Water-saving irrigation device for farmland construction

Abstract

The invention relates to a water-saving irrigation device for farmland construction. The water-saving irrigation device comprises a main pipe; the branch pipe is communicated with the main pipe; the atomizing nozzles are arranged on the branch pipes; the drip irrigation heads are arranged at the ends, away from the main pipe, of the branch pipes; the lifting mechanism is connected with one side, away from the branch pipe, of the main pipe; the nozzle switching mechanism is arranged in each branch pipe; the nozzle switching mechanism comprises a linkage rod, a first plugging piece and a second plugging piece; the linkage rod is slidably arranged in the branch pipe in a penetrating mode in the length direction of the branch pipe. The first plugging piece is arranged on the linkage rod and corresponds to the atomizing nozzle in position; and the second plugging piece is arranged on the linkage rod and corresponds to the drip irrigation head in position. By using different nozzles, different water absorption modes of crops under different conditions are met, the two modes are switched as required, and the utilization rate of water resources is remarkably increased.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of farmland planting equipment, and in particular relates to a water-saving irrigation device used for farmland construction. Background Art

[0002] In the field of greenhouse cultivation, atomizing irrigation devices have been widely used to achieve scientific planting and water conservation goals. By atomizing water into fine particles and spraying them evenly around crops, they can reduce the water waste of traditional flood irrigation methods, while creating a suitable humidity environment for crop growth, and to a certain extent meet the needs of water-saving irrigation. However, existing atomizing irrigation devices have obvious design flaws. Most of them are directly fixed in a specific position inside the greenhouse. Their height and angle cannot be flexibly adjusted according to the growth status of the crops, lack dynamic adaptability to the crop growth cycle, and have shortcomings in the targeted water supply.

[0003] The irrigation needs of crops show significant diversity, which is reflected not only in the differences at different growth stages, but also in the differences under different crop types and specific planting requirements. From the perspective of the growth stage, in the seedling stage, plants are short and have sparse leaves. Water absorption mainly depends on roots to absorb from the soil. At this time, a large amount of atomized water floats in the air and is difficult to be effectively absorbed, resulting in a waste of water resources. As crops grow, plant height, number of leaves and density change. Fixed atomizing nozzles cannot match the changes in plant height, resulting in a misalignment between irrigation position and crop needs. From the perspective of planting requirements, some crops have higher requirements for the precise supply of soil moisture throughout the growth cycle. They need water to act directly on the root area of ​​the soil to improve absorption efficiency. However, existing atomizing irrigation devices are mostly based on a single atomization method, and a large amount of water is dispersed in the air. It is difficult to meet the needs of such crops for precise soil moisture replenishment, which not only reduces the efficiency of water resource utilization, but also restricts the targeted and scientific nature of irrigation, and is difficult to adapt to the diverse needs of farmland greenhouse planting. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a water-saving irrigation device for farmland construction to solve the problems existing in the background technology.

[0005] In order to achieve the above technical objectives, the technical solutions adopted by the present invention are as follows: A water-saving irrigation device for farmland construction, comprising: director; A plurality of branch pipes are connected to the main pipe in sequence along the length direction of the main pipe; A plurality of atomizing nozzles are respectively arranged on each of the branch pipes; A plurality of drip irrigation heads are respectively arranged at one end of each branch pipe away from the main pipe; A lifting mechanism is connected to a side of the main pipe away from the branch pipe, and is used to drive the main pipe to move up and down; A plurality of nozzle switching mechanisms are respectively arranged inside each branch pipe, and are used to control the communication between the atomizing nozzle and the drip irrigation head and the water flow inside the branch pipe; The nozzle switching mechanism includes a linkage rod, a first blocking member and a second blocking member; The connecting rod is slidably arranged inside the branch pipe along the length direction of the branch pipe; The first blocking member is provided on the linkage rod, and the position of the first blocking member corresponds to the position of the atomizing nozzle; The second blocking member is arranged on the linkage rod, and the position of the second blocking member corresponds to the position of the drip irrigation head.

[0006] Optionally, the first blocking member is annular and abuts against the inner wall of the branch pipe, and the first blocking member can completely cover the connection between the atomizing nozzle and the branch pipe; A funnel-shaped protrusion is provided on the inner wall of the branch pipe at a side of the first blocking member away from the main pipe, with the large opening of the protrusion facing the direction of the main pipe; The second blocking member is arranged on the side of the protrusion facing the large opening, and the side of the second blocking member facing the protrusion is a conical setting matching the internal space of the protrusion; The positions of the first blocking member and the second blocking member correspond to each other, so that when the second blocking member abuts against the protrusion, the position of the first blocking member and the position where the atomizing nozzle is connected to the branch pipe are staggered.

[0007] Optionally, a descaling block corresponding to the small opening of the protrusion is provided on a side of the second blocking member facing the protrusion.

[0008] Optionally, the side of the second blocking member away from the protrusion is arranged as a plane perpendicular to the central axis of the branch pipe, so that the side of the second blocking member away from the protrusion forms a contact horizontal plane perpendicular to the water flow, so that the second blocking member abuts against the protrusion under the impact of the water flow; The connecting rod passes through the main pipe along the length direction of the branch pipe, and the connecting rod is in sealing and sliding connection with the main pipe; A reset component is connected between the portion of the branch pipe passing through the main pipe and the lifting mechanism.

[0009] Optionally, the reset component includes: a first connecting plate, sleeved on the branch pipe; a second connecting plate, arranged on the lifting mechanism; An elastic member is connected between the first connecting plate and the second connecting plate.

[0010] Optionally, the branch pipe includes a first pipe body and a second pipe body; The first tube body is in communication with the main tube, and the second tube body is located at an end of the first tube body away from the main tube; The first tube body is made of a hard material, and the atomizing nozzle is located on the first tube body; The second tube body is made of a flexible material, and the drip irrigation head is located at the end of the second tube body; The portion of the connecting rod located inside the second tube is made of flexible material.

[0011] Optionally, the drip irrigation head includes: The shell is threadedly sleeved on the end of the branch pipe; a water outlet channel, located at the center of the shell; A descaling support rod is provided at the end of the linkage rod, and the descaling support rod penetrates into the water outlet channel.

[0012] Optionally, the branch pipe is detachably connected to the main pipe.

[0013] Optionally, the lifting mechanism includes: a support plate, located on one side of the main pipe; A plurality of collars are respectively sleeved on the main pipe, and the collars are fixedly connected to the support plate; Two servo motors are installed on the top of the greenhouse; Two capstans are respectively connected to the output ends of the two servo motors; Two pull ropes are respectively connected to the two winches, and one end of the pull rope is fixedly connected to the support plate.

[0014] Beneficial effects of the present invention: The synergistic effect of the nozzle switching mechanism and water pressure control enables strict, mutually exclusive switching between atomized and drip irrigation modes. Low water pressure automatically activates drip irrigation, meeting the needs of seedling crops and those requiring precise soil moisture, reducing water loss and waste. High water pressure switches to atomized irrigation, adapting to the leaf absorption and humidification needs of crops during the lush foliage phase. Switching between the two modes on demand significantly improves water resource utilization.

[0015] The descaling block of the second sealing part can clear the small opening of the protrusion when the mode is switched. The descaling support rod at the end of the linkage rod cleans the water outlet channel of the drip irrigation head with the movement, effectively preventing blockage problems caused by fertilizer residue or impurities, reducing maintenance frequency, and ensuring long-term and stable operation of the irrigation system.

[0016] The branch pipe adopts a segmented design. The rigid first pipe ensures the stability of the atomizing nozzle, and the flexible second pipe improves the adaptability of the drip irrigation head. The branch pipe and the main pipe are detachably connected, which facilitates the adjustment of the layout according to the planting density and crop type, and improves the adaptability of the device to different planting needs.

[0017] Mode switching relies on the mechanical balance between water pressure and elastic parts, eliminating the need for complex electronic control components and reducing the risk of failure. The mechanical transmission structure of the lifting mechanism is simple and reliable, and the overall device has low manufacturing costs and easy maintenance, making it suitable for promotion and application in various types of farmland greenhouses. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0018] The present invention is further illustrated by means of the following non-limiting examples.

[0019] Figure 1 This is a structural schematic diagram of a water-saving irrigation device for farmland construction according to the present invention; Figure 2 for Figure 1 Schematic diagram of the enlarged structure at A in the middle; Figure 3 This is a partial structural diagram of a water-saving irrigation device for farmland construction according to the present invention; Figure 4 This is a partial cross-sectional structural diagram of a water-saving irrigation device for farmland construction according to the present invention; Figure 5 for Figure 4 Schematic diagram of the enlarged structure at B in the middle; Figure 6 for Figure 4 Schematic diagram of the enlarged structure at C in the middle; Figure 7 for Figure 4 Schematic diagram of the enlarged structure at D in the middle; Figure 8 for Figure 1 Schematic diagram of the enlarged structure at E in the middle; The main component symbols are described as follows: Main pipe 11, branch pipe 12, first tube body 121, second tube body 122, atomizing nozzle 13, drip irrigation head 14, shell 141, water outlet channel 142, lifting mechanism 2, support plate 21, collar 22, servo motor 23, winch 24, pull rope 25, nozzle switching mechanism 3, connecting rod 31, first blocking member 32, second blocking member 33, protrusion 34, horizontal surface connection 35, descaling block 36, descaling support rod 37, reset assembly 4, first connecting plate 41, second connecting plate 42, elastic member 43. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0020] The following will be combined with the drawings in the embodiments of this application to clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of this application. Obviously, the embodiments described are only part of the embodiments of this application, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments in this application, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without making creative efforts are within the scope of protection of this application.

[0021] like Figure 1-8 As shown, a water-saving irrigation device for farmland construction includes: Supervisor 11; A plurality of branch pipes 12 are connected to the main pipe 11 in sequence along the length direction of the main pipe 11; A plurality of atomizing nozzles 13 are respectively arranged on each branch pipe 12; A plurality of drip irrigation heads 14 are respectively arranged at one end of each branch pipe 12 away from the main pipe 11; The lifting mechanism 2 is connected to the side of the main pipe 11 away from the branch pipe 12 and is used to move the main pipe 11 up and down; Multiple nozzle switching mechanisms 3 are respectively arranged inside each branch pipe 12, and are used to control the communication between the atomizing nozzle 13 and the drip irrigation head 14 and the water flow inside the branch pipe 12; The nozzle switching mechanism 3 includes a linkage rod 31, a first blocking member 32 and a second blocking member 33; The connecting rod 31 is slidably disposed inside the branch pipe 12 along the length direction of the branch pipe 12; The first blocking member 32 is provided on the linkage rod 31 , and the position of the first blocking member 32 corresponds to the position of the atomizing nozzle 13 ; The second blocking member 33 is disposed on the linkage rod 31 , and the position of the second blocking member 33 corresponds to the position of the drip irrigation head 14 .

[0022] The main pipe 11 is the system's primary water channel, receiving water from an external source and distributing it to the various branch pipes 12. As the main water supply for the entire irrigation system, it must possess a certain pressure-bearing capacity to ensure stable water flow to each branch structure, providing basic water pressure support for subsequent atomization or drip irrigation modes.

[0023] Multiple branch pipes 12 connect to the main pipe 11 in sequence along its length, forming a distributed water delivery network. These branch pipes 12 further distribute the water flow from the main pipe 11 to various irrigation terminals (atomizing nozzles 13 and drip irrigation nozzles 14). The branch pipes' distribution density can be tailored to the crop layout within the greenhouse to ensure irrigation coverage of the entire growing area. Furthermore, the branch pipes 12 provide mounting space for the nozzle switching mechanism 3, serving as the structural support for switching between the two irrigation modes.

[0024] Atomizing nozzles 13 are installed on each branch pipe 12. Their core function is to atomize the water flow conveyed by branch pipes 12 into fine particles and then spray them around the crops. This atomization method increases the contact area between water and air, reducing damage to crops caused by the impact of water flow. It also provides direct water supply to crop leaves and regulates the air humidity in the greenhouse. It is suitable for use in environments where crops have dense leaves and high humidity requirements during the growth stage.

[0025] Drip nozzles 14 are installed at the end of each branch pipe 12, away from the main pipe 11. They are primarily used to deliver water in the form of drops directly to the soil near the crop roots. Compared to atomizing nozzles 13, drip nozzles 14 reduce water loss through airborne dispersion and evaporation, achieving precise soil moisture replenishment. This is particularly suitable for crops in the seedling stage (with few leaves and relying primarily on roots for water absorption) or for crops that require high precision in soil moisture throughout their growth cycle, effectively improving water resource utilization.

[0026] Lifting mechanism 2 is connected to the side of main pipe 11 away from branch pipe 12. Its core function is to indirectly adjust the height of branch pipe 12, atomizing nozzle 13, and drip irrigation nozzle 14 by driving main pipe 11 up and down. Because crop heights vary significantly at different growth stages, lifting mechanism 2 can adjust the height of the irrigation terminal in real time based on the crop's growth status, ensuring that the spraying range of atomizing nozzle 13 matches the distribution area of ​​crop leaves and that the dripping position of drip irrigation nozzle 14 aligns with the root soil, thus avoiding irrigation misalignment caused by fixed height.

[0027] Specifically, the lifting mechanism 2 includes: A support plate 21 is located on one side of the main pipe 11; A plurality of collars 22 are respectively sleeved on the main pipe 11, and the collars 22 are fixedly connected to the support plate 21; Two servo motors 23 are installed on the top of the planting greenhouse; Two capstans 24 are connected to the output ends of the two servo motors 23 respectively; Two pull ropes 25 are connected to the two winches 24 respectively, and one end of the pull rope 25 is fixedly connected to the support plate 21 .

[0028] The support plate 21 is located on one side of the main pipe 11 and serves as a carrier for transmitting the lifting force. It evenly transmits the tension of the pull rope 25 to the main pipe 11, ensuring that the main pipe 11 remains horizontal and stable during the lifting process, avoiding pipeline tilting or deformation due to uneven force.

[0029] Multiple collars 22 are respectively mounted on the main pipe 11 and fixedly connected to the support plate 21. The collars 22 are used to rigidly connect the support plate 21 and the main pipe 11 into one body, ensuring the relative position of the main pipe 11 and the branch pipe 12 is stable during the lifting process, thereby avoiding affecting the normal operation of the nozzle switching mechanism 3.

[0030] Two servo motors 23, mounted on the roof of the greenhouse, serve as the power source for the lifting mechanism. By precisely controlling the speed and direction of rotation, the servo motors 23 adjust the length of the pull cord 25, thereby precisely controlling the height of the main pipe 11 to accommodate changes in plant height at different growth stages (e.g., from the short height of a seedling to the tall height of a mature plant).

[0031] Two winches 24 are connected to the output terminals of two servo motors 23 (also fixed to the roof of the greenhouse). Their function is to convert the rotational motion of the servo motors 23 into the linear retraction and extension motion of the ropes 25. The diameter of the winches 24 is designed to match the load-bearing requirements of the ropes 25, ensuring uniform force on the ropes 25 during retraction and extension, and preventing breakage due to excessive local tension.

[0032] Two pull ropes 25 are connected to the two capstans 24, with their other ends fixedly connected to the support plate 21. The pull ropes 25 act as a force transmission medium. When the servo motor 23 drives the capstans 24 to rotate, the pull ropes 25 raise the support plate 21 and the main pipe 11 by retracting them (shortening them), or lower them under the action of gravity by releasing them (extending them), thus dynamically adjusting the height of the irrigation system.

[0033] The lifting mechanism ensures the smoothness of the lifting process and the accuracy of height adjustment through the symmetrical design of dual motors and dual capstans, so that the atomizing nozzle 13 and the drip irrigation head 14 can always match the growth height of crops, improving the pertinence and effectiveness of irrigation from a spatial dimension.

[0034] In an optional embodiment, the lifting mechanism 2 is further provided with a stopper (not shown) to prevent the device from swaying. For example, a telescopic rod may be connected between the support plate 21 and the top of the greenhouse, or corresponding slide grooves and sliders may be provided on the support plate 21 and the edge of the greenhouse (the greenhouse bracket) to prevent swaying. Alternatively, a vertical stopper rod may be provided in the greenhouse, over which the support plate 21 slides, thereby preventing the device from swaying. Because various anti-sway stopper configurations are possible and all are simple and easy to understand existing structures, a detailed description and accompanying drawings are omitted.

[0035] The nozzle switching mechanism 3 is the core component for realizing the mutually exclusive switching between the atomization irrigation and drip irrigation modes, and includes a linkage rod 31, a first blocking member 32 and a second blocking member 33: The linkage rod 31 is slidably disposed inside the branch pipe 12 along the length direction thereof, and serves as a linkage carrier for the first blocking member 32 and the second blocking member 33. The linkage rod 31 can drive the two blocking members to move synchronously through its own axial movement. The first blocking member 32 is provided on the linkage rod 31 and is positioned corresponding to the atomizing nozzle 13. The first blocking member 32 blocks or opens the atomizing nozzle 13 by cooperating with the connection between the atomizing nozzle 13 and the branch pipe 12. The second blocking member 33 is also provided on the linkage rod 31 , and its position corresponds to the drip irrigation head 14 . The second blocking member 33 is configured to block or open the drip irrigation head 14 by cooperating with the internal structure of the branch pipe 12 .

[0036] Through the above structural design, the nozzle switching mechanism 3 can ensure that the two irrigation modes are strictly mutually exclusive: when the atomizing nozzle 13 is turned on, the drip irrigation head 14 must be in the closed state; conversely, when the drip irrigation head 14 is turned on, the atomizing nozzle 13 must be closed, avoiding water resource waste or irrigation effect conflict caused by the simultaneous operation of the two modes.

[0037] Specifically, the first blocking member 32 is annular and abuts against the inner wall of the branch pipe 12, and the first blocking member 32 can completely cover the connection between the atomizing nozzle 13 and the branch pipe 12; A funnel-shaped protrusion 34 is provided on the inner wall of the branch pipe 12 on the side of the first blocking member 32 away from the main pipe 11, with the large opening of the protrusion 34 facing the direction of the main pipe 11; The second blocking member 33 is arranged on the side of the protrusion 34 facing the wide opening, and the side of the second blocking member 33 facing the protrusion 34 is a conical setting that matches the internal space of the protrusion 34; The first blocking member 32 and the second blocking member 33 are positioned correspondingly so that when the second blocking member 33 abuts the protrusion 34 , the position of the first blocking member 32 and the position where the atomizing nozzle 13 communicates with the branch pipe 12 are staggered.

[0038] The first blocking member 32 is designed as a circular ring that abuts the inner wall of the branch pipe 12. Its size matches the connection between the atomizing nozzle 13 and the branch pipe 12 and can completely cover the connection. The core function of this structural design is to achieve a sealed blockage of the atomizing nozzle 13 through physical blocking: when the first blocking member 32 is aligned with the connection, it can block the water flow in the branch pipe 12 from entering the atomizing nozzle 13, thereby turning off the atomizing irrigation mode; and when the first blocking member 32 is misaligned with the connection, the water flow can enter the atomizing nozzle 13 through the connection, turning on the atomizing irrigation mode. The close fit of the circular ring shape to the inner wall of the branch pipe 12 can not only ensure the sealing of the blockage, but also reduce the resistance to the water flow in the branch pipe 12, avoiding water flow turbulence caused by structural protrusions.

[0039] A funnel-shaped projection 34 is installed on the inner wall of the branch pipe 12, on the side of the first sealing member 32 facing away from the main pipe 11. The wide opening of the projection 34 faces the main pipe 11. This structure primarily serves to provide a sealing surface for the second sealing member 33 while simultaneously guiding the water flow within the branch pipe 12 toward the drip head 14. The funnel-shaped design reduces energy loss in this area, ensuring a stable flow toward the drip head 14 even under low water pressure. The wide opening facing the main pipe 11 also allows space for the second sealing member 33 to move, facilitating a seal with the projection 34 under the action of water pressure.

[0040] The second sealing member 33 is positioned on the side of the protrusion 34 facing the wide opening. The side facing the protrusion 34 features a conical design that matches the internal space of the protrusion 34. This combination of conical and funnel-shaped surfaces creates a tight seal when the second sealing member 33 abuts the protrusion 34, blocking the flow of water to the drip nozzle 14 and thus disabling the drip irrigation mode. Furthermore, the positions of the first and second sealing members 32 and 33 are linked in a coordinated relationship. When the second sealing member 33 abuts the protrusion 34 (sealing the drip irrigation channel), the first sealing member 32 moves with the linkage rod 31 to a position intersecting with the connection with the atomizing nozzle 13, opening the atomization channel. Conversely, when the second sealing member 33 separates from the protrusion 34 (opening the drip irrigation channel), the first sealing member 32 aligns and blocks the atomization channel. This coordinated design structurally ensures the strict mutual exclusion between the atomization and drip irrigation modes, preventing water waste or functional conflicts caused by activating both modes simultaneously.

[0041] In summary, the cooperation between the first blocking member 32, the funnel-shaped protrusion 34 and the second blocking member 33 is the core mechanical structure for realizing the precise switching between the two irrigation modes. Through the complementary geometric shapes and the linkage relationship of the positions, it not only ensures the sealing of the blocking, but also realizes the reliability of the mode switching.

[0042] Furthermore, a descaling block 36 corresponding to the small opening of the protrusion 34 is provided on a side of the second blocking member 33 facing the protrusion 34 .

[0043] A descaling block 36 corresponding to the small opening of the protrusion 34 is provided on the side of the second blocking member 33 facing the protrusion 34. This structure is a targeted design to address the problem of easy blockage of the pipeline during irrigation.

[0044] To improve planting efficiency in greenhouse irrigation, fertilizer is often added to water to create a water-fertilizer mixture. Solid particles or sediment in this mixture can easily accumulate in small pipe diameters (such as the small opening of bump 34). Long-term use can lead to blockage in the drip irrigation channel, affecting the normal water flow of the drip irrigation head 14.

[0045] The descaling block 36 solves this problem precisely: its size matches the small opening of the protrusion 34. When the second sealing member 33 moves toward the protrusion 34 under the action of water pressure and finally abuts against it, the descaling block 36 simultaneously passes through the small opening of the protrusion 34. In this process, the descaling block 36 can physically clean the dirt, sediment, or fertilizer residue attached to the inner wall of the small opening, pushing the blockage away from the small opening area, ensuring the unobstructed flow of the drip irrigation channel.

[0046] This design combines the mode switching action with the pipe clearing function. No additional cleaning operation is required. The key blockage points can be cleared every time the mode is switched to the atomization mode (the second sealing member 33 abuts the protrusion 34). This effectively reduces irrigation interruptions caused by blockages, extends the maintenance cycle of the device, and ensures the stability of the drip irrigation mode in long-term use.

[0047] Furthermore, the side of the second blocking member 33 away from the protrusion 34 is arranged as a plane perpendicular to the central axis of the branch pipe 12, so that the side of the second blocking member 33 away from the protrusion 34 forms a contact horizontal surface 35 perpendicular to the water flow, so that the second blocking member 33 abuts against the protrusion 34 under the impact of the water flow; The connecting rod 31 passes through the main pipe 11 along the length direction of the branch pipe 12, and the connecting rod 31 is in sealing and sliding connection with the main pipe 11; A reset assembly 4 is connected between the portion of the branch pipe 12 passing through the main pipe 11 and the lifting mechanism 2 .

[0048] The side of the second sealing member 33, facing away from the bump 34, is designed as a plane perpendicular to the central axis of the branch pipe 12, forming a contact surface 35 that faces the water flow vertically. The core function of this structure is to efficiently convert water pressure into mechanical force to propel the second sealing member 33 by increasing the surface area impacted by the water flow. When the water pressure in the branch pipe 12 increases, the water flow impacts the contact surface 35 vertically, generating a thrust along the length of the branch pipe 12 (toward the bump 34). This forces the second sealing member 33 to overcome resistance and move toward the bump 34, ultimately sealing against it and switching from drip irrigation mode to atomization mode. The vertical plane design minimizes energy loss from the water flow impact, ensuring that the water pressure signal is accurately converted into mechanical action, and providing a reliable power transmission foundation for switching between the two water pressure control modes.

[0049] The connecting rod 31 extends through the main pipe 11 along the length of the branch pipe 12 and maintains a sealed sliding connection with the main pipe 11. The primary purpose of this design is to achieve linkage between the connecting rod 31 and the external reset assembly 4: one end of the connecting rod 31 connects to the first and second sealing members 32 and 33 (located within the branch pipe 12), while the other end extends outside the main pipe 11 and engages with the reset assembly 4, allowing the elastic force of the reset assembly 4 to be transmitted through the connecting rod 31 to the switching mechanism within the branch pipe 12. At the same time, the sealed sliding connection ensures that water in the main pipe 11 does not leak through the penetration of the connecting rod 31. This ensures the water supply system's tightness while maintaining the axial sliding of the connecting rod 31, providing structural support for the mechanical linkage of the mode switching.

[0050] A reset assembly 4 is connected between the portion of branch pipe 12 that exits main pipe 11 and lifting mechanism 2. Its core function is to provide a reverse reset force for linkage rod 31 when water pressure decreases or disappears. When the water pressure in branch pipe 12 decreases (below the elastic force of reset assembly 4), reset assembly 4 pulls second blocking member 33 and protrusion 34 apart via linkage rod 31, simultaneously driving first blocking member 32 back to its position blocking atomizing nozzle 13, switching the device from atomizing mode back to drip irrigation mode. In the absence of water flow, the elastic force of reset assembly 4 maintains the separation of second blocking member 33 and protrusion 34, ensuring the initial standby state of drip irrigation mode. This design ensures that switching between the two modes relies entirely on a balance between water pressure and elastic force, eliminating the need for additional electronic control components, simplifying the operation process, and improving the device's reliability in complex greenhouse environments.

[0051] Specifically, the reset component 4 includes: The first connecting plate 41 is sleeved on the branch pipe 12; A second connecting plate 42 is provided on the lifting mechanism 2; The elastic member 43 is connected between the first connecting plate 41 and the second connecting plate 42 .

[0052] The reset assembly 4 is composed of a first connecting plate 41, a second connecting plate 42 and an elastic member 43. Its core function is to reset the linkage rod 31 through elastic force, thereby providing a reverse driving force for mode switching.

[0053] The first connecting plate 41 is sleeved on the branch pipe 12 and serves as a connection point for one end of the elastic member 43. The first connecting plate 41 is fixed relative to the branch pipe 12 to ensure that the elastic force can stably act on the linkage rod 31. The second connecting plate 42 is provided on the lifting mechanism 2 and serves as the other end fixing point of the elastic member 43. By connecting with the lifting mechanism 2, the reaction force of the elastic force is transmitted to the fixed structure to form a stable force support; The elastic member 43 is connected between the first connecting plate 41 and the second connecting plate 42 (such as an elastic element such as a spring). In the atomization mode (the second blocking member 33 abuts the protrusion 34), it is in a stretched or compressed state, storing elastic potential energy; when the water pressure decreases, the elastic potential energy is released, and the second blocking member 33 is pulled apart from the protrusion 34 through the connecting rod 31, while driving the first blocking member 32 to return to the original position to block the atomizing nozzle 13, completing the switch from the atomization mode to the drip irrigation mode.

[0054] This structural design allows the magnitude of the reset force to be adjusted by selecting elastic members 43 with different elastic coefficients, thereby adapting to the water pressure threshold required for irrigation of different crops and improving the applicability of the device.

[0055] Furthermore, the branch pipe 12 includes a first pipe body 121 and a second pipe body 122; The first tube body 121 is in communication with the main tube 11 , and the second tube body 122 is located at an end of the first tube body 121 away from the main tube 11 ; The first tube body 121 is made of a hard material, and the atomizing nozzle 13 is located on the first tube body 121; The second tube body 122 is made of a flexible material, and the drip irrigation head 14 is located at the end of the second tube body 122; The portion of the connecting rod 31 located inside the second tube 122 is made of flexible material.

[0056] The branch pipe 12 adopts a segmented structure, consisting of a first pipe body 121 and a second pipe body 122. Targeted optimization is achieved through material differences and functional zoning: The first tube 121 is made of a rigid material (such as hard plastic or metal) and is directly connected to the main tube 11. The atomizing nozzle 13 is mounted on it. This rigid material ensures the stability of the atomizing nozzle 13, preventing it from shifting due to water flow impact or external forces. It also provides a rigid track for the sliding of the first blocking member 32, ensuring precise sealing and opening of the atomizing channel. The second tube 122 is made of a flexible material (such as rubber or soft plastic) and is located at the end of the first tube 121 away from the main tube 11. A drip irrigation head 14 is provided at the end. The advantage of a flexible material is that it can slightly deform with crop growth or terrain, allowing the drip irrigation head 14 to be closer to the soil surface, reducing evaporation losses during water transport. Furthermore, this flexibility prevents damage to the pipe caused by lifting the device or collision with crops, thereby improving durability. Adaptive design of the connecting rod 31: The part of the connecting rod 31 located inside the second tube body 122 is made of flexible material, which matches the flexibility of the second tube body 122, ensuring that when the second tube body 122 is deformed, the connecting rod 31 can still drive the second blocking member 33 to move smoothly without affecting the sealing and opening of the drip irrigation channel.

[0057] This segmented design combines rigid support with flexible adaptation, which not only ensures the stability of atomized irrigation, but also improves the flexibility of the drip irrigation mode, enabling the device to better adapt to the complex planting environment of the greenhouse.

[0058] Furthermore, the drip irrigation head 14 includes: The housing 141 is threadedly sleeved on the end of the branch pipe 12; The water outlet channel 142 is located at the center of the housing 141; A descaling support rod 37 is provided at the end of the linkage rod 31 , and the descaling support rod 37 penetrates into the water outlet channel 142 .

[0059] The drip irrigation head 14 is composed of a shell 141 and a water outlet channel 142 , and is combined with a descaling support rod 37 at the end of the linkage rod 31 to achieve the dual functions of precise drip irrigation and anti-clogging.

[0060] The shell 141 is threadedly sleeved on the end of the branch pipe 12. This threaded connection method facilitates the disassembly and replacement of the drip irrigation head 14. When the drip irrigation head 14 is severely worn or clogged, it can be quickly disassembled for cleaning or replacement, reducing maintenance costs. At the same time, a sealing ring can also be provided to ensure the sealing between the drip irrigation head 14 and the branch pipe 12 to prevent water leakage from the connection.

[0061] The water outlet channel 142 is located in the center of the shell 141 and is the final channel for water output in the drip irrigation mode. Its aperture design needs to match the drip irrigation flow requirement to ensure that water seeps out slowly in the form of drops and reaches the soil at the roots of the crops.

[0062] The descaling rod 37 is located at the end of the linkage rod 31 and extends into the water outlet channel 142, forming a coordinated descaling mechanism with the drip irrigation head 14. When the device switches between the two modes, the axial movement of the linkage rod 31 drives the descaling rod 37 to slide back and forth within the water outlet channel 142, removing impurities such as fertilizer residue and sediment adhering to the inner wall of the channel. This effectively prevents the water outlet channel from clogging due to long-term use and ensures the stability of the drip irrigation flow.

[0063] Optionally, the branch pipe 12 is detachably connected to the main pipe 11 .

[0064] The branch pipe 12 and the main pipe 11 are connected in a detachable manner (such as a snap connection, a flange connection or a threaded connection, etc.). The core advantage of this design is that it improves the flexibility and maintainability of the device.

[0065] It can adapt to different planting needs, and the number or spacing of branch pipes 12 can be adjusted according to crop planting density, row spacing, etc. When the crop type in the planting area changes, the branch pipes 12 can be quickly disassembled and rearranged to adapt to diverse planting scenarios; it is also convenient for local maintenance. When a branch pipe 12 or the nozzle or switching mechanism thereon fails, the branch pipe 12 can be disassembled separately for repair or replacement without overall shutdown, reducing the impact on irrigation operations; it simplifies installation and storage. When the device is first installed or the greenhouse is rested for seasonal change, the detachable structure facilitates the transportation, assembly and storage of components, reducing storage and transportation costs.

[0066] Overall, the operating principle of this device is: 1. Initial state and mode switching logic: The device is in the drip irrigation mode standby state by default: at this time, there is no water flow or the water pressure in the branch pipe 12 is low, and the elastic member 43 of the reset assembly 4 pulls the second blocking member 33 and the funnel-shaped protrusion 34 apart through the connecting rod 31, and the drip irrigation channel is unblocked; at the same time, the first blocking member 32 aligns with and blocks the connection between the atomizing nozzle 13 and the branch pipe 12, and the atomizing channel is closed.

[0067] Drip irrigation mode is activated: When watering seedlings or crops requiring precise soil moisture, low-pressure water is introduced into main pipe 11. Water flows through main pipe 11 and is diverted to branch pipe 12. Because the water pressure is less than the tension of elastic member 43, second sealing member 33 remains separated from protrusion 34. Water flows along branch pipe 12 to drip irrigation head 14 at the end, directly supplying the soil at the root in the form of drops, reducing water loss due to evaporation and drift.

[0068] Atomization mode switching: When crops enter a period of dense foliage or when humidity adjustment is required, the water pressure within the main pipe 11 is increased. The water impacts the contact surface 35 of the second sealing member 33, generating a thrust that overcomes the tension of the elastic member 43, pushing the second sealing member 33 toward the protrusion 34. Ultimately, the conical end face of the second sealing member 33 fits tightly against the funnel surface of the protrusion 34, blocking the drip irrigation channel. Simultaneously, the linkage rod 31 drives the first sealing member 32 to move synchronously, intersecting its connection with the atomizing nozzle 13. Water then enters the atomizing nozzle 13 and is atomized and sprayed, meeting the needs of water absorption by the leaves and increasing environmental humidity.

[0069] Mode reset: After the water supply is stopped or the water pressure is reduced, the tension of the elastic member 43 drives the second blocking member 33 to separate from the protrusion 34 through the connecting rod 31, and the first blocking member 32 is reset to block the atomization channel, and the device returns to the drip irrigation mode standby state.

[0070] 2. Height adjustment principle: The lifting mechanism 2 realizes dynamic adaptation of the height of the irrigation terminal through mechanical transmission driven by a servo motor: When the height of the crop changes, the servo motor 23 starts and drives the winch 24 to rotate, and the support plate 21 is raised and lowered by the retraction and extension of the pull rope 25; The support plate 21 is rigidly connected to the main pipe 11 through the collar 22, thereby driving the branch pipe 12, the atomizing nozzle 13 and the drip irrigation head 14 to rise and fall synchronously, ensuring that the spraying range of the atomizing nozzle 13 matches the blade distribution height and the drip irrigation head 14 is close to the root soil, avoiding irrigation dislocation caused by height fixation.

[0071] 3. Auxiliary function collaboration: Anti-clogging design: When the descaling block 36 of the second blocking member 33 fits with the protrusion 34, it can penetrate the small opening of the protrusion 34 to remove dirt; the descaling support rod 37 at the end of the connecting rod 31 slides back and forth in the water outlet channel 142 of the drip irrigation head 14 as the mode is switched to prevent fertilizer residue from clogging.

[0072] Structural adaptability: The segmented design of the branch pipe 12 (rigid first pipe body 121 and flexible second pipe body 122) takes into account the stability of the atomizing nozzle and the flexibility of the drip irrigation head; the detachable connection between the branch pipe 12 and the main pipe 11 facilitates the adjustment of the number and position of branches according to the planting layout.

[0073] In summary, this device, through the collaborative mechanism of "water pressure control mode switching + height dynamic adjustment", can not only adapt to the irrigation needs of crops in different growth stages, but also take into account water resource utilization and irrigation accuracy, and is suitable for a variety of farmland greenhouse planting scenarios.

[0074] It should be noted that the various embodiments in this specification are described in a progressive manner, and each embodiment focuses on the differences from other embodiments. The same and similar parts between the various embodiments can be referenced to each other.

[0075] It should also be noted that, in this document, the terms "center", "upper", "lower", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "inside", "outside" and the like indicate positions or positional relationships based on the positions or positional relationships shown in the accompanying drawings, and are only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the devices or elements referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operate in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be understood as limiting the present invention. In addition, relational terms such as "first" and "second" are merely used to distinguish one entity or operation from another entity or operation, and do not necessarily require or imply that there is any actual relationship or order between these entities or operations, nor should they be understood as indicating or implying relative importance. Moreover, the terms "comprises", "includes" or any other variants thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, so that a process, method, article or terminal device comprising a series of elements includes not only those elements, but also other elements not explicitly listed, or elements inherent to such process, method, article or terminal device. In the absence of further restrictions, an element defined by the phrase "comprising a ..." does not exclude the presence of other identical elements in the process, method, article or terminal device comprising the element.

[0076] The technical solutions provided by this application are described in detail above. Specific examples are used herein to illustrate the principles and implementation methods of this application. The description of the above embodiments is only intended to help understand this application, and the contents of this specification should not be construed as limiting this application. At the same time, for those skilled in the art, according to this application, there may be various changes in the specific implementation methods and application scopes. It is not necessary and impossible to list all implementation methods here, and obvious changes or modifications derived therefrom are still within the scope of protection of this application.

Claims

1. A water-saving irrigation device for farmland construction, characterized in that: include: director; A plurality of branch pipes are connected to the main pipe in sequence along the length direction of the main pipe; A plurality of atomizing nozzles are respectively arranged on each of the branch pipes; A plurality of drip irrigation heads are respectively arranged at one end of each branch pipe away from the main pipe; A lifting mechanism is connected to a side of the main pipe away from the branch pipe, and is used to drive the main pipe to move up and down; A plurality of nozzle switching mechanisms are respectively arranged inside each branch pipe, and are used to control the communication between the atomizing nozzle and the drip irrigation head and the water flow inside the branch pipe; The nozzle switching mechanism includes a linkage rod, a first blocking member and a second blocking member; The connecting rod is slidably arranged inside the branch pipe along the length direction of the branch pipe; The first blocking member is provided on the linkage rod, and the position of the first blocking member corresponds to the position of the atomizing nozzle; The second blocking member is arranged on the linkage rod, and the position of the second blocking member corresponds to the position of the drip irrigation head.

2. A water-saving irrigation device for farmland construction according to claim 1, characterized in that: The first blocking member is annular and abuts against the inner wall of the branch pipe, and the first blocking member can completely cover the connection between the atomizing nozzle and the branch pipe; A funnel-shaped protrusion is provided on the inner wall of the branch pipe at a side of the first blocking member away from the main pipe, with the large opening of the protrusion facing the direction of the main pipe; The second blocking member is arranged on the side of the protrusion facing the large opening, and the side of the second blocking member facing the protrusion is a conical setting matching the internal space of the protrusion; The positions of the first blocking member and the second blocking member correspond to each other, so that when the second blocking member abuts against the protrusion, the position of the first blocking member and the position where the atomizing nozzle is connected to the branch pipe are staggered.

3. A water-saving irrigation device for farmland construction according to claim 2, characterized in that: A descaling block corresponding to the small opening of the protrusion is provided on a side of the second blocking member facing the protrusion.

4. The water-saving irrigation device for farmland construction according to claim 2, characterized in that: The side of the second blocking member away from the protrusion is arranged as a plane perpendicular to the central axis of the branch pipe, so that the side of the second blocking member away from the protrusion forms a horizontal plane perpendicular to the water flow, so that the second blocking member abuts against the protrusion under the impact of the water flow; The connecting rod passes through the main pipe along the length direction of the branch pipe, and the connecting rod is in sealing and sliding connection with the main pipe; A reset component is connected between the portion of the branch pipe passing through the main pipe and the lifting mechanism.

5. The water-saving irrigation device for farmland construction according to claim 4, characterized in that: The reset component includes: A first connecting plate is sleeved on the branch pipe; a second connecting plate, arranged on the lifting mechanism; An elastic member is connected between the first connecting plate and the second connecting plate.

6. The water-saving irrigation device for farmland construction according to claim 1, characterized in that: The branch pipe includes a first pipe body and a second pipe body; The first tube body is in communication with the main tube, and the second tube body is located at an end of the first tube body away from the main tube; The first tube body is made of a hard material, and the atomizing nozzle is located on the first tube body; The second tube body is made of a flexible material, and the drip irrigation head is located at the end of the second tube body; The portion of the connecting rod located inside the second tube is made of flexible material.

7. The water-saving irrigation device for farmland construction according to claim 1, characterized in that: The drip irrigation head comprises: The shell is threadedly sleeved on the end of the branch pipe; a water outlet channel, located at the center of the shell; A descaling support rod is provided at the end of the linkage rod, and the descaling support rod penetrates into the water outlet channel.

8. The water-saving irrigation device for farmland construction according to claim 1, characterized in that: The branch pipe is detachably connected to the main pipe.

9. The water-saving irrigation device for farmland construction according to claim 1, characterized in that: The lifting mechanism includes: a support plate, located on one side of the main pipe; A plurality of collars are respectively sleeved on the main pipe, and the collars are fixedly connected to the support plate; Two servo motors are installed on the top of the greenhouse; Two capstans are respectively connected to the output ends of the two servo motors; Two pull ropes are respectively connected to the two winches, and one end of the pull rope is fixedly connected to the support plate.

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