High porosity filler enhanced denitrification method and device for constructed wetland

By constructing high-porosity fillers and gradient resistance layers, combined with temperature-adaptive microbial communities and biomimetic water flow distribution, the problems of difficult oxygen transfer and unstable nitrogen removal efficiency in traditional constructed wetlands have been solved, achieving stable and efficient nitrogen removal.

CN120717611BActive Publication Date: 2026-06-09CHINA RAILWAY SEVENTH BUREAU GRP XIAN RAILWAY ENG CO LTD
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Patent Information

Authority / Receiving Office
CN · China
Patent Type
Patents(China)
Current Assignee / Owner
CHINA RAILWAY SEVENTH BUREAU GRP XIAN RAILWAY ENG CO LTD
Filing Date
2025-07-17
Publication Date
2026-06-09

AI Technical Summary

Technical Problem

In traditional constructed wetland systems, the low porosity and low permeability of conventional fillers such as gravel and crushed stone make it difficult for oxygen to be transferred to the deeper layers of the wetland, which limits the activity of nitrifying bacteria and affects nitrogen conversion efficiency. Moreover, existing improvement measures are energy-intensive, complex to manage, and have unstable effects, especially when the denitrification efficiency is unstable under temperature changes.

Method used

By screening and proportioning lightweight fillers with high porosity, a gradient resistance layer is constructed to induce oxygen concentration fluctuations, temperature-adaptive microbial communities are cultivated, a biomimetic water flow distribution is designed, and the oxygen transfer is enhanced by utilizing the tidal respiration effect, forming a complementary symbiotic network to achieve a stable denitrification effect.

Benefits of technology

Under different seasonal conditions, the system can maintain stable nitrogen removal activity and improve nitrogen removal efficiency through naturally driven deep oxygen supply, overcoming the limitations of traditional wetlands that are greatly affected by temperature, and achieving highly efficient nitrogen removal.

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Abstract

The application discloses a high-void-ratio filler artificial wetland enhanced denitrification method and device, aiming at selecting light materials and constructing high-low-high gradient resistance layers, inducing flow velocity differentiation to form oxygen concentration fluctuation zones, creating favorable conditions for deep nitrification, cultivating function switching type microorganisms with nitrification-denitrification bidirectional conversion capacity, establishing seasonal bacterial population switching mechanism and complementary symbiotic network, and adapting to annual temperature changes, designing multi-point distributed water supply to form river branch type water flow path, realizing bionic water flow distribution, utilizing water level periodic change of pulsating water to drive internal gas exchange of the filler, forming tidal respiration effect, and realizing deep oxygen supply without mechanical aeration, and based on intermittent operation schedule, real-time monitoring is carried out, and operation parameters are dynamically optimized. The application overcomes the problems of oxygen transfer limitation and seasonal performance fluctuation of traditional artificial wetlands, and provides a low-energy-consumption and high-stability technical scheme for nitrogen-containing wastewater treatment.
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