Antenna array and communication equipment
Through the design of waveguide antenna units and choke components, the problems of insufficient gain and excessive size of traditional antenna arrays in the millimeter wave band are solved, high gain, miniaturization and efficient energy transmission are achieved, and high-performance antennas are provided for 72-78GHz frequency band communication systems.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- CN202510871863.4
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Applications(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2025-06-26
- Publication Date
- 2025-09-26
AI Technical Summary
Traditional microstrip antennas and patch antenna arrays have problems with insufficient gain and low radiation efficiency in the millimeter wave frequency band. In addition, large-scale array configurations result in antenna sizes that are too large, making it difficult to meet compact design requirements.
The design of waveguide antenna unit and choke assembly is adopted. By setting the first and second antenna elements on both sides of the carrier substrate and combining with the feeding structure, the electromagnetic waves are effectively constrained to propagate within a specific path, the interference between arrays is suppressed, and high gain and miniaturization are achieved.
It significantly improves energy transmission efficiency, suppresses inter-array interference, and provides high-performance antennas for 72-78GHz frequency band communication systems, meeting compact design requirements.
Smart Images
Figure CN120709711A_ABST
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] The embodiments of the present application relate to the field of communication technology, and in particular to an antenna array and a communication device. Background Art
[0002] With the rapid development of applications such as 5G millimeter-wave communications, automotive radar, and satellite communications, demand for high-frequency communication systems in the 72-78 GHz band is growing. Antennas, as key components in the RF front-end, face severe technical challenges in this frequency band.
[0003] During the implementation of the present invention, the inventors discovered that conventional microstrip antennas and patch antenna arrays generally suffer from insufficient gain in the millimeter-wave frequency band. This is primarily due to the significant increase in dielectric loss with increasing frequency, while radiation efficiency decreases. Furthermore, to achieve sufficient gain, conventional solutions often require large array configurations, resulting in excessively large antennas, making them difficult to meet the compact design requirements of modern communication equipment. Summary of the Invention
[0004] The main technical problem solved by the embodiments of the present application is to provide an antenna array. By setting up waveguide antenna units, it is possible to effectively constrain the propagation of electromagnetic waves within a specific path. Compared with an open radiation structure, it can significantly improve the energy transmission efficiency. Combined with the design of the choke component, while achieving high gain and miniaturization, it effectively suppresses interference between arrays, providing a high-performance antenna for 72-78GHz frequency band communication systems.
[0005] In order to solve the above technical problems, a technical solution adopted in an embodiment of the present application is: providing an antenna array, including a carrying substrate, a waveguide antenna unit, a choke assembly and a feeding structure, wherein the waveguide antenna unit includes multiple first antenna elements and multiple second antenna elements, and the multiple first antenna elements and the multiple second antenna elements are respectively arranged on both sides of the carrying substrate, the first antenna element includes a first rectangular waveguide cavity and a first radiation opening arranged on the first rectangular waveguide cavity, the second antenna element includes a second rectangular waveguide cavity and a second radiation opening arranged on the second rectangular waveguide cavity, the choke assembly is arranged on the waveguide antenna unit, and the feeding structure is placed on the second surface of the carrying substrate, and the feeding structure is used to provide signal feeding to the waveguide antenna unit.
[0006] Optionally, there are a plurality of the first radiation openings, and a plurality of the second radiation openings, and the plurality of the first radiation openings and the plurality of the second radiation openings are arranged alternately.
[0007] Optionally, a plurality of the first antenna elements are arranged along the width direction of the carrier substrate, and a plurality of the second antenna elements are arranged along the width direction of the carrier substrate.
[0008] Optionally, the choke assembly includes a first choke slot and a second choke slot, the first choke slot is arranged between adjacent first antenna elements, and the second choke slot is arranged between adjacent second antenna elements.
[0009] Optionally, the first choke slot includes a plurality of first choke bars arranged in parallel, and the plurality of first choke bars are distributed at equal intervals along a preset direction.
[0010] Optionally, the spacing between adjacent first choke strips is less than half of the operating wavelength of the antenna array.
[0011] Optionally, the second choke slot includes a plurality of second choke bars arranged in parallel, and the plurality of second choke bars are distributed at equal intervals along a preset direction.
[0012] Optionally, the first choke slot and the second choke slot are both rectangular annular slots.
[0013] Optionally, the feeding structure includes a coaxial probe, the coaxial probe includes a core and a sheath, the core is used to transmit signals, and the sheath is grounded to the carrier substrate.
[0014] In order to solve the above technical problems, another technical solution adopted in the embodiment of the present application is: providing a communication device, including any of the above antenna arrays.
[0015] An embodiment of the present application provides an antenna array, including a carrier substrate, a waveguide antenna unit, a choke assembly and a feeding structure, wherein the waveguide antenna unit includes a plurality of first antenna elements and a plurality of second antenna elements, and the plurality of first antenna elements and the plurality of second antenna elements are respectively arranged on both sides of the carrier substrate, the first antenna element includes a first rectangular waveguide cavity and a first radiating opening arranged on the first rectangular waveguide cavity, the second antenna element includes a second rectangular waveguide cavity and a second radiating opening arranged on the second rectangular waveguide cavity, the choke assembly is arranged on the waveguide antenna unit, and the feeding structure is placed on the second surface of the carrier substrate, and the feeding structure is used to provide signal feeding to the waveguide antenna unit. By setting the waveguide antenna unit, electromagnetic waves can be effectively constrained to propagate within a specific path, and the energy transmission efficiency can be significantly improved compared with the open radiation structure. Combined with the design of the choke assembly, while achieving high gain and miniaturization, it effectively suppresses interference between arrays, providing a high-performance antenna for the 72-78 GHz frequency band communication system. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0016] To more clearly illustrate the specific embodiments of this application or the technical solutions in the prior art, the following briefly describes the drawings required for the specific embodiments or the description of the prior art. Similar elements or parts are generally identified by similar reference numerals throughout the drawings. Elements or parts in the drawings are not necessarily drawn to scale.
[0017] Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of an antenna array according to an embodiment of the present application; Figure 2 1 is a schematic diagram of the back side of the antenna array according to an embodiment of the present application; Figure 3 is a schematic diagram of a first antenna element according to an embodiment of the present application; Figure 4 is a schematic diagram of a second antenna element according to an embodiment of the present application; Figure 5 is another schematic diagram of the antenna array according to an embodiment of the present application; Figure 6 is an S11 parameter diagram of the first antenna element or the second antenna element in an embodiment of the present application; Figure 7 is a VSWR curve diagram of the antenna array according to an embodiment of the present application; Figure 8 It is an S11 curve diagram of the antenna array according to an embodiment of the present application.
[0018] The figure numbers in the specific implementation manner are as follows: 100, antenna array; 10, carrying substrate; 20, waveguide antenna unit; 21, first antenna element; 201, first rectangular waveguide cavity; 202, first radiating aperture; 22, second antenna element; 221, second rectangular waveguide cavity; 222, second radiating aperture; 30, choke assembly; 31, first choke slot; 311, first choke bar; 32, second choke slot; 321, second choke bar; 40, feeding structure; 41, coaxial probe; 411, core; 412, sheath. DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0019] In order to facilitate the understanding of the present application, the present application will be described in more detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments. It should be noted that when an element is described as being "fixed on" another element, it can be directly on the other element, or there can be one or more centered elements therebetween. When an element is described as being "connected to" another element, it can be directly connected to the other element, or there can be one or more centered elements therebetween. The terms "upper", "lower", "inside", "outside", "vertical", "horizontal", etc. used in this specification indicate an orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings, and are only for the convenience of describing the present application and simplifying the description, rather than indicating or implying that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore cannot be understood as a limitation on the present application. In addition, the terms "first", "second", etc. are used for descriptive purposes only and cannot be understood as indicating or implying relative importance.
[0020] Unless otherwise defined, all technical and scientific terms used in this specification have the same meanings as those commonly understood by those skilled in the art to which this application belongs. The terms used in this specification are for the purpose of describing specific embodiments only and are not intended to limit this application. The term "and / or" as used in this specification includes any and all combinations of one or more of the relevant listed items.
[0021] In addition, the technical features involved in different embodiments of the present application described below can be combined with each other as long as they do not conflict with each other.
[0022] See also Figure 1 and Figure 2 The antenna array 100 includes an antenna array 100, including a carrier substrate 10, a waveguide antenna unit 20, a choke assembly 30 and a feed structure 40. The carrier substrate 10 is made of a highly conductive metal material, preferably an aluminum alloy or copper alloy, offering excellent mechanical strength and electromagnetic shielding performance. The carrier substrate 10 has a rectangular plate-like structure, providing stable mechanical support and electrical connection for the antenna array 100. The carrier substrate 10 has a first surface for mounting the waveguide antenna unit 20 and a second surface for mounting the feed structure 40.
[0023] The waveguide antenna unit 20 constitutes the core radiation part of the antenna array 100, and includes multiple first antenna elements 21 and multiple second antenna elements 22. The first antenna element 21 and the second antenna element 22 are respectively arranged on opposite sides of the supporting substrate 10 to form a double-sided radiation configuration, which can effectively improve the space utilization efficiency of the antenna array 100. The first antenna element 21 includes a first rectangular waveguide cavity 201, and the interior of the first rectangular waveguide cavity 201 forms a closed rectangular cross-section waveguide channel. The cross-sectional dimensions of the first rectangular waveguide cavity 201 are optimized according to the waveguide transmission characteristics of the 72-78GHz operating frequency band to ensure stable transmission of the TE10 mode. A first radiation opening 202 is provided on the upper surface of the first rectangular waveguide cavity 201. The size and position of the first radiation opening 202 have been optimized through electromagnetic simulation to achieve optimal radiation efficiency and directional pattern characteristics. The structure of the second antenna element 22 corresponds to that of the first antenna element 21, please refer to Figure 4 The second antenna element 22 includes a second rectangular waveguide cavity 221 and a second radiating aperture 222 disposed therein. The second rectangular waveguide cavity 221 shares the same basic structural parameters as the first rectangular waveguide cavity 201, ensuring consistent radiation characteristics across the antenna array 100. The design parameters of the second radiating aperture 222 are coordinated with those of the first radiating aperture 202, and together they constitute the overall radiating element of the array.
[0024] Please combine Figure 6 , Figure 6 The following is a graph of the S11 parameters for the first antenna element 21 or the second antenna element 22. Test data analysis shows that the first antenna element 21 or the second antenna element 22 exhibits excellent matching characteristics within the 72-78 GHz operating frequency band, with the S11 parameter remaining below -15 dB within the target frequency band. Specific analysis shows that at the two key frequencies of 74 GHz and 77 GHz, the S11 parameters reach excellent levels of -18.5 dB and -16.8 dB, respectively, with corresponding reflected powers of only 1.4% and 2.1%, demonstrating efficient impedance matching between the antenna and the feed system. The frequency response curve exhibits broadband characteristics, covering a bandwidth exceeding 6 GHz, meeting the application requirements of broadband millimeter-wave communication systems. The frequency stability of the S11 parameter demonstrates the engineering maturity of the antenna design. Across the entire operating frequency band, parameter fluctuations are kept within ±2 dB, ensuring stable system performance across different operating frequencies. This broadband matching provides an important technical foundation for multi-band applications and frequency-agile systems.
[0025] The choke assembly 30 is arranged on the waveguide antenna unit 20, and its main function is to suppress the electromagnetic coupling between adjacent antenna elements and reduce interference between arrays. In an embodiment of the present application, the choke assembly 30 adopts a metal slot structure, and a slot structure of a specific depth and width is formed by processing on the supporting substrate 10. The design frequency of the choke assembly 30 matches the antenna operating frequency band and provides effective electromagnetic isolation performance in the range of 72-78GHz. Preferably, the depth of the choke assembly 30 is generally one-quarter of the operating wavelength, and the width is optimized and adjusted according to the isolation requirements. The introduction of the choke assembly 30 significantly improves the port isolation of the antenna array 100 and enhances the overall radiation performance.
[0026] The feeding structure 40 is arranged on the second surface of the carrier substrate 10 and is responsible for providing RF signal feeding to the waveguide antenna unit 20. The feeding structure 40 adopts a back-feed design and establishes an electromagnetic coupling connection with the inside of the waveguide cavity through the feeding hole on the carrier substrate 10. The design of the feeding structure 40 ensures good impedance matching and efficient power transmission, and achieves low reflection loss within the operating frequency band. The specific layout of the feeding structure 40 is designed according to the port configuration requirements of the antenna array 100, and supports single-port or multi-port feeding methods. The selection of the feeding position is optimized through electromagnetic simulation to ensure that each antenna element obtains uniform power distribution and phase relationship.
[0027] Please combine Figure 7 , Figure 7 The VSWR curve for antenna array 100 provides an intuitive assessment of the matching performance of antenna array 100. A VSWR value closer to 1 indicates superior matching performance. Test results show that antenna array 100 exhibits excellent VSWR performance within the 72-81 GHz frequency band, with the optimal operating point at 74.44606 GHz, where the VSWR value is only 1.05674, approaching ideal matching. The overall trend of the VSWR curve exhibits a typical resonant characteristic, with optimal matching achieved at the center frequency band and gradually deteriorating toward the ends, but remaining within an acceptable range. Throughout the target frequency band of 72-78 GHz, VSWR values remain below 1.5, with corresponding return loss less than 0.18 dB, ensuring efficient power transmission. VSWR performance at the band edges is equally important, with VSWR values of approximately 1.35 at 78 GHz and approximately 1.42 at 72 GHz, demonstrating that antenna array 100 exhibits excellent band-edge characteristics. This performance profile provides ample design margin for system frequency planning and channel configuration, supporting flexible frequency resource allocation strategies.
[0028] The antenna array 100 structure of this embodiment effectively constrains the electromagnetic wave propagation path through the closed boundary characteristics of the waveguide antenna unit 20, significantly improving energy transmission efficiency compared to open radiating structures. The configuration of the choke assembly 30 effectively suppresses inter-array interference, improving antenna isolation and radiation performance. The overall structure achieves high gain and miniaturization in the 72-78 GHz frequency band, providing a high-performance antenna solution for millimeter-wave communication systems.
[0029] Please refer back Figure 3 and Figure 4 The first rectangular waveguide cavity 201 of the first antenna element 21 is provided with multiple first radiating apertures 202. The number of apertures is determined by the waveguide cavity size and radiation performance requirements, preferably 3-5 apertures. The first radiating apertures 202 are evenly spaced along the length of the waveguide cavity, with spacing designed to be half the waveguide wavelength to ensure in-phase excitation and maximum radiation efficiency. Each first radiating aperture 202 has a rectangular or elliptical geometric shape. Furthermore, the second antenna element 22 is provided with multiple second radiating apertures 222, whose number, size, and distribution are consistent with the first radiating apertures 202, ensuring symmetry and power balance in bilateral radiation. The design parameters of the second radiating apertures 222 are coordinated and optimized with the first radiating apertures 202 to achieve consistent radiation patterns across the entire array. The multiple first radiating apertures 202 and the multiple second radiating apertures 222 are arranged in a staggered layout, forming a spatially staggered distribution pattern. In a specific implementation, the first and second radiating apertures 202 and 222 are offset by a half-period within the plane of the carrier substrate 10, positioning the first radiating apertures 202 between the second radiating apertures 222. This staggered arrangement effectively reduces direct electromagnetic coupling between adjacent first and second radiating apertures 202 and 222, lowering the level of mutual interference. Furthermore, the staggered configuration increases the spatial sampling density of the antenna array 100, improving the sidelobe characteristics of the far-field radiation pattern and enhancing the gain and directivity of the antenna array 100. The offset distance of the staggered arrangement is determined through electromagnetic simulation optimization, with a typical value of one-quarter of the waveguide wavelength.
[0030] In an embodiment of the present application, a plurality of first antenna elements 21 are linearly arranged along the width direction of the carrier substrate 10 to form an array of first antenna elements 21. The antenna element spacing is designed to be 0.6-0.8 times the free space wavelength, achieving a compact layout while avoiding grating lobe effects. A plurality of second antenna elements 22 are also arranged along the width direction of the carrier substrate 10, forming a parallel configuration with the array of first antenna elements 21. The arrangement spacing and number of the second antenna elements 22 are consistent with those of the first antenna elements 21 to ensure the electrical symmetry of the bilateral arrays. The two arrays are electromagnetically isolated by the central area of the carrier substrate 10, and an additional shielding structure can be provided in this area to further improve the isolation.
[0031] In the embodiment of the present application, the radiation efficiency of the antenna array 100 is improved compared to a single-aperture configuration by staggering the plurality of first radiating apertures 202 and the plurality of second radiating apertures 222, while also improving the symmetry and sidelobe suppression characteristics of the far-field pattern. The array layout in the width direction realizes the beamforming function, and the desired beam pointing and shape can be obtained by adjusting the excitation amplitude and phase of each element. The staggered arrangement significantly reduces the level of electromagnetic coupling within the array, improves the isolation between ports, and enhances the stability and reliability of the antenna array 100. The overall structure achieves better electromagnetic performance and more flexible application adaptability while maintaining a compact size.
[0032] In the embodiment of the present application, the waveguide antenna unit 20 adopts a compact structural design. The single first antenna element 21 and the second antenna element 22 are small in size and are staggered to form an array. While achieving high gain, the overall size of the antenna array 100 is effectively reduced, meeting the miniaturization requirements of modern communication equipment and facilitating integration into various compact electronic devices.
[0033] See also Figure 5 The choke assembly 30 includes a first choke slot 31 and a second choke slot 32. The first choke slot 31 is arranged between adjacent first antenna elements 21 to form an electromagnetic isolation barrier. In the embodiment of the present application, the first choke slot 31 adopts a slot-shaped structure, and the slot depth is designed to be one-fourth of the wavelength corresponding to the center frequency of the working frequency band of the antenna array 100, ensuring the best electromagnetic suppression effect in the 72-78GHz frequency band. Furthermore, the second choke slot 32 is arranged between adjacent second antenna elements 22, and its structural parameters and design principles are consistent with the first choke slot 31. The second choke slot 32 corresponds to the first choke slot 31 in spatial position, forming a symmetrical isolation structure layout. Through the synergistic effect of the double-sided choke slots, the mutual interference within the first antenna element 21 array and the second antenna element 22 array is effectively suppressed. The processing accuracy requirements of the second choke slot 32 are the same as those of the first choke slot 31, ensuring that the two choke slot systems have consistent electromagnetic characteristics and isolation performance.
[0034] For further information, please refer to Figure 5, the first choke slot 31 includes a plurality of first choke bars 311 arranged in parallel to form a periodic electromagnetic suppression structure. The plurality of first choke bars 311 are evenly spaced along a preset direction, and the preset direction is usually parallel to the arrangement direction of the first antenna element 21. The number of first choke bars 311 is determined according to the choke slot length and spacing requirements, and the equidistant distribution ensures the uniformity of the choking effect and the consistency of the electromagnetic performance. The spacing between adjacent first choke bars 311 is controlled at half of the working wavelength of the antenna array 100, and the specific value is determined by electromagnetic simulation analysis. Through the above-mentioned arrangement, the excitation and propagation of higher-order modes are effectively prevented, and the fundamental mode characteristics of the electromagnetic field inside the first choke slot 31 are maintained. At the same time, the dense arrangement of the first choke bars 311 enhances the suppression capability of surface waves and further improves the isolation between the multiple first antenna elements 21.
[0035] The second choke slot 32 also includes a plurality of parallel-arranged second choke bars 321, whose structural parameters and distribution are consistent with those of the first choke bar 311. The plurality of second choke bars 321 are evenly spaced along a predetermined direction, which is parallel to the arrangement direction of the second antenna element 22. The spacing between the second choke bars 321 is designed according to the same principles as the first choke bars 311. The spacing between the second choke bars 321 is also designed to meet the requirement of being less than half the operating wavelength, ensuring that the second choke slot 32 has the same electromagnetic suppression performance as the first choke slot 31. In this embodiment, the isolation between adjacent first antenna elements 21 or second antenna elements 22 is improved.
[0036] In the application embodiment, the first choke slot 31 and the second choke slot 32 both adopt the overall configuration of a rectangular annular slot to form a closed electromagnetic suppression structure. The rectangular annular slot consists of an outer rectangular slot body and an inner rectangular island structure, with a continuous annular gap formed between the two. The width of the annular gap is designed to be one-quarter of the waveguide wavelength corresponding to the working frequency band, ensuring that an electromagnetic short-circuit characteristic is formed at the target frequency. The closed structure of the rectangular annular slot provides stronger electromagnetic isolation capability than the traditional open choke slot. The annular structure forms a continuous electromagnetic barrier around adjacent antenna elements, effectively blocking the propagation path of surface waves. The electromagnetic field inside the annular gap forms a standing wave distribution at a specific frequency, achieving efficient reflection and suppression of coupled signals. The closed design also has better frequency selection characteristics, providing high isolation within the working frequency band while minimizing the impact on the radiation performance of the antenna array 100. The geometric parameters of the rectangular annular slot can be adjusted according to different application requirements to achieve an optimized balance between isolation and bandwidth characteristics.
[0037] In an embodiment of the present application, the coordinated configuration of the first choke slot 31 and the second choke slot 32 realizes comprehensive electromagnetic isolation on both sides of the antenna array 100. The two choke slot systems correspond to each other in space, forming a symmetrical isolation structure layout. Through the synergistic effect of bilateral isolation, the cross-coupling between the first antenna element 21 array and the second antenna element 22 array is effectively suppressed. The dual choke slot system also provides redundant isolation protection. Even if the performance of a single choke slot changes due to manufacturing errors or environmental factors, the other choke slot can still maintain basic isolation function. This design improves the stability and reliability of the antenna system and is particularly suitable for application scenarios with strict requirements on electromagnetic compatibility.
[0038] Please refer back to 2. The number of feed structures 40 corresponds to the configuration of the waveguide antenna units 20. Each first antenna element 21 and second antenna element 22 is equipped with an independent feed structure 40. Multiple feed structures 40 are uniformly arranged on the second surface of the carrier substrate 10, forming a regular array layout. The position of the feed structures 40 on the second surface precisely corresponds to the position of the corresponding waveguide antenna units 20 on the first surface, and an electromagnetic connection is established through the feed holes within the carrier substrate 10. The spacing between the feed structures 40 is consistent with the spacing between the antenna elements, ensuring the geometric symmetry and electrical consistency of the layout. Each feed structure 40 is connected to the corresponding waveguide cavity through an independent feed channel, avoiding feed crosstalk between different antenna elements. The feed channel adopts a circular aperture design, the aperture diameter of which is determined by the outer diameter of the coaxial probe 41 and the impedance matching requirements. The feed holes penetrate the entire thickness of the carrier substrate 10, and the inner wall surface is precision machined and surface treated to ensure good electrical connection performance.
[0039] Specifically, the coaxial probe 41 adopts a standard coaxial transmission line structure, including a central conductor core 411 and an outer conductor sheath 412. The core 411 is made of a highly conductive metal material, preferably gold-plated copper or silver, to ensure low-loss transmission characteristics within the working frequency band. The surface of the core 411 is polished, and the surface roughness is controlled at the nanometer level to minimize high-frequency transmission losses. The sheath 412 adopts a concentric cylindrical structure. The sheath 412 material is selected from a highly conductive metal, and the outer diameter is determined according to the size of the feed through hole to achieve a reliable mechanical connection with the carrier substrate 10 while ensuring impedance matching. The core 411 serves as the inner conductor of the coaxial probe 41 and assumes the transmission function of the radio frequency signal. The signal enters the core 411 from an external radio frequency source through a coaxial connector and propagates along the coaxial transmission line to the end of the probe. At the end of the probe, the core 411 establishes a coupling connection with the electromagnetic field inside the waveguide cavity, efficiently injecting the transmission power into the waveguide mode. The outer sheath 412 of the coaxial probe 41 establishes a reliable electrical connection with the carrier substrate 10, ensuring RF ground continuity and electromagnetic shielding. The outer sheath 412 is connected to the carrier substrate 10 via mechanical crimping or welding, with conductive adhesive or a conductive gasket used at the interface to ensure low-impedance contact. The DC resistance of the ground connection is controlled to the milliohm level, and the RF impedance remains low within the operating frequency band.
[0040] Please combine Figure 8 , Figure 8 The figure is the S11 graph of the antenna array 100, which shows the influence and optimization effect of the array design on the unit matching performance. Compared with the single first antenna element 21 or the second antenna element 22, the antenna array 100 achieves further improvement in matching performance through electromagnetic coupling and complementary effects between arrays. Test data shows that the S11 parameter of the antenna array 100 reaches an excellent level of more than -22dB at the key frequency point. The performance improvement brought by arraying is mainly reflected in two aspects: the expansion of bandwidth and the improvement of matching depth. The operating bandwidth of the antenna array 100 is expanded by about 15% compared with the single first antenna element 21 or the second antenna element 22, and the matching depth in the center frequency band is improved by 3-5dB. This improvement is due to the mutual coupling effect between the array elements and the synergistic effect of the choke structure. The impedance characteristics are optimized through reasonable unit spacing and choke design.
[0041] The embodiment of the present application provides an antenna array 100, including a carrier substrate 10, a waveguide antenna unit 20, a choke assembly 30 and a feed structure 40, wherein the waveguide antenna unit 20 includes a plurality of first antenna elements 21 and a plurality of second antenna elements 22, wherein the plurality of first antenna elements 21 and the plurality of second antenna elements 22 are respectively arranged on both sides of the carrier substrate 10, the first antenna element 21 includes a first rectangular waveguide cavity 201 and a first radiating aperture 202 arranged on the first rectangular waveguide cavity 201, and the second antenna element 22 includes a second rectangular waveguide cavity 221 and a first radiating aperture 202 arranged on the first rectangular waveguide cavity 201. The second radiating opening 222 on the second rectangular waveguide cavity 221, the choke component 30 is arranged on the waveguide antenna unit 20, and the feeding structure 40 is placed on the second surface of the supporting substrate 10. The feeding structure 40 is used to provide signal feeding to the waveguide antenna unit 20. By setting the waveguide antenna unit 20, the electromagnetic wave can be effectively constrained to propagate within a specific path, and the energy transmission efficiency can be significantly improved compared with the open radiation structure. Combined with the design of the choke component 30, while achieving high gain and miniaturization, it effectively suppresses interference between arrays, providing a high-performance antenna for the 72-78GHz frequency band communication system.
[0042] This application also provides a communication device embodiment, wherein the communication device includes the embodiment of the antenna array 100 described above. For specific implementations, please refer to the embodiment of the antenna array 100 described above. The above descriptions are merely examples of the present application and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention. Any equivalent structure or equivalent process transformation made using the contents of the present application specification and drawings, or directly or indirectly applied to other related technical fields, are also included in the scope of patent protection of the present application.
Claims
1. An antenna array, characterized in that: include: load-bearing substrate; A waveguide antenna unit, comprising a plurality of first antenna elements and a plurality of second antenna elements, wherein the plurality of first antenna elements and the plurality of second antenna elements are respectively arranged on both sides of the carrier substrate, the first antenna element comprising a first rectangular waveguide cavity and a first radiating aperture arranged in the first rectangular waveguide cavity, and the second antenna element comprising a second rectangular waveguide cavity and a second radiating aperture arranged in the second rectangular waveguide cavity; a choke assembly, disposed on the waveguide antenna unit; A feeding structure is provided on the second surface of the carrier substrate, and the feeding structure is used to provide signal feeding to the waveguide antenna unit.
2. The antenna array according to claim 1, wherein: There are a plurality of the first radiation openings, and a plurality of the second radiation openings. The plurality of the first radiation openings and the plurality of the second radiation openings are arranged alternately.
3. The antenna array according to claim 1, wherein: A plurality of first antenna elements are arranged along the width direction of the carrier substrate, and a plurality of second antenna elements are arranged along the width direction of the carrier substrate.
4. The antenna array according to claim 1, wherein: The choke assembly includes a first choke slot and a second choke slot. The first choke slot is disposed between adjacent first antenna elements, and the second choke slot is disposed between adjacent second antenna elements.
5. The antenna array according to claim 4, characterized in that The first choke slot includes a plurality of first choke bars arranged in parallel, and the plurality of first choke bars are distributed at equal intervals along a preset direction.
6. The antenna array according to claim 5, characterized in that The spacing between adjacent first choke strips is less than half of the operating wavelength of the antenna array.
7. The antenna array according to claim 4, characterized in that The second choke slot includes a plurality of second choke bars arranged in parallel, and the plurality of second choke bars are distributed at equal intervals along a preset direction.
8. The antenna array according to claim 4, characterized in that The first choke slot and the second choke slot are both rectangular annular slots.
9. The antenna array according to claim 1, wherein: The feeding structure includes a coaxial probe, which includes a core and a sheath. The core is used to transmit signals, and the sheath is grounded to the carrier substrate.
10. A communication device, characterized in that: Comprising the antenna array according to any one of claims 1 to 9.