation-free direct reading control.

[0074] Example 2

[0075] like Figure 1-6 As shown, based on claim 1, a slope gradient control device includes a column 1 and a horizontal rod 3 vertically connected to the column 1 for horizontal measurement reference, a scale 19 on the horizontal rod 3, and a scale pointer 18 slidably set on the horizontal rod 3 to indicate the target horizontal displacement; it also includes a measuring ruler 5 installed on the column 1, the ruler bar 501 on the measuring ruler 5 is vertically lowered from the position of the scale pointer 18 to obtain the actual vertical depth, and also includes a moving conversion block 17 connected to the scale pointer 18, and the moving conversion block 17 moves flexibly in the horizontal rod 3.

[0076] The end of the horizontal rod 3 away from the column 1 is provided with a gear 7, and the end of the horizontal rod 3 close to the column 1 is provided with a rocking gear 10. A chain 4 is connected between the gear 7 and the rocking gear 10, and also includes a fixed card 16. The mobile conversion block 17 is connected to the chain 4 through the fixed card 16.

[0077] A through slot is formed on the surface of the movement conversion block 17 , and the ruler 501 passes through the through slot and slides along the inner wall of the through slot.

[0078] The surface of the horizontal rod 3 is provided with a measuring scale reading window 20 and a scale bar entrance, and also includes a guide shaft 12 . The guide shaft 12 is arranged at the measuring scale reading window 20 and is aligned with the scale of the ruler 19 .

[0079] A lower guide shaft 23 is provided inside the horizontal rod 3 at one end close to the column 1 .

[0080] A through groove is formed on the surface of the guide shaft 12 .

[0081] The upper surface of the end of the horizontal rod 3 away from the column 1 and the surface of the column 1 are provided with anchoring points 8, and the oblique connecting rod 2 is connected between the anchoring points 8.

[0082] A force-bearing foot pedal 14 and a leveler 15 are provided on the surface of the column 1 .

[0083] Example 3

[0084] A construction method comprises the following steps:

[0085] Step 1: According to the design requirements of the drawings, use the layout tool to locate the upper and lower openings of the foundation pit on site. Set up positioning piles at the upper and lower openings of the layout, and connect the positioning piles in pairs to layout the upper and lower openings of the foundation pit.

[0086] Step 2: The backhoe excavator excavates the earth according to the upper and lower opening lines of the foundation pit. When starting to excavate, do not excavate to the full extent, leaving some earthwork margin to prevent over-excavation;

[0087] Step 3: Assemble the foundation pit slope control tool. Connect the horizontal rod 3 to the column 1 through the fastening bolts 13. Connect the other ends of the inclined connecting rod 2, the column 1 and the horizontal rod 3 in pairs through the handwheel bolts 9. Pass the ruler 501 of the measuring ruler 5 through the ruler entrance at the end of the horizontal rod 3 and enter the horizontal rod 3. Pass through the movable conversion block 17 inside the horizontal rod 3 and lead out from the bottom of the movable conversion block 17. Install a 1000-gram plumb bob 6 at the end of the ruler 501 of the measuring ruler 5 so that the end of the plumb bob 6 coincides with the 0 point of the measuring ruler. The foundation pit slope control tool is assembled.

[0088] Step 4: Install the foundation pit side slope control tool on the excavation line of the foundation pit upper opening. The operator presses the column 1 into the soil layer at the foundation pit upper opening through the force pedal 14. The depth of the press into the soil layer must ensure the stability of the foundation pit side slope control tool.

[0089] Step 5: Measure and control the excavation slope of the foundation pit according to the slope data designed in the drawings. Slope measurement and adjustment include the following steps:

[0090] a1. Turn the rocking handle 11 of the horizontal rod 3 to drive the chain 4 to move the scale pointer 18;

[0091] a2. Release the measuring ruler 5, and the plumb line 6 droops due to its own weight and touches the slope surface;

[0092] a3. Read the actual extended length of the measuring ruler 5 through the reading hole 20;

[0093] Reading correction: actual depth = measuring tape reading - length indicated by scale pointer;

[0094] Step 6: Move the tool along the top line of the foundation pit and repeat steps 4 to 5 to detect other points.

[0095] It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that the present invention is not limited to the details of the exemplary embodiments described above and that the invention can be embodied in other specific forms without departing from the spirit or essential characteristics of the invention. Therefore, the embodiments should be considered in all respects as illustrative and non-restrictive, and the scope of the invention is defined by the appended claims rather than the foregoing description, and it is intended that all variations that come within the meaning and range of equivalents of the claims be embraced therein.

[0096] In addition, it should be understood that although this specification is described in terms of implementation methods, not every implementation method contains only one independent technical solution. This narrative method of the specification is only for the sake of clarity. Those skilled in the art should regard the specification as a whole. The technical solutions in each embodiment can also be appropriately combined to form other implementation methods that can be understood by those skilled in the art.

Claims

1. A slope gradient control device, characterized in that: It includes a column 1 and a horizontal rod 3 vertically connected to the column 1 for horizontal measurement reference, a scale 19 on the horizontal rod 3, and a scale pointer 18 slidably set on the horizontal rod 3 to indicate the target horizontal displacement; it also includes a measuring ruler 5 installed on the column 1, a ruler bar 501 on the measuring ruler 5 is vertically lowered from the position of the scale pointer 18 to obtain the actual vertical depth, the end of the ruler bar 501 is connected to a plumb line 6, and it also includes a moving conversion block 17 connected to the scale pointer 18, and the moving conversion block 17 moves flexibly in the horizontal rod 3.

2. The slope gradient control device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The end of the horizontal rod 3 away from the column 1 is provided with a gear 7, and the end of the horizontal rod 3 close to the column 1 is provided with a rocking gear 10. A chain 4 is connected between the gear 7 and the rocking gear 10, and also includes a fixed card 16. The mobile conversion block 17 is connected to the chain 4 through the fixed card 16.

3. The slope gradient control device according to claim 2, characterized in that: A through slot is formed on the surface of the movement conversion block 17 , and the ruler 501 passes through the through slot and slides along the inner wall of the through slot.

4. The slope gradient control device according to claim 3, characterized in that: The surface of the horizontal rod 3 is provided with a measuring scale reading window 20 and a scale bar entrance, and also includes a guide shaft 12 . The guide shaft 12 is arranged at the measuring scale reading window 20 and is aligned with the scale of the ruler 19 .

5. The slope gradient control device according to claim 4, characterized in that: A lower guide shaft 23 is provided at one end of the horizontal rod 3 close to the column 1 for guiding the ruler 501 to slide.

6. The slope gradient control device according to claim 4, characterized in that: A through groove is formed on the surface of the guide shaft 12 .

7. The slope gradient control device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The upper surface of the end of the horizontal rod 3 away from the column 1 and the surface of the column 1 are provided with anchoring points 8, and the oblique connecting rod 2 is connected between the anchoring points 8.

8. The slope gradient control device according to claim 1, characterized in that: A force-bearing foot pedal 14 and a leveler 15 are provided on the surface of the column 1 .

9. A construction method comprising a slope gradient control device according to any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: Step 1: According to the design requirements of the drawings, use the layout tool to locate the upper and lower openings of the foundation pit on site. Set up positioning piles at the upper and lower openings of the layout, and connect the positioning piles in pairs to layout the upper and lower openings of the foundation pit. Step 2: The backhoe excavator excavates the earth according to the upper and lower opening lines of the foundation pit. When starting to excavate, do not excavate to the full extent, leaving some earthwork margin to prevent over-excavation; Step 3: Assemble the foundation pit slope control tool. Connect the horizontal rod 3 to the column 1 through the fastening bolts 13. Connect the other ends of the inclined connecting rod 2, the column 1 and the horizontal rod 3 in pairs through the handwheel bolts 9. Pass the ruler 501 of the measuring ruler 5 through the ruler entrance at the end of the horizontal rod 3 and enter the horizontal rod 3. Pass through the movable conversion block 17 inside the horizontal rod 3 and lead out from the bottom of the movable conversion block 17. Install a 1000-gram plumb bob 6 at the end of the ruler 501 of the measuring ruler 5 so that the end of the plumb bob 6 coincides with the 0 point of the measuring ruler. The foundation pit slope control tool is assembled. Step 4: Install the foundation pit side slope control tool on the excavation line of the foundation pit upper opening. The operator presses the column 1 into the soil layer at the foundation pit upper opening through the force pedal 14. The depth of the press into the soil layer must ensure the stability of the foundation pit side slope control tool. Step 5: Measure and control the excavation slope of the foundation pit according to the slope data designed in the drawings. Slope measurement and adjustment include the following steps: a1. Turn the rocking handle 11 of the horizontal rod 3 to drive the chain 4 to move the scale pointer 18; a2. Release the measuring ruler 5, and the plumb line 6 droops due to its own weight and touches the slope surface; a3. Read the actual extended length of the measuring ruler 5 through the reading hole 20; Reading correction: actual depth = measuring tape reading - length indicated by scale pointer; Step 6: Move the tool along the top line of the foundation pit and repeat steps 4 to 5 to detect other points.

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