Signal customization with respect to low resolution quantization

Abstract

At a device (e.g., a user equipment), one or more parameters representing capabilities of the device may be provided to a network element (e.g., a base station) such that the network element customizes signal generation parameters provided to the device. The customized signal generation parameters may be used by the device in generating a signal destined for the network element, and may also be used by the device in decoding a signal received from the network element. The customized signal generation parameters may be selected from a set of parameters, where the set includes a bandwidth extension ratio, a roll-off factor, and a guard band factor.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates generally to digital communications and, in particular embodiments, to adaptation of low-resolution quantization, and more particularly, to customization for low-resolution quantization. Background Art

[0002] Quantization can be considered an important step in a digital to analog converter (DAC) or an analog to digital converter (ADC). The main characteristic of quantization is the quantization resolution, which can also be referred to as the number of quantization regions. Usually, the quantization regions are represented as bits. For example, if there are two quantization regions, a single bit can be used to represent a given quantization region. The accuracy with which an analog signal can be represented by a quantized signal may depend on the quantization resolution, i.e., the number of quantization regions or the number of bits. A larger number of quantization bits can be associated with a "lower" quantization resolution and a larger number of quantization regions.

[0003] A larger number of quantization bits results in a smaller quantization error. The term "quantization error" can be understood as a measure of the difference between a signal before and after quantization. Quantization error is often expressed as the Euclidean distance between two signals.

[0004] In digital communications, data is typically arranged in blocks. A measure of digital communication channel quality is typically expressed as the block error rate (BLER), which is the ratio of the number of erroneously received blocks to the total number of blocks transmitted on the digital communication channel.

[0005] The number of quantization bits can affect the BLER performance of a digital communication channel. Generally, a larger number of quantization bits results in better BLER performance. However, complexity also increases with the number of quantization bits. Therefore, increasing the number of quantization bits to improve BLER performance beyond a certain point may not be feasible. Summary of the Invention

[0006] At a device (e.g., user equipment), one or more parameters representing the capabilities of the device are provided to a network element (e.g., a base station) so that the network element customizes signal generation parameters provided to the device. The customized signal generation parameters can be used by the device when generating a signal to be sent to the network element, or when decoding a signal received from the network element. The customized signal generation parameters can be selected from a group of parameters, wherein the group includes a bandwidth extension ratio, a roll-off factor, and a guard band factor.

[0007] It can be argued that low-bit quantization is important for both DAC and ADC applications. In the downlink direction, some receivers are known to have limited capabilities and therefore can only implement low-bit quantization ADCs. Similarly, in the uplink direction, some transmitters are known to have limited capabilities and therefore can only implement low-bit quantization DACs.

[0008] Aspects of the present application are directed to tailoring signal generation parameters to cope with the limited capabilities of low-bit quantization.

[0009] According to one aspect of the present invention, a method for execution at a device is provided. The method comprises: sending an indication of signal parameters to a network element, wherein the signal parameters are selected based on capabilities of the device; receiving signal generation parameters from the network element, wherein the signal generation parameters are selected at the network element at least in part based on the signal parameters; and sending a signal, wherein the signal is generated according to the signal generation parameters.

[0010] According to one aspect of the present invention, a method for execution at a network element is provided. The method comprises: receiving an indication of signal parameters from a device, wherein the signal parameters are selected by the device based on capabilities of the device; sending signal generation parameters to the device, wherein the signal generation parameters are selected based at least in part on the signal parameters; receiving a signal; and decoding the signal according to the signal generation parameters.

[0011] According to one aspect of the present invention, a method for execution at a device is provided. The method comprises: sending an indication of signal parameters to a network element, wherein the signal parameters are selected based on capabilities of the device; receiving signal generation parameters from the network element, wherein the signal generation parameters are selected based at least in part on the signal parameters; receiving a signal; and decoding the signal according to the signal generation parameters.

[0012] According to one aspect of the present invention, a method for execution at a network element is provided, the method comprising: receiving an indication of signal parameters from a device, wherein the signal parameters are selected by the device based on capabilities of the device; sending signal generation parameters to the device, wherein the signal generation parameters are selected based at least in part on the signal parameters; and sending a signal, wherein the signal is generated according to the signal generation parameters.

[0013] According to one aspect of the present invention, a device is provided, comprising a processor and a computer-readable storage medium, wherein the computer-readable storage medium stores computer-executable instructions, which, when executed by the processor, execute the method described above or below in detail.

[0014] According to one aspect of the present invention, a non-transitory computer-readable storage medium is provided, wherein the computer-readable storage medium stores instructions, which, when executed by a processor of a device, cause the device to perform the method described above. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0015] For a more complete understanding of the embodiments of the present invention and its advantages, reference is now made to the following description in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, by way of example, in which:

[0016] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of a communication system in which an embodiment of the present invention may be implemented is shown, wherein the communication system includes a plurality of exemplary electronic devices, a plurality of exemplary transmission and reception points, and various networks;

[0017] Figure 2 for Figure 1 a block diagram of a communication system comprising a plurality of exemplary electronic devices, exemplary terrestrial transmission reception points and exemplary non-terrestrial transmission reception points, and various networks;

[0018] Figure 3 Provided for all aspects of this application Figure 2 Elements of an exemplary electronic device, Figure 2 Elements of an exemplary ground transmission reception point and Figure 2 A block diagram of elements of an exemplary non-terrestrial transmission reception point;

[0019] Figure 4 Block diagrams of various modules that may be included in exemplary electronic devices, exemplary terrestrial transmission reception points, and exemplary non-terrestrial transmission reception points are provided for various aspects of the present application;

[0020] Figure 5 A block diagram of the perception management functionality provided for various aspects of this application;

[0021] Figure 6 is a block diagram of an exemplary transmitter for a Single Carrier Offset Quadrature Amplitude Modulation (SC-OQAM) signal;

[0022] Figure 7 is a block diagram of an exemplary transmitter for direct Fourier transform spreading of an orthogonal frequency division multiplexing signal;

[0023] Figure 8 for pulse shaping and guard band allocation in the frequency domain;

[0024] Figure 9 A signal parameter selector for selecting signal parameters provided for various aspects of the present application;

[0025] Figure 10 A signal flow diagram for configuring uplink transmission provided for various aspects of the present application;

[0026] Figure 11A A first table associating two-bit combinations with a first plurality of specific rolloff factors provided for various aspects of the present application;

[0027] Figure 11B a second table associating two-bit combinations with a second plurality of specific roll-off factors as provided for aspects of the present application;

[0028] Figure 12 A signal flow diagram for configuring downlink transmission is provided for various aspects of the present application. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0029] For purposes of explanation, specific exemplary embodiments are explained in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0030] The embodiments described herein represent information sufficient to practice the claimed subject matter and illustrate methods of practicing such subject matter. After reading the following description in light of the accompanying drawings, those skilled in the art will understand the concepts of the claimed subject matter and will recognize that applications of these concepts are not specifically addressed herein. It should be understood that these concepts and applications are within the scope of the present invention and the appended claims.

[0031] Furthermore, it should be understood that any module, component, or device disclosed herein that executes instructions may include or otherwise access one or more non-transitory computer / processor readable storage media for storing information, such as computer / processor readable instructions, data structures, program modules, and / or other data. A non-exhaustive list of examples of non-transitory computer / processor readable storage media includes magnetic cassettes, magnetic tape, disk storage or other magnetic storage devices, compact disc read-only memory (CD-ROM), digital video disc or digital versatile disc (DVD), Blu-ray TMOptical discs, or other optical storage, volatile and non-volatile, removable and non-removable media implemented in any method or technology, random-access memory (RAM), read-only memory (ROM), electrically erasable programmable read-only memory (EEPROM), flash memory or other storage technology. Any such non-transitory computer / processor storage medium can be part of a device, or can be accessed or connected to a device. Computer / processor readable / executable instructions for implementing the applications or modules described herein can be stored or otherwise maintained by such non-transitory computer / processor readable storage medium.

[0032] refer to Figure 1 , a simplified schematic diagram of a communication system is provided as a non-limiting illustrative example. Communication system 100 includes a radio access network 120. Radio access network 120 can be a next-generation (e.g., sixth generation (6G) or higher) radio access network, or a legacy (e.g., 5G, 4G, 3G, or 2G) radio access network. One or more communication electronic devices (EDs) 110a, 110b, 110c, 110d, 110e, 110f, 110g, 110h, 110i, 110j (generally referred to as 110) can be interconnected with each other and can also be connected to one or more network nodes (170a, 170b, generally referred to as 170) in radio access network 120. Core network 130 can be part of the communication system and can be dependent on or independent of the radio access technology used in communication system 100. In addition, communication system 100 includes a public switched telephone network (PSTN) 140, the Internet 150, and other networks 160.

[0033] Figure 2An exemplary communication system 100 is shown. Typically, the communication system 100 enables multiple wireless or wired elements to transmit data and other content. The purpose of the communication system 100 may be to provide content such as voice, data, video and / or text through broadcast, multicast and unicast. The communication system 100 can operate by sharing resources such as carrier spectrum bandwidth among its constituent elements. The communication system 100 may include a terrestrial communication system and / or a non-terrestrial communication system. The communication system 100 can provide a wide range of communication services and applications (e.g., earth monitoring, remote sensing, passive sensing and positioning, navigation and tracking, autonomous delivery and mobility, etc.). The communication system 100 can provide a high degree of availability and stability through the joint operation of the terrestrial communication system and the non-terrestrial communication system. For example, integrating a non-terrestrial communication system (or its components) into a terrestrial communication system can form a heterogeneous network that can be considered to include multiple layers. Compared with traditional communication networks, heterogeneous networks can achieve better overall performance through efficient multi-link joint operation, more flexible function sharing, and faster physical layer link switching between terrestrial and non-terrestrial networks.

[0034] Ground communication systems and non-ground communication systems can be considered as subsystems of the communication system. Figure 2 In the example of FIG. 1 , a communication system 100 includes electronic devices (EDs) 110a, 110b, 110c, and 110d (generally referred to as EDs 110), radio access networks (RANs) 120a and 120b, a non-terrestrial communication network 120c, a core network 130, a public switched telephone network (PSTN) 140, the Internet 150, and other networks 160. RANs 120a and 120b include corresponding base stations (BSs) 170a and 170b, also generally referred to as terrestrial transmit and receive points (T-TRPs) 170a and 170b. Non-terrestrial communication network 120c includes an access node 172, also generally referred to as a non-terrestrial transmit and receive point (NT-TRP) 172.

[0035] Any ED 110 may alternatively or additionally be configured to connect, access, or communicate with any T-TRP 170a and 170b, as well as NT-TRP 172, the Internet 150, core network 130, PSTN 140, other network 160, or any combination thereof. In some examples, ED 110a may be configured to communicate uplink and / or downlink with T-TRP 170a via terrestrial air interface 190a. In some examples, EDs 110a, 110b, 110c, and 110d may also communicate directly with one another via one or more sidelink air interfaces 190b. In some examples, ED 110d may be configured to communicate uplink and / or downlink with NT-TRP 172 via non-terrestrial air interface 190c.

[0036] The air interfaces 190a and 190b may utilize similar communication technologies, such as any suitable radio access technology. For example, the communication system 100 may implement one or more channel access methods in the air interfaces 190a and 190b, such as code division multiple access (CDMA), space division multiple access (SDMA), time division multiple access (TDMA), frequency division multiple access (FDMA), orthogonal FDMA (OFDMA), single-carrier FDMA (SC-FDMA), or direct Fourier transform spread OFDMA (DFT-OFDMA). The air interfaces 190a and 190b may utilize other high-dimensional signal spaces, which may involve a combination of orthogonal and / or non-orthogonal dimensions.

[0037] The non-terrestrial air interface 190c can enable communication between ED 110d and one or more NT-TRPs 172 via a wireless link or a simple link. For some examples, the link is a dedicated connection for unicast transmission, a connection for broadcast transmission, or a connection between a group of EDs 110 and one or more NT-TRPs 175 for multicast transmission.

[0038] The RANs 120a and 120b communicate with the core network 130 to provide various services, such as voice, data, and other services, to the EDs 110a, 110b, and 110c. The RANs 120a and 120b and / or the core network 130 may communicate directly or indirectly with one or more other RANs (not shown), which may or may not be directly served by the core network 130 and may or may not utilize the same radio access technology as the RANs 120a and / or RAN 120b. The core network 130 may also serve as a gateway access between (i) the RANs 120a and 120b and / or the EDs 110a, 110b, and 110c, and (ii) other networks, such as the PSTN 140, the Internet 150, and other networks 160. Furthermore, some or all of the EDs 110a, 110b, and 110c may include functionality to communicate with different wireless networks over different wireless links using different radio technologies and / or protocols. Instead of (or in addition to) wireless communication, EDs 110a, 110b, and 110c may also communicate with a service provider or switch (not shown) and with the Internet 150 via wired communication channels. PSTN 140 may include a circuit-switched telephone network for providing plain old telephone service (POTS). Internet 150 may include a network of computers and / or subnets (intranets) and may include protocols such as the Internet Protocol (IP), Transmission Control Protocol (TCP), and User Datagram Protocol (UDP). EDs 110a, 110b, and 110c may be multimode devices capable of operating in accordance with multiple wireless access technologies and may include multiple transceivers necessary to support these technologies.

[0039] Figure 3Another example of an ED 110 and base stations 170a, 170b, and / or 170c is shown. ED 110 is used to connect people, objects, machines, and the like. ED 110 can be used in a wide variety of scenarios, such as cellular communications, device-to-device (D2D), vehicle-to-everything (V2X), peer-to-peer (P2P), machine-to-machine (M2M), machine-type communication (MTC), the Internet of Things (IoT), virtual reality (VR), augmented reality (AR), mixed reality (MR), metadata, digital twins, industrial control, autonomous driving, telemedicine, smart grids, smart furniture, smart offices, smart wearables, smart transportation, smart cities, drones, robotics, remote sensing, passive perception, positioning, navigation and tracking, automated delivery, and mobility.

[0040] Each ED 110 represents any suitable end-user device for wireless operation, which may include (or may be referred to as) user equipment / device (UE), wireless transmit / receive unit (WTRU), mobile station, fixed or mobile user unit, cellular phone, station (STA), machine type communication (MTC) device, personal digital assistant (PDA), smartphone, laptop, computer, tablet, wireless sensor, consumer electronic device, wearable device, such as a watch, head-mounted device, glasses, smart book, vehicle, car, truck, bus, train or IoT device, industrial equipment or device in the above devices (such as communication module, modem or chip), etc. The next generation ED 110 may be referred to using other terms. Base stations 170a and 170b are T-TRPs, hereinafter referred to as T-TRP 170. For example Figure 3 As shown, the NT-TRP is hereinafter referred to as NT-TRP 172. Each ED 110 connected to T-TRP 170 and / or NT-TRP 172 can be dynamically or semi-statically turned on (i.e., established, activated, or enabled), turned off (i.e., released, deactivated, or disabled), and / or configured in response to one of: connection availability and connection necessity.

[0041] ED 110 includes a transmitter 201 and a receiver 203 coupled to one or more antennas 204. Only one antenna 204 is shown. One, some, or all of the antennas 204 may also be panels. For example, transmitter 201 and receiver 203 may be integrated into a transceiver. A transceiver is used to modulate data or other content for transmission by at least one antenna 204 or a network interface controller (NIC). The transceiver may also be used to demodulate data or other content received via at least one antenna 204. Each transceiver includes any suitable structure for generating signals for wireless or wired transmission and / or for processing signals received via wireless or wired means. Each antenna 204 includes any suitable structure for transmitting and / or receiving wireless or wired signals.

[0042] ED 110 includes at least one memory 208. Memory 208 stores instructions and data used, generated, or collected by ED 110. For example, memory 208 may store software instructions or modules for implementing some or all of the functionality and / or embodiments described herein and executed by one or more processing units (e.g., processor 210). Each memory 208 includes any suitable one or more volatile and / or non-volatile storage and retrieval devices. Any suitable type of memory may be used, such as random access memory (RAM), read-only memory (ROM), a hard disk, an optical disk, a subscriber identity module (SIM) card, a memory stick, a secure digital (SD) memory card, an on-processor cache, and the like.

[0043] ED 110 may also include one or more input / output devices (not shown) or interfaces (e.g., Figure 1 The input / output devices may be used to interact with users or other devices on the network. Each input / output device may include any suitable structure for providing information to or receiving information from a user through operation, such as a speaker, microphone, keypad, keyboard, display, or touch screen, including network interface communications.

[0044] ED 110 includes a processor 210 for performing operations including those related to preparing transmissions for uplink transmissions to NT-TRP 172 and / or T-TRP 170, processing downlink transmissions received from NT-TRP 172 and / or T-TRP 170, and processing sidelink transmissions to and from another ED 110. Processing operations related to preparing transmissions for uplink transmissions may include encoding, modulation, transmit beamforming, and generating symbols for transmission. Processing operations related to processing downlink transmissions may include receive beamforming, demodulation, and decoding received symbols. Depending on the embodiment, the downlink transmission may be received by receiver 203, possibly using receive beamforming, and processor 210 may extract signaling from the downlink transmission (e.g., by detecting and / or decoding the signaling). An example of signaling may be a reference signal transmitted by NT-TRP 172 and / or T-TRP 170. In some embodiments, the processor 210 implements transmit beamforming and / or receive beamforming based on an indication of a beam direction, such as beam angle information (BAI), received from the T-TRP 170. In some embodiments, the processor 210 may perform operations related to network access (e.g., initial access) and / or downlink synchronization, such as operations related to detecting synchronization sequences, decoding, and acquiring system information. In some embodiments, the processor 210 may perform channel estimation, for example, using reference signals received from the NT-TRP 172 and / or the T-TRP 170.

[0045] Although not shown, the processor 210 may constitute a part of the transmitter 201 and / or a part of the receiver 203. Although not shown, the memory 208 may constitute a part of the processor 210.

[0046] The processor 210 and the processing components of the transmitter 201 and the receiver 203 can each be implemented by the same or different one or more processors, which are used to execute instructions stored in a memory (e.g., memory 208). Alternatively, the processor 210 and some or all of the processing components of the transmitter 201 and the receiver 203 can be implemented using dedicated circuits, such as a programmed field-programmable gate array (FPGA), a central processing unit (CPU), a graphics processing unit (GPU), or an application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC).

[0047] In some implementations, the T-TRP 170 may have other names, such as a base station, a base transceiver station (BTS), a wireless base station, a network node, a network device, a network-side device, a transmission / reception node, a node B, an evolved NodeB (eNodeB or eNB), a home eNodeB, a next generation NodeB (gNB), a transmission point (TP), a site controller, an access point (AP) or a wireless router, a relay station, a remote radio head, a ground node, a ground network device or a ground base station, a base band unit (BBU), a remote radio unit (RRU), an active antenna unit (AAU), a remote radio head (RRH), a central unit (CU), a distributed unit (DU), a positioning node, etc. The T-TRP 170 may be a macro base station, a micro base station, a relay node, a donor node, etc., or a combination thereof. The T-TRP 170 may refer to the aforementioned device or a means in the aforementioned device (eg, a communication module, a modem, or a chip).

[0048] In some embodiments, various components of the T-TRP 170 may be distributed. For example, some modules of the T-TRP 170 may be remote from the device housing the antenna 256 of the T-TRP 170 and may be coupled to the device housing the antenna 256 via a communication link (not shown), sometimes also referred to as fronthaul, such as a common public radio interface (CPRI). Thus, in some embodiments, the term T-TRP 170 may also refer to the network-side modules that perform processing operations such as ED 110 location determination, resource allocation (scheduling), message generation, and encoding / decoding. These modules are not necessarily part of the device housing the antenna 256 of the T-TRP 170. These modules may also be coupled to other T-TRPs. In some embodiments, the T-TRP 170 may actually be multiple T-TRPs that operate together to serve the ED 110, for example, using coordinated multi-point transmission.

[0049] like Figure 3As shown, T-TRP 170 includes at least one transmitter 252 and at least one receiver 254 coupled to one or more antennas 256. Only one antenna 256 is shown. One, some, or all of antennas 256 may also be panels. Transmitter 252 and receiver 254 may be integrated into a transceiver. T-TRP 170 also includes a processor 260 for performing operations including those related to preparing transmissions for downlink transmission to ED 110; processing uplink transmissions received from ED 110; preparing transmissions for backhaul transmission to NT-TRP 172; and processing transmissions received from NT-TRP 172 via the backhaul. Processing operations associated with preparing transmissions for downlink or backhaul transmissions may include operations such as encoding, modulation, precoding (e.g., multiple-input, multiple-output (MIMO) precoding), transmit beamforming, and generating symbols for transmission. Processing operations associated with processing received transmissions in the uplink or backhaul may include operations such as receive beamforming, demodulating received symbols, and decoding received symbols. The processor 260 may also perform operations related to network access (e.g., initial access) and / or downlink synchronization, such as generating the content of a synchronization signal block (SSB), generating system information, etc. In some embodiments, the processor 260 also generates an indication of a beam direction, such as a BAI, which may be scheduled for transmission by the scheduler 253. The processor 260 performs other network-side processing operations described herein, such as determining the location of the ED 110, determining the location at which the NT-TRP 172 is deployed, etc. In some embodiments, the processor 260 may generate signaling, such as configuring one or more parameters of the ED 110 and / or one or more parameters of the NT-TRP 172. Any signaling generated by the processor 260 is sent by the transmitter 252. It should be noted that the "signaling" used herein may also be referred to as control signaling. Dynamic signaling can be transmitted in a control channel, such as the physical downlink control channel (PDCCH), and static or semi-static higher-layer signaling can be included in packets transmitted in a data channel, such as the physical downlink shared channel (PDSCH).

[0050] The scheduler 253 may be coupled to the processor 260. The scheduler 253 may be included within the T-TRP 170 or may operate separately from the T-TRP 170. The scheduler 253 may schedule uplink transmissions, downlink transmissions, and / or backhaul transmissions, including issuing scheduling grants and / or configuring scheduling-free ("configuration grants") resources. The T-TRP 170 also includes a memory 258 for storing information and data. The memory 258 stores instructions and data used, generated, or collected by the T-TRP 170. For example, the memory 258 may store software instructions or modules for implementing some or all of the functionality and / or embodiments described herein and executed by the processor 260.

[0051] Although not shown, the processor 260 may constitute a part of the transmitter 252 and / or a part of the receiver 254. In addition, although not shown, the processor 260 may implement the scheduler 253. Although not shown, the memory 258 may constitute a part of the processor 260.

[0052] Processor 260, scheduler 253, the processing components of transmitter 252, and the processing components of receiver 254 can each be implemented by the same or different one or more processors that execute instructions stored in a memory (e.g., memory 258). Alternatively, processor 260, scheduler 253, and some or all of the processing components of transmitter 252 and receiver 254 can be implemented using dedicated circuitry, such as an FPGA, a CPU, a GPU, or an ASIC.

[0053] It should be noted that the NT-TRP 172 is shown as a drone only as an example, and the NT-TRP 172 can be implemented in any suitable non-ground form, such as a high-altitude platform, a satellite, a high-altitude platform serving as an international mobile communication base station, and an unmanned aerial vehicle, which will be discussed below. In addition, in some implementations, the NT-TRP 172 can have other names, such as a non-ground node, a non-ground network device, or a non-ground base station. The NT-TRP 172 includes a transmitter 272 and a receiver 274 coupled to one or more antennas 280. Only one antenna 280 is shown. One, some, or all of the antennas can also be panels. The transmitter 272 and the receiver 274 can be integrated into a transceiver. NT-TRP 172 also includes a processor 276 for performing operations related to preparing transmissions for downlink transmissions to ED 110; processing uplink transmissions received from ED 110; preparing transmissions for backhaul transmissions to T-TRP 170; and processing transmissions received from T-TRP 170 via the backhaul. Processing operations related to preparing transmissions for downlink or backhaul transmissions may include encoding, modulation, precoding (e.g., MIMO precoding), transmit beamforming, and generating symbols for transmission. Processing operations related to processing received transmissions in the uplink or backhaul may include receive beamforming, demodulating received signals, and decoding received symbols. In some embodiments, processor 276 implements transmit beamforming and / or receive beamforming based on beam direction information (e.g., BAI) received from T-TRP 170. In some embodiments, processor 276 may generate signaling, for example, to configure one or more parameters of ED 110. In some embodiments, NT-TRP 172 implements physical layer processing but does not implement higher-layer functionality, such as the functions of the medium access control (MAC) layer or the radio link control (RLC) layer. This is just one example; more generally, NT-TRP 172 may implement higher-layer functionality in addition to physical layer processing.

[0054] The NT-TRP 172 also includes a memory 278 for storing information and data. Although not shown, the processor 276 may constitute a part of the transmitter 272 and / or a part of the receiver 274. Although not shown, the memory 278 may constitute a part of the processor 276.

[0055] Processor 276 and the processing components of transmitter 272 and receiver 274 can each be implemented by the same or different one or more processors that execute instructions stored in a memory (e.g., memory 278). Alternatively, some or all of processor 276, the processing components of transmitter 272, and the processing components of receiver 274 can be implemented using dedicated circuitry, such as a programmed FPGA, CPU, GPU, or ASIC. In some embodiments, NT-TRP 172 can actually be multiple NT-TRPs that operate together to serve ED 110 via coordinated multi-point transmission, etc.

[0056] The T-TRP 170 , NT-TRP 172 , and / or ED 110 may include other components, but these components are omitted for clarity.

[0057] One or more steps of the embodiment methods provided herein may be performed based on Figure 4 The corresponding unit or module is executed. Figure 4 Units or modules in devices such as ED 110, T-TRP 170, or NT-TRP 172 are shown. For example, a signal can be sent by a sending unit or a sending module. A signal can be received by a receiving unit or a receiving module. A signal can be processed by a processing unit or a processing module. Other steps can be performed by an artificial intelligence (AI) or machine learning (ML) module. The corresponding units or modules can be implemented using hardware, one or more components or devices that execute software, or a combination thereof. For example, one or more of these units or modules can be integrated circuits, such as programmed FPGAs, CPUs, GPUs, ASICs. It should be understood that if the above modules are implemented using software for execution by a processor, etc., these modules can be retrieved by the processor in whole or in part as needed, retrieved individually or collectively for processing, retrieved in one or more instances as needed, and these modules themselves can include instructions for further deployment and instantiation.

[0058] Other details about ED 110, T-TRP 170, and NT-TRP 172 are known to those skilled in the art. Therefore, these details are omitted here.

[0059] An air interface typically includes multiple components and associated parameters that together specify how transmissions are sent and / or received over a wireless communication link between two or more communication devices. For example, an air interface may include one or more components that define one or more waveforms, one or more frame structures, one or more multiple access schemes, one or more protocols, one or more coding schemes, and / or modulation schemes for transmitting information (e.g., data) over a wireless communication link. A wireless communication link may support a link between a radio access network and a user equipment (e.g., a "Uu" link), and / or a wireless communication link may support a link between devices, such as a link between two user equipment (e.g., a "sidelink"), and / or a wireless communication link may support a link between a non-terrestrial (NT) communication network and a user equipment (UE). The following are some examples of the aforementioned components.

[0060] The waveform component can specify the shape and form of the transmitted signal. Waveform options can include orthogonal multiple access waveforms and non-orthogonal multiple access waveforms. Non-limiting examples of such waveform options include orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM), direct Fourier transform spread OFDM (DFT-s-OFDM), filtered OFDM (f-OFDM), time-windowed OFDM, filter bank multicarrier (FBMC), universal filtered multicarrier (UFMC), generalized frequency division multiplexing (GFDM), wavelet packet modulation (WPM), faster than Nyquist (FTN) waveforms, and low peak-to-average power ratio waveforms (low PAPR WF).

[0061] The frame structure component may specify the configuration of a frame or a group of frames. The frame structure component may indicate one or more of the time, frequency, pilot signature, code, or other parameters of the frame or the group of frames. Further details of the frame structure are discussed below.

[0062] The multiple access scheme component can specify multiple access technology options, including technologies that define how communication devices share a common physical channel, such as: TDMA; FDMA; CDMA; SDMA; OFDMA; SC-FDMA; Low Density Signature Multicarrier CDMA (LDS-MC-CDMA); Non-Orthogonal Multiple Access (NOMA); Pattern Division Multiple Access (PDMA); Lattice Partition Multiple Access (LPMA); Resource Spread Multiple Access (RSMA); and Sparse Code Multiple Access (SCMA). In addition, multiple access technology options may include: scheduled access versus unscheduled access (also known as unlicensed access); non-orthogonal multiple access versus orthogonal multiple access, for example, through dedicated channel resources (e.g., channel resources are not shared between multiple communication devices); contention-based shared channel resources versus non-contention-based shared channel resources, and cognitive radio-based access.

[0063] A hybrid automatic repeat request (HARQ) protocol component may specify how transmission and / or retransmissions are performed. Non-limiting examples of transmission and / or retransmission mechanism options include a mechanism for specifying the size of a scheduled data pipe, a signaling mechanism for transmission and / or retransmission, a retransmission mechanism, and the like.

[0064] The coding and modulation components can specify how the information being transmitted is encoded / decoded and modulated / demodulated for transmission / reception purposes. Coding can refer to methods of error detection and forward error correction. Non-limiting examples of coding options include turbo trellis codes, turbo product codes, fountain codes, low-density parity-check codes, and polar codes. Modulation can refer to just the constellation (e.g., including the modulation technique and order), or more specifically to various types of advanced modulation methods, such as hierarchical modulation and low PAPR modulation.

[0065] In some embodiments, the air interface can be a "one-size-fits-all" concept. For example, once the air interface is defined, the components within the air interface cannot be changed or adjusted. In some implementations, only limited parameters or modes of the air interface can be configured, such as the cyclic prefix (CP) length or the MIMO mode. In some embodiments, the air interface design can provide a unified or flexible framework to support frequency bands below 6 GHz and above 6 GHz (e.g., mmWave) for licensed and unlicensed access. For example, the flexibility of the configurable air interface provided by scalable numerology and symbol duration can optimize transmission parameters for different spectrum bands and different services / devices. For another example, the unified air interface can be self-contained in the frequency domain, and the frequency domain self-contained design can support more flexible RAN slicing by sharing channel resources in frequency and time for different services.

[0066] The frame structure is a characteristic of the physical layer of wireless communications. It defines the structure for time-domain signal transmission, for example, enabling timing reference and timing alignment for basic time-domain transmission units. Wireless communications between devices can occur over time-frequency resources controlled by the frame structure. The frame structure is sometimes referred to as the radio frame structure.

[0067] Depending on the frame structure and / or the configuration of the frames in the frame structure, frequency division duplex (FDD) and / or time division duplex (TDD) and / or full duplex (FD) communication can be achieved. FDD communication means that transmissions in different directions (e.g., uplink and downlink) are performed on different frequency bands. TDD communication means that transmissions in different directions (e.g., uplink and downlink) are performed for different durations. FD communication means that transmission and reception occur on the same time-frequency resources, that is, the device can transmit and receive on the same frequency resources at the same time.

[0068] An example of a frame structure is a frame structure specified for use in a known long-term evolution (LTE) cellular system, having the following specifications: each frame has a duration of 10 ms; each frame includes 10 subframes, each subframe has a duration of 1 ms; each subframe includes two time slots, each time slot has a duration of 0.5 ms; each time slot is used to transmit 7 OFDM symbols (assuming normal CP); each OFDM symbol has a symbol duration and a specific bandwidth (or a partial bandwidth or bandwidth partition) related to the number of subcarriers and the subcarrier spacing; the frame structure is based on OFDM waveform parameters such as the subcarrier spacing and the CP length (where the CP has a fixed length or a finite length option); the switching gap between uplink and downlink in TDD is specified as an integer time of the OFDM symbol duration.

[0069] Another example of a frame structure is the frame structure specified for use in a known new radio (NR) cellular system, with the following specifications: multiple subcarrier spacings are supported, each subcarrier spacing corresponds to a corresponding numerology; the frame structure depends on the numerology, but in any case, the frame length is set to 10ms, each frame includes 10 subframes, and the duration of each subframe is 1ms; the time slot is defined as 14 OFDM symbols, and the time slot length depends on the numerology. For example, the NR frame structure for a normal CP 15kHz subcarrier spacing ("numerology1") is different from the NR frame structure for a normal CP 30kHz subcarrier spacing ("numerology2"). The time slot length for a 15kHz subcarrier spacing is 1ms, and the time slot length for a 30kHz subcarrier spacing is 0.5ms. The NR frame structure may have greater flexibility than the LTE frame structure.

[0070] Another example of a frame structure is for a 6G network or higher. In a flexible frame structure, the duration of a symbol block may be defined as the minimum duration that can be scheduled in the flexible frame structure. A symbol block may be a transmission unit having an optional redundant portion (e.g., a CP portion) and an information (e.g., data) portion. An OFDM symbol is an example of a symbol block. A symbol block may also be referred to as a symbol. Embodiments of the flexible frame structure include different configurable parameters, such as frame length, subframe length, symbol block length, and the like. In some embodiments of the flexible frame structure, a non-exhaustive list of possible configurable parameters includes: frame length; subframe duration; time slot configuration; subcarrier spacing (SCS); flexible transmission duration of a basic transmission unit; and flexible switching gap.

[0071] The frame length does not need to be limited to 10ms, and the frame length can be configurable and change over time. In some embodiments, each frame includes one or more downlink synchronization channels and / or one or more downlink broadcast channels, and each synchronization channel and / or broadcast channel can be transmitted in different directions through different beamforming. The frame length can be more than one possible value and is configured according to the application scenario. For example, an autonomous vehicle may require relatively fast initial access. In this case, the frame length corresponding to the autonomous vehicle application can be set to 5ms. For another example, a smart meter on a house may not require fast initial access. In this case, the frame length corresponding to the smart meter application can be set to 20ms.

[0072] Depending on the implementation, subframes may or may not be defined in the flexible frame structure. For example, a frame may be defined to include time slots but not subframes. In frames where subframes are defined (e.g., for time domain alignment), the duration of the subframes may be configurable. For example, the subframe length may be configured to be 0.1ms, 0.2ms, 0.5ms, 1ms, 2ms, 5ms, etc. In some embodiments, if subframes are not required in a particular scenario, the subframe length may be defined to be the same as the frame length, or it may not be defined.

[0073] Depending on the implementation, time slots may or may not be defined in the flexible frame structure. In frames where time slots are defined, the definition of the time slots (e.g., duration and / or number of symbol blocks) may be configurable. In one embodiment, the time slot configuration is common to all UEs 110 or a group of UEs 110. For this case, time slot configuration information may be sent to UE 110 in a broadcast channel or one or more common control channels. In other embodiments, the time slot configuration may be UE-specific. In this case, the time slot configuration information may be transmitted in a UE-specific control channel. In some embodiments, the time slot configuration signaling may be transmitted together with the frame configuration signaling and / or subframe configuration signaling. In other embodiments, the time slot configuration may be transmitted independently of the frame configuration signaling and / or subframe configuration signaling. Typically, the time slot configuration may be system-shared, base station-shared, UE group-shared, or UE-specific.

[0074] The SCS may range from 15kHz to 480kHz. The SCS may vary with spectrum frequency and / or maximum UE speed to minimize the effects of Doppler shift and phase noise. In some examples, there may be separate transmit and receive frames, and the SCS of the symbols in the receive frame structure may be configured independently of the SCS of the symbols in the transmit frame structure. The SCS in the receive frame may be different from the SCS in the transmit frame. In some examples, the SCS of each transmit frame may be half the SCS of each receive frame. For example, when an inverse discrete Fourier transform (IDFT) is used instead of a fast Fourier transform (FFT) to achieve a more flexible symbol duration, if the SCS between the receive frame and the transmit frame is different, the difference does not have to be scaled by a factor of 2. Other examples of frame structures may be used with different SCSs.

[0075] The basic transmission unit can be a symbol block (also referred to as a symbol), which generally includes a redundant part (referred to as a CP) and an information (e.g., data) part. In some embodiments, the CP can be omitted from the symbol block. The CP length can be flexible and configurable. The CP length can be fixed or flexible within a frame, and the CP length can change with changes in frames, or with changes in frame groups, or with changes in subframes, or with changes in time slots, or dynamically with changes in scheduling. The information (e.g., data) part can be flexible and configurable. Another possible parameter related to the symbol block that can be defined is the ratio of the CP duration to the information (e.g., data) duration. In some embodiments, the symbol block length can be adjusted based on: channel conditions (e.g., multipath delay, Doppler); and / or delay requirements; and / or available duration. For example, the symbol block length can be adjusted to adapt to the available duration in the frame.

[0076] A frame may include a downlink portion for downlink transmissions from base station 170 and an uplink portion for uplink transmissions from UE 110. A gap, referred to as a switching gap, may exist between each uplink portion and the downlink portion. The switching gap length (duration) may be configurable. The switching gap duration may be fixed or flexible within a frame, and the switching gap duration may change from frame to frame, from frame group to frame, from subframe to subframe, from time slot to time slot, or dynamically as scheduling changes.

[0077] Equipment such as base station 170 can provide coverage on the cell. Wireless communication with the device can be carried out on one or more carrier frequencies. A carrier frequency can be called a carrier. A carrier can also be called a component carrier (CC). The characteristics of a carrier can be characterized by its bandwidth and reference frequency, for example, the center frequency, the lowest frequency, or the highest frequency of the carrier. A carrier can be on a licensed spectrum or an unlicensed spectrum. Wireless communication with the device can also or instead be carried out on one or more bandwidth parts (BWP). For example, a carrier can have one or more BWPs. More generally, wireless communication with the device can be carried out on a spectrum. The spectrum can include one or more carriers and / or one or more BWPs.

[0078] A cell may include one or more downlink resources and (optionally) one or more uplink resources. A cell may include one or more uplink resources and (optionally) one or more downlink resources. A cell may include one or more downlink resources and one or more uplink resources. For example, a cell may include only one downlink carrier / BWP, or only one uplink carrier / BWP, or multiple downlink carriers / BWPs, or multiple uplink carriers / BWPs, or one downlink carrier / BWP and one uplink carrier / BWP, or one downlink carrier / BWP and multiple uplink carriers / BWPs, or multiple downlink carriers / BWPs and one uplink carrier / BWP, or multiple downlink carriers / BWPs and multiple uplink carriers / BWPs. In some embodiments, alternatively or additionally, a cell may include one or more sidelink resources, for example, sidelink transmit resources and receive resources.

[0079] A BWP is a group of contiguous or non-contiguous frequency subcarriers on one carrier, or a group of contiguous or non-contiguous frequency subcarriers on multiple carriers, or a group of non-contiguous or contiguous frequency subcarriers, which may have one or more carriers.

[0080] In some embodiments, a carrier may have one or more BWPs. For example, a carrier may have a bandwidth of 20 MHz and consist of one BWP, or a carrier may have a bandwidth of 80 MHz and consist of two adjacent, contiguous BWPs, and so on. In other embodiments, a BWP may have one or more carriers. For example, a BWP may have a bandwidth of 40 MHz and consist of two adjacent, contiguous carriers, each of which has a bandwidth of 20 MHz. In some embodiments, a BWP may include non-contiguous spectrum resources consisting of multiple non-contiguous multi-carriers, where the first carrier in the non-contiguous multi-carriers may be in the mmW band, the second carrier may be in the low frequency band (e.g., the 2 GHz band), the third carrier (if present) may be in the THz band, and the fourth carrier (if present) may be in the visible light band. The resources in a carrier belonging to a BWP may be contiguous or non-contiguous. In some embodiments, a BWP has non-contiguous spectrum resources on a carrier.

[0081] Wireless communications can be performed over an occupied bandwidth. The occupied bandwidth can be defined as the width of a frequency band such that below a lower frequency limit and above an upper frequency limit, the average power transmitted is each equal to a specified percentage β / 2 of the total average transmitted power, for example, β / 2 is 0.5%.

[0082] The carrier, BWP or occupied bandwidth can be indicated by a network device (e.g., base station 170) dynamically (e.g., in physical layer control signaling such as known downlink control information (DCI)), semi-statically (e.g., in radio resource control (RRC) signaling or signaling in the medium access control (MAC) layer) or predefined according to an application scenario, or determined by UE 110 as a function of other parameters known to UE 110, or can be fixed by a standard, etc.

[0083] UE location information is commonly used in cellular communication networks to improve various network performance metrics. These can include capacity, agility, and efficiency, for example. These improvements are achieved when network elements leverage a priori information about the UE's location, behavior, and mobility patterns, describing the radio environment in which the UE is operating.

[0084] The perception system can be used to help collect UE posture information, including the UE's location in the global coordinate system, the UE's movement speed and direction in the global coordinate system, orientation information, and information about the wireless environment. "Location" is also called "positioning," and the two terms can be used interchangeably in this article. Examples of well-known perception systems include radio detection and ranging (RADAR) and light detection and ranging (LIDAR). Although perception systems are typically separate from communication systems, using an integrated system to collect information helps reduce the hardware (and cost) in the system and the time resources, frequency resources, or space resources required to perform both functions. However, using communication system hardware to perform perception of UE posture and environmental information is a very challenging and unsolved problem. The difficulty of this problem is related to factors such as the limited resolution of the communication system, the dynamics of the environment, and the need to estimate the electromagnetic properties and positions of a large number of objects.

[0085] Therefore, perception-communication integration (also called communication-awareness integration) is a desirable feature in existing and future communication systems.

[0086] Any or all of the EDs 110 and BSs 170 may be sensing nodes in the system 100. A sensing node is a network entity that performs sensing by sending and receiving sensing signals. Some sensing nodes are communication devices that perform both communication and sensing. However, some sensing nodes may not perform communication but are dedicated to sensing. Sensing agent 174 is an example of a sensing node dedicated to sensing. Unlike ED 110 and BS 170, sensing agent 174 does not send or receive communication signals. However, sensing agent 174 can transmit configuration information, sensing information, signaling information, or other information within the communication system 100. Sensing agent 174 can communicate with core network 130 to transmit information with the rest of the communication system 100. For example, sensing agent 174 can determine the location of ED 110a and send that information to base station 170a via core network 130. Although Figure 2 Only one perceptual agent 174 is shown, but any number of perceptual agents may be implemented in the communication system 100. In some embodiments, one or more perceptual agents may be implemented in one or more RANs 120.

[0087] The sensing node can combine sensing-based technologies with reference signal-based technologies to enhance UE posture determination. This type of sensing node can also be called a sensing management function (SMF). In some networks, the SMF can also be called a location management function (LMF). The SMF can be implemented as a physically independent entity located at the core network 130 and connected to multiple BSs 170. In other aspects of the present application, the SMF can be implemented as a logical entity co-located in the BS 170 by logic executed by the processor 260.

[0088] like Figure 5 As shown, when implemented as physically separate entities, SMF 176 includes at least one processor 290, at least one transmitter 282, at least one receiver 284, one or more antennas 286, and at least one memory 288. Transceivers (not shown) may be used in place of transmitter 282 and receiver 284. Scheduler 283 may be coupled to processor 290. Scheduler 283 may be included within SMF 176 or may operate separately from SMF 176. Processor 290 implements various processing operations of SMF 176, such as signal encoding, data processing, power control, input / output processing, or any other functionality. Processor 290 may also be used to implement some or all of the functionality and / or embodiments described in greater detail herein. Each processor 290 comprises any suitable processing or computing device for performing one or more operations. For example, each processor 290 may comprise a microprocessor, a microcontroller, a digital signal processor, a field programmable gate array, or an application-specific integrated circuit.

[0089] Reference signal-based attitude determination techniques fall within the "active" attitude estimation paradigm. In the active attitude estimation paradigm, an interrogator of attitude information (e.g., UE 110) participates in the process of determining the interrogator's attitude. The interrogator may send or receive (or both) signals specific to the attitude determination process. Positioning techniques based on global navigation satellite systems (GNSS), such as the well-known Global Positioning System (GPS), are other examples of the active attitude estimation paradigm.

[0090] In contrast, perception technologies based on radar, for example, can be considered to fall into the “passive” attitude determination paradigm, where the target is insensitive to the attitude determination process.

[0091] By integrating perception and communication into one system, the system does not need to operate according to a single paradigm. Therefore, a combination of perception-based techniques and reference signal-based techniques can enhance attitude determination.

[0092] For example, enhanced posture determination can include obtaining UE channel subspace information, which is particularly useful for UE channel reconstruction at the sensing node, especially for beam-based operation and communication. The UE channel subspace is a subset of the entire algebraic space defined in the spatial domain, in which the entire channel from TP to UE lies. Therefore, the UE channel subspace defines the TP to UE channel with very high accuracy. The contribution of signals transmitted on other subspaces to the UE channel is negligible. Understanding the UE channel subspace helps reduce the work required for channel measurement at the UE and channel reconstruction on the network side. Therefore, compared with traditional methods, the combination of sensing-based techniques and reference signal-based techniques can achieve UE channel reconstruction with much less overhead. Subspace information can also facilitate subspace-based sensing to reduce sensing complexity and improve sensing accuracy.

[0093] In some embodiments of the integrated sensing and communication technology, the same radio access technology (RAT) is used for both sensing and communication, which avoids the need to reuse two different RATs on one carrier spectrum, or the need for two different carrier spectrums for two different RATs.

[0094] In an embodiment of integrated awareness and communication under one RAT, a first set of channels may be used to transmit awareness signals, and a second set of channels may be used to transmit communication signals. In some embodiments, each channel in the first set of channels and each channel in the second set of channels is a logical channel, a transport channel, or a physical channel.

[0095] At the physical layer, communication and perception can be performed through separate physical channels. For example, a first physical downlink shared channel (PDSCH-C) is defined for data communication, while a second physical downlink shared channel (PDSCH-S) is defined for perception. Similarly, separate physical uplink shared channels (PUSCH) can be defined, with PUSCH-C and PUSCH-S used for uplink communication and perception.

[0096] In another example, the same PDSCH and PUSCH can also be used for communication and perception, where separate logical layer channels and / or transport layer channels are defined for communication and perception. It should be noted that one or more control channels and one or more data channels used for perception can have the same or different channel structures (formats) and occupy the same or different frequency bands or bandwidth portions.

[0097] In another example, a common physical downlink control channel (PDCCH) and a common physical uplink control channel (PUCCH) can be used to carry control information for sensing and communication. Alternatively, separate physical layer control channels can be used to carry separate control information for communication and sensing. For example, PUCCH-S and PUCCH-C can be used for uplink control of sensing and communication, respectively, and PDCCH-S and PDCCH-C can be used for downlink control of sensing and communication, respectively.

[0098] At each of the physical, transport, and logical layers, different combinations of shared and dedicated channels for sensing and communication may be used.

[0099] Terrestrial communication systems can also be referred to as land-based or ground-based communication systems, although terrestrial communication systems can also or conversely be implemented on or in the water. Non-terrestrial communication systems can bridge the coverage gap in underserved areas by expanding the coverage of cellular networks using non-terrestrial nodes. This will be key to establishing seamless global coverage and providing mobile broadband services to unserved / underserved areas. Currently, it is difficult to implement terrestrial access point / base station infrastructure in oceans, mountains, forests, or other remote areas.

[0100] A terrestrial communication system may be a wireless communication system that uses 5G technology and / or next-generation wireless technology (e.g., 6G or higher). In some examples, the terrestrial communication system may also be compatible with some traditional wireless technologies (e.g., 3G or 4G wireless technologies). A non-terrestrial communication system may be a communication system that uses a satellite constellation, such as a traditional geostationary orbit (GEO) satellite that broadcasts public / popular content to a local server. A non-terrestrial communication system may be a communication system that uses low earth orbit (LEO) satellites, which are known to achieve a good balance between large coverage areas and propagation path loss / delay. A non-terrestrial communication system may be a communication system that uses stabilized satellites in very low earth orbit (VLEO) technology, thereby significantly reducing the cost of launching satellites into lower orbits. A non-terrestrial communication system may be a communication system that uses a high altitude platform (HAP), which is known to provide a low path loss air interface for users with limited power budgets. Non-terrestrial communication systems can be communication systems that use unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) (or unmanned aerial systems (UASs)) to achieve dense deployment because their coverage can be limited to a local area, for example, airborne equipment, balloons, quadcopters, drones, etc. In some examples, GEO satellites, LEO satellites, UAVs, HAPs, and VLEOs can be horizontal and two-dimensional. In some examples, UAVs, HAPs, and VLEOs can be coupled to integrate satellite communications into cellular networks. Emerging 3D vertical networks consist of many mobile (except geostationary satellites) and high-altitude access points such as UAVs, HAPs, and VLEOs.

[0101] MIMO technology enables antenna arrays composed of multiple antennas to transmit and receive signals, meeting high transmission rate requirements. ED 110 and T-TRP 170 and / or NT-TRP can utilize MIMO to communicate over radio resource blocks. MIMO utilizes multiple antennas at the transmitter to transmit radio resource blocks over parallel radio signals. This allows the use of multiple antennas at the receiver. MIMO can beamform parallel radio signals to achieve reliable multipath transmission within a radio resource block. MIMO can also bundle parallel radio signals carrying different data to increase the data rate within a radio resource block.

[0102] In recent years, a MIMO (massive MIMO) wireless communication system having a T-TRP 170 and / or NT-TRP 172 configured with a large number of antennas has received widespread attention from academia and industry. In a massive MIMO system, the T-TRP 170 and / or NT-TRP 172 is typically configured with more than 10 antenna elements (see Figure 3 256 and antenna 280 in the T-TRP 170). The T-TRP 170 and / or NT-TRP 172 are typically used to serve dozens (for example, 40) of EDs 110. The large number of antenna units of the T-TRP 170 and NT-TRP 172 can greatly improve the spatial freedom of wireless communication, greatly improve the transmission rate, spectrum efficiency and power efficiency, and greatly reduce inter-cell interference. The increase in the number of antennas allows each antenna unit to be made with a smaller size and lower cost. By utilizing the spatial freedom provided by the large-scale antenna units, the T-TRP 170 and NT-TRP 172 of each cell can communicate with multiple EDs 110 in the cell simultaneously on the same time-frequency resources, thereby greatly improving spectrum efficiency. The large number of antenna units of the T-TRP 170 and / or NT-TRP 172 also enables each user to have better spatial directivity for uplink and downlink transmissions, thereby reducing the transmission power of the T-TRP 170 and / or NT-TRP 172 and ED 110 and improving power efficiency accordingly. When the number of antennas in T-TRP 170 and / or NT-TRP 172 is sufficient, the random channels between each ED 110 and T-TRP 170 and / or NT-TRP 172 can be nearly orthogonal, thereby reducing the impact of interference and noise between cells and users. These advantages make massive MIMO promising for broad application prospects.

[0103] A MIMO system may include a receiver connected to a receive (Rx) antenna, a transmitter connected to a transmit (Tx) antenna, and a signal processor connected to the transmitter and receiver. Each of the Rx antenna and the Tx antenna may include multiple antennas. For example, the Rx antenna may have a uniform linear array (ULA) antenna, in which multiple antennas are arranged in a row at even intervals. When a radio frequency (RF) signal is transmitted through the Tx antenna, the Rx antenna may receive the signal reflected and returned from the forward target.

[0104] In some embodiments of a MIMO system, a non-exhaustive list of possible elements or possible configurable parameters includes: a panel; a beam.

[0105] A panel is a unit of an antenna group, or a unit of an antenna array or an antenna subarray, which can independently control a transmit beam or a receive beam.

[0106] The beam can be formed by performing amplitude and / or phase weighting on the data sent or received by at least one antenna port. The beam can be formed by other methods, for example, adjusting the relevant parameters of the antenna unit. The beam may include a Tx beam and / or an Rx beam. The transmit beam represents the distribution of signal strength in different directions in space after the signal is transmitted through the antenna. The receive beam represents the distribution of signal strength in different directions in space of the wireless signal received from the antenna. The beam information may include a beam identifier, an antenna port identifier, a channel state information reference signal (CSI-RS) resource identifier, an SSB resource identifier, a sounding reference signal (SRS) resource identifier, or other reference signal resource identifiers.

[0107] It should be noted that in some applications, low-bit quantization can be considered important. In fact, low-bit quantization can be considered important for both DAC and ADC applications. In the downlink direction, it is known that some receivers in UE 110 have limited capabilities and are therefore only able to implement low-bit quantization ADC. Similarly, in the uplink direction, it is known that some transmitters in UE 110 have limited capabilities and are therefore only able to implement low-bit quantization DAC.

[0108] Various aspects of the present application relate to improving BLER performance using frequency-domain spectral shaping (FDSS) and guard bands with tone reservation (TR) when low-bit quantization is used at the DAC / ADC components. FDSS may be generally referred to as "pulse shaping." The use of FDSS helps to limit the Peak-to-Average Power Ratio (PAPR) of a given waveform. The use of FDSS also helps to limit signal variations around the average power. It is known that guard bands can be used as protection from in-band radiation. Additionally, subcarriers may be used in the guard bands as tone reservation (TR). The use of such subcarriers minimizes PAPR or signal variations around the average power. Alternatively, these subcarriers may be used to reduce the PAPR of the real component (I) and the imaginary component (Q), respectively.

[0109] Figure 6FIG6 is a block diagram of an exemplary transmitter 600 for a single carrier offset quadrature amplitude modulation (SC-OQAM) signal. Initially, an IQ separation block 602 receives K QAM symbols. A DFT block 604 receives the output of the IQ separation block 602. An FDSS block 606 receives the output of the DFT block 604. Block 608 receives the output of the FDSS block 606, where a guard band (GB) or TR symbols may be inserted. A subcarrier mapping block 610 receives the output of the GB or TR insertion block 608. An N-IDFT block 612 receives the output of the subcarrier mapping block 610. Block 614 receives the output of the N-IDFT block 612, where a cyclic prefix (CP) is added to produce the desired SC-OQAM signal.

[0110] Figure 7 FIG2 is a block diagram of an exemplary transmitter 700 for a DFT-s-OFDM signal. Initially, a K-DFT block 702 receives K QAM symbols. A frequency domain (FD) repetition block 704 receives the output of the K-DFT block 702. An FDSS block 706 receives the output of the FD repetition block 704. Block 708 receives the output of the FDSS block 706, where GB or TR symbols may be inserted. A subcarrier mapping block 710 receives the output of the GB or TR insertion block 708. An N-IDFT block 712 receives the output of the subcarrier mapping block 710. Block 714 receives the output of the N-IDFT block 712, where a cyclic prefix (CP) is added to produce the desired DFT-s-OFDM signal.

[0111] Figure 8 Pulse shaping and GB allocation in the frequency domain are shown. It is known that a bandwidth can be allocated to a given UE 110. In practice, the allocated bandwidth can be expressed as the number of subcarriers, BW. Within the allocated BW subcarriers, a given UE 110 can use K subcarriers to transmit K symbols. The given UE 110 can partially use pulse shaping to extend the K subcarriers to M subcarriers. In the SC-OQAM transmitter 600, the combination of the IQ separation block 602, the DFT block 604, and the FDSS block 606 can extend the K symbols to the M subcarriers. In the DFT-s-OFDM transmitter 700, the combination of the K-IDFT block 702, the FD repetition block 704, and the FDSS block 606 can extend the K symbols to the M subcarriers.

[0112] In the case where M subcarriers among the allocated BW subcarriers are used to carry K symbols, the remaining BW-M subcarriers can be used as a guard band. As mentioned above, the guard band can be used for subcarrier reservation.

[0113] Figure 8 As mentioned above, it can be considered that a given signal can be represented by K symbols. Figure 8 In the frequency domain representation of , the K subcarriers designated to carry K symbols can be understood as being included in the frequency range associated with reference numeral 802. By implementing the pulse shaping discussed above, the K symbols can be carried by M subcarriers. Figure 8 In the frequency domain representation of , the M subcarriers designated to carry K symbols after pulse shaping can be understood to be contained within the frequency range associated with reference numeral 804. Recall that BW subcarriers may be allocated for a given UE 110. Figure 8 In the frequency domain representation of , the allocated BW subcarriers can be understood as being contained within the frequency range associated with reference numeral 806. Figure 8 In the frequency domain representation of , half of the BW-M subcarriers are used for guard bands on either end of the frequency domain representation of the pulse-shaped signal.

[0114] The implementation of pulse shaping that allows K symbols to be carried by M subcarriers can be described as having a "roll-off factor". The roll-off factor can be represented by the Greek letter α. The roll-off factor α can be defined by M and K, such as More generally, the roll-off factor α can be defined as a function f of the ratio of M to K, i.e. There is a predictable relationship between the roll-off factor and the signal variation at the transmitter output. In fact, an increase in the roll-off factor is associated with a decrease in the signal variation.

[0115] In low bit quantization, a reduction in signal variation improves BLER performance. That is, an increase in the roll-off factor is conveniently associated with a reduced error rate.

[0116] It is known that guard bands can be used for subcarrier reservation. Using subcarrier reservation can reduce signal variance. It is also known that guard bands can be used to reduce the variance of real and imaginary components. It is also known that guard bands can be used to reduce "in-band emissions."

[0117] The implementation of the guard band can be defined by the guard band factor β. The guard band (GB) factor β varies as a function of the ratio g of M to BW, i.e.

[0118] The known BW is to be allocated by BS 170 to UE 110. Based on the capability parameters associated with UE 110, UE 110 may select UE signal parameters to share with BS 170. Figure 9 The mechanism by which UE 110 can select UE signal parameters is shown. Specifically, Figure 9 1 . A UE signal parameter selector 904 is shown. The UE signal parameter selector 904 receives as input a UE capability parameter 902 associated with the UE 110. For example, the UE capability parameter 902 may include an indication of the number of quantization bits and a required PAPR specification. The UE capability parameter 902 associated with the UE 110 may differ depending on the BW, modulation-coding scheme (MCS), or modulation order. The output of the UE signal parameter selector 904 is at least one UE signal parameter. More likely, the output of the UE signal parameter selector 904 is a plurality of UE signal parameters. For example, the UE signal parameter may include a minimum roll-off factor and minimum GB factor

[0119] Figure 10 1004) UE signal parameters to BS 170. As described above, the UE signal parameters may include a minimum roll-off factor. and minimum GB factor More specifically, the UE signal parameters may include one or more minimum roll-off factors α min and one or more minimum GB factors β min . In fact, in one example, UE 110 may indicate two minimum roll-off factors to BS 170, wherein each of the two minimum roll-off factors is associated with a series of specific BWs. In another example, UE 110 may indicate two minimum roll-off factors to BS 170, wherein each of the two minimum roll-off factors is associated with a series of specific MCS indices. In yet another example, UE 110 may indicate two minimum roll-off factors to BS 170, wherein each of the two minimum roll-off factors is associated with a series of specific modulation orders. It should be understood that for more than two ranges of a particular parameter or a combination of parameter ranges, more than two minimum roll-off factors may be communicated. Although the above specifically mentions the minimum roll-off factor, it should be understood that the UE signal parameters indicated by UE 110 to BS 170 may additionally or alternatively include more than one minimum GB factor.

[0120] After receiving (step 1006) the UE signal parameters, BS 170 may select (step 1008) UE signal generation parameters for allocation to UE 110. BS 170 may select (step 1008) UE signal generation parameters based on α in the UE signal parameters received in step 1006. min and / or β min To select (step 1008) UE signal generation parameters.

[0121] For a first example, consider that BS 170 has received (step 1006) from UE 110 a first minimum roll-off factor and the second minimum roll-off factor The first minimum roll-off factor will be associated with a BW greater than or equal to an example threshold of 100 radio resource blocks, and the second minimum roll-off factor will be associated with a BW less than an example threshold of 100 radio resource blocks. As bandwidth increases, a parameter called the "oversampling ratio" decreases. It's known that a decrease in the oversampling ratio is associated with a decrease in the number of effective quantization bits. Therefore, it can be argued that a larger bandwidth may require a lower PAPR waveform. Furthermore, a larger bandwidth may require a larger minimum roll-off factor. Similarly, a larger bandwidth may require a larger minimum GB factor.

[0122] Figure 11A A first table 1100A is shown as associating two-bit combinations with a first plurality of specific roll-off factors from which the BS 170 may select (step 1008). The first plurality of specific roll-off factors is based on a first minimum roll-off factor Figure 11B A second table 1100B is shown as associating two-bit combinations with a second plurality of specific roll-off factors from which the BS 170 may select (step 1008). The second plurality of specific roll-off factors is based on the second minimum roll-off factor

[0123] When selecting (step 1008) UE signal generation parameters, BS 170 may first select a desired BW. Then, based on the value of the selected BW relative to an example threshold of 100 radio resource blocks, BS 170 may select a first table 1100A ( Figure 11A ) or the second form 1100B ( Figure 11B ). After selecting the appropriate table, BS 170 may then select a roll-off factor a from the four (in this two-bit case) available roll-off factors in the selected table.

[0124] For the second example, consider that BS 170 has received (step 1006) from UE 110 a first minimum roll-off factor and the second minimum roll-off factor The first minimum roll-off factor will be associated with those MCS indices that are greater than or equal to an example threshold of 10, and the second minimum roll-off factor will be associated with those MCS indices that are less than an example threshold of 10. A larger MCS index may require a lower PAPR waveform. In addition, a larger MCS index may require a larger minimum roll-off factor. Similarly, a larger MCS index may require a larger minimum GB factor.

[0125] When selecting (step 1008) UE signal generation parameters, BS 170 may first select a desired MCS index. Then, based on the value of the selected MCS index relative to an example threshold of 10, BS 170 may select a first table 1100A ( Figure 11A ) or the second form 1100B ( Figure 11B ). After selecting the appropriate table, BS 170 may then select a roll-off factor a from the four (in this two-bit case) available roll-off factors in the selected table.

[0126] For a third example, consider that BS 170 has received (step 1006) from UE 110 a first minimum roll-off factor and the second minimum roll-off factor The first minimum roll-off factor will be associated with those modulation orders that are greater than or equal to the exemplary threshold of 16QAM, and the second minimum roll-off factor will be associated with those modulation orders that are less than the exemplary threshold of 16QAM. A larger modulation order may require a waveform with lower PAPR. Furthermore, a larger modulation order may require a larger minimum roll-off factor. Similarly, a larger modulation order may require a larger minimum GB factor.

[0127] When selecting (step 1008) UE signal generation parameters, BS 170 may first select a desired modulation order. Then, based on the value of the selected modulation order relative to the example threshold of 16QAM, BS 170 may select the first table 1100A ( Figure 11A ) or the second form 1100B ( Figure 11B ). After selecting the appropriate table, BS 170 may then select a roll-off factor a from the four (in this two-bit case) available roll-off factors in the selected table.

[0128] After completing the selection of the UE signal generation parameters (step 1008), BS 170 may send (step 1010) an indication of the UE signal generation parameters to UE 110. The indication of the UE signal generation parameters may include an indication of the MCS index, an indication of the selected roll-off factor α, an indication of the selected GB factor β, and an indication of the BW. The indication of the selected roll-off factor α may be represented as a two-bit indication, as shown in conjunction with Table 1100A ( Figure 11A ) and 1100B( Figure 11B ). The indication of the selected GB factor β may be represented using a two-bit indication, in a manner consistent with the representation of the selected roll-off factor α. After receiving (step 1012) the indication of the UE signal generation parameters, UE 110 may generate (step 1014) an uplink signal using the received UE signal generation parameters. UE 110 may then transmit (step 1016) the uplink signal to BS 170. After receiving (step 1018) the uplink signal, in step 1010, BS 170 may decode (step 1020) the uplink signal based at least in part on the UE signal generation parameters transmitted to UE 110.

[0129] Figure 12 A signal flow diagram for configuring downlink transmissions is shown. For example, once UE 110 selects (step 1202) a UE signal parameter set using UE signal parameter selector 904, UE 110 may transmit (step 1204) the UE signal parameter set to BS 170. After receiving (step 1206) the UE signal parameters, BS 170 may select (step 1208) a BS signal generation parameter set. BS 170 may then transmit (step 1210) an indication of the selected BS signal generation parameter set to UE 110.

[0130] With step 1010 ( Figure 10 ), the BS signal generation parameter indication may include an MCS index indication, an indication of a selected roll-off factor α, an indication of a selected GB factor β, and an indication of BW.

[0131] After sending (step 1210) an indication of the selected BS signal generation parameter set to UE 110, BS 170 may generate (step 1214) a downlink signal based on the selected BS signal generation parameter set. BS 170 may then send (step 1216) the downlink signal to UE 110. After receiving (step 1218) the downlink signal, UE 110 may decode the downlink signal based on the BS signal generation parameters received in step 1212 (step 1220).

[0132] exist Figure 10Step 1002 and Figure 12 In step 1202, UE 110 selects a UE signal parameter set. So far, the UE signal parameters discussed include one or more minimum roll-off factors α, and / or one or more minimum GB factors β.

[0133] According to various aspects of this application, Figure 10 Step 1002 and Figure 12 In step 1202, the candidate UE signal parameters are selected. The candidate UE signal parameters may be referred to as "BW spreading ratio BWE". The BW spreading ratio BWE may be defined as a function of BW and K According to aspects of the present application, UE 110 need not indicate to BS 170 the exact value of the BW extension ratio BWE, possibly given the capabilities of UE 110. Instead, UE 110 may send to BS 170 ( Figure 10 Step 1004, Figure 12 In step 1204), the BS 170 indicates whether the BW spreading ratio BWE selected by the BS 170 may exceed the threshold value γ. This indication can be accomplished using a single bit. One value of the single bit can be referred to as an anti-overthreshold indication, and another value of the bit can be referred to as an allowable overthreshold indication.

[0134] According to aspects of the present disclosure, the ability of UE 110 to handle selected BW spreading ratios BWE exceeding or not exceeding a threshold γ may be used to establish whether to use one or more of pulse shaping (FDSS) and TR for signal transmission.

[0135] For one example, if UE 110 selects ( Figure 10 Step 1002 or Figure 12 In step 1202, the UE 110 indicates the ability to process only those BW spreading ratios (BWE) that do not exceed a threshold value γ. When the UE 110 transmits (step 1016) an uplink signal or when the BS 170 transmits (step 1216) a downlink signal, either FDSS or TR may be used. The UE 110 may also select which of FDSS or TR is preferred. The UE 110 may use a single bit to indicate which of FDSS or TR is preferred.

[0136] For another example, if UE 110 selects ( Figure 10 Step 1002 or Figure 12 In step 1202 of ), the UE 110 indicates a capability of processing a BW spreading ratio BWE exceeding a threshold γ, and FDSS and TR may be used when the UE 110 transmits (step 1016) an uplink signal or when the BS 170 transmits (step 1216) a downlink signal.

[0137] For those scenarios where both FDSS and TR are used, it is helpful to establish a consensus FDSS to TR ratio when transmitting signals (either uplink or downlink). In practice, multiple consensus FDSS to TR ratios can be defined for UE 110. In scenarios where two consensus FDSS to TR ratios have been defined, UE 110 can use a single bit to indicate to BS 170 which of the two consensus FDSS to TR ratios is preferred. The larger FDSS is preferred. A split can be defined that establishes 75% FDSS and 25% TR. Such a split can be referred to as a FDSS to TR ratio of 0.75. An alternative split can be defined that establishes 90% FDSS and 10% TR. Such a split can be referred to as a FDSS to TR ratio of 0.9.

[0138] Once UE 110 has selected (step 1002) the UE signal parameters, UE 110 may transmit (step 1004) the UE signal parameters to BS 170. As described above, the UE signal parameters may be a two-bit value, where the first bit indicates whether the BW spreading ratio BWE selected by BS 170 may exceed a threshold γ, and the second bit indicates which of the two agreed-upon FDSS to TR ratios is preferred.

[0139] After receiving (step 1006) the UE signal parameters, BS 170 may select (step 1008) UE signal generation parameters for allocation to UE 110. BS 170 may select (step 1008) the UE signal generation parameters based on a 1-bit indication of whether the BW spreading ratio (BWE) to be selected by BS 170 may exceed a threshold value γ. If the BW spreading ratio may exceed the threshold value γ, BS 170 may further select (step 1008) the UE signal generation parameters based on a 1-bit indication of which of the two agreed-upon FDSS to TR ratios is preferred. If the BW spreading ratio may exceed the threshold value γ, BS 170 may further select (step 1008) the UE signal generation parameters based on a 1-bit indication of which of the two agreed-upon FDSS to TR ratios is preferred.

[0140] When selecting (step 1008) UE signal generation parameters, BS 170 may select an MCS index, a BW spreading ratio, and a BW. After completing the selection of the UE signal generation parameters (step 1008), BS 170 may send (step 1010) an indication of the UE signal generation parameters to UE 110. The indication of the UE signal generation parameters may include an indication of the selected MCS index, an indication of the selected BW spreading ratio, and an indication of the selected BW.

[0141] For those cases where UE 110 will use both pulse shaping and guard bands, BS 170 sends (step 1010) an indication of UE signal generation parameters, which may include parameters related to the ratio between pulse shaping and guard bands. These parameters may include the parameters {BW, K, M} (see Figure 8 ) or a combination of these parameters, for example, or

[0142] After receiving (step 1012) an indication of the UE signal generation parameters, UE 110 may generate (step 1014) an uplink signal using the received UE signal generation parameters. UE 110 may then transmit (step 1016) the uplink signal to BS 170. After receiving (step 1018) the uplink signal, BS 170 may decode (step 1020) the uplink signal based at least in part on the UE signal generation parameters transmitted to UE 110 in step 1010.

[0143] Once UE 110 has selected (step 1202) the UE signal parameters, UE 110 may send (step 1204) the UE signal parameters to BS 170. As described above, the UE signal parameters may be a two-bit value, where the first bit indicates whether the BW spreading ratio BWE selected by BS 170 may exceed a threshold γ, and the second bit indicates which of the two agreed-upon FDSS to TR ratios is preferred.

[0144] After receiving (step 1206) the UE signal parameters, BS 170 may select (step 1208) a BS signal generation parameter set. When selecting (step 1208) the BS signal generation parameters, BS 170 may select an MCS index, a BW spreading ratio, and a BW. After completing the selection of the UE signal generation parameters (step 1208), and in the same manner as in step 1010 ( Figure 10 ), BS 170 may send (step 1210) an indication of BS signal generation parameters to UE 110 in a manner consistent with the indication of UE signal generation parameters sent in step 1210. The indication of BS signal generation parameters may include an indication of a selected MCS index, an indication of a selected BW spreading ratio, and an indication of a selected BW.

[0145] For those cases where BS 170 will use both pulse shaping and guard bands, an indication of BS signal generation parameters is sent (step 1210) by BS 170, which may include parameters related to the ratio between pulse shaping and guard bands. These parameters may include the parameters {BW, K, M} (see Figure 8 ) or a combination of these parameters.

[0146] After sending (step 1210) an indication of the selected BS signal generation parameter set to UE 110, BS 170 may generate (step 1214) a downlink signal based on the selected BS signal generation parameter set. BS 170 may then send (step 1216) the downlink signal to UE 110. After receiving (step 1218) the downlink signal, UE 110 may decode the downlink signal based on the BS signal generation parameters received in step 1212 (step 1220).

[0147] In various aspects of the present application, the signal parameters ( Figure 10 Step 1004) may include a threshold γ, parameters related to applying FDSS, and an indication that the bandwidth extension ratio is less than or not greater than the threshold γ.

[0148] In various aspects of the present application, the signal parameters ( Figure 10 Step 1004) may include a threshold γ, a parameter related to applying subcarrier reservation, and an indication that the bandwidth extension ratio is less than or not greater than the threshold γ.

[0149] In various aspects of the present application, the signal parameters ( Figure 10 Step 1004) may include a threshold γ, parameters related to applying FDSS and subcarrier reservation, and an indication that the bandwidth extension ratio is greater than or not less than the threshold γ.

[0150] It should be understood that one or more steps of the embodiment method provided herein can be performed by corresponding units or modules. For example, data can be sent by a sending unit or a sending module. Data can be received by a receiving unit or a receiving module. Data can be processed by a processing unit or a processing module. Each unit or module can be hardware, software, or a combination thereof. For example, one or more units / modules can be an integrated circuit, such as a field programmable gate array (FPGA) or an application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC). It should be understood that if these modules are software, these modules can be retrieved in whole or in part by a processor as needed, retrieved individually or collectively for processing, retrieved in one or more instances as needed, and these modules themselves can include instructions for further deployment and instantiation.

[0151] Although features are shown in the illustrated embodiments, not all features need to be combined to achieve the advantages of the various embodiments of the present invention. In other words, a system or method designed according to an embodiment of the present invention does not necessarily include all features shown in any of the figures or all parts shown schematically in the figures. In addition, selected features of one exemplary embodiment may be combined with selected features of other exemplary embodiments.

[0152] Although the present invention has been described with reference to illustrative embodiments, this description is not intended to be construed in a limiting sense. Various modifications and combinations of the illustrative embodiments, as well as other embodiments of the invention, will be apparent to those skilled in the art upon reference to this specification. Accordingly, the appended claims encompass any such modifications or embodiments.

Claims

1. A method for performing at a device, characterized in that The method comprises: sending a plurality of indications of signal parameters to a network element, wherein the signal parameters are selected based on capabilities of the device, the signal parameters comprising at least one of a minimum roll-off factor and a minimum protection factor; receiving a plurality of indications of signal generation parameters from the network element; A signal is sent, wherein the signal is generated according to the signal generation parameters.

2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that The plurality of indications of the signal parameter are associated with a series of specific modulation and coding scheme indices.

3. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that The plurality of indications of the signal parameter are associated with a range of specific bandwidths.

4. The method according to claim 1, wherein The plurality of indications of the signal parameter are associated with a series of particular modulation orders.

5. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that The plurality of indications of the signal parameter include a threshold value.

6. The method according to claim 5, characterized in that The plurality of indications of the signal parameters include an indication that the signal generation parameters are expected to include parameters related to applying frequency-domain spectral shaping, and an indication that the bandwidth extension ratio is less than or not greater than the threshold.

7. The method according to claim 5, characterized in that The plurality of indications of the signal parameters include an indication that the signal generation parameters include parameters related to providing subcarrier reservation, and an indication that the bandwidth extension ratio is less than or not greater than the threshold.

8. The method according to claim 5, characterized in that The plurality of indications of the signal parameters include parameters related to applying frequency-domain spectrum shaping and providing subcarrier reservation, and an indication that the bandwidth extension ratio is greater than or not less than the threshold.

9. The method according to claim 8, characterized in that The plurality of indications of the signal parameters further include an indication of a ratio between frequency-domain spectral shaping of the total bandwidth and subcarrier reservation.

10. The method according to claim 9, characterized in that The indication of the ratio comprises an indication of one of a plurality of preconfigured ratios.

11. A method for performing at a network element, characterized in that The method comprises: receiving a plurality of indications of signal parameters from the device; sending a plurality of indications of signal generation parameters to the device, wherein the signal generation parameters are selected based at least in part on the signal parameters, the signal generation parameters comprising at least one of a selected roll-off factor and a selected protection factor; Receive signals; The signal is decoded according to the signal generation parameters.

12. The method according to claim 11, characterized in that The plurality of indications of the signal parameter include a threshold value.

13. The method according to claim 12, characterized in that The plurality of indications of the signal parameters include an indication that the signal generation parameters are expected to include parameters related to applying frequency-domain spectral shaping, and an indication that the bandwidth extension ratio is less than or not greater than the threshold.

14. The method according to claim 12, characterized in that The plurality of indications of the signal parameters include an indication that the signal generation parameters include parameters related to providing subcarrier reservation, and an indication that the bandwidth extension ratio is less than or not greater than the threshold.

15. The method according to claim 12, characterized in that The plurality of indications of the signal parameters include parameters related to applying frequency-domain spectrum shaping and providing subcarrier reservation, and an indication that the bandwidth extension ratio is greater than or not less than the threshold.

16. The method according to claim 15, characterized in that The plurality of indications of the signal parameters further include an indication of a ratio between frequency-domain spectral shaping of the total bandwidth and subcarrier reservation.

17. The method according to claim 16, characterized in that The indication of the ratio comprises an indication of one of a plurality of preconfigured ratios.

18. A method for performing at a device, characterized in that The method comprises: sending a plurality of indications of signal parameters to a network element, wherein the signal parameters are selected based on capabilities of the device, the signal parameters comprising at least one of a minimum roll-off factor and a minimum protection factor; receiving a plurality of indications of signal generation parameters from the network element, wherein the signal generation parameters are selected based at least in part on the signal parameters, the signal generation parameters comprising at least one of a selected roll-off factor and a selected protection factor; Receive signals; The signal is decoded according to the signal generation parameters.

19. A method for performing at a network element, characterized in that The method comprises: receiving a plurality of indications of signal parameters from a device, wherein the signal parameters are selected by the device based on capabilities of the device, the signal parameters comprising at least one of a minimum roll-off factor and a minimum protection factor; sending a plurality of indications of signal generation parameters to the device, wherein the signal generation parameters are selected based at least in part on the signal parameters, the signal generation parameters comprising at least one of a selected roll-off factor and a selected protection factor; A signal is sent, wherein the signal is generated according to the signal generation parameters.

20. A device, characterized in that include: processor; A computer-readable storage medium having computer-executable instructions stored therein, wherein when the computer-executable instructions are executed by the processor, the method according to any one of claims 1 to 19 is executed.

21. A non-transitory computer-readable storage medium, characterized in that The computer-readable storage medium stores instructions which, when executed by a processor of an apparatus, cause the apparatus to perform any one of claims 1 to 19.

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