Solar cell and preparation method and device thereof

Abstract

The invention provides a solar cell and a preparation method and device thereof. The method comprises the following steps: before laser sintering, monitoring the current irradiation intensity of an ultraviolet passivation device in real time by using an irradiation intensity detector; and comparing the current irradiation intensity with a preset irradiation intensity, and adjusting the current of the ultraviolet passivation device according to a comparison result, so that the irradiation intensity meets a preset requirement. The current irradiation intensity of the ultraviolet passivation device is monitored in real time through the irradiation intensity detector, and the current of the ultraviolet passivation device is adjusted according to the matching result of the current irradiation intensity and the preset irradiation intensity, so that the irradiation intensity finally generated by the ultraviolet passivation device can meet the preset requirement; therefore, the quality and the stability of a battery product are effectively improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of solar cell preparation, and in particular to a solar cell and a preparation method and device. Background Art

[0002] Laser sintering is a key step in the production of solar cells, playing a crucial role in improving their electrical performance. However, after laser sintering, defects such as dangling bonds may remain on the cell surface. These defects can affect the cell's passivation, thereby reducing the cell's fill factor (FF) and overall electrical performance. To address this issue, the industry has introduced ultraviolet (UV) passivation devices, such as UV-LED lamps, after laser sintering. These devices use high-energy photons to break dangling bonds, promoting atomic reconstruction and further improving the cell's passivation and electrical performance.

[0003] However, in practical applications, the irradiation intensity of these UV passivation devices is often difficult to precisely control.

[0004] Currently, when using ultraviolet passivation devices, production lines mainly rely on timed manual testing to monitor irradiation intensity. The irradiation intensity cannot be monitored in real time, resulting in large fluctuations in the actual irradiation intensity, which can easily lead to unstable battery cell quality and increase quality risks.

[0005] Therefore, how to ensure the quality of battery cells during the laser sintering process has become an urgent problem that needs to be solved. Summary of the Invention

[0006] The present invention provides a solar cell and a preparation method and device thereof, which are used to solve the problem of uncontrollable irradiation intensity in laser sintering in the prior art.

[0007] A method for preparing a solar cell, before laser sintering, uses an irradiation intensity detector to monitor the current irradiation intensity of an ultraviolet passivation device in real time;

[0008] The current irradiation intensity is compared with the preset irradiation intensity, and the current of the ultraviolet passivation device is adjusted according to the comparison result so that the irradiation intensity meets the preset requirement.

[0009] Furthermore, in the above-mentioned method for preparing a solar cell, during the ultraviolet passivation treatment, visible light in the 380-780 nm band is simultaneously introduced to perform composite light treatment on the cell;

[0010] The intensity of the visible light and the intensity of the ultraviolet light are in the following corresponding relationship:

[0011]

[0012] in, is the visible light intensity, is the UV intensity, k∈[0.05,0.15], b∈[10,30]mW / cm².

[0013] Furthermore, in the above-mentioned method for preparing a solar cell, the step of comparing the current irradiation intensity with a preset irradiation intensity and adjusting the current of the ultraviolet passivation device according to the comparison result includes:

[0014] Obtain the previous irradiation intensity from the irradiation intensity detector, input the previous irradiation intensity into a pre-trained current prediction model, and predict the irradiation intensity attenuation curve within the next 10 seconds based on the current prediction model;

[0015] If the predicted current value is lower than the preset threshold, the current of the ultraviolet passivation device is adjusted in advance according to the radiation intensity attenuation curve when the current radiation intensity does not deviate.

[0016] Furthermore, in the above-mentioned method for preparing a solar cell, the current prediction model is: the current prediction model is a neural network model based on the LSTM-attention mechanism.

[0017] Furthermore, in the above-mentioned method for preparing a solar cell, the ultraviolet wavelength range of the ultraviolet passivation device is 350-465 nm.

[0018] Furthermore, in the above-mentioned method for preparing a solar cell, the current irradiation intensity is compared with a preset irradiation intensity, and an alarm is triggered when the current irradiation intensity does not match the preset irradiation intensity.

[0019] A solar cell prepared by any of the above methods.

[0020] A solar cell manufacturing device includes: an irradiation intensity detector for real-time monitoring of the current irradiation intensity of an ultraviolet passivation device before laser sintering;

[0021] The control system is used to compare the current irradiation intensity with the preset irradiation intensity and adjust the current of the ultraviolet passivation device according to the comparison result so that the irradiation intensity meets the preset requirement.

[0022] Furthermore, in the above-mentioned solar cell manufacturing device, the control system includes:

[0023] a comparing unit, configured to compare the current irradiation intensity with a preset irradiation intensity;

[0024] An alarm unit is used to trigger an alarm reminder when the current irradiation intensity does not match the preset irradiation intensity;

[0025] The current prediction model is used to predict the radiation intensity decay curve of the ultraviolet passivation device within the next 10 seconds using the previous radiation intensity of the radiation intensity detector;

[0026] The adjustment unit is used to adjust the current of the ultraviolet passivation device in advance according to the radiation intensity attenuation curve when the current value predicted by the current prediction model is lower than a preset threshold.

[0027] Furthermore, the solar cell manufacturing device as described above further includes: a visible light emitting module for generating visible light in the wavelength range of 380-780 nm;

[0028] The control system further comprises:

[0029] The light intensity ratio dynamic adjustment module is used to adjust the light intensity of the visible light according to the following relationship and transmit the obtained light intensity data to the visible light emitting module:

[0030]

[0031] in, is the visible light intensity, is the UV intensity, k∈[0.05,0.15], b∈[10,30]mW / cm².

[0032] The solar cell, preparation method, and device provided in the present application monitor the current irradiation intensity of the ultraviolet passivation device in real time through an irradiation intensity detector, and adjust the current of the ultraviolet passivation device according to the matching result between the current irradiation intensity and the preset irradiation intensity, so that the irradiation intensity finally generated by the ultraviolet passivation device can meet the preset requirements, thereby effectively improving the quality and stability of the battery product. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0033] Figure 1 A flow chart of the method for preparing a solar cell provided by the present invention;

[0034] Figure 2 The invention provides a device for preparing a solar cell. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0035] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the present invention more clear, the technical solutions of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the embodiments described are only some of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of them. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without making creative efforts shall fall within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0036] In the solar cell production process, after the laser sintering step, a UV passivation device (such as a UV-LED lamp) is typically added to further enhance the cell's passivation and electrical performance. However, in existing production line operations, monitoring the UV passivation device's irradiation intensity, such as the UV-LED lamp, primarily relies on periodic manual testing. This method cannot achieve real-time, continuous monitoring because manual testing requires manual intervention and has a limited test frequency. Due to the limitations of manual testing, subtle changes in irradiation intensity cannot be captured promptly. As a result, during actual production, the irradiation intensity may deviate from the preset range for a long time without being detected. The irradiation intensity of the UV passivation device directly affects the treatment effect on the cell surface. Large fluctuations in irradiation intensity mean that the cell receives inconsistent UV energy at different times, resulting in unstable passivation quality. Fluctuations in irradiation intensity can lead to inconsistent levels of dangling bond breakage and atomic reconstruction on the cell surface, which in turn affects the cell's fill factor (FF) and overall electrical performance. In order to overcome this technical difficulty, improve the irradiation intensity control accuracy of the ultraviolet passivation device, and thus enhance the stability and electrical performance of the battery cell, the present invention installs an irradiation intensity detector on the ultraviolet passivation device box to monitor the irradiation intensity value in real time, and automatically adjusts the output current of the ultraviolet passivation device through the control system to ensure the stability of the irradiation intensity, thereby further enhancing the quality and stability of the battery product.

[0037] Figure 1 The flow chart of the method for preparing a solar cell provided by the present invention is as follows: Figure 1 As shown, the method includes:

[0038] Step S1: Before laser sintering, the current irradiation intensity of the ultraviolet passivation device is detected in real time using an irradiation intensity detector.

[0039] Specifically, an irradiation intensity meter is used to monitor the current irradiation intensity of a UV passivation device (such as a UV-LED lamp) in real time. Irradiation intensity refers to the amount of UV energy received per unit area. It directly affects the UV passivation device's treatment of the cell surface, and thus the cell's passivation quality and electrical performance. The irradiation intensity meter is equipped with a specialized sensor that monitors UV irradiation intensity in real time and transmits the resulting intensity to the control system.

[0040] Step S2: comparing the current irradiation intensity with the preset irradiation intensity, and adjusting the current of the ultraviolet passivation device according to the comparison result so that the irradiation intensity meets the preset requirement.

[0041] Specifically, since the irradiation intensity of the ultraviolet passivation device in the prior art mainly relies on regular manual testing to monitor and cannot be adjusted in real time, the present application uses an irradiation intensity detector to monitor the current irradiation intensity of the ultraviolet passivation device in real time and compares it with the preset irradiation intensity pre-stored in the control system. If the current irradiation intensity is lower than the preset irradiation intensity, the current of the ultraviolet passivation device is adjusted to increase its irradiation intensity. Table 1 shows the corresponding relationship between standard irradiation intensity and current:

[0042] Table 1: Standard irradiation intensity and current mapping table:

[0043] The method provided in this application monitors the current irradiation intensity of the ultraviolet passivation device in real time through an irradiation intensity detector, and adjusts the current of the ultraviolet passivation device according to the matching result between the current irradiation intensity and the preset irradiation intensity, so that the irradiation intensity finally generated by the ultraviolet passivation device can meet the preset requirements, thereby effectively improving the quality and stability of the battery product.

[0044] Furthermore, the method provided by the present invention simultaneously introduces visible light in the 380-780nm band during the ultraviolet passivation treatment process to perform composite light treatment on the cell;

[0045] The intensity of the visible light and the intensity of the ultraviolet light are in the following corresponding relationship:

[0046] (1)

[0047] in, is the visible light intensity, is the UV intensity, k∈[0.05,0.15], b∈[10,30]mW / cm².

[0048] Specifically, ultraviolet light has high photon energy (2.66-3.54 eV) and can directly excite valence band electrons in silicon materials to transition to the conduction band, generating a large number of electron-hole pairs. At the same time, ultraviolet light has a stronger ability to break and recombine dangling bonds on the silicon surface, promoting the formation of surface passivation layers (such as SiO2 and SiNx). Visible light has lower photon energy (1.59-3.26 eV) and mainly excites subsurface carriers in the silicon body. Long-wavelength visible light (such as 600-780 nm) can penetrate deeper into the silicon substrate (10-100 μm), exciting carriers at defects in the body and promoting the body passivation effect. When the two spectra are used simultaneously in this application, ultraviolet light is responsible for surface defect repair, and visible light optimizes the carrier distribution in the body. By adjusting the light intensity ratio through the functional relationship of formula (1), a carrier concentration gradient from the surface to the body can be formed, suppressing the diffusion of carriers to the surface recombination center, thereby increasing the minority carrier lifetime and ultimately increasing the open circuit voltage of the cell.

[0049] Furthermore, the following is a detailed explanation of how to use the current irradiation intensity and the preset irradiation intensity to adjust the current of the ultraviolet passivation device, specifically including: obtaining the previous irradiation intensity of the irradiation intensity detector, and inputting the previous irradiation intensity into a pre-trained current prediction model, and predicting the irradiation intensity attenuation curve in the next 10 seconds based on the current prediction model; if the predicted current value is lower than the preset threshold, then when the current irradiation intensity has not deviated, the current of the ultraviolet passivation device is adjusted in advance according to the irradiation intensity attenuation curve.

[0050] Specifically, this application uses an irradiance intensity detector to obtain the current irradiance intensity of an ultraviolet passivation device (such as a UV-LED lamp) in real time. This acquired current irradiance intensity is then input into a pre-trained current prediction model. This model, trained based on historical data and algorithms, can predict the irradiance intensity decay curve over a future period (e.g., the next 10 seconds). Based on the input current irradiance intensity, the current prediction model combines its internal algorithm and historical data to predict the irradiance intensity change (or irradiance intensity decay curve) over the next 10 seconds. Based on Table 1, the current demand or change trend corresponding to the predicted irradiance intensity is then determined. Based on the predicted irradiance intensity decay curve, the expected irradiance intensity at a certain point in the future is calculated and determined to be below a preset threshold. If the predicted current value is below the preset threshold, it indicates that the irradiance intensity may drop to a level that does not meet production requirements within a certain period of time. In this case, even if the current irradiance intensity has not deviated, the current of the ultraviolet passivation device is adjusted in advance based on the irradiance intensity decay curve to prevent future irradiance intensity shortages.

[0051] The method provided by this invention predicts the future attenuation of radiation intensity and adjusts the current of the UV passivation device in advance, ensuring that the radiation intensity remains within a preset range, thereby avoiding the quality risks of solar cells caused by insufficient radiation intensity. Furthermore, by combining real-time monitoring with a predictive adjustment mechanism, this application reduces production interruptions and quality issues caused by radiation intensity fluctuations, thereby improving production efficiency and stability. Furthermore, the use of a current prediction model for intelligent management reduces the need for manual intervention, operational difficulty, and the possibility of human error.

[0052] Furthermore, the current prediction model provided by the present invention is a neural network model based on the LSTM-attention mechanism.

[0053] Specifically, in this invention, LSTM is used to process historical data on changes in irradiance intensity over time, capturing long-term trends and periodic characteristics of irradiance intensity changes. Through an attention mechanism, the model can dynamically focus on key points in the irradiance intensity change sequence (such as moments of sudden changes in irradiance intensity), thereby more accurately predicting future irradiance intensity changes and providing more precise current data to further improve solar cell quality (efficiency gain).

[0054] Furthermore, the ultraviolet wavelength range of the ultraviolet passivation device is 350-465nm.

[0055] Specifically, ultraviolet light in the 350-465nm wavelength range possesses sufficient energy to break dangling bonds on the surface of silicon-based materials, promoting atomic reconstruction and forming a stable passivation layer. This wavelength range offers moderate energy, effectively passivating defects while avoiding excessive energy that could cause material damage or increased non-radiative recombination. Compared to shorter-wavelength ultraviolet light, the 350-465nm wavelength range strikes a balance between passivation efficiency and material safety, significantly improving the cell's fill factor (FF) and open-circuit voltage (Voc), ultimately boosting photovoltaic conversion efficiency.

[0056] Furthermore, the present application triggers an alarm reminder when the current irradiation intensity does not match the preset irradiation intensity.

[0057] Specifically, if the current irradiation intensity does not match the preset irradiation intensity (i.e., the current irradiation intensity is higher or lower than the preset value), an alarm is triggered. The alarm can be in the form of sound, light, screen display, etc., used to promptly notify the operator or control system of the abnormal irradiation intensity.

[0058] The present invention also provides a solar cell prepared by any of the above methods.

[0059] Figure 2 The solar cell manufacturing device provided by the present invention includes:

[0060] Irradiation intensity detector, used to monitor the current irradiation intensity of the ultraviolet passivation device in real time before laser sintering;

[0061] The control system is used to compare the current irradiation intensity with the preset irradiation intensity and adjust the current of the ultraviolet passivation device according to the comparison result so that the irradiation intensity meets the preset requirement.

[0062] Preferably, the control system comprises: a comparison unit, configured to compare the current irradiation intensity with a preset irradiation intensity;

[0063] An alarm unit is used to trigger an alarm reminder when the current irradiation intensity does not match the preset irradiation intensity;

[0064] The current prediction model is used to predict the radiation intensity decay curve of the ultraviolet passivation device within the next 10 seconds using the previous radiation intensity of the radiation intensity detector;

[0065] The adjustment unit is used to adjust the current of the ultraviolet passivation device in advance according to the radiation intensity attenuation curve when the current value predicted by the current prediction model is lower than a preset threshold.

[0066] The device provided by the present invention further includes: a visible light emitting module for generating visible light in the wavelength range of 380-780nm. The control system also includes:

[0067] The light intensity ratio dynamic adjustment module is used to adjust the light intensity of the visible light according to the following relationship and transmit the obtained light intensity data to the visible light emitting module:

[0068]

[0069] in, is the visible light intensity, is the UV intensity, k∈[0.05,0.15], b∈[10,30]mW / cm².

[0070] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention, rather than to limit it. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the aforementioned embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that they can still modify the technical solutions described in the aforementioned embodiments, or make equivalent replacements for some of the technical features therein. However, these modifications or replacements do not deviate the essence of the corresponding technical solutions from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the various embodiments of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for preparing a solar cell, characterized in that: Before laser sintering, the current irradiation intensity of the ultraviolet passivation device is monitored in real time using an irradiation intensity detector; The current irradiation intensity is compared with the preset irradiation intensity, and the current of the ultraviolet passivation device is adjusted according to the comparison result so that the irradiation intensity meets the preset requirement.

2. The method for preparing a solar cell according to claim 1, wherein: During the UV passivation process, visible light in the 380-780nm band is simultaneously introduced to perform composite light treatment on the cell; The intensity of the visible light and the intensity of the ultraviolet light are in the following corresponding relationship: in, is the visible light intensity, is the UV intensity, k∈[0.05,0.15], b∈[10,30]mW / cm².

3. The method for preparing a solar cell according to claim 1 or 2, wherein: The step of comparing the current irradiation intensity with the preset irradiation intensity and adjusting the current of the ultraviolet passivation device according to the comparison result includes: Obtain the previous irradiation intensity from the irradiation intensity detector, input the previous irradiation intensity into a pre-trained current prediction model, and predict the irradiation intensity attenuation curve within the next 10 seconds based on the current prediction model; If the predicted current value is lower than the preset threshold, the current of the ultraviolet passivation device is adjusted in advance according to the radiation intensity attenuation curve when the current radiation intensity does not deviate.

4. The method for preparing a solar cell according to claim 3, wherein: The current prediction model is: the current prediction model is a neural network model based on the LSTM-attention mechanism.

5. The method for preparing a solar cell according to claim 3, wherein: The ultraviolet wavelength range of the ultraviolet passivation device is 350-465nm.

6. The method for preparing a solar cell according to claim 3, wherein: The current irradiation intensity is compared with the preset irradiation intensity, and an alarm is triggered when the current irradiation intensity does not match the preset irradiation intensity.

7. A solar cell prepared by the method according to any one of claims 1 to 6.

8. A solar cell manufacturing device, characterized in that: include: Irradiation intensity detector, used to monitor the current irradiation intensity of the ultraviolet passivation device in real time before laser sintering; The control system is used to compare the current irradiation intensity with the preset irradiation intensity and adjust the current of the ultraviolet passivation device according to the comparison result so that the irradiation intensity meets the preset requirement.

9. The solar cell manufacturing device according to claim 8, characterized in that: The control system includes: a comparing unit, configured to compare the current irradiation intensity with a preset irradiation intensity; An alarm unit is used to trigger an alarm reminder when the current irradiation intensity does not match the preset irradiation intensity; The current prediction model is used to predict the radiation intensity decay curve of the ultraviolet passivation device within the next 10 seconds using the previous radiation intensity of the radiation intensity detector; The adjustment unit is used to adjust the current of the ultraviolet passivation device in advance according to the radiation intensity attenuation curve when the current value predicted by the current prediction model is lower than a preset threshold.

10. The solar cell manufacturing device according to claim 8, characterized in that: Also includes: Visible light emitting module, used to generate visible light in the wavelength range of 380-780nm; The control system further comprises: The light intensity ratio dynamic adjustment module is used to adjust the light intensity of the visible light according to the following relationship and transmit the obtained light intensity data to the visible light emitting module: in, is the visible light intensity, is the UV intensity, k∈[0.05,0.15], b∈[10,30]mW / cm².

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