Operation and maintenance management system and method of high-altitude photovoltaic energy storage air-cooled system

Abstract

The application relates to the technical field of operation and maintenance management, and particularly discloses an operation and maintenance management system and method for a high-altitude photovoltaic energy storage air-cooled system, the method comprising collecting radiator temperature, fan vibration, ultraviolet intensity, altitude and equipment operation parameters of the air-cooled system; determining a temperature component based on the radiator temperature; correcting the temperature component based on the altitude, the ultraviolet intensity and the equipment operation parameters, determining a system health index according to the corrected temperature component and vibration component; and dynamically regulating and controlling the air-cooled system based on the system health index. The application solves the problem of system health state evaluation deviation caused by factors such as altitude, ultraviolet rays and vibration which are not considered in traditional methods, realizes the comprehensive effect of reducing operation and maintenance cost and prolonging equipment life, and provides efficient and reliable operation and maintenance guarantee for the high-altitude photovoltaic energy storage system.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of operation and maintenance management technology, and in particular to an operation and maintenance management system and method for a high-altitude photovoltaic energy storage air-cooled system. Background Technology

[0002] In high-altitude photovoltaic energy storage systems, the air-cooled system relies on the coordinated operation of the fan and the radiator to achieve thermal management. The fan controls the cooling air volume in real time by adjusting its speed, and the radiator uses the fin topology to enhance the heat exchange area. The two maintain the temperature control balance of the energy storage system through a forced convection heat exchange mechanism.

[0003] However, photovoltaic energy storage systems in high-altitude areas are exposed to a combined environment of low air pressure and strong ultraviolet radiation for extended periods, posing multiple coupled technical challenges to their operation and maintenance. Existing maintenance methods for air-cooled systems only monitor the highest surface temperature of the radiator and the maximum amplitude of fan vibration for early warning. This single-parameter threshold warning mechanism ignores the impact of low air pressure on convection efficiency at high altitudes; it also ignores the effects of strong ultraviolet radiation, which continuously degrades the performance of sheet metal connectors and radiators; and it overlooks the combined effects of high altitude, strong ultraviolet radiation, and operating conditions. High-frequency power surges accelerate the coating peeling process induced by ultraviolet radiation, while the cumulative effect over time creates a resonance effect between the decrease in air density under low air pressure and the degradation of radiator performance, leading to a significant bias in the assessment of the impact of temperature on the radiator. Furthermore, this single-parameter threshold warning mechanism assesses temperature and vibration separately, neglecting the synergistic effect between temperature and mechanical vibration.

[0004] In summary, the existing operation and maintenance system lacks the ability to perform multi-parameter dynamic coupling analysis, resulting in biased early warnings and delayed operation and maintenance responses, which seriously restricts the reliability and economic operation of photovoltaic energy storage systems in high-altitude environments. Summary of the Invention

[0005] In order to overcome the above-mentioned technical problems in the prior art, the present invention provides an operation and maintenance management system and method for a high-altitude photovoltaic energy storage air-cooled system.

[0006] In a first aspect, the present invention provides an operation and maintenance management system for a high-altitude photovoltaic energy storage air-cooled system. The air-cooled system includes a radiator and a fan bearing. The operation and maintenance management system includes: a temperature acquisition device disposed around the radiator for acquiring the radiator temperature; a vibration sensing device disposed on the fan bearing for acquiring the fan vibration; an environmental monitoring device disposed at the installation site for acquiring environmental parameters of the installation site, including ultraviolet radiation intensity and altitude; and a main control device electrically connected to the temperature acquisition device, the vibration sensing device, and the environmental monitoring device. The main control device is used to acquire equipment operating parameters of the air-cooled system, determine a temperature component based on the radiator temperature, correct the temperature component based on the altitude, the ultraviolet radiation intensity, and the equipment operating parameters, determine a system health index based on the corrected temperature and vibration components, and dynamically regulate the air-cooled system based on the system health index.

[0007] Furthermore, the main control device is specifically used to: analyze the temperature distribution of the radiator, obtain the maximum temperature difference and temperature gradient on the surface of the radiator, and determine the temperature component based on the maximum temperature difference and the temperature gradient; analyze the vibration distribution of the fan, obtain the effective value of the fan vibration acceleration and the center frequency and energy ratio of different characteristic frequency bands, and determine the vibration component based on the effective value of acceleration, the center frequency and the energy ratio.

[0008] Furthermore, the formula for determining the temperature component based on the maximum temperature difference and the temperature gradient is as follows: ,in, Represents temperature components. Indicates the maximum temperature difference. Indicates the maximum temperature difference at the reference point. Indicates the parameter affecting temperature difference. This represents the magnitude of the temperature gradient in the i-th region of the heat sink. This indicates the parameter that affects the temperature gradient. Represents the reference temperature gradient. These are the weighting coefficients.

[0009] Furthermore, the formula for determining the vibration component based on the effective value of acceleration, the center frequency, and the energy percentage is as follows: ,in, Represents vibration components, This represents the effective value of vibration acceleration. Indicates the parameters affecting vibration intensity. Indicates the first The center frequency of each characteristic frequency band Indicates the center frequency of the reference characteristic frequency band. Indicates the first The proportion of frequency band energy in each characteristic frequency band Indicates the energy percentage of the reference frequency band. This indicates the parameter that affects the vibration frequency.

[0010] Further, correcting the temperature component based on the altitude, the ultraviolet radiation intensity, and the equipment operating parameters includes: determining a dynamic altitude coefficient based on the altitude, the ultraviolet radiation intensity, and the equipment operating parameters, wherein the dynamic altitude coefficient is characterized as: ,in, Indicates the dynamic altitude coefficient. Indicates altitude, Indicates the reference altitude. Indicates the parameters affecting altitude. Indicates the number of days the equipment has been running. Indicates the intensity of power loss fluctuation. Indicates the base time. Indicates the parameters affecting the equipment. Indicates ultraviolet radiation intensity. Indicates the baseline ultraviolet radiation intensity. The parameters representing the influence of ultraviolet radiation are used to correct the temperature component based on the dynamic altitude coefficient.

[0011] Furthermore, the main control module is specifically used to: determine the system health index based on the thermal-vibration coupling effect and the corrected temperature and vibration components, wherein the system health index is characterized as: , ,in, Indicates the system's health index. Indicates thermal-vibration coupling compensation. , All are constant coefficients. Indicates the magnification factor. Indicates the regulating factor. This represents the corrected temperature components. Indicates the temperature threshold. This indicates the vibration threshold.

[0012] Furthermore, the main control module is specifically used to: control the converter to reduce its operating power and control the wind turbine to maintain its current operating power when the system health index is less than a first threshold and greater than a second threshold; control the converter to reduce its operating power and control the wind turbine to increase its operating power when the system health index is less than a second threshold and greater than a third threshold; and control the converter and the wind turbine to stop operating when the system health index is less than a third threshold; wherein the first threshold is greater than the second threshold and the second threshold is greater than the third threshold.

[0013] Further, the main control module is specifically used to: control the converter to operate at the first converter power and control the wind turbine to maintain its current power operation when the system health index is less than the first threshold, greater than the second threshold, and the dynamic altitude coefficient is less than the first altitude coefficient; control the converter to operate at the second converter power and control the wind turbine to operate at the first wind turbine power when the system health index is less than the first threshold, greater than the second threshold, and the dynamic altitude coefficient is greater than the first altitude coefficient and less than the second altitude coefficient; and control the converter to operate at the second converter power and control the wind turbine to operate at the first wind turbine power when the health index is less than the second threshold, greater than the third threshold, and the dynamic altitude coefficient is greater than the first altitude coefficient and less than the second altitude coefficient. The converter operates at the power of the third converter and controls the wind turbine to operate at the power of the second wind turbine. When the system health index is less than the second threshold and greater than the third threshold, and the dynamic altitude coefficient is greater than the second altitude coefficient, the converter is controlled to operate at the power of the fourth converter and the wind turbine is controlled to operate at the power of the third wind turbine. When the system health index is less than the third threshold or the drop exceeds a set range within a preset time, the converter and the wind turbine are controlled to stop operating. The first altitude coefficient is less than the second altitude coefficient; the power of the first converter is greater than the power of the second converter, the power of the second converter is greater than the power of the third converter, and the power of the first wind turbine is less than the power of the second wind turbine.

[0014] Secondly, the present invention provides an operation and maintenance method for a high-altitude photovoltaic energy storage air-cooled system, the method comprising: collecting the radiator temperature, fan vibration, ultraviolet intensity, altitude, and equipment operating parameters of the air-cooled system; determining a temperature component based on the radiator temperature; correcting the temperature component based on the altitude, ultraviolet intensity, and equipment operating parameters; determining a system health index based on the corrected temperature component and vibration component; and dynamically regulating the air-cooled system based on the system health index.

[0015] Thirdly, the present invention provides a computer-readable storage medium having a computer program stored thereon, which, when executed by a processor, implements the method described above.

[0016] This invention has at least the following technical effects:

[0017] By integrating parameters such as altitude, historical operating time, and ultraviolet radiation, the temperature component calculation is dynamically corrected, significantly improving the temperature impact assessment in high-altitude scenarios. It considers the synergistic effect of temperature and vibration to accurately assess the system's health status, avoiding the limitations of single-parameter analysis. Based on a health index-based graded trigger control strategy, it balances heat dissipation requirements with equipment safety, effectively reducing the risk of sudden downtime and energy loss, achieving precise operation and maintenance, reducing redundant maintenance, significantly shortening the fault repair cycle, and improving the economic efficiency of operation and maintenance.

[0018] Other features and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail in the following detailed description section. Attached Figure Description

[0019] The accompanying drawings are provided to further illustrate the embodiments of the present invention and form part of the specification. They are used together with the following detailed description to explain the embodiments of the present invention, but do not constitute a limitation on the embodiments of the present invention.

[0020] Figure 1 A system block diagram of an operation and maintenance management system for a high-altitude photovoltaic energy storage air-cooled system provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0021] Figure 2 The present invention provides a flowchart of an intelligent operation and maintenance method for a high-altitude photovoltaic energy storage air-cooled system. Detailed Implementation

[0022] The specific embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are for illustration and explanation only and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention.

[0023] In this invention, the terms "system" and "network" are used interchangeably. "Multiple" refers to two or more; therefore, in this invention, "multiple" can also be understood as "at least two." "And / or" describes the relationship between related objects, indicating that three relationships can exist. For example, A and / or B can represent: A alone, A and B simultaneously, or B alone. Additionally, the character " / ", unless otherwise specified, generally indicates that the preceding and following related objects have an "or" relationship. Furthermore, it should be understood that in the description of this invention, terms such as "first" and "second" are used only for descriptive purposes and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or order.

[0024] The air-cooling system of a photovoltaic energy storage system mainly includes a fan, a heat sink, related sheet metal connectors, and temperature and vibration sensors. In a conventional implementation, a heat sink is installed on top of the power module of the energy storage converter, and a fan is installed on top of the heat sink. The fan is surrounded by sheet metal to form a sealed air cavity. Corresponding air inlets are opened on the contact surface between the heat sink and the air cavity. A temperature sensor is installed on the surface of the heat sink, and a vibration sensor is installed on the fan bearing. When the operation and maintenance management system is working, the surface temperature of the heat sink is collected by the temperature sensor, and the vibration intensity of the fan bearing is collected by the vibration sensor. When the surface temperature of the heat sink collected by the temperature sensor exceeds a preset temperature threshold or the vibration intensity collected by the vibration sensor exceeds a preset vibration threshold, an alarm is triggered to prompt the staff to perform maintenance.

[0025] Low air pressure at high altitudes affects convection efficiency, reducing heat dissipation efficiency. Strong ultraviolet radiation continuously degrades the properties of sheet metal connectors and radiators, further reducing heat dissipation efficiency. The combined effects of high altitude, strong ultraviolet radiation, and operating conditions—high-frequency power surges accelerating UV-induced coating peeling—and the cumulative effect of low-pressure air density decay and radiator performance degradation create a resonance effect, leading to a significant bias in the assessment of the impact of temperature on radiators. Therefore, under the special condition of high altitude, a single-threshold early warning method is not applicable, as it ignores the influence of high altitude, strong ultraviolet radiation, and long-term operation on temperature, and also ignores the synergistic effect of vibration and temperature.

[0026] Example 1

[0027] Please refer to Figure 1 Based on the above, this invention provides an operation and maintenance management system for a high-altitude photovoltaic energy storage air-cooled system. The air-cooled system includes a radiator and a fan bearing. The operation and maintenance management system includes: a temperature acquisition device disposed around the radiator for acquiring the radiator temperature; a vibration sensing device disposed on the fan bearing for acquiring the fan vibration; an environmental monitoring device disposed at the installation site for acquiring environmental parameters of the installation site, including ultraviolet radiation intensity and altitude; and a main control device electrically connected to the temperature acquisition device, the vibration sensing device, and the environmental monitoring device. The main control device is used to acquire the equipment operating parameters of the air-cooled system, determine a temperature component based on the radiator temperature, correct the temperature component based on the altitude, the ultraviolet radiation intensity, and the equipment operating parameters, determine a system health index based on the corrected temperature and vibration components, and dynamically regulate the air-cooled system based on the system health index.

[0028] In a preferred embodiment, the temperature acquisition device is an infrared thermal imager array arranged in a 5cm×5cm grid on the surface of the radiator to monitor the radiator temperature. The vibration sensing device is a triaxial vibration sensor used to capture fan bearing vibrations in the 10Hz-1kHz frequency band. The environmental monitoring device includes an ultraviolet (UV) monitoring device and an altitude monitoring device. The UV monitoring device is a full-band UV radiometer used to measure radiation intensity in the 280-400nm band. The altitude monitoring device is a high-precision digital barometer that calculates altitude by measuring local air pressure in real time. The temperature acquisition device, vibration sensing device, UV monitoring device, and altitude monitoring device are electrically connected to a main control device, which is, for example, a device equipped with a processor or storage device, such as a personal computer, tablet computer, or cloud server.

[0029] Traditional operation and maintenance management systems typically employ a single temperature threshold assessment mechanism, such as triggering operation and maintenance instructions or control strategies only when the temperature at a monitoring point exceeds a preset threshold. This method has significant limitations: First, it focuses only on the absolute value of local temperatures while ignoring the characterization effect of the maximum temperature difference on the overall thermal balance of the radiator. Exceeding the maximum temperature difference often indicates a decline in the overall efficiency of the cooling system, but existing methods cannot provide early warnings due to the lack of multi-point temperature field analysis capabilities. Second, it does not introduce temperature gradient parameters to identify the risk of localized heat accumulation. For example, when a certain area of ​​the radiator experiences a normal temperature difference (e.g., ΔT_max = 15℃) but a sharp increase in the temperature gradient (e.g., ∇T > 300℃ / m) due to dust blockage or airflow distortion, traditional systems, lacking a gradient monitoring dimension, suffer from severe biases in their temperature impact assessments.

[0030] To address the aforementioned technical problems, in this embodiment of the invention, the main control device is specifically configured to: analyze the temperature distribution of the radiator based on the radiator temperature, obtain the maximum temperature difference and temperature gradient on the radiator surface, and determine the temperature component based on the maximum temperature difference and the temperature gradient; analyze the vibration distribution of the fan, obtain the effective value of the fan vibration acceleration and the center frequency and energy proportion of different characteristic frequency bands, and determine the vibration component based on the effective value of acceleration, the center frequency, and the energy proportion.

[0031] In one possible implementation, on the one hand, temperature distribution analysis is performed based on the collected radiator temperature to obtain the maximum temperature difference and temperature gradient on the radiator surface. Maximum temperature difference thresholds and temperature gradient thresholds are then set, and independent early warnings are issued based on these thresholds. However, in practical applications, this method does not consider the dynamic coupling relationship between the maximum temperature difference and temperature gradient, resulting in an inaccurate assessment of the combined risk of local thermal stress accumulation and global heat dissipation imbalance. To address this problem, this invention further proposes a model for the coordinated calculation of maximum temperature difference and temperature gradient.

[0032] In this embodiment of the invention, the formula for determining the temperature component based on the maximum temperature difference and the temperature gradient is as follows:

[0033] .

[0034] in, Represents temperature components. Indicates the maximum temperature difference. Indicates the maximum temperature difference at the reference point. Indicates the parameter affecting temperature difference. This represents the magnitude of the temperature gradient in the i-th region of the heat sink. This indicates the parameter that affects the temperature gradient. Represents the reference temperature gradient. These are the weighting coefficients.

[0035] Specifically, a high-precision temperature sensor array is arranged in a 5cm×5cm grid on the surface of the heat sink to generate a temperature distribution map in real time. The main control module calculates the maximum temperature difference, i.e., the maximum difference between adjacent sensors and the temperature gradient of each region. The method for calculating the temperature gradient of each region is the adjacent three-point difference method. The calculation methods for the maximum temperature difference and the temperature gradient are existing technologies and will not be elaborated in this embodiment of the invention. The temperature difference influence parameters, the temperature gradient influence parameters, and the weighting coefficients are obtained through experimental fitting. When the maximum temperature difference is close to the reference maximum temperature difference, To amplify the effect of the maximum temperature difference and increase its contribution, when the temperature gradient exceeds the reference temperature gradient, Amplify the effect of the temperature gradient and increase its contribution.

[0036] The embodiments of the present invention realize the quantitative fusion of two parameters, temperature gradient and maximum temperature difference, which can simultaneously capture the overall temperature and local temperature anomalies, thereby improving the accuracy of temperature impact assessment.

[0037] In existing technologies, linear correction of the temperature component based on a single altitude does not consider the coupled effects of ultraviolet radiation intensity, equipment operating time, and power loss fluctuations on heat dissipation efficiency. For example, simply fixing the altitude gradient, such as a 10% decrease in heat dissipation efficiency for every 1000 meters increase, fails to account for the significant changes in radiator performance caused by ultraviolet radiation accelerating material aging and dust accumulation from long-term operation in real-world environments, leading to excessive model prediction bias. Furthermore, existing methods do not quantify the cumulative effect of power surges on equipment thermal shock, failing to accurately reflect the dynamic degradation process in high-altitude environments. Therefore, this invention further proposes a dynamic altitude coefficient that comprehensively considers altitude, ultraviolet radiation intensity, and equipment operating parameters to correct the temperature component.

[0038] In this embodiment of the invention, the temperature component is corrected based on the altitude, the ultraviolet radiation intensity, and the equipment operating parameters, including:

[0039] A dynamic altitude coefficient is determined based on the altitude, the ultraviolet radiation intensity, and the equipment operating parameters. The dynamic altitude coefficient is characterized as follows:

[0040]

[0041] in, Indicates the dynamic altitude coefficient. Indicates altitude, Indicates the reference altitude. Indicates the parameters affecting altitude. Indicates the number of days the equipment has been running. Indicates the intensity of power loss fluctuation. Indicates the base time. Indicates the parameters affecting the equipment. Indicates ultraviolet radiation intensity. Indicates the baseline ultraviolet radiation intensity. The parameters representing the influence of ultraviolet radiation are used to correct the temperature component based on the dynamic altitude coefficient.

[0042] Specifically, in a high-altitude photovoltaic power station, a digital barometric pressure sensor and a full-band ultraviolet radiometer are deployed to collect altitude and ultraviolet intensity data in real time. The number of days the equipment has been running is accumulated via a system clock. The power loss fluctuation intensity is calculated every 15 minutes by the converter monitoring module, and then the dynamic altitude coefficient is calculated using the formula mentioned above. The preferred reference altitude is 2000m, and the preferred reference ultraviolet intensity is 1000m. 2. The reference time is preferably 1000h, and the altitude influence parameters, equipment influence parameters, and ultraviolet influence parameters are obtained through experimental fitting.

[0043] This embodiment uses a dynamic altitude coefficient to accurately quantify the synergistic effects of air density, ultraviolet aging, and equipment degradation in high-altitude environments, significantly reducing temperature assessment bias, effectively avoiding overheating risks caused by model inaccuracies, and improving the system's reliability in high-altitude environments.

[0044] The effective value of vibration acceleration (RMCA) is an important indicator for measuring vibration intensity. The RMS value reflects the average energy level during vibration, and is obtained by performing root mean square (RMS) calculation on the vibration acceleration over a period of time. A larger RMS value indicates a greater overall vibration intensity and potentially more severe degradation of the wind turbine. Traditional operation and maintenance (O&M) management systems typically employ a single vibration threshold assessment mechanism. For example, they trigger O&M commands or control strategies only when the RMS value of vibration acceleration at a monitoring point exceeds a preset threshold. This approach, relying solely on the time-domain parameter of RMS acceleration, fails to analyze the frequency-domain characteristics of vibration energy. While a possible real-time approach could determine vibration components based on the RMS value and spectral centroid, practical applications, particularly in high-altitude areas, present significant maintenance challenges. This method lacks a clear monitoring target and cannot quickly respond to typical wind turbine vibration faults.

[0045] The center frequency of the characteristic frequency band is the frequency at which the spectral energy is concentrated within different frequency bands, reflecting the centroid position of the actual energy distribution. The low-frequency band is 10-100Hz, related to the unbalanced vibration of the wind turbine impeller; the mid-frequency band is 100-500Hz, related to the damage vibration of the bearing raceway; and the high-frequency band is between 500-1000Hz, related to phenomena such as structural resonance. The frequency band energy ratio represents the proportion of vibration energy within the frequency band to the total vibration energy. Changes in the energy ratio of different frequency bands can reflect the type and severity of wind turbine faults. To differentiate the indicative significance of different frequency band energy distributions for typical fault types and to improve the contribution of typical faults to vibration assessment, this embodiment of the invention further comprehensively considers the effective value of vibration acceleration, center frequency, and energy ratio to assess the vibration of the wind turbine bearing.

[0046] In this embodiment of the invention, the formula for determining the vibration component based on the effective value of acceleration, the center frequency, and the energy percentage is as follows:

[0047] .

[0048] in, Represents vibration components, This represents the effective value of vibration acceleration. Indicates the parameters affecting vibration intensity. Indicates the first The center frequency of each characteristic frequency band Indicates the center frequency of the reference characteristic frequency band. Indicates the first The proportion of frequency band energy in each characteristic frequency band Indicates the energy percentage of the reference frequency band. This indicates the parameter that affects the vibration frequency.

[0049] Specifically, when determining the vibration components, FFT spectrum analysis is performed on the wind turbine vibration signal to divide the vibration signal into three characteristic frequency bands: low frequency (10-100Hz), mid frequency (100-500Hz), and high frequency (500-1000Hz). The center frequency and energy proportion of each frequency band are calculated. For each frequency band, its center frequency is compared with the reference frequency, and its energy proportion is compared with the reference energy proportion. Then, these two ratios are multiplied and raised to the power of the power. The power of the power amplifies the ratio nonlinearly, highlighting the influence of frequency bands that differ significantly from the reference state on the vibration. After this operation, its contribution to the sum will be significantly increased. The values ​​of the three frequency bands after the above operation are added together and then divided by the total number of frequency bands to obtain the contribution value of this part to the vibration component. By comprehensively considering the influence of different frequency bands, the abnormal value of a single frequency band is avoided from having an excessively dominant effect on the degradation. The method for calculating the center frequency and energy proportion of the frequency band is existing technology and will not be described in detail in this embodiment of the invention.

[0050] This embodiment improves the contribution of typical fan failures in the vibration impact assessment of air-cooled systems by comprehensively considering parameters such as the effective value of vibration acceleration, the center frequency of the characteristic frequency band, and the proportion of frequency band energy. This enhances the accuracy of system operation and maintenance and avoids over-maintenance. Furthermore, the vibration component calculation process data can accurately identify early bearing damage or impeller imbalance, providing strong data support for subsequent system maintenance.

[0051] The thermal-vibration coupling effect accelerates the degradation of a system. For example, high temperatures reduce the fatigue strength of materials (e.g., the fatigue limit of aluminum alloys decreases by 30% at 80℃), while vibration loads accelerate crack initiation. The synergistic effect of the two can increase the crack propagation rate by more than three times. Local temperature rise in the radiator leads to thermal expansion of the structure, which may change the natural frequency of the system and induce resonance (e.g., when ΔT_max>20℃, the resonance frequency of a certain type of converter shifts by 15%, and the vibration energy surges by 200%). Therefore, the embodiments of the present invention also need to consider the thermal-vibration coupling effect to correct the system health index in order to improve the accuracy of the system health status assessment.

[0052] In this embodiment of the invention, the main control module is specifically used for:

[0053] The system health index is determined based on the thermal-vibration coupling effect and the corrected temperature and vibration components. The system health index is characterized as follows:

[0054]

[0055]

[0056] in, Indicates the system's health index. Indicates thermal-vibration coupling compensation. , All are constant coefficients. Indicates the magnification factor. Indicates the regulating factor. This represents the corrected temperature components. Indicates the temperature threshold. This indicates the vibration threshold.

[0057] This embodiment quantifies the coupling effect between temperature and vibration through a thermal-vibration coupling compensation term. When both exceed a certain threshold simultaneously, the compensation term increases significantly, reflecting the accelerated degradation effect of the combined effect of the two on the equipment, thereby correcting the assessment results of the health index.

[0058] In a preferred embodiment, the aging effect of ultraviolet light on the equipment can also be considered to further compensate for the system health index. The compensation coefficient can be determined experimentally.

[0059] In this embodiment of the invention, the main control module is specifically used to: control the converter to reduce its operating power and control the wind turbine to maintain its current operating power when the system health index is less than a first threshold and greater than a second threshold; control the converter to reduce its operating power and control the wind turbine to increase its operating power when the system health index is less than a second threshold and greater than a third threshold; and control the converter and the wind turbine to stop operating when the system health index is less than a third threshold. The first threshold is greater than the second threshold, and the second threshold is greater than the third threshold. Preferably, the first threshold is 80, the second threshold is 70, and the third threshold is 60.

[0060] Specifically, when the system health index first drops to between 70 and 80, the main control module adjusts the duty cycle of the pulse width modulation signal to limit the converter output power to 90% of the current power (or rated power). For example, the output power of a 500kW converter is reduced to 450kW, reducing heat generation by approximately 12.5%. Simultaneously, the current fan speed is maintained to prevent further reduction in cooling airflow due to speed reduction; the fan current is monitored in real time by the PID controller to ensure its fluctuation range is ≤±3%. During this process, a data verification mechanism is initiated: the radiator temperature distribution and vibration spectrum are re-acquired every 15 minutes to verify the DHI calculation results and eliminate transient interference (such as short-term temperature rise caused by cloud cover).

[0061] During the mild degradation phase of the system, limiting converter power reduces the heat load while maintaining optimal turbine operating conditions. This avoids secondary degradation of heat dissipation efficiency and provides maintenance personnel with a response window of more than 48 hours. For example, in a high-altitude power plant, this strategy was triggered when the DHI dropped from 78 to 72, stabilizing the IGBT junction temperature from 98°C to 88°C and preventing power generation losses due to emergency shutdowns.

[0062] Specifically, when DHI remains below the second threshold, the main control module initiates enhanced control: limiting the power of the converter to 80% of its rated value, such as reducing the output power of a 500kW converter to 450kW, while simultaneously increasing the power of the fan to compensate for the decrease in air density caused by low air pressure.

[0063] In some preferred embodiments, if the air-cooling system is equipped with a backup air duct, the backup air duct valve can be opened to inject clean airflow with a temperature ≤10℃ to improve local heat dissipation efficiency.

[0064] During the moderate degradation stage, increasing the turbine speed and introducing low-temperature airflow significantly enhances heat dissipation capacity. For example, in a power station at an altitude of 4800 meters, the DHI recovered from 68 to 75, the IGBT junction temperature dropped from 105℃ to 92℃, and the bearing vibration energy decreased by 40%, extending the bearing replacement cycle to 1.5 times the original plan.

[0065] Specifically, when DHI is below 60, the main control module executes emergency protection, cuts off the IGBT drive signal, and quickly discharges residual energy through the circuit breaker and anti-parallel diode to avoid bus voltage overshoot. It also controls the fan power to linearly return to zero within 5 minutes to prevent bearing reverse stress caused by emergency stop and generates a maintenance work order. The maintenance work order can be obtained based on historical calculation data, such as abnormal temperature gradient areas in the temperature component calculation process or vibration characteristic frequency bands in the vibration component calculation process. Priority work orders are generated, and abnormal parts identified by these data are marked as high-risk components.

[0066] In some preferred embodiments, cloud-based collaborative diagnosis can also be performed, where existing big data fault vibration models can be called up to more accurately locate the fault location.

[0067] During severe fault phases, rapid shutdown and vibration suppression prevented cascading damage to equipment. For example, in one power plant, a radiator blockage caused the DHI (Discharge Hierarchy Index) to plummet from 65 to 50. Simultaneously, a work order was generated to precisely pinpoint the blockage area, reducing repair time by 60%.

[0068] While hierarchical control based on system health indices can improve maintenance accuracy, it ignores the actual risk differences under dynamic altitude coefficients, which can lead to increased turbine power. This is because dynamic altitude coefficients affect not only temperature but also overall health status. Therefore, embodiments of the present invention further consider dual-parameter hierarchical control based on both dynamic altitude coefficients and system health indices.

[0069] In a preferred embodiment, the main control module is specifically configured to: control the converter to operate at the first converter power and control the wind turbine to maintain its current power operation when the system health index is less than the first threshold, greater than the second threshold, and the dynamic altitude coefficient is less than the first altitude coefficient; control the converter to operate at the second converter power and control the wind turbine to operate at the first wind turbine power when the system health index is less than the first threshold, greater than the second threshold, and the dynamic altitude coefficient is greater than the first altitude coefficient and less than the second altitude coefficient; and control the converter to operate at the second converter power and control the wind turbine to operate at the first wind turbine power when the health index is less than the second threshold, greater than the third threshold, and the dynamic altitude coefficient is greater than the first altitude coefficient and less than the second altitude coefficient; and control the converter to operate at the second converter power and control the wind turbine to maintain its current power operation when the system health index is less than the first threshold, greater than the second threshold, and the dynamic altitude coefficient is greater than the first altitude coefficient and less than the second altitude coefficient. The inverter operates at the power of the third inverter and controls the fan to operate at the power of the second fan. When the system health index is less than the second threshold and greater than the third threshold, and the dynamic altitude coefficient is greater than the second altitude coefficient, the inverter is controlled to operate at the power of the fourth inverter and the fan is controlled to operate at the power of the third fan. When the system health index is less than the third threshold or the drop exceeds a set range within a preset time, the inverter and the fan are controlled to stop operating, the first altitude coefficient is less than the second altitude coefficient, the power of the first inverter is greater than the power of the second inverter, the power of the second inverter is greater than the power of the third inverter, and the power of the first fan is less than the power of the second fan.

[0070] Specifically, the first altitude coefficient is preferably 2.5, and the second altitude coefficient is preferably 3.

[0071] The hierarchical control execution process for determining the system health index and dynamic altitude coefficient as dual parameters is similar to the hierarchical control execution process for determining the system health index as a single parameter in the above embodiments, and will not be described again in this embodiment.

[0072] In summary, by integrating parameters such as altitude, historical operating time, and ultraviolet radiation, and dynamically correcting the temperature component calculation, the assessment of temperature impact in high-altitude scenarios is significantly improved. The system's health status is accurately assessed by considering the synergistic effect of temperature and vibration, avoiding the limitations of single-parameter analysis. Based on a health index-based graded trigger control strategy, heat dissipation requirements and equipment safety are balanced, effectively reducing the risk of sudden downtime and energy loss. This achieves precise operation and maintenance, reduces redundant maintenance, significantly shortens the fault repair cycle, and improves the economic efficiency of operation and maintenance.

[0073] Example 2

[0074] like Figure 2 As shown in the figure, this invention provides an intelligent operation and maintenance method for a high-altitude photovoltaic energy storage air-cooled system, the method comprising:

[0075] Step 1: Collect data on the radiator temperature, fan vibration, ultraviolet radiation intensity, altitude, and equipment operating parameters of the air-cooled system;

[0076] Step 2: Determine the temperature component based on the radiator temperature; correct the temperature component based on the altitude, the ultraviolet radiation intensity, and the equipment operating parameters;

[0077] Step 4: Determine the system health index based on the corrected temperature and vibration components;

[0078] Step 5: Dynamically regulate the air-cooled system based on the system health index.

[0079] It should be understood that the intelligent operation and maintenance method for a high-altitude photovoltaic energy storage air-cooled system provided in this embodiment of the invention and the operation and maintenance management system for a high-altitude photovoltaic energy storage air-cooled system provided in the above embodiments are based on the same inventive concept. For more specific working principles of each module in this embodiment of the invention, please refer to the above embodiments, which will not be repeated in this embodiment.

[0080] The optional embodiments of the present invention have been described in detail above with reference to the accompanying drawings. However, the embodiments of the present invention are not limited to the specific details in the above embodiments. Within the scope of the technical concept of the embodiments of the present invention, various simple modifications can be made to the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, and these simple modifications all fall within the protection scope of the embodiments of the present invention.

[0081] It should also be noted that the various specific technical features described in the above embodiments can be combined in any suitable manner without contradiction. To avoid unnecessary repetition, the embodiments of the present invention will not describe the various possible combinations separately.

[0082] Those skilled in the art will understand that all or part of the steps in the systems described in the above embodiments can be implemented by a program instructing related hardware. This program is stored in a storage medium and includes several instructions to cause a microcontroller, chip, or processor to execute all or part of the steps of the systems described in the various embodiments of this application. The aforementioned storage medium includes various media capable of storing program code, such as a USB flash drive, a portable hard drive, a read-only memory (ROM), a random access memory (RAM), a magnetic disk, or an optical disk.

[0083] Furthermore, various different implementations of the present invention can be combined arbitrarily, as long as they do not violate the spirit of the present invention, they should also be regarded as the content disclosed in the present invention.

Claims

1. An operation and maintenance management system for a high-altitude photovoltaic energy storage air-cooled system, wherein the air-cooled system includes a radiator and a fan bearing, characterized in that, The operation and maintenance management system includes: A temperature acquisition device is disposed around the radiator to collect the radiator temperature. A vibration sensing device is mounted on the fan bearing to collect the fan vibration of the fan bearing; An environmental monitoring device is configured at the installation site to collect environmental parameters of the installation site, including ultraviolet radiation intensity and altitude. The main control device is electrically connected to the temperature acquisition device, the vibration sensing device, and the environmental monitoring device. The main control device is used to collect the equipment operating parameters of the air-cooling system, determine the temperature component based on the radiator temperature, correct the temperature component based on the altitude, the ultraviolet intensity, and the equipment operating parameters, determine the system health index based on the corrected temperature component and vibration component, and dynamically regulate the air-cooling system based on the system health index. The main control device is specifically used for: Based on the radiator temperature analysis, the temperature distribution of the radiator is obtained, the maximum temperature difference and temperature gradient on the radiator surface are obtained, and the temperature components are determined according to the maximum temperature difference and the temperature gradient. Based on the vibration analysis of the fan, the vibration distribution of the fan is obtained, the effective value of the acceleration of the fan vibration and the center frequency and energy ratio of different characteristic frequency bands are obtained, and the vibration components are determined according to the effective value of acceleration, the center frequency and the energy ratio. The formula for determining the temperature component based on the maximum temperature difference and the temperature gradient is as follows: ， in, Represents temperature components. Indicates the maximum temperature difference. Indicates the maximum temperature difference at the reference point. Indicates the parameter affecting temperature difference. This represents the magnitude of the temperature gradient in the i-th region of the heat sink. This indicates the parameter that affects the temperature gradient. Represents the reference temperature gradient. These are weighting coefficients; The formula for determining the vibration component based on the effective value of acceleration, the center frequency, and the energy percentage is as follows: ， in, Represents vibration components, This represents the effective value of vibration acceleration. Indicates the parameters affecting vibration intensity. Indicates the first The center frequency of each characteristic frequency band Indicates the center frequency of the reference characteristic frequency band. Indicates the first The proportion of frequency band energy in each characteristic frequency band Indicates the energy percentage of the reference frequency band. Indicates the parameters that affect the vibration frequency; Correcting the temperature component based on the altitude, the ultraviolet radiation intensity, and the equipment operating parameters includes: A dynamic altitude coefficient is determined based on the altitude, the ultraviolet radiation intensity, and the equipment operating parameters. The dynamic altitude coefficient is characterized as follows: ， in, Indicates the dynamic altitude coefficient. Indicates altitude, Indicates the reference altitude. Indicates the parameters affecting altitude. Indicates the number of days the equipment has been running. Indicates the intensity of power loss fluctuation. Indicates the base time. Indicates the parameters affecting the equipment. Indicates ultraviolet radiation intensity. Indicates the baseline ultraviolet radiation intensity. Indicates parameters related to the influence of ultraviolet radiation; The temperature component is corrected based on the dynamic altitude coefficient; The main control device is specifically used for: The system health index is determined based on the thermal-vibration coupling effect and the corrected temperature and vibration components. The system health index is characterized as follows: ， ， in, Indicates the system's health index. Indicates thermal-vibration coupling compensation. , All are constant coefficients. Indicates the magnification factor. Indicates the regulating factor. This represents the corrected temperature components. Indicates the temperature threshold. This indicates the vibration threshold.

2. The operation and maintenance management system for a high-altitude photovoltaic energy storage air-cooled system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The main control device is specifically used for: When the system health index is less than a first threshold and greater than a second threshold, the converter is controlled to reduce its operating power, and the wind turbine is controlled to maintain its current operating power. When the system health index is less than the second threshold and greater than the third threshold, the converter is controlled to reduce its operating power, and the fan is controlled to increase its operating power. When the system health index is less than the third threshold, the converter and the wind turbine shall be stopped. Wherein, the first threshold is greater than the second threshold, and the second threshold is greater than the third threshold.

3. The operation and maintenance management system for a high-altitude photovoltaic energy storage air-cooled system according to claim 2, characterized in that, The main control device is specifically used for: When the system health index is less than the first threshold, greater than the second threshold, and the dynamic altitude coefficient is less than the first altitude coefficient, the converter is controlled to operate at the first converter power, and the wind turbine is controlled to maintain the current power operation. When the system health index is less than the first threshold and greater than the second threshold, and the dynamic altitude coefficient is greater than the first altitude coefficient and less than the second altitude coefficient, the converter is controlled to operate at the second converter power, and the wind turbine is controlled to operate at the first wind turbine power. When the health index is less than the second threshold and greater than the third threshold, and the dynamic altitude coefficient is greater than the first altitude coefficient and less than the second altitude coefficient, the converter is controlled to operate at the third converter power, and the wind turbine is controlled to operate at the second wind turbine power. When the system health index is less than the second threshold and greater than the third threshold, and the dynamic altitude coefficient is greater than the second altitude coefficient, the converter is controlled to operate at the fourth converter power, and the wind turbine is controlled to operate at the third wind turbine power. When the system health index is less than the third threshold or the decrease within a preset time exceeds a set range, the converter and the fan will be controlled to stop operating. Wherein, the first altitude coefficient is less than the second altitude coefficient; the power of the first converter is greater than the power of the second converter, the power of the second converter is greater than the power of the third converter, and the power of the first wind turbine is less than the power of the second wind turbine.

4. A method for operation and maintenance of a high-altitude photovoltaic energy storage air-cooled system, applicable to the operation and maintenance management system described in any one of claims 1-3, characterized in that, The method includes: The radiator temperature, fan vibration, ultraviolet radiation intensity, altitude, and equipment operating parameters of the air-cooled system were collected. The temperature component is determined based on the radiator temperature; the temperature component is corrected based on the altitude, the ultraviolet radiation intensity, and the equipment operating parameters; The system health index is determined based on the corrected temperature and vibration components. The air-cooling system is dynamically adjusted based on the system health index. The method further includes: Based on the radiator temperature analysis, the temperature distribution of the radiator is obtained, the maximum temperature difference and temperature gradient on the radiator surface are obtained, and the temperature components are determined according to the maximum temperature difference and the temperature gradient. Based on the vibration analysis of the fan, the vibration distribution of the fan is obtained, the effective value of the acceleration of the fan vibration and the center frequency and energy ratio of different characteristic frequency bands are obtained, and the vibration components are determined according to the effective value of acceleration, the center frequency and the energy ratio. The formula for determining the temperature component based on the maximum temperature difference and the temperature gradient is as follows: ， in, Represents temperature components. Indicates the maximum temperature difference. Indicates the maximum temperature difference at the reference point. Indicates the parameter affecting temperature difference. This represents the magnitude of the temperature gradient in the i-th region of the heat sink. This indicates the parameter that affects the temperature gradient. Represents the reference temperature gradient. These are weighting coefficients; The formula for determining the vibration component based on the effective value of acceleration, the center frequency, and the energy percentage is as follows: ， in, Represents vibration components, This represents the effective value of vibration acceleration. Indicates the parameters affecting vibration intensity. Indicates the first The center frequency of each characteristic frequency band Indicates the center frequency of the reference characteristic frequency band. Indicates the first The proportion of frequency band energy in each characteristic frequency band Indicates the energy percentage of the reference frequency band. Indicates the parameters that affect the vibration frequency; Correcting the temperature component based on the altitude, the ultraviolet radiation intensity, and the equipment operating parameters includes: A dynamic altitude coefficient is determined based on the altitude, the ultraviolet radiation intensity, and the equipment operating parameters. The dynamic altitude coefficient is characterized as follows: ， in, Indicates the dynamic altitude coefficient. Indicates altitude, Indicates the reference altitude. Indicates the parameters affecting altitude. Indicates the number of days the equipment has been running. Indicates the intensity of power loss fluctuation. Indicates the base time. Indicates the parameters affecting the equipment. Indicates ultraviolet radiation intensity. Indicates the baseline ultraviolet radiation intensity. Indicates parameters related to the influence of ultraviolet radiation; The temperature component is corrected based on the dynamic altitude coefficient; The method further includes: The system health index is determined based on the thermal-vibration coupling effect and the corrected temperature and vibration components. The system health index is characterized as follows: ， ， in, Indicates the system's health index. Indicates thermal-vibration coupling compensation. , All are constant coefficients. Indicates the magnification factor. Indicates the regulating factor. This represents the corrected temperature components. Indicates the temperature threshold. This indicates the vibration threshold.

5. A computer-readable storage medium having a computer program stored thereon, characterized in that, When the program is executed by the processor, it implements the method of claim 4.

Images