Method for reducing soil obstacles of gleying type rice soil and increasing rice yield

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of rice planting, and particularly relates to a method for reducing gleying type rice soil obstacles and increasing the rice yield. The method comprises the steps that before rice planting, drainage ditches are formed around a rice field; applying a base fertilizer; transplanting the seedlings to a seedling establishment period, and controlling a water layer of seedling protection water; fertilization is performed in the tillering stage and the jointing-booting stage respectively; meanwhile, during the milk ripe stage from the tillering stage to the grouting and fruiting stage, irrigation is conducted according to the lower limit of the soil water potential, when the lower limit of the soil water potential reaches-15 kPa, irrigation is conducted so that the water layer can be kept to be 10-15 mm, and circulation is conducted; from the wax ripening stage to the yellow ripening stage of the filling and fruiting stage, naturally drying until harvesting; wherein during the milk ripe stage from the tillering stage to the grouting and fruiting stage, when the depth of the water layer exceeds 5 cm due to rainfall, water is drained, so that the depth of the water layer is kept at most 5 cm. The invention provides a new choice for reducing the gleying type rice soil obstacles and increasing the rice yield.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of rice planting, and in particular relates to a method for reducing soil barriers in latent rice soil and increasing rice yield. Background Art

[0002] Rice is a staple food crop in my country and globally. Cold-soaked paddy soil, commonly known as cold-soaked paddy soil, is a common soil type in rice production. This type of soil is typically found in low-lying, poorly drained areas and remains waterlogged for long periods of time. Due to low soil redox potential, excessive accumulation of reducing substances (such as ferrous ions and hydrogen sulfide), and low soil temperatures, these soils develop undesirable characteristics such as "cold, rotten, closed, toxic, and lean." "Cold" refers to soil temperatures significantly below normal, inhibiting rice root growth and nutrient absorption; "rotten" indicates excessive muddy soil with poor aeration, making it difficult for roots to breathe properly; "closed" indicates a lack of pores, making oxygen difficult to enter; "toxic" refers to the toxicity of reducing substances to rice roots; and "lean" indicates a lack of nutrients, unable to meet rice growth requirements. These characteristics severely restrict rice growth and yield. Compared with other types of paddy soils such as ponding paddy soil, under the same cultivation and management conditions, the rice yield of ponding paddy fields is often 30% to 50% lower. In my country, there are about 3.46 million hectares of ponding paddy fields. 2 , accounting for approximately 15% of the country's rice paddy area, and is the main low-yield type of paddy in southern my country. Further improving rice yields in latent-growth paddy fields is crucial for increasing farmers' income and ensuring food security.

[0003] In response to the unfavorable characteristics of latent paddy soil, traditional improvement methods such as water-land rotation, drainage and sun-drying, and the application of lime or organic fertilizers can improve the soil environment to a certain extent, but there are problems such as long improvement cycles, unstable effects, high costs, or possible environmental pollution. In recent years, with the advancement of agricultural science and technology, some new improvement technologies have emerged, such as the application of oxygenators and warming agents. These technologies have improved the soil quality and rice yield of cold-soaked fields to a certain extent. However, these technologies often focus on single-aspect improvement and lack systematicity. For example, oxygenators mainly address soil aeration problems, and warming agents only target soil temperature. It is difficult to fundamentally and comprehensively solve the soil barrier problems of latent paddy soil. In addition, some technologies are relatively complex in actual operation and require a high level of technical skills from farmers, making them difficult to promote widely. Summary of the Invention

[0004] In view of this, the present invention aims to provide a method for reducing soil barriers in latent-infested paddy soil and increasing rice yields. This method addresses the existing issues of low soil redox potential, excessive accumulation of reducing substances, and low soil temperature in latent-infested paddy soil. It also addresses the issues of restricted rice growth and development and low rice yields caused by soil barriers. Furthermore, the present invention effectively reduces irrigation water usage during production, reduces nitrogen and phosphorus nutrient loss, and significantly alleviates the problem of water pollution faced by agriculture.

[0005] The technical solutions of the present invention are as follows: The present invention provides a method for reducing soil barriers in latently fertile paddy soil and increasing rice yield, comprising the following steps: Step 1: Before planting rice, dig drainage ditches around the rice fields; Step 2: Apply base fertilizer; Step 3: Transplant the seedlings until the green stage, and control the water layer of the seedling water to 15-25mm; Step 4: Apply tillering fertilizer during the tillering stage, apply flower-promoting fertilizer at the early stage of jointing and booting stage, and apply flower-preserving fertilizer in the middle or late stage of jointing and booting stage; at the same time, during the milky stage from the tillering stage to the filling and fruiting stage, when the lower limit of the soil water potential reaches -15kPa, irrigate to maintain the water layer at 10-15mm, then let it dry naturally until the soil water potential is -15kPa, and then irrigate again to maintain the water layer at 10-15mm, and repeat this cycle; Step 5: From the waxy stage of the grain filling and fruiting period to the yellow stage of the grain filling and fruiting period, let it dry naturally until harvest.

[0006] According to the above technical means, by creating drainage ditches around the rice fields and cleverly controlling the irrigation water volume at each stage based on the soil water potential, intermittent irrigation is achieved. Combined with fertilization control at each stage, the synergistic effects not only effectively increase the redox potential of latent paddy soil, reduce the accumulation of reducing substances, and increase soil temperature, but also effectively reduce the amount of irrigation water used during the production process. This solves the problems of low redox potential, excessive accumulation of reducing substances, and low soil temperature that exist in existing latent paddy soil. Furthermore, actual experiments have demonstrated that by rationally controlling the irrigation water volume and fertilization indicators at each stage, not only can the amount of irrigation water used during the production process be effectively reduced and the redox potential of the soil be increased, but rice growth and yield can also be significantly improved. This solves the problem of restricted rice growth and development and low rice yield caused by soil barriers. Furthermore, the reduction in irrigation water use during the production process also reduces the loss of nitrogen and phosphorus nutrients, significantly alleviating the problem of water pollution faced by agriculture. Furthermore, this intermittent irrigation method has the advantages of saving water, improving soil structure, and promoting crop growth.

[0007] Furthermore, the base fertilizer is a chlorine-based multi-component compound fertilizer containing nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, magnesium and silicon; the tillering fertilizer is nitrogen fertilizer; the flower-promoting fertilizer is a mixture of nitrogen fertilizer and phosphorus and potassium fertilizer; and the flower-preserving fertilizer is a mixture of nitrogen fertilizer and potassium fertilizer.

[0008] Choosing a chlorine-based multi-component fertilizer containing nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, magnesium and silicon as base fertilizer can reduce the accumulation of reducing substances, solve the problems of low soil redox potential and excessive accumulation of reducing substances in latent paddy soil, and provide basic nutrients of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in a balanced manner, while supplementing secondary elements such as magnesium and silicon, thereby enhancing rice root development, lodging resistance and disease resistance, and laying a nutrient foundation for high yield. Reasonable fertilizer application can achieve the dual goals of soil improvement and increasing rice yield, thereby solving the problems of excessive accumulation of reducing substances and low rice yield in latent paddy soil.

[0009] Furthermore, in terms of pure nitrogen, 165 kg / hm2 of nitrogen fertilizer should be applied during the entire rice growth period. 2 , calculated by weight percentage, the amount of base fertilizer applied accounts for 30%~50% of the whole growth period, the amount of tillering fertilizer applied accounts for 10%~30% of the whole growth period, the amount of flowering-promoting fertilizer applied accounts for 10%~30% of the whole growth period, and the amount of flowering-preserving fertilizer applied accounts for 10%~30% of the whole growth period.

[0010] Preferably, in terms of pure nitrogen, 165 kg / hm2 of nitrogen fertilizer is applied during the entire rice growth period. 2 , calculated by weight percentage, the amount of base fertilizer applied accounts for 40% of the whole growth period, the amount of tillering fertilizer applied accounts for 20% of the whole growth period, the amount of flowering-promoting fertilizer applied accounts for 20% of the whole growth period, and the amount of flowering-preserving fertilizer applied accounts for 20% of the whole growth period.

[0011] This approach, which rationally distributes nitrogen fertilizer application rates across rice growth stages, meets the nitrogen needs of rice at each stage of growth, promotes rice growth and development, increases yield, maintains good soil structure and fertility, and ultimately achieves sustainable rice production. It also addresses the issue of unbalanced nutrient supply in latent paddy soils.

[0012] Furthermore, the nitrogen in the chlorine-based multi-component fertilizer exists in the form of urea, the phosphorus exists in the form of monoammonium phosphate, the potassium exists in the form of potassium chloride, the magnesium exists in the form of magnesium sulfate, and the silicon exists in the form of sodium silicate; the mass ratio of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, magnesium and silicon in the base fertilizer is 12:6:7:1:2.

[0013] Furthermore, the nitrogen fertilizer in the tillering fertilizer is urea.

[0014] Furthermore, the nitrogen fertilizer in the flower-promoting fertilizer is urea, the phosphorus and potassium fertilizers are potassium dihydrogen phosphate, and the mass ratio of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in the flower-promoting fertilizer is 18:11:7.

[0015] Furthermore, the nitrogen fertilizer in the flower-protecting fertilizer is urea, the potassium fertilizer is potassium chloride, and the mass ratio of nitrogen to potassium in the flower-protecting fertilizer is 30:15.

[0016] By cleverly selecting urea as a nitrogen fertilizer, rice yields can be significantly increased. Urea leaves no harmful residues in the soil, and long-term application has no adverse effects on the soil. Using potassium dihydrogen phosphate as a phosphorus and potassium fertilizer, on the one hand, provides the necessary phosphorus and potassium for rice growth, enhancing rice's stress resistance and promoting root growth and development. On the other hand, by boosting rice root vitality, it encourages the roots to release more oxygen into the surrounding soil, improving the oxidative environment in the rhizosphere and thereby reducing the accumulation of reducing substances. Using potassium chloride as a potash fertilizer, potassium enhances crop stress resistance and promotes growth and development. Using silicon fertilizer thickens the epidermal cell walls of rice stems and leaves, enhancing stress resistance and improving resistance to pests and diseases. Using magnesium fertilizer enhances rice photosynthesis, promotes dry matter accumulation, and increases yield. These solutions address the existing problems of latent paddy soils, which suffer from the accumulation of reducing substances, restricting rice growth and development, and leading to low rice yields.

[0017] Specifically, the application of the flowering-promoting fertilizer is as follows: at the early stage of spikelet differentiation, when the soil water potential drops to -15kPa, rehydrate and apply flowering-promoting fertilizer at the same time: urea 3~5kg / mu + potassium dihydrogen phosphate 1~3kg / mu, and maintain the water layer of 10~15mm after application.

[0018] Proper application of flowering-promoting fertilizers during the early stages of panicle differentiation can increase the number of spikelets and reduce spikelet degeneration, thereby improving rice seed set and yield. It can also improve soil aeration, increase the content of available nutrients in the soil, and promote root vitality, thereby resolving the problems of restricted rice growth and development and low rice yield.

[0019] Specifically, the flower-protecting fertilizer is applied as follows: when the length of the young ears reaches 3~5cm and the soil water potential drops to -15kPa, rewater and apply flower-protecting fertilizer at the same time: urea 5~7kg / mu + potassium chloride 2~4kg / mu, and maintain the water layer at 10~15mm after application.

[0020] Applying flower-preserving fertilizer when the young panicles reach 3-5 cm in length can reduce spikelet degeneration, stabilize the number of grains per panicle, and enhance the photosynthetic capacity of leaves, thus reserving nutrients for grain filling after heading. This solves the problem of restricted rice growth and development and low rice yield.

[0021] Preferably, the fertilizer of the base fertilizer does not contain chemically added sulfur, iron and manganese.

[0022] Choosing fertilizers that do not contain chemically added sulfur, iron and manganese as base fertilizers can reduce the decrease in redox potential caused by fertilizers and reduce the risk of rice being poisoned by hydrogen sulfide, iron and manganese, thereby alleviating soil barriers in latent rice soils and solving the problems of restricted rice growth and development and low rice yields.

[0023] Furthermore, the width of the drainage ditch is 20-30 cm, and the depth is not less than 30 cm.

[0024] Furthermore, step four also includes: during the milky period from the tillering period to the filling and fruiting period, when the depth of the water layer exceeds 5 cm due to rainfall, draining water to keep the depth of the water layer at most 5 cm.

[0025] By adjusting the width and depth of drainage ditches and managing water differently during different stages of rice growth, we can address the problems of low redox potential, excessive accumulation of reducing substances, and low soil temperature in latent paddy soils. We can also address the problems of restricted rice growth and low yields caused by soil barriers. We can effectively regulate moisture in paddy fields. During heavy rainfall, wide and deep drainage ditches can promptly drain water, preventing excessive waterlogging and potentially damaging rice. This ensures that rice roots have sufficient oxygen for respiration, promoting root development and fostering strong plant growth.

[0026] Furthermore, water management during rice growth has been simplified into three stages, each with different water management requirements: 1) Maintain 15-25mm of water for seedling protection from transplanting to the greening stage; 2) From the tillering stage to the milky stage, use a soil water potential of -15kPa as the lower limit for watering, and maintain a water depth of 10-15mm as the upper limit. This cycle of management is repeated throughout the growth period. If the water depth exceeds 5cm due to rainfall, drain the soil, maintaining a maximum water depth of 5cm. 3) From the waxy stage to the yellow stage of the grain filling and fruiting period, natural watering is used until harvest.

[0027] The present invention also provides the application of the method for reducing soil barriers in latent paddy soil and increasing rice yield in cultivation management for improving low redox potential of latent paddy soil, improving excessive accumulation of reducing substances in latent paddy soil, improving low soil temperature, increasing rice yield and / or saving water and reducing emissions.

[0028] Beneficial effects of the present invention: The present invention provides a method for reducing soil barriers in latent paddy soil and increasing rice yield. The method is simple to operate, and its effectiveness has been verified through experiments. By rationally controlling water content and optimizing fertilizer application, the present invention improves the soil environment in cold-soaked fields and enhances rice growth and yield in a short period of time. Compared with traditional improvement methods, the present invention offers faster improvement speeds and more significant results. Compared with single improvement techniques, the present invention utilizes the synergistic effect of intermittent irrigation (which uses soil water potential to determine whether and how to irrigate) and fertilization control at different times. This method can systematically and fundamentally address the barriers of latent paddy soil, such as low redox potential, excessive accumulation of reducing substances, and low soil temperature. This method achieves comprehensive improvements in the soil environment and promotes rice growth. Furthermore, it offers the advantages of water conservation, improved soil structure, and enhanced crop growth. The present invention can increase rice yield by 10% or more; it can also effectively reduce irrigation water usage during the production process by approximately 30% and reduce nitrogen and phosphorus nutrient loss, thereby significantly reducing the risk of water pollution in agriculture. The invention is not only beneficial to latent rice producing areas, but also has extremely broad reference application value for rice production in other producing areas. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0029] Figure 1 This is the result diagram of the effects of different optimized management on soil redox potential under manual transplanting methods in 2023; Figure 2 This is the result diagram of the effects of different optimized management on the total reducing substances in the soil under manual transplanting methods; Figure 3 This is the result diagram of the effects of different optimized management on soil redox potential under machine transplanting methods in 2023; Figure 4 This is the result diagram of the effects of different optimized management on the total reducing substances in the soil under machine transplanting methods; Figure 5 This is the result diagram of the effect of different optimized management on soil redox potential under the machine transplanting method in 2024; Figure 6 This is a graph showing the effects of different optimized management on soil temperature under machine transplanting methods. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0030] The following describes the embodiments of the present invention with reference to preferred embodiments and the accompanying drawings. Those skilled in the art will readily appreciate the other advantages and benefits of the present invention from the disclosure herein. The present invention may also be implemented or applied through various other specific embodiments, and the various details in this specification may be modified or altered based on different viewpoints and applications without departing from the spirit of the present invention. It should be understood that the preferred embodiments are intended only to illustrate the present invention and are not intended to limit the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0031] In view of the needs of reducing soil barriers in latent rice fields, increasing rice yields, efficiently utilizing water resources and reducing environmental emissions, the present invention provides a cultivation technology for reducing soil barriers in latent rice soil ("cold soaked fields") and increasing rice yields, so as to achieve increased production and efficiency of rice cultivation in latent rice soil areas.

[0032] The present invention will be further described in detail below by way of examples, but the present invention is not limited thereto in any way.

[0033] The rice yield, soil physical and chemical properties, and water-saving potential of each experimental treatment were measured in different years and planting scenarios.

[0034] Example 1 A method for reducing soil barriers in latently fertile paddy soil and increasing rice yield comprises the following steps: 1. Paddy field treatment Choose latent paddy soil ("cold-soaked paddy soil") for rice cultivation. 10-15 days before transplanting, plow and harrow the soil, and apply a generous amount of base fertilizer. This base fertilizer is a chlorine-based multi-component fertilizer containing nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, magnesium, and silicon. Nitrogen in this chlorine-based multi-component fertilizer is in the form of urea, phosphorus in the form of monoammonium phosphate, potassium in the form of potassium chloride, magnesium in the form of magnesium sulfate, and silicon in the form of sodium silicate. The mass ratio of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, magnesium, and silicon in the base fertilizer is 12:6:7:1:2. The base fertilizer does not contain chemically added sulfur, iron, or manganese.

[0035] According to the terrain conditions and the convenience of farming, ditch drainage treatment is carried out: open one or more open or hidden ditches around the rice fields, with a width of 20-30cm and a depth of not less than 30cm, to lower the groundwater level and improve soil aeration.

[0036] 2. Transplanting When the seedlings reach the 3.5-4.5 leaf stage and are approximately 30-35 days old, they can be transplanted. Transplanting should be done in the morning on a sunny day, avoiding rainy days or high temperatures to prevent affecting the survival rate. Transplanting can be done manually or mechanically. When transplanting manually, ensure shallow and even planting, with a depth of no more than 3 cm and 3-5 seedlings per hole. When transplanting mechanically, adjust the transplanter's spacing and planting depth to ensure quality.

[0037] 3. Field management (1) Water management: From transplanting to the greening stage: retain 15~25mm of water for seedling protection; from the tillering stage to the milky stage of the filling and fruiting period: when the lower limit of the soil water potential reaches -15kPa, irrigate and maintain the water layer at 10~15mm; then let it dry naturally until the soil water potential reaches -15kPa, then irrigate again and maintain the water layer at 10~15mm; repeat this cycle during the growth period. During the milky stage from the tillering stage to the filling and fruiting period, if the depth of the water layer exceeds 5cm due to rainfall, drain the water to maintain the depth of the water layer at most 5cm. From the waxy stage to the yellowish stage of the filling and fruiting period: let it dry naturally until harvest.

[0038] (2) Fertilization management: Apply different fertilizers at different times. Apply tillering fertilizer during the tillering stage, apply flowering-promoting fertilizer in the early jointing and booting stage, and apply flowering-preserving fertilizer in the middle or late jointing and booting stage. The amount of fertilizer to be applied is determined based on soil fertility and target yield. The specific indicators are as follows: In terms of pure nitrogen, 165 kg / hm2 of nitrogen fertilizer should be applied during the entire rice growth period. 2 Among them, calculated by weight percentage, the amount of base fertilizer applied accounts for 40% of the whole growth period, the amount of tillering fertilizer accounts for 20% of the whole growth period, the amount of flower-promoting fertilizer accounts for 20% of the whole growth period, and the amount of flower-preserving fertilizer accounts for 20% of the whole growth period.

[0039] Tillering fertilizer: Use nitrogen fertilizer as tillering fertilizer, the component of nitrogen fertilizer is urea; Flowering-promoting fertilizer: Flowering-promoting fertilizer is a mixture of nitrogen fertilizer and phosphorus and potassium fertilizers. The nitrogen fertilizer is composed of urea, and the phosphorus and potassium fertilizer is composed of potassium dihydrogen phosphate. The mass ratio of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium in the fertilizer is 18:11:7. At the early stage of ear differentiation, when the soil water potential drops to -15kPa, rehydrate and apply flowering-promoting fertilizer at the same time: 3-5kg / mu of urea + 1-3kg / mu of potassium dihydrogen phosphate. Maintain a water layer of 10-15mm after application. Flower-protecting fertilizer: Flower-protecting fertilizer is a mixture of nitrogen fertilizer and potassium fertilizer. The nitrogen fertilizer in flower-protecting fertilizer is urea, and the potassium fertilizer is potassium chloride. The mass ratio of nitrogen and phosphorus in flower-protecting fertilizer is 30:15; when the length of the young ears reaches 3~5cm and the soil water potential drops to -15kPa, rewater and apply flower-protecting fertilizer at the same time: urea 5~7kg / mu + potassium chloride 2~4kg / mu, and maintain the water layer at 10~15mm after application.

[0040] (3) Pest and disease control: Take integrated control measures based on agricultural control, and combine physical control, biological control and chemical control methods to control rice pests and diseases.

[0041] 4. Harvest When rice reaches physiological maturity, defined as when more than 90% of the grain husks turn yellow and the kernels become hard and transparent, it can be harvested. Harvesting too early can affect rice yield and quality; harvesting too late can cause grain shed and lodging, also impacting yield. Harvesting can be done manually or mechanically. Manual harvesting involves cutting the rice with a sickle, then tying it into bundles and transporting it to the drying yard for threshing. Mechanical harvesting uses a combine harvester to harvest, thresh, and clean directly in the field, resulting in high efficiency and quality. Harvested rice should be promptly air-dried or dried to reduce its moisture content to approximately 13%-14% before storage.

[0042] Example 2 A method for reducing soil barriers in latently fertile paddy soil and increasing rice yield comprises the following steps: 1. Paddy field treatment Choose latent paddy soil ("cold-soaked paddy soil") for rice cultivation. 10-15 days before transplanting, plow and harrow the fields, and apply a generous amount of basal fertilizer. This basal fertilizer should be a chlorine-based compound fertilizer containing nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, magnesium, and silicon. Nitrogen in this chlorine-based compound fertilizer is in the form of urea, phosphorus in the form of monoammonium phosphate, potassium in the form of potassium chloride, magnesium in the form of magnesium sulfate, and silicon in the form of sodium silicate. The mass ratio of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, magnesium, and silicon in this basal fertilizer is 12:6:7:1:2. The fertilizer does not contain chemically added sulfur, iron, or manganese. Based on the terrain and to facilitate farming, drainage should be implemented: one or more open or concealed ditches should be constructed around the paddy field, 20-30 cm wide and at least 30 cm deep, to lower the groundwater level and improve soil aeration.

[0043] 2. Transplanting When the seedlings reach the 3.5-4.5 leaf stage and are approximately 30-35 days old, they can be transplanted. Transplanting should be done in the morning on a sunny day, avoiding rainy days or high temperatures to prevent affecting the survival rate. Transplanting can be done manually or mechanically. When transplanting manually, ensure shallow and even planting, with a depth of no more than 3 cm and 3-5 seedlings per hole. When transplanting mechanically, adjust the transplanter's spacing and planting depth to ensure quality.

[0044] 3. Field management (1) Water management: From transplanting to the greening stage: retain 15~25mm of water for seedling protection; from the tillering stage to the milky stage of the filling and fruiting stage: when the soil water potential is lower than -30kPa or cracks appear on the soil surface and the rice leaves curl, irrigate in time to control the soil water potential between -30kPa and -15kPa; during the milky stage from the tillering stage to the filling and fruiting stage, if the depth of the water layer exceeds 5cm due to rainfall, drain the water to keep the depth of the water layer at most 5cm; from the waxy stage of the filling and fruiting stage to the yellow stage of the filling and fruiting stage: let it dry naturally until harvest.

[0045] (2) Fertilization management: Apply different fertilizers at different times. Apply tillering fertilizer during the tillering stage, apply flowering-promoting fertilizer in the early jointing and booting stage, and apply flowering-preserving fertilizer in the middle or late jointing and booting stage. The amount of fertilizer to be applied is determined based on soil fertility and target yield. The specific indicators are as follows: In terms of pure nitrogen, 165 kg / hm2 of nitrogen fertilizer should be applied during the entire rice growth period. 2 , calculated by weight percentage, the amount of base fertilizer applied accounts for 40% of the whole growth period, the amount of tillering fertilizer applied accounts for 20% of the whole growth period, the amount of flowering-promoting fertilizer applied accounts for 20% of the whole growth period, and the amount of flowering-preserving fertilizer applied accounts for 20% of the whole growth period.

[0046] Tillering fertilizer: Use nitrogen fertilizer as tillering fertilizer, the component of nitrogen fertilizer is urea; Flowering-promoting fertilizer: Flowering-promoting fertilizer is a mixture of nitrogen fertilizer and phosphorus and potassium fertilizers. The nitrogen fertilizer is composed of urea, and the phosphorus and potassium fertilizer is composed of potassium dihydrogen phosphate. The mass ratio of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium in the fertilizer is 18:11:7. At the early stage of ear differentiation, when the soil water potential drops to -15kPa, rehydrate and apply flowering-promoting fertilizer at the same time: 3-5kg / mu of urea + 1-3kg / mu of potassium dihydrogen phosphate. Maintain a water layer of 10-15mm after application. Flower-protecting fertilizer: Flower-protecting fertilizer is a mixture of nitrogen fertilizer and potassium fertilizer. The nitrogen fertilizer in flower-protecting fertilizer is urea, and the potassium fertilizer is potassium chloride. The mass ratio of nitrogen and phosphorus in flower-protecting fertilizer is 30:15; when the length of the young ears reaches 3~5cm and the soil water potential drops to -15kPa, rewater and apply flower-protecting fertilizer at the same time: urea 5~7kg / mu + potassium chloride 2~4kg / mu, and maintain the water layer at 10~15mm after application.

[0047] (3) Pest and disease control: Take integrated control measures based on agricultural control, and combine physical control, biological control and chemical control methods to control rice pests and diseases.

[0048] 4. Harvest When rice reaches physiological maturity, defined as when more than 90% of the grain husks turn yellow and the kernels become hard and transparent, it can be harvested. Harvesting too early can affect rice yield and quality; harvesting too late can cause grain shed and lodging, also impacting yield. Harvesting can be done manually or mechanically. Manual harvesting involves cutting the rice with a sickle, then tying it into bundles and transporting it to the drying yard for threshing. Mechanical harvesting uses a combine harvester to harvest, thresh, and clean directly in the field, resulting in high efficiency and quality. Harvested rice should be promptly air-dried or dried to reduce its moisture content to approximately 13%-14% before storage.

[0049] Comparative Example 1 The conventional management method for growing rice in latent paddy soil includes the following steps: 1. Paddy field treatment Choose latent rice soil ("cold soaked field") to cultivate rice. 10 to 15 days before transplanting, plow and harrow the field and apply sufficient base fertilizer.

[0050] According to the terrain conditions and the convenience of farming, ditch drainage is carried out: an open ditch with a width of 10 cm and a depth of 15 cm is opened around the rice field.

[0051] 2. Transplanting When the seedlings reach the 3.5-4.5 leaf stage and are approximately 30-35 days old, they can be transplanted. Transplanting should be done in the morning on a sunny day, avoiding rainy days or high temperatures to prevent affecting the survival rate. Transplanting can be done manually or mechanically. When transplanting manually, ensure shallow and even planting, with a depth of no more than 3 cm and 3-5 seedlings per hole. When transplanting mechanically, adjust the transplanter's spacing and planting depth to ensure quality.

[0052] 3. Field management (1) Water management: Except for the yellow ripening period, the water layer in the field should be maintained at 3-5 cm during other growth periods.

[0053] (2) Fertilization management: In terms of pure nitrogen, nitrogen fertilizer should be applied during the entire rice growth period. In terms of pure nitrogen, 225 kg / hm2 of nitrogen fertilizer should be applied during the entire rice growth period. 2 , calculated by weight percentage, the amount of base fertilizer applied accounts for 10% of the whole growth period, the amount of tillering fertilizer accounts for 30% of the whole growth period, the amount of flower-promoting fertilizer accounts for 25% of the whole growth period, and the amount of flower-preserving fertilizer accounts for 35% of the whole growth period.

[0054] The amount of fertilizer to be applied is determined based on soil fertility and target yield. The specific indicators are as follows: Base fertilizer: mainly quick-acting nitrogen fertilizer containing sulfur, combined with chelated iron and manganese micro-fertilizers, with chelated iron and manganese micro-fertilizers accounting for 50% of the total nitrogen fertilizer; Tillering fertilizer: mainly quick-acting nitrogen fertilizer. Apply the first tillering fertilizer 7 to 10 days after transplanting, and the amount accounts for 20% of the total nitrogen fertilizer. Apply the second tillering fertilizer after the plants turn green, and the amount accounts for 10% of the total nitrogen fertilizer. Flower-promoting fertilizer: mainly quick-acting nitrogen fertilizer, with a small amount of potassium fertilizer, accounting for 10% to 15% of the total nitrogen fertilizer; Flower-protecting fertilizer: mainly quick-acting nitrogen fertilizer, combined with a small amount of potassium fertilizer, accounting for 5%~10% of the total nitrogen fertilizer.

[0055] (3) Pest and disease control: Take integrated control measures based on agricultural control, and combine physical control, biological control and chemical control methods to control rice pests and diseases.

[0056] 4. Harvest When rice reaches physiological maturity, defined as when more than 90% of the grain husks turn yellow and the kernels become hard and transparent, it can be harvested. Harvesting too early can affect rice yield and quality; harvesting too late can cause grain shed and lodging, also impacting yield. Harvesting can be done manually or mechanically. Manual harvesting involves cutting the rice with a sickle, then tying it into bundles and transporting it to the drying yard for threshing. Mechanical harvesting uses a combine harvester to harvest, thresh, and clean directly in the field, resulting in high efficiency and quality. Harvested rice should be promptly air-dried or dried to reduce its moisture content to approximately 13%-14% before storage.

[0057] Test application: Manual rice planting scene-2023 Manual transplanting experiments on rice were conducted using the methods for reducing soil barriers in latently fertile paddy soil and increasing rice yield in Example 1 (corresponding to T2) and Example 2 (corresponding to T1), as well as the method in Control Example 1 (corresponding to CK).

[0058] The implementation results are as follows: like Figure 1 and Figure 2 As shown, compared with the conventional management method in production (i.e., CK), the soil redox potential of the two optimized management treatments (T1 and T2) in the experiment was significantly improved, and the total reducing substances in the 0-20 cm soil layer in the late growth period were significantly reduced. Among them, the soil redox potential of the T2 treatment increased by 81 mV, and the total reducing substances in the 0-20 cm soil layer decreased by 27%.

[0059] As shown in Table 1 , the two optimized management treatments (T1 and T2) reduced irrigation water use by 78% and 35.7%, respectively, compared with the conventional management method (i.e., CK).

[0060] Table 1 Differences in irrigation volume and irrigation efficiency under different optimized management modes of manual transplanting As shown in Table 2, the rice yield of the T1 treatment was not significantly different from that of the conventional method (CK), but the T2 treatment was significantly better than T1 and CK, with a yield increase of 51% compared with the control example 1. The calculation formula is shown in formula (I): Yield increase rate (%) = (T2 measured yield - CK measured yield) / CK measured yield × 100% (I) Table 2 Differences in rice yield components and measured yields under different optimized management methods of manual transplanting In summary, it can be seen that there are great differences in the effects of soil barrier reduction, water saving and yield increase among different management methods. Overall, the treatment effect of T2 is the best, which proves that the method of the present invention can reduce soil barriers in latent rice soil, effectively reduce the amount of irrigation water used in the production process and significantly increase rice yield.

[0061] Machine transplanting scene-2023 Mechanical transplanting experiments on rice were conducted using the methods for reducing soil barriers in latently fertile paddy soil and increasing rice yield in Example 1 (corresponding to T2) and Example 2 (corresponding to T1), as well as the method in Control Example 1 (corresponding to CK).

[0062] The implementation results are as follows: like Figure 3 and Figure 4 As shown in the data, compared with the conventional management method in production (i.e., CK), the soil redox potential of the two optimized management treatments (T1 and T2) in the experiment were significantly increased, and the total reducing substances in the 0-20 cm soil layer were significantly reduced. Among them, the soil redox potential of the T2 treatment increased by 77 mV, and the total reducing substances in the 0-20 cm soil layer decreased by 26.7%.

[0063] As shown in Table 3 , the two optimized management treatments (T1 and T2) reduced irrigation water use by 50.4% and 22.5%, respectively, compared with the conventional management method (i.e., CK).

[0064] Table 3 Differences in irrigation volume and irrigation efficiency under different optimized management modes of machine transplanting As shown in Table 4, the rice yield was highest in the T2 treatment, followed by the conventional method (CK), and lowest in the T1 treatment. Compared with the CK (Control Example 1), the T2 treatment increased yield by 10.6%, as calculated by formula (I).

[0065] Table 4 Differences in rice yield components and measured yields under different optimized management methods of machine transplanting In summary, it can be seen that there are great differences in the effects of soil barrier reduction, water saving and yield increase among different management methods. Overall, the treatment effect of T2 is the best, which proves that the method of the present invention can reduce soil barriers in latent rice soil, effectively reduce the amount of irrigation water used in the production process and significantly increase rice yield.

[0066] Machine transplanting scene-2024 Mechanical rice transplanting was performed using the methods for reducing soil barriers in latently fertile paddy soil and increasing rice yield in Example 1 (corresponding to T2) and Example 2 (corresponding to T1), as well as the method in Control Example 1 (corresponding to CK). The experiment in this example was conducted in 2024.

[0067] The implementation results are as follows: like Figure 5 and Figure 6 As shown in the data, compared with the conventional management method in production (i.e., CK), the soil redox potential and soil temperature of the two optimized management treatments (T1 and T2) in the experiment showed an increasing trend, among which the soil redox potential of the T2 treatment increased by 65%, and the soil temperature at maturity increased by 0.4℃.

[0068] As shown in Table 5 , the two optimized management treatments (T1 and T2) reduced irrigation water usage by 60.2% and 41.5%, respectively, compared with the conventional management method (i.e., CK).

[0069] Table 5 Irrigation volume and irrigation efficiency under different optimized management in 2024 As shown in Table 6, the rice yield of the T1 treatment was not significantly different from that of the conventional method (CK), but the T2 treatment was significantly better than T1 and CK, with a yield increase of 13.8% compared with the control example 1. The calculation formula is shown in formula (I).

[0070] Table 6 Rice yield components and measured yields under different optimized managements in 2024 In summary, it can be seen that there are great differences in the effects of soil barrier reduction, water saving and yield increase among different management methods. Overall, the treatment effect of T2 is the best, which proves that the method of the present invention can reduce soil barriers in latent rice soil, effectively reduce the amount of irrigation water used in the production process and significantly increase rice yield.

[0071] In summary, the method for reducing soil barriers in latently fertile paddy soil and increasing rice yield provided by the present invention has the following advantages: (1) It clarifies the comprehensive requirements for field water management and rational fertilizer application, and is simple and clear to operate; (2) By rationally controlling water and optimizing fertilizer application, the goal of improving the soil environment of cold-soaked fields and improving rice growth performance and yield was achieved in a short period of time, which can increase rice yield by 10% or more. At the same time, it can also effectively reduce the amount of irrigation water used in the production process by about 30%, and reduce the loss of nitrogen and phosphorus nutrients, thereby significantly reducing the risk of agricultural water pollution. (3) It can systematically and fundamentally solve the obstacles of low redox potential, excessive accumulation of reducing substances and low soil temperature in latent paddy soil, achieve comprehensive improvement of the soil environment, and promote rice growth.

[0072] The above embodiments are only preferred embodiments for fully illustrating the present invention, and the protection scope of the present invention is not limited thereto. Any equivalent substitution or modification made by those skilled in the art based on the present invention is within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for reducing soil barriers in latent paddy soil and increasing rice yield, characterized in that: The steps include: Step 1: Before planting rice, dig drainage ditches around the rice fields; Step 2: Apply base fertilizer; Step 3: Transplant the seedlings until the green stage, and control the water layer of the seedling water to 15-25mm; Step 4: Apply tillering fertilizer during the tillering stage, apply flower-promoting fertilizer at the early stage of jointing and booting stage, and apply flower-preserving fertilizer in the middle or late stage of jointing and booting stage; at the same time, during the milky stage from the tillering stage to the filling and fruiting stage, when the lower limit of the soil water potential reaches -15kPa, irrigate to maintain the water layer at 10-15mm, then let it dry naturally until the soil water potential is -15kPa, and then irrigate again to maintain the water layer at 10-15mm, and repeat this cycle; Step 5: From the waxy stage of the grain filling and fruiting period to the yellow stage of the grain filling and fruiting period, let it dry naturally until harvest.

2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that The base fertilizer is a chlorine-based multi-component compound fertilizer containing nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, magnesium and silicon; the tillering fertilizer is nitrogen fertilizer; the flower-promoting fertilizer is a mixture of nitrogen fertilizer and phosphorus and potassium fertilizer; and the flower-preserving fertilizer is a mixture of nitrogen fertilizer and potassium fertilizer.

3. The method according to claim 2, characterized in that In terms of pure nitrogen, 165 kg / hm2 of nitrogen fertilizer should be applied during the entire rice growth period. 2 , calculated by weight percentage, the amount of base fertilizer applied accounts for 30%~50% of the whole growth period, the amount of tillering fertilizer applied accounts for 10%~30% of the whole growth period, the amount of flowering-promoting fertilizer applied accounts for 10%~30% of the whole growth period, and the amount of flowering-preserving fertilizer applied accounts for 10%~30% of the whole growth period.

4. The method according to claim 3, characterized in that In terms of pure nitrogen, 165 kg / hm2 of nitrogen fertilizer should be applied during the entire rice growth period. 2 , calculated by weight percentage, the amount of base fertilizer applied accounts for 40% of the whole growth period, the amount of tillering fertilizer applied accounts for 20% of the whole growth period, the amount of flowering-promoting fertilizer applied accounts for 20% of the whole growth period, and the amount of flowering-preserving fertilizer applied accounts for 20% of the whole growth period.

5. The method according to claim 2, characterized in that: The nitrogen in the chlorine-based multi-component compound fertilizer exists in the form of urea, the phosphorus exists in the form of monoammonium phosphate, the potassium exists in the form of potassium chloride, the magnesium exists in the form of magnesium sulfate, and the silicon exists in the form of sodium silicate; the mass ratio of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, magnesium and silicon in the base fertilizer is 12:6:7:1:2; And / or, the nitrogen fertilizer in the tillering fertilizer is urea; And or, the nitrogen fertilizer in the flowering-promoting fertilizer is urea, the phosphorus and potassium fertilizers are potassium dihydrogen phosphate, and the mass ratio of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in the flowering-promoting fertilizer is 18:11:7; And / or, the nitrogen fertilizer in the flower-protecting fertilizer is urea, the potassium fertilizer is potassium chloride, and the mass ratio of nitrogen to potassium fertilizer in the flower-protecting fertilizer is 30:

15.

6. The method according to claim 5, characterized in that The application of the flowering-promoting fertilizer is as follows: at the early stage of ear differentiation, when the soil water potential drops to -15kPa, rewater and apply flowering-promoting fertilizer at the same time: urea 3-5kg / mu + potassium dihydrogen phosphate 1-3kg / mu, and maintain a water layer of 10-15mm after application; The flower-protecting fertilizer is applied as follows: when the length of the young ears reaches 3~5cm and the soil water potential drops to -15kPa, rewater and apply flower-protecting fertilizer at the same time: urea 5~7kg / mu + potassium chloride 2~4kg / mu, and maintain the water layer at 10~15mm after application.

7. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that The fertilizer of the base fertilizer does not contain chemically added sulfur, iron and manganese.

8. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The width of the drainage ditch is 20-30 cm, and the depth is not less than 30 cm.

9. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that: Step four also includes: during the milky stage from the tillering stage to the filling and fruiting stage, when the depth of the water layer exceeds 5 cm due to rainfall, draining water to keep the depth of the water layer at most 5 cm.

10. Use of the method for reducing soil barriers and increasing rice yield in latent paddy soil according to claim 1 in cultivation management for improving low redox potential in latent paddy soil, improving excessive accumulation of reducing substances in latent paddy soil, improving low soil temperature, increasing rice yield, and / or saving water and reducing emissions.

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