Drug inventory management system and method using RFID to identify drugs

Abstract

The invention discloses a medicine inventory management system and method for identifying medicines by adopting RFID (Radio Frequency Identification Device). The medicine inventory management system comprises a warehouse-in RFID reading device, a warehouse-out RFID reading device and an inventory RFID reading device. The warehousing RFID reading equipment is arranged at the warehousing area and is used for reading data information in the RFID tags attached to the warehousing medicines; the warehouse-out RFID reading equipment is arranged at the warehouse-out area and is used for reading data information in the RFID tag attached to the warehouse-out medicine; and the inventory RFID reading equipment is arranged in the medicine storage area and is used for reading data information in the RFID tag attached to the inventory medicine. The RFID technology is adopted to realize the whole process information transmission of the medicine from warehousing to ex-warehouse, and the information transmission process has the advantages of rapidness, high efficiency, no contact and batch, thereby greatly improving the efficiency and accuracy of the management and operation of the medicine warehouse.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to a drug inventory management technology, and in particular to a drug inventory management system and method using RFID to identify drugs. Background Art

[0002] Drug management in clinical trial pharmacies is unique and complex, involving strict drug tracking, temperature control, and accurate record keeping.

[0003] Currently, most clinical trial pharmacies still use traditional PDA scanners for QR code scanning and recognition. Pharmacists must manually operate the PDA device to align the QR codes on drug packaging, scanning and verifying each one individually. This approach is not only inefficient but also has several limitations: pharmacists frequently handle medications, increasing the risk of contamination; handling temperature-sensitive medications is particularly inconvenient, as each opening and closing of the refrigerator causes temperature fluctuations; the PDA scanning process is cumbersome and prone to errors; the limited information capacity of QR codes makes it difficult to carry all the information required for clinical trial drugs; and inventory management relies on manual counting, making accuracy and timeliness difficult to ensure.

[0004] In summary, the problems to be solved by the present invention are:

[0005] The PDA code scanning method used in the existing drug inventory management system is inefficient and not conducive to the efficient operation and management of the drug warehouse. We hope to find a more efficient and accurate drug inventory management system. Summary of the Invention

[0006] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a drug inventory management system and method using RFID to identify drugs, which can significantly improve the efficiency and accuracy of drug warehouse management operations.

[0007] In order to achieve the above technical objectives, the present invention adopts the following technical solutions:

[0008] A drug inventory management system that uses RFID to identify drugs, wherein the internal area of ​​a drug warehouse is divided into a drug storage area, an incoming warehouse area, and an outgoing warehouse area; a warehouse drug data server is configured for the drug warehouse, and a warehouse drug database is set in the warehouse drug data server; the drug inventory management system includes an incoming RFID reading device and an outgoing RFID reading device; the incoming RFID reading device is set at the incoming warehouse area and is used to read data information in the RFID tags attached to incoming drugs; the outgoing RFID reading device is set at the outgoing warehouse area and is used to read data information in the RFID tags attached to outgoing drugs.

[0009] Furthermore, the drug inventory management system also includes an inventory RFID reading device, which is arranged in the drug storage area and is used to read data information in the RFID tags attached to the inventory drugs.

[0010] Furthermore, the inbound RFID reading device is a door frame type RFID reading device; the outbound RFID reading device is a tunnel type RFID reading device.

[0011] Furthermore, a warehouse drug data server is configured for the drug warehouse, and a warehouse drug database is set in the warehouse drug data server; the incoming RFID reading device, the outgoing RFID reading device and the inventory RFID reading device are all connected to the warehouse drug data server for data communication.

[0012] Furthermore, a drug circulation system is configured for the drug warehouse, with a medicine entry cabinet set at the drug warehouse's entry area, and a medicine exit cabinet set at the drug warehouse's exit area; the drug circulation system can transfer the drugs in the medicine entry cabinet at the entry area to the designated storage location in the drug storage area for storage; the drug circulation system can transfer the drugs stored at the designated storage location in the drug storage area to the medicine exit cabinet at the exit area.

[0013] Furthermore, the drug circulation system is communicatively connected to the warehouse drug data server and is controlled by the warehouse drug data server. The drug circulation system can be linked to the warehouse drug database through the warehouse drug data server.

[0014] Furthermore, the power of the RFID reader in the incoming RFID reading device is set to 27dBm; the power of the RFID reader in the outgoing RFID reading device is set to 25dBm.

[0015] Furthermore, the medicine is accompanied by an RFID tag, and the RFID tag is used to store medicine-related data information.

[0016] A drug inventory management method that uses RFID to identify drugs uses RFID technology to achieve full-process information transmission of drugs from storage to delivery.

[0017] Furthermore, the internal area of ​​the drug warehouse is divided into a drug storage area, an incoming storage area and an outgoing storage area; an incoming storage RFID reading device is set at the incoming storage area, which is used to read the data information in the RFID tags attached to the incoming drugs; an outgoing storage RFID reading device is set at the outgoing storage area, which is used to read the data information in the RFID tags attached to the outgoing drugs; an inventory RFID reading device is set in the drug storage area, which is used to read the data information in the RFID tags attached to the inventory drugs.

[0018] Compared with the prior art, the drug inventory management system and method using RFID to identify drugs have the following advantages:

[0019] RFID technology is used to realize the full-process information transmission of drugs from storage to delivery. The information transmission process has the advantages of being fast, efficient, contactless, and batch-based, thereby greatly improving the efficiency and accuracy of drug warehouse management and operations, ensuring the quality and traceability of drugs, and meeting the strict requirements of clinical trial drug warehouses for drug management. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0020] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of a drug inventory management system that uses RFID to identify drugs according to the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0021] The specific embodiments of the present invention are further described below:

[0022] This embodiment provides a drug inventory management system and method that uses RFID to identify drugs. The main innovative concept of this drug inventory management system is: applying RFID technology to the entire drug management process in clinical trial drug warehouses. Through functions such as contactless identification, large-capacity information storage, automated operation, and full-process temperature monitoring, it achieves efficient and accurate management of drugs from entry to exit, significantly improving work efficiency and drug quality assurance.

[0023] It should be noted that the clinical trial drug warehouse is a place specifically used to store and manage clinical trial drugs, and its role is to ensure the safe, accurate supply and use of drugs during the trial. It is usually in a strict temperature-controlled environment, and drugs need to be accurately tracked and recorded to meet the regulatory requirements of clinical trials. The clinical trial drug warehouse is configured according to the special needs of clinical trial drugs, and mainly serves the entire process of drug clinical trials, including the receipt, storage, distribution, use, and related data recording and management of drugs. It needs to meet the strict temperature control requirements of drugs during the trial, precise tracking and traceability requirements, and management and operating procedures that comply with clinical trial specifications (such as GCP).

[0024] For the drug warehouse, the internal area of ​​the drug warehouse is divided into drug storage area, incoming warehouse area and outgoing warehouse area.

[0025] The medicine storage area is used to store incoming medicines. The incoming and outgoing medicine areas are connected to the medicine storage area via the incoming medicine cabinet and the outgoing medicine cabinet, respectively. Medicines entering the medicine warehouse must first complete entry procedures at the incoming medicine area before being transferred to the medicine storage area via the incoming medicine cabinet. Medicines in the medicine storage area must complete exit procedures at the outgoing medicine area before leaving the medicine storage area via the outgoing medicine cabinet and ultimately leaving the medicine warehouse.

[0026] The medicine warehouse is also provided with a warehouse medicine data server of the prior art, and the warehouse medicine data server is provided with a warehouse medicine database of the prior art.

[0027] Those skilled in the art will understand that the warehouse drug database is used to record various information data related to stored drugs, such as the drug's unique code, batch number, expiration date, temperature requirements, clinical trial number, randomization code and complete logistics information, etc.

[0028] In this embodiment, the warehouse drug data server uses an Intel Xeon processor, is equipped with 16GB of memory and 1TB of SSD storage, and is installed with the Windows Server 2019 operating system. The warehouse drug database uses SQL Server 2019, which has created basic data structures such as the drug information table, location information table, temperature record table, and operation log table.

[0029] Furthermore, corresponding application software has been developed for the warehouse's drug database. Developed in C#, this software includes functional modules for drug information management, inventory management, temperature monitoring, and logistics tracking. The application software features an intuitive graphical interface and supports touchscreen operation, reducing learning costs.

[0030] In addition, the drug warehouse is also equipped with an automated drug circulation system of the prior art, with a medicine entry cabinet set at the drug warehouse's entry area and a medicine exit cabinet set at the drug warehouse's exit area. The drug circulation system can transfer drugs (drugs that need to be entered) from the medicine entry cabinets in the entry area to designated storage locations (shelves or containers) in the drug storage area for storage, and can also transfer drugs (drugs that need to be exited) stored at designated storage locations (shelves or containers) in the drug storage area to the medicine exit cabinets in the exit area.

[0031] The drug circulation system is communicatively connected to the warehouse drug data server and is controlled by the warehouse drug data server. The drug circulation system can be linked to the warehouse drug database through the warehouse drug data server, so that the drug entry and exit actions can be fully automated.

[0032] It needs to be emphasized again that the above-mentioned warehouse drug data server, warehouse drug database, drug circulation system, etc. are all configurations of existing technologies.

[0033] See also Figure 1 The drug inventory management system and method of this embodiment are as follows:

[0034] An RFID reading device with existing technology is installed at the entrance area of ​​the medicine warehouse. The RFID reading device is a door frame type RFID reading device, that is, the RFID reading device is in a door frame configuration as a whole, which is equipped with an RFID reader and an RFID antenna, and is also equipped with an operation terminal.

[0035] This door-frame RFID reader, 2.2 meters tall and 1.2 meters wide, houses four directional antennas, each pointed at different angles to ensure full coverage. The antennas are Impinj MatchBox series antennas, operating at 920-925 MHz, connected to an Impinj R700 RFID reader. The RFID reader is connected to the warehouse's drug data server via a network cable (this ensures data connectivity between the RFID reader and the server), ensuring stable and reliable signal transmission. Read drug data is directly transmitted to the server and stored in the warehouse's drug database.

[0036] In order to facilitate accurate description (to distinguish it from the RFID reading device installed in the outbound area), the RFID reading device installed in the inbound area is defined as the inbound RFID reading device.

[0037] In this embodiment, the power of the RFID reader in the warehouse entry RFID reading device is set to 27dBm.

[0038] An RFID reading device with existing technology is also installed in the outbound area of ​​the drug warehouse. The RFID reading device adopts a tunnel-type RFID reading device, that is, the RFID reading device is in a tunnel configuration as a whole, which is equipped with an RFID reader and an RFID antenna, and is also equipped with an operation terminal.

[0039] The tunnel-type RFID reading device is 0.8 meters long and has six built-in antennas to form a 360-degree reading area. A hidden RFID scanning system is designed under the medicine cabinet. The RFID scanning system includes a compact RFID reader and three orthogonally arranged RFID antennas to form a three-dimensional recognition area. The RFID reader adopts a low-power design with a power of 25 watts and an automatic sleep function. The antenna adopts a flat-plate design with a thickness of only 8mm, which is convenient for hidden installation. The entire RFID scanning system is fixed in a 60cm×40cm×10cm groove under the medicine cabinet by a special bracket. The surface is covered with a transparent acrylic protective cover, which protects the equipment without affecting signal transmission.

[0040] When medications are released from the dispenser, the RFID reader automatically reads all the information on the medication's RFID tag without any human intervention. This concealed design is not only aesthetically pleasing but, more importantly, enables fully automated identification and recording of medications during the outbound process. Once a medication is released, its information is immediately captured by the RFID reader and transmitted to the warehouse's medication database, simultaneously updating inventory status and logistics information. This completely replaces the tedious process of traditional PDA scanning. This design is particularly suitable for use with automated medication circulation systems, forming a complete, automated medication dispensing process.

[0041] In order to facilitate accurate description (to distinguish it from the RFID reading device installed in the incoming warehouse area), the RFID reading device installed in the outgoing warehouse area is defined as the outgoing warehouse RFID reading device; the RFID reader of the outgoing warehouse RFID reading device is connected to the warehouse drug data server via a network cable (that is, the outgoing warehouse RFID reading device and the warehouse drug data server are data-connected), thereby realizing data communication between the two.

[0042] In this embodiment, the power of the RFID reader in the outbound RFID reading device is set to 25dBm.

[0043] The medicine storage area is further divided into a normal temperature area, a refrigerated area and a frozen area. Each area is installed with an existing RFID reading device, which is equipped with an RFID reader and an RFID antenna.

[0044] The RFID reader of the RFID reading device is connected to the warehouse drug data server via a network cable (ie, the RFID reading device is data-connected to the warehouse drug data server), thereby achieving data communication between the two.

[0045] It should be noted that the RFID antennas need to be installed differently in the drug storage area according to different temperature requirements. Specifically,

[0046] For shelves in the normal temperature zone, a set of linear antennas is installed on each shelf, with spacing within 1.5 meters to ensure complete coverage. The antennas are arranged along the shelf edges and use a low-power design to avoid signal interference between adjacent shelves.

[0047] Special attention should be paid to anti-condensation issues during installation in the cold storage area. For refrigerators in the cold storage area, specially designed anti-condensation antennas are installed on the refrigerator doors. The antenna housing is made of IP67 waterproof material and filled with desiccant to prevent condensation.

[0048] The RFID antenna installed in the freezing area adopts a heating protection design, with a built-in low-power heating element and a temperature controlled at 5-10°C to ensure that the RFID antenna works normally in a low-temperature environment.

[0049] In this embodiment, the power of the RFID reader in the RFID reading device in the normal temperature zone is set to 23 dBm, and the power of the RFID reader in the RFID reading device in the refrigerated and frozen zones is set to 30 dBm.

[0050] In order to facilitate accurate description (to distinguish it from the RFID reading devices installed in the incoming and outgoing areas), the RFID reading devices installed in the drug storage area are defined as inventory RFID reading devices.

[0051] Every drug entering or leaving the pharmaceutical warehouse is tagged with an RFID tag. These tags utilize ultra-high frequency (UHF) RFID tag technology, operating in the 860-960MHz frequency range. They feature an integrated NXP UCODE 8 series chip and boast an 8KB storage capacity, sufficient to store all critical drug information. Measuring 20×30mm and only 0.3mm thick, these tags can be flexibly attached to or embedded within drug packaging, ensuring proper storage and use. The RFID tags can store information such as the drug's unique code, batch number, expiration date, temperature requirements, clinical trial number, randomization code, and complete logistics information.

[0052] It should be noted that in order to realize the encoding of RFID tags, a tag encoder that matches the RFID tags is also required. The tag encoder integrates a data writing module, a verification module and a printing module, which can simultaneously complete the writing of electronic information and the printing of visual information to ensure the consistency and readability of the information.

[0053] When making an RFID tag, the tag encoder is used to write drug information into the chip of the RFID tag. The written drug information includes basic information such as the drug's unique code, batch number, expiration date, temperature requirements, as well as special information such as the clinical trial number and randomization code. After writing is completed, visual information is printed on the surface of the RFID tag to facilitate manual verification. The RFID tag is attached to a fixed position in the upper right corner of the drug packaging to ensure reading stability. The RFID tag can also be placed inside the drug packaging to ensure that the RFID tag does not fall off the drug packaging. For temperature-sensitive drugs, special RFID tags with built-in temperature sensors can be selected to record the drug temperature in real time.

[0054] It should be noted that the RFID tags set for drugs are pre-set by the drug center, and the data information in them is also pre-coded by the drug center. Drugs arriving at the drug warehouse are all RFID-tagged, and all relevant data information of the drugs can be obtained by reading the RFID tags.

[0055] The following describes the drug inventory management system of this embodiment, its specific usage and working principle:

[0056] The drug inventory management system of this embodiment mainly involves four scenarios in its use, namely drug warehousing, drug storage, drug delivery and inventory management.

[0057] Specifically,

[0058] When medicines are put into storage, the newly-acquired medicines are sent to the storage area of ​​the medicine warehouse, and the storage procedures are completed in the storage area. The medicines with RFID tags are placed in the storage RFID reading device. The storage RFID reading device automatically reads the medicine data information stored in the RFID tag (including medicine name, batch number, quantity, expiration date, etc.), and then displays it on the operation terminal. After the operator verifies that the list is correct, he clicks the confirm storage button on the operation terminal. The medicine data information is then transmitted to the warehouse medicine database of the warehouse medicine data server through the communication network. Then the medicines to be stored are placed in the medicine cabinet, and the medicine circulation system automatically transfers the medicines to the target storage location.

[0059] When storing pharmaceuticals, the temperature of each storage area is continuously monitored. Temperature sensors are placed in each temperature-controlled area, transmitting real-time temperature data to the system. If the temperature exceeds the preset range, the system immediately issues an alarm, notifying management personnel to address the situation. The system also regularly checks the expiration dates of pharmaceuticals and issues reminders for those nearing their expiration dates. For pharmaceuticals with special temperature requirements, the system records the entire temperature data and generates a temperature curve chart to facilitate quality control.

[0060] When medications need to be shipped from the warehouse, the operator enters the medication information into the system. The warehouse's medication database automatically locates the medications and displays the route for retrieval on the screen. After the medication retrieval instruction is issued, the medication circulation system automatically transfers the medications to the outgoing medicine cabinet. At the outgoing medicine area, the medications pass through an outgoing RFID reader. Specifically, as the medications pass through a hidden RFID scanning system beneath the outgoing medicine cabinet, the outgoing RFID reader automatically reads the medication information from the RFID tag attached to the medication, verifying in real time whether it meets the outgoing medicine request and recording the medication's outgoing time and temperature. Once verified, the medications are transferred to the collection window, where the system automatically updates inventory and generates an electronic medication dispensing record. The operator then removes the medications and delivers them to the patient, completing the outgoing medicine process.

[0061] When conducting inventory management, managers can use handheld RFID readers to scan the RFID tags of drugs in the drug warehouse to obtain drug data information. The warehouse drug database can automatically compare the actual inventory with the system records and generate inventory reports.

[0062] The advantages of the drug inventory management system and method of this embodiment are:

[0063] RFID technology is used to realize the full-process information transmission of drugs from storage to delivery. The information transmission process has the advantages of being fast, efficient, contactless, and batch-based, thereby greatly improving the efficiency and accuracy of drug warehouse management and operations, ensuring the quality and traceability of drugs, and meeting the strict requirements of clinical trial drug warehouses for drug management.

[0064] In addition, there are other advantages:

[0065] 1) Contactless identification: Wireless radio frequency technology is used to enable long-distance reading of drug information without direct contact with the drug, reducing the risk of contamination.

[0066] 2) Large information capacity: RFID tags can store dozens of times more information than QR codes, meeting the storage needs of complex information of clinical trial drugs.

[0067] 3) Batch recognition: It can recognize multiple drug labels simultaneously, greatly improving the efficiency of warehousing and inventory, which is more than 10 times more efficient than PDA scanners.

[0068] 4) Full-process tracking: Realize the full life cycle tracking of drugs from production and transportation to warehousing and delivery, meeting the strict requirements of GCP for drug traceability.

[0069] 5) Logistics information integration: Record the complete logistics information of drugs, including source, transportation conditions, transit points and final destination.

[0070] 6) Temperature record integration: It can record the temperature data of the entire drug process, which is particularly suitable for the management of temperature-sensitive drugs.

[0071] 7) High degree of automation: reduce manual operation links and improve work efficiency and accuracy.

[0072] 8) Real-time inventory management: The system automatically updates inventory information, eliminating the need for manual inventory checks, ensuring accurate and real-time inventory data.

[0073] 9) High installation flexibility: The reader installation solution can adapt to different pharmacy environments, including normal temperature area, refrigerated area and frozen area.

[0074] The initial conception of the present invention is introduced below:

[0075] An RFID intelligent identification and drug management system for clinical trial pharmacies, which is used for intelligent identification, verification, tracking and full-process management of drugs in clinical trial pharmacies. It is particularly suitable for clinical trial drugs that require strict temperature control and precise management, and can achieve full-process tracking of drug logistics information. Technical background:

[0077] Drug management in clinical trial pharmacies is unique and complex, involving strict drug tracking, temperature control, and accurate record keeping. Currently, most clinical trial pharmacies still use traditional PDA scanners for QR code scanning and recognition. Pharmacists must manually operate the PDA device to align the QR codes on drug packaging, scanning and verifying each one individually. This approach is not only inefficient but also has several limitations: pharmacists frequently touch the drugs, increasing the risk of contamination;

[0078] The handling of temperature-sensitive medicines is particularly inconvenient, as each opening and closing of the refrigerator causes temperature fluctuations; the PDA code scanning process is cumbersome and prone to errors;

[0079] The information capacity of QR codes is limited and it is difficult to carry all the information required for clinical trial drugs;

[0080] Inventory management relies on manual counting, and accuracy and timeliness are difficult to guarantee.

[0081] As the scale and complexity of clinical trials continue to increase, these problems are becoming increasingly prominent, and there is an urgent need for a more efficient and accurate drug identification and management system.

[0082] Purpose of the invention:

[0083] Managing medications in clinical trial pharmacies has become as convenient as buying clothes at Uniqlo. Everyone knows that when buying clothes at Uniqlo, the cashier simply places a pile of clothes on the counter, and the machine automatically identifies the price and information of all the clothes, eliminating the need to scan the code of each piece. This is because each piece of clothing has a small chip in the label that can be read remotely by the machine.

[0084] Our pharmacy is still using the old method. Each medicine is labeled with a QR code, and the pharmacist has to scan them one by one with a PDA scanner, just like the supermarket cashiers used to scan each item with a barcode gun. This is slow and prone to errors.

[0085] We want to replace these QR code paper labels with RFID tags with chips, just like the ones used on Uniqlo clothing. This way, when medicines are shipped out of the medicine cabinet, they can be automatically identified by the machine below, eliminating the need for pharmacists to use PDAs to scan the code. This allows for integrated shipping, saving time and effort.

[0086] By introducing RFID technology, we've built an intelligent, automated drug identification and management system. This system enables contactless reading and verification of drug information, replacing traditional PDA scanning and significantly improving work efficiency. The system not only records basic drug information but also tracks the entire logistics chain, enabling full drug lifecycle management from production and transportation to warehousing and delivery.

[0087] Especially for medications that require refrigeration, pharmacists currently have to open the refrigerator, take out the medication, and scan the code with a PDA. This process keeps the refrigerator open, causing the temperature to rise. With our system, the medication is automatically removed and the machine automatically identifies the medication, significantly reducing the time it takes to open the refrigerator and better protecting the quality of the medication.

[0088] Technical solution:

[0089] The RFID intelligent identification and drug management system for clinical trial pharmacies of the present invention mainly consists of five parts: RFID tag system, RFID reader system, reader installation and configuration system, data management software system and network communication system, forming a complete set of drug intelligent identification and management solutions.

[0090] The RFID tag system utilizes ultra-high frequency (UHF) RFID tag technology with an operating frequency range of 860-960MHz. It incorporates an NXP UCODE 8 series chip with a storage capacity of 8KB, sufficient to store all critical drug information. The tag measures 20×30mm and is only 0.3mm thick, allowing it to be flexibly attached to or embedded within drug packaging without affecting normal storage and use. The tag can store information such as the drug's unique code, batch number, expiration date, temperature requirements, clinical trial number, randomization code, and complete logistics information. The accompanying tag encoder integrates data writing, verification, and printing modules, enabling simultaneous electronic data writing and visual printing, ensuring consistency and readability.

[0091] The RFID reader system is the core component of the present invention, which includes three types: fixed readers, channel readers and handheld readers, which are used in different scenarios. The fixed reader adopts the Impinj R700 series products with a reading distance of up to 3 meters, supports the EPC Gen2v2 protocol, and has advanced multi-tag anti-collision functions. It is mainly installed in key locations in the drug entry area, storage area and outbound area. The channel reader adopts an innovative circularly polarized antenna array design to ensure that drugs can be accurately identified when passing in any direction without adjusting the posture of the drugs. The handheld reader is equipped with an Android operating system and a 4.7-inch touch screen, weighs no more than 400g, and has a battery life of more than 8 hours, which is convenient for pharmacists to perform temporary operations and inventory counts.

[0092] The reader installation and configuration system utilizes a professional design tailored to the specific characteristics of clinical trial pharmacies. In the drug storage area, a doorframe-style structure is used to install the RFID reader, measuring 2.2 meters high and 1.2 meters wide. Four built-in directional antennas create a complete reading area, ensuring that drugs can be identified from any angle. In the drug storage area, differentiated installation solutions are employed based on temperature zones: Linear antennas are installed on each shelf in the normal temperature zone, with spacing no greater than 1.5 meters. In the refrigerated area (2-8°C), special anti-condensation antennas are installed on the refrigerator doors, with the reader host installed inside the door. In the freezer area (-20°C), a heat-protected antenna design is used to ensure proper operation in low-temperature environments.

[0093] It is particularly worth mentioning that an innovative tunnel-type RFID reading area has been designed in the drug outbound area, which is one of the key technical features of this invention. The reading area is 0.8 meters long and has 6 built-in antennas to form a 360-degree reading area, ensuring a 100% reading rate of drug information. A specially designed RFID scanning system is hidden under the medicine outbound cabinet. When the medicine is pushed out of the medicine outbound cabinet, the system can automatically read all the information on the medicine RFID tag without any human intervention. This hidden design is not only beautiful and neat, but more importantly, it realizes the fully automated identification and recording of the drug outbound process. Once the medicine is pushed out, its information is immediately captured by the system and transmitted to the central database, and the inventory status and logistics information are updated synchronously, completely replacing the tedious steps of traditional PDA scanning. This design is particularly suitable for use with automatic drug pushing devices to form a complete automated drug distribution process.

[0094] The data management software system adopts a modular design and includes a core database, a drug information management module, a logistics tracking module, an inventory management module, a temperature monitoring module, and a system interface module. The core database utilizes a SQL Server architecture, offering high performance and reliability, capable of securely storing massive amounts of data such as drug information, location information, temperature records, and operation logs. The drug information management module supports the entry and management of basic drug information, the association of clinical trial information, batch management, and expiration date monitoring. The logistics tracking module records the complete drug flow process, including source records, transportation condition monitoring, entry time and location records, in-warehouse movement tracking, and outbound destination records.

[0095] The system's network communication architecture utilizes a layered design, comprising device, network, application, and user layers. The device layer encompasses all RFID hardware; the network layer supports wired and wireless communications, ensuring stable and secure data transmission; the application layer runs various software modules and data processing algorithms; and the user layer provides a user-friendly interface and permission management. The system supports Gigabit Ethernet and WiFi 6 wireless connections, ensuring high-speed and stable data transmission. To ensure data security, the system utilizes TLS 1.3 encryption and multiple authentication mechanisms to prevent unauthorized access and data leakage.

[0096] We invented this system based on a few simple principles. The first is, "If machines can do something, don't do it for humans." Pharmacists today have to scan hundreds of QR codes for medications every day, their hands getting tired, and it's easy to accidentally scan the wrong item. Machines don't get tired, and they don't make mistakes, making this a more suitable task.

[0097] The second principle is "wireless is better than wired." Traditional QR code scanning requires pointing your PDA at the code, much like pointing a remote control at a TV; line of sight is essential. RFID, on the other hand, works like WiFi; it doesn't require alignment; it can be read as long as it's within range. This is the principle behind radio frequency identification. It's like your phone automatically connecting to your home WiFi without needing an Ethernet cable.

[0098] The third principle is "the more information, the better." A QR code is like a small piece of paper, holding only a few words. An RFID chip, on the other hand, is like a small USB flash drive, capable of storing a vast amount of information. An RFID chip can store not only basic information about a drug, but also clinical trial numbers, temperature requirements, logistics information, and more.

[0099] The fourth principle is that temperature is crucial. Medicines, like food, will spoil if the temperature is wrong. Our system records the temperature of medicines throughout their entire journey, like a thermometer for each medication, ensuring that we can always determine if they've been damaged by freezing or overheating.

[0100] The fifth principle is that tracking is crucial. Just like a package delivered by express, we need to know where the medicine comes from, where it goes, and where it passes through. RFID systems can record a complete "travel diary" of the medicine, meeting regulatory requirements.

[0101] advantage:

[0102] This invention offers significant advantages over traditional PDA scanning. First, RFID technology enables contactless identification of drug information, allowing pharmacists to read information without having to touch the drug directly, significantly reducing the risk of contamination. This approach is particularly suitable for clinical trial drugs requiring high sterility standards. Second, the system supports batch recognition, enabling simultaneous reading of multiple drug labels. This improves efficiency by over 10 times compared to individual PDA scanning, significantly saving labor costs and operating time.

[0103] The large storage capacity of RFID tags enables the system to record and manage a richer range of drug information, including complete clinical trial data and logistics chain information, meeting the stringent GCP requirements for full drug traceability. The system's high degree of automation enables intelligent management of the entire process, from warehousing, storage, and shipment, reducing manual operations and improving accuracy. In particular, the RFID scanning system, concealed beneath the medicine cabinet, enables fully automated identification and recording of drug shipments, eliminating the need for manual intervention and significantly streamlining the workflow.

[0104] For temperature-sensitive medications, this system provides full temperature monitoring, ensuring that medications are stored and transported at optimal temperatures, effectively safeguarding their quality and safety. The system also supports real-time inventory management, automatically updating inventory information without the need for manual inventory checks. Accurate and real-time inventory data facilitates informed decision-making by pharmacy managers.

[0105] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following advantages:

[0106] Contactless identification: Wireless radio frequency technology is used to enable long-distance reading of drug information without direct contact with the drugs, reducing the risk of contamination.

[0107] Large information capacity: RFID tags can store dozens of times more information than QR codes, meeting the storage needs of complex information of clinical trial drugs.

[0108] Batch recognition: It can recognize multiple drug labels at the same time, greatly improving the efficiency of warehousing and inventory, which is more than 10 times more efficient than PDA scanners.

[0109] Full-process tracking: Achieve full life cycle tracking of drugs from production and transportation to warehousing and delivery, meeting the strict requirements of GCP for drug traceability.

[0110] Logistics information integration: Record the complete logistics information of drugs, including source, transportation conditions, transit points and final destination.

[0111] Temperature record integration: can record the temperature data of the entire drug process, which is particularly suitable for the management of temperature-sensitive drugs.

[0112] High degree of automation: reduces manual operation steps and improves work efficiency and accuracy.

[0113] Real-time inventory management: The system automatically updates inventory information, eliminating the need for manual inventory checks, ensuring accurate and real-time inventory data.

[0114] High installation flexibility: The reader installation solution can adapt to different pharmacy environments, including normal temperature area, refrigerated area and frozen area.

[0115] The manufacturing process of this invention primarily involves three phases: system hardware installation, software configuration, and system debugging. During the hardware installation phase, a doorframe-style RFID reader was first installed in the pharmacy's storage area. This reader, 2.2 meters high and 1.2 meters wide, contained four directional antennas, each pointing at different angles to ensure full coverage. The antennas, using the Impinj MatchBox series, operate at a frequency of 920-925 MHz and are connected to an Impinj R700 interrogator. The interrogator was connected to the system server via a shielded Ethernet cable, ensuring stable and reliable signal transmission.

[0116] In pharmaceutical storage areas, differentiated installation procedures are implemented based on varying temperature requirements. A set of linear antennas is installed on each shelf in the normal temperature zone, with spacing within 1.5 meters to ensure comprehensive coverage. Antennas are placed along the shelf edges, employing a low-power design to avoid signal interference between adjacent shelves. Installations in the refrigerated area require special attention to anti-condensation measures. Specially designed anti-condensation antennas are installed on the refrigerator doors. The antenna housing is constructed from IP67-rated waterproof material and filled with desiccant to prevent condensation. Antennas in the frozen zone utilize a heating protection design with a built-in low-power heating element, controlled at 5-10°C to ensure proper operation in low-temperature environments.

[0117] The outbound delivery area is a key component of this system and requires the installation of a tunnel-type RFID reading area. This area is 0.8 meters long and has six built-in antennas to create a 360-degree reading area. A hidden RFID scanning system has been designed beneath the medicine delivery cabinet. This system includes a compact reader and three orthogonally arranged antennas, forming a three-dimensional recognition area. The reader adopts a low-power design, with a power of 25 watts and an automatic sleep function. The antenna adopts a flat-plate design, only 8mm thick, for easy concealed installation. The entire scanning system is fixed in a 60cm×40cm×10cm groove below the medicine delivery cabinet using a dedicated bracket. The surface is covered with a transparent acrylic protective cover, which protects the equipment without affecting signal transmission.

[0118] The software configuration phase includes server deployment, database configuration, and application software installation. The server uses an Intel Xeon processor, 16GB of memory, 1TB of SSD storage, and runs the Windows Server 2019 operating system. The database uses SQL Server 2019, creating basic data structures such as drug information tables, location information tables, temperature records, and operation log tables. The application software, developed in C#, includes modules for drug information management, inventory management, temperature monitoring, and logistics tracking. The software interface features an intuitive graphical design and supports touchscreen operation, reducing learning costs.

[0119] During the system debugging phase, the interrogator power was first adjusted: 27dBm for the incoming warehouse area, 23dBm for the storage area, 30dBm for the cold storage area, and 25dBm for the outgoing warehouse area. A multi-tag recognition test was then conducted, testing the system's recognition rate by placing 10-50 RFID tags at varying distances and angles. The system's recognition rate was then adjusted to above 99%. This was followed by a data transmission test to verify the stability and accuracy of data transmission from the interrogator to the server. Finally, a full process test was conducted, simulating the entire process of drug warehousing, storage, and outgoing shipment to ensure coordinated operation of all system components.

[0120] The RFID tag production process is also a critical step in system implementation. The tags utilize ultra-high-frequency (UHF) RFID tags with a built-in NXP UCODE 8 chip and 8KB of storage capacity. During tag production, a specialized encoder is used to write drug information onto the chip. This information includes basic information such as the drug code, batch number, expiration date, and temperature requirements, as well as specific information such as the clinical trial number and randomization code. After writing, visual information is printed on the label surface to facilitate manual verification. The label is affixed to a fixed position in the upper right corner of the drug packaging to ensure consistent reading. For temperature-sensitive medications, specialized tags with built-in temperature sensors can be selected to record the drug's temperature in real time.

[0121] After the system is installed, a two-week trial run is required to collect actual usage data, and fine-tune parameters and optimize functions based on feedback to ensure that the system operates stably and reliably in the actual environment.

[0122] use:

[0123] The daily use process of the present invention in clinical trial pharmacies mainly includes four main links: drug warehousing, drug storage, drug delivery and system management.

[0124] During the drug warehousing process, when new drugs arrive at the pharmacy, the operator first confirms that the outer packaging of the drugs is intact, and then places the drugs with RFID tags in the door frame RFID reading area of ​​the warehousing area. The system automatically reads the RFID tag information of all drugs and displays a list of drugs on the operation terminal, including drug name, batch number, quantity, expiration date and other information. After the operator verifies that the list is correct, he clicks the confirm warehousing button. The system automatically assigns storage locations based on the temperature requirements and storage rules of the drugs, and displays location instructions (shelf number, layer number, grid number) on the screen. The operator places the drugs in the corresponding location according to the instructions. After the RFID reader in the storage area detects that the drugs are in place, the system automatically updates the inventory information and records the warehousing time and operator information.

[0125] During drug storage, the system continuously monitors the temperature of each storage area. Temperature sensors are placed in each temperature-controlled area and transmit real-time temperature data to the system. If the temperature exceeds the preset range, the system immediately issues an alarm, notifying management personnel to address the issue. The system also regularly checks drug expiration dates and issues reminders for drugs approaching their expiration dates. For drugs with special temperature requirements, the system records the entire temperature data and generates a temperature curve chart to facilitate quality control.

[0126] Drug outbound delivery is the core application scenario of this system. When a drug outbound request is received, the operator enters the patient information and the required drug information into the system. The system automatically finds the location of the drug and displays the drug retrieval route on the screen. If used in conjunction with an automatic drug pushing device, the system will directly send instructions to the device to automatically push the drug to the drug outbound channel. When the drug passes through the hidden RFID scanning system under the drug outbound cabinet, the system automatically reads the drug information, verifies in real time whether it meets the drug outbound request, and records the drug outbound time and temperature data. After verification, the drug continues to be transported to the collection window, and the system automatically updates the inventory and generates an electronic drug dispensing record. The operator takes the drug and delivers it to the patient, completing the outbound delivery process. The entire process does not require the use of a PDA scanner, which significantly improves work efficiency and accuracy.

[0127] In terms of system management, managers can use the system to conduct inventory counts, data analysis, and report generation. During inventory counts, managers use handheld RFID readers to scan items within the pharmacy. The system automatically compares actual inventory with system records and generates inventory reports. The system also offers various data analysis capabilities, such as drug usage trend analysis, temperature fluctuation analysis, and logistics efficiency analysis, to help managers optimize pharmacy operations. The system supports multiple report export formats to meet regulatory audit requirements.

[0128] The system incorporates comprehensive emergency response mechanisms to handle exceptions. When RFID tags are damaged or fail to read, the system provides a manual entry option to ensure business continuity. When the system detects inventory anomalies, it automatically initiates a discrepancy investigation, logs the anomaly, and prompts management to address the issue. The system also features self-diagnostic functionality, regularly checking hardware status and providing prompt alerts if any issues are detected.

[0129] Permission management is crucial for system security. The system features multiple user levels, including roles such as operator, pharmacist, supervisory pharmacist, and system administrator, each with varying operational permissions. All operations are recorded in detail, forming a complete operation log for easy accountability. The system also supports two-factor authentication for enhanced security.

[0130] The above are only preferred embodiments of the present invention and are not intended to limit the scope of protection of the present invention. Therefore, any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc. made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included in the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A drug inventory management system that uses RFID to identify drugs. The internal area of ​​the drug warehouse is divided into drug storage area, incoming area, and outgoing area; A warehouse medicine data server is configured for the medicine warehouse, and a warehouse medicine database is set in the warehouse medicine data server; Its characteristics are: The drug inventory management system includes an inbound RFID reader and an outbound RFID reader; The RFID reading device for incoming medicines is arranged at the incoming medicine area and is used to read the data information in the RFID tags attached to the incoming medicines; The outbound RFID reading device is arranged at the outbound area, and is used to read the data information in the RFID tag attached to the outbound medicine.

2. The drug inventory management system using RFID to identify drugs according to claim 1, characterized in that: The medicine inventory management system further includes an inventory RFID reading device, which is disposed in the medicine storage area and is used to read data information in RFID tags attached to the inventory medicines.

3. The drug inventory management system using RFID to identify drugs according to claim 1, characterized in that: The RFID reader for warehousing is a door frame type RFID reader. The outbound RFID reading device is a tunnel-type RFID reading device.

4. The drug inventory management system using RFID to identify drugs according to claim 2, characterized in that: A warehouse medicine data server is configured for the medicine warehouse, and the warehouse medicine data server is provided with a warehouse medicine database; The inbound RFID reading device, outbound RFID reading device and inventory RFID reading device are all connected to the warehouse drug data server for data communication.

5. The drug inventory management system using RFID to identify drugs according to claim 4 is characterized by: The medicine warehouse is equipped with a medicine circulation system, a medicine inlet cabinet is set at the medicine inlet area of ​​the medicine warehouse, and a medicine outlet cabinet is set at the medicine outlet area of ​​the medicine warehouse; The medicine circulation system can transfer the medicines stored in the medicine cabinets in the storage area to the designated storage locations in the medicine storage area for storage; The medicine circulation system can transfer medicines stored at designated storage locations in the medicine storage area to medicine cabinets in the outbound area.

6. The drug inventory management system using RFID to identify drugs according to claim 5, characterized in that: The drug circulation system is communicatively connected to the warehouse drug data server and is controlled by the warehouse drug data server. The drug circulation system can be linked to the warehouse drug database through the warehouse drug data server.

7. The drug inventory management system using RFID to identify drugs according to claim 1, characterized in that: The power of the RFID reader in the inbound RFID reading device is set to 27dBm; the power of the RFID reader in the outbound RFID reading device is set to 25dBm.

8. The drug inventory management system using RFID to identify drugs according to claim 1, characterized in that: The medicine is accompanied by an RFID tag, and the RFID tag is used to store medicine-related data information.

9. A method for managing drug inventory using RFID to identify drugs, characterized by: RFID technology is used to realize the whole process information transmission of drugs from storage to delivery.

10. The drug inventory management method using RFID to identify drugs according to claim 9, characterized in that: The internal area of ​​the drug warehouse is divided into drug storage area, incoming warehouse area and outgoing warehouse area; An incoming RFID reading device is provided at the incoming medicine entry area, which is used to read the data information in the RFID tag attached to the incoming medicine; An outbound RFID reading device is provided at the outbound area, which is used to read the data information in the RFID tag attached to the outbound medicine; An inventory RFID reading device is set in the medicine storage area, which is used to read the data information in the RFID tags attached to the inventory medicines.

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