A pig feed for the late fattening period and a method for its production

Abstract

The application provides a fattening late-stage pig feed and a preparation method thereof, and relates to the technical field of pork breeding. The fattening late-stage pig feed is characterized by adding 10-15% of a nutritional supplement to per kilogram of fattening feed, and the nutritional supplement is composed of pine branch fermentation material, lotus root fermentation material, alfalfa powder, roxburgh rose extract and caffeine. The pine branch fermentation material is obtained by subjecting pine branches to cellulase enzymolysis treatment and then to fermentation by means of bifidobacterium and spencerolyn cryptococcus. The lotus root fermentation material is obtained by subjecting cooked lotus roots to fermentation by means of lactobacillus plantarum. The application overcomes the shortcomings of the prior art, effectively guarantees the weight gain efficiency of porkers in the late fattening stage, further improves pork quality, and comprehensively improves the economic benefits of pork breeding.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of pig breeding, in particular to a pig feed in the later fattening period and a preparation method thereof. BACKGROUND

[0002] Pork is the largest meat in terms of consumption in China, and the pig breeding scale in China is also large. The economic value of pig breeding is mainly realized in the fattening period of pigs. The weight gain of pigs and the determination of pork quality are realized in this stage.

[0003] The fattening period of pig breeding is mainly divided into the early fattening period and the later fattening period. The early fattening period is mainly the development of bone and muscle, usually the change of pig weight of 30-60 kg. The requirement of feed for the early fattening period is mainly high mineral and high protein. As long as this feeding condition is met, the difference between pigs is small. The later fattening period is mainly the change of pig weight from 60 kg to market weight. This stage is mainly for weight gain and meat growth, which is the real fattening period. This period not only requires rapid weight gain of pigs, but also has an important influence on pork quality. In this stage, on the basis of ensuring sufficient protein, various additives are added to promote weight gain of pigs and improve pork quality.

[0004] In the prior art, alfalfa, cottonseed meal fermentation material, probiotics and the like are often used as pig feed additives in the later fattening period, which can improve the weight gain efficiency of pigs to a certain extent, but has little overall influence on the quality change of subsequent pork. Therefore, on this basis, a new pig feed in the later fattening period is developed to effectively ensure the weight gain of pigs and improve pork quality and enhance the immunity of pigs, which has high economic value. SUMMARY

[0005] In view of the deficiencies in the prior art, the present application provides a pig feed in the later fattening period and a preparation method thereof, which effectively ensures the weight gain efficiency of pigs in the later fattening period and further improves pork quality, and comprehensively improves the economic benefit of pig breeding.

[0006] To achieve the above object, the technical scheme of the present application is realized by the following technical scheme:

[0007] A pig feed in the later fattening period, wherein 10%-15% of a nutritional supplement is added to each kilogram of the pig feed in the later fattening period, and the nutritional supplement is composed of the following components by weight: 15-30 parts of pine branch fermentation material, 4-6 parts of lotus root fermentation material, 2-4 parts of alfalfa powder, 0.3-0.6 parts of roxburgh rose extract and 0.1-0.2 parts of caffeine; the pine branch fermentation material is obtained by enzymatic hydrolysis of pine branches with cellulase and then fermentation with Bifidobacterium and Lodderomyces elongisporus; the lotus root fermentation material is obtained by fermentation of cooked lotus roots with Lactobacillus plantarum; and the roxburgh rose extract is obtained by freeze-drying after ultrasonic water extraction of roxburgh rose.

[0008] Preferably, the fattening feed consists of the following components by weight percentage: 62%-66% corn, 22%-25% soybean meal, 8%-12% wheat bran, and 4% premix.

[0009] Preferably, the specific preparation method of the pine and cypress branch fermented material includes the following steps:

[0010] S1-1. Dry the pine and cypress branches and crush them. Add 3-5 times the volume of water and stir evenly. Then add 0.1%-0.2% of the total mass of pine and cypress branches of cellulase and enzymatically hydrolyze for 2-3 hours. Then inactivate the enzyme to obtain the pretreated material for later use.

[0011] S1-2. Inoculate the above pretreated material with Bifidobacterium and Cryptococcus laurentii, ferment for 28-34 hours and then dry to obtain pine and cypress branch fermented material.

[0012] Preferably, in steps S1-2, the inoculation amount of Bifidobacterium and Cryptococcus laureus is 0.2%-0.3% of the total mass of the pretreated material, and the viable count of both Bifidobacterium and Cryptococcus laureus is 10. 8 -10 10 per g.

[0013] Preferably, the method for preparing the lotus root fermented material includes the following steps:

[0014] S2-1. Grind fresh lotus root into a paste, place it in a steamer and steam it at 110-120℃ for 20 minutes to obtain cooked paste for later use.

[0015] S2-2. After cooling the above-mentioned cooked slurry, control the moisture content to 40-60%, then inoculate with Lactobacillus plantarum for fermentation treatment for 12-18 hours, and then spray dry to obtain lotus root fermented material.

[0016] In step S2-2, the amount of *Lactobacillus plantarum* inoculated is 0.2%-0.3% of the weight of the cooked pulp, and the viable count of *Lactobacillus plantarum* is 102. 8 -10 10 per g.

[0017] Preferably, the method for preparing the prickly pear extract includes the following steps:

[0018] S3-1. Grind fresh prickly pear into a paste by adding 2-3 times the volume of water, then extract it by ultrasonication at 30-40℃ for 15-20 minutes, press and filter to obtain the filtrate for later use.

[0019] S3-2. Centrifuge the filtrate to remove the precipitate, freeze-dry the supernatant to obtain prickly pear extract.

[0020] Preferably, the power of the ultrasonic treatment in step S3-1 is 400-600W.

[0021] The preparation method of the late fattening pig feed comprises the following steps:

[0022] (1) dissolving caffeine and rosehip extract in water to obtain a mixture for standby;

[0023] (2) adding the mixture into pine branch fermentation material and lotus root fermentation material, and stirring evenly to obtain a nutrient supplement, wherein the water content is controlled at 30%-40%;

[0024] (3) adding the nutrient supplement into the fattening feed before use, and stirring evenly to obtain the late fattening pig feed.

[0025] The present application provides a late fattening pig feed and a preparation method thereof, which has the following advantages compared with the prior art:

[0026] The pine branch fermentation material and the lotus root fermentation material are used as main additive components, which can effectively promote the meat pig to eat and improve the lean meat rate and tenderness of the meat pig, and comprehensively improve the quality of pork. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0027] Figure 1 The column chart of the influence of different feeds on the weight gain rate of the meat pig in Example 2 of the present application;

[0028] Figure 2 The column chart of the influence of different feeds on the lean meat rate of the meat pig in Example 2 of the present application. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0029] In order to make the purpose, technical scheme and advantages of the embodiments of the present application clearer, the technical scheme of the embodiments of the present application is described clearly and completely in combination with the embodiments of the present application. Obviously, the described embodiments are part of the embodiments of the present application, but not all the embodiments. Based on the embodiments in the present application, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative labor fall within the scope of protection of the present application.

[0030] The bifidobacterium used in the following embodiments is Bifidobacterium adolescentis, which is purchased from Xi'an Dongfeng Biological Technology Co., Ltd., and the viable count is 10 10 The Candida humilis is obtained from Zhejiang University, and the viable count is 10 10The strain was found to contain 10 live bacteria per gram (g), and its preservation number was CGMCC NO.3590. This strain was also disclosed in patent application CN201010152108.4, filed on December 15, 2010. *Lactobacillus plantarum* was purchased from Shanxi Xinno Biotechnology Co., Ltd., with a live count of 10. 10 Cellulase was purchased from Nanning Dongheng Huadao Biotechnology Co., Ltd., with an activity of 40,000 U / g.

[0031] The composition of fattening feed is shown in Table 1 below:

[0032] Table 1

[0033]

[0034] The premix provides the following per kilogram of diet: VA 9000 IU / kg, VD3 3000 IU / kg, VE 26mg, VK3 1.20mg, VB1 3mg / kg, VB2 8mg / kg, niacin 45mg / kg, pantothenic acid 10mg / kg, folic acid 0.75mg / kg, Zn 35mg / kg, Mn 50mg / kg, Fe 90mg / kg, Cu 6mg / kg, I 0.3mg / kg, Se 0.35mg / kg, and Co 0.15mg / kg. Example 1:

[0035] I. Raw material processing:

[0036] 1. Fermented pine and cypress branches:

[0037] 1.1, SBZ-1:

[0038] (1) After drying the pine and cypress branches at 50°C, crush them, add 4 times the volume of water and stir evenly, then add 0.2% of the total mass of pine and cypress branches of cellulase, enzymatically hydrolyze for 2.5 hours, then raise the temperature to 80°C and keep it warm for 20 minutes to inactivate the enzyme, and obtain the pretreated material for later use.

[0039] (2) Inoculate the above pretreated material with 0.2% of Bifidobacterium and 0.2% of Cryptococcus lauriens, ferment for 30 h and then dry at 45 °C to obtain SBZ-1.

[0040] 1.2, SBZ-2:

[0041] (1) After drying the pine and cypress branches at 50°C, crush them, add 4 times the volume of water and stir evenly, then add 0.2% of the total mass of pine and cypress branches of cellulase, enzymatically hydrolyze for 2.5 hours, then raise the temperature to 80°C and keep it warm for 20 minutes to inactivate the enzyme, and obtain the pretreated material for later use.

[0042] (2) The pretreated material is inoculated with 0.2% of Bifidobacterium of the total amount of the pretreated material, and dried at 45°C after fermentation treatment for 30h, to obtain SBZ-2.

[0043] 1.3, SBZ-3:

[0044] (1) The pine branch is dried at 50°C, crushed, and then stirred uniformly with 4 times the volume of water. Then, 0.2% of cellulase of the total mass of the pine branch is added, and enzymatic hydrolysis treatment is performed for 2.5h. Then, the temperature is increased to 80°C, and enzyme inactivation is performed for 20min, to obtain pretreated material for standby;

[0045] (2) The pretreated material is inoculated with 0.2% of Cryptococcus laurentii of the total amount of the pretreated material, and dried at 45°C after fermentation treatment for 30h, to obtain SBZ-3.

[0046] 2, Preparation of lotus root fermentation material:

[0047] 2.1, LO-1:

[0048] (1) Fresh lotus root is ground into a slurry and treated with hot steam at 115°C for 20min, to obtain cooked slurry material for standby;

[0049] (2) After the cooked slurry material is cooled and the water content is controlled to be 50%, 0.3% of Lactobacillus plantarum of the total mass of the cooked slurry material is inoculated for fermentation treatment for 15h, and then spray drying is performed, to obtain LO-1.

[0050] 2.2, LO-2:

[0051] Fresh lotus root is ground into a slurry and the water content is controlled to be 50%. Then, 0.3% of Lactobacillus plantarum of the total mass of the lotus root slurry is inoculated for fermentation treatment for 15h, and then spray drying is performed, to obtain LO-2.

[0052] 2.3, Rosa roxburghii extract:

[0053] (1) Fresh Rosa roxburghii is ground into a slurry with 3 times the volume of water, and then ultrasonic extraction is performed at 400W and 35°C for 20min. Then, the slurry is squeezed and filtered, to obtain filtrate for standby;

[0054] (2) The filtrate is centrifuged to remove the precipitate, and the supernatant is freeze-dried, to obtain the Rosa roxburghii extract.

[0055] 3, Corn straw fermentation material:

[0056] (1) The corn straw is dried at 50°C, crushed, and then stirred uniformly with 4 times the volume of water. Then, 0.2% of cellulase of the total mass of the corn straw is added, and enzymatic hydrolysis treatment is performed for 2.5h. Then, the temperature is increased to 80°C, and enzyme inactivation is performed for 20min, to obtain pretreated material for standby;

[0057] (2) inoculate the pretreated material with 0.2% of the total amount of Bifidobacterium and 0.2% of the total amount of Cryptococcus laurentii, and dry at 45°C after 30h of fermentation treatment, to obtain the corn straw fermentation material.

[0058] 4. Corn fermentation material:

[0059] (1) grind fresh corn into slurry, and steam treat in a steamer at 115°C for 20min to obtain cooked slurry for standby;

[0060] (2) cool the cooked slurry to control the moisture content at 50%, and then inoculate with 0.3% of the total amount of Lactobacillus plantarum for 15h of fermentation treatment, and then spray dry to obtain the corn fermentation material.

[0061] II. Preparation of nutritional supplements:

[0062] Different nutritional supplements are prepared according to the weight parts in Table 2 below:

[0063] Table 2

[0064]

[0065] III. Preparation of late-stage fattening pig feed:

[0066] Different late-stage fattening pig feeds are prepared according to the feed formulations in Table 3 below:

[0067] Table 3

[0068] Example 2:

[0069] Select the same batch of meat pigs entering the late-stage fattening period as experimental materials (weight 65±2kg), and randomly divide them into 7 groups, 5 pigs in each group, and feed them with the 7 feeds in Example 1 above, free to eat and drink, for a total of 45d,

[0070] 1. Weight gain effect test:

[0071] Record the average initial weight before the experiment and the average final weight after the experiment, and calculate the weight gain rate (weight gain rate=(average final weight-average initial weight) / average initial weight). The specific results are shown in Table 4 and Figure 1

[0072] Table 4

[0073]

[0074] 2. Immune function test:

[0075] ​On the morning of the 45th day of the experiment, at 8 o'clock before feeding, 3 pigs were randomly selected from each group, and blood was collected from the anterior vena cava with an anticoagulant blood PET tube. The blood was allowed to stand at 2°C, then centrifuged at 4000 r / min for 8 min, and the serum was separated and stored at -20°C. The contents of IgA, IgG, IgM, glutamic-pyruvic transaminase and glutamic-oxalacetic transaminase in the serum were measured using an ELISA kit, and the specific results are shown in Table 5 below:

[0076] Table 5

[0077]

[0078] 3. Slaughter performance detection:

[0079] After the experiment, 2 pigs were randomly slaughtered from each group, and the average pre-slaughter live weight, carcass weight, dressing rate, lean meat rate and fat rate were measured. The specific results are shown in Table 6 below, and the comparison of lean meat rate of each group is shown in Table 6 below: Figure 2

[0080] Table 6

[0081]

[0082] 4. Meat quality detection:

[0083] The above slaughtered pork was selected, and the longissimus dorsi muscle of the pig was selected for meat quality detection. The water loss rate and shear force of each group of pork were detected to determine the tenderness of the pork (the lower the water loss rate and shear force, the more tender the pork). The specific results are shown in Table 7 below:

[0084] Table 7

[0085]

[0086] From the above detection, it can be seen that the use of feed 1 and feed 2 for feeding pigs in the later fattening period can effectively promote the weight gain of pigs, and further improve the immune performance of pigs, while reducing the fat rate, improving the accumulation of lean meat, and comprehensively improving the meat quality.

[0087] The above examples are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present application, and are not limited thereto; although the present application has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing examples, those skilled in the art should understand that the technical solutions described in the foregoing examples can be modified, or some technical features can be replaced by equivalent ones; and these modifications or replacements do not make the essence of the corresponding technical solutions deviate from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present application.​

Claims

1. A feed for pigs in the late fattening stage, characterized in that, The fattening pig feed consists of 10%-15% nutritional supplement per kilogram of fattening feed. The nutritional supplement is composed of the following substances in parts by weight: 15-30 parts of pine and cypress branch fermented feed, 4-6 parts of lotus root fermented feed, 2-4 parts of alfalfa powder, 0.3-0.6 parts of prickly pear extract, and 0.1-0.2 parts of caffeine. The specific preparation method of the pine and cypress branch fermented material includes the following steps: S1-1. Dry the pine and cypress branches and crush them. Add 3-5 times the volume of water and stir evenly. Then add 0.1%-0.2% of the total mass of pine and cypress branches of cellulase and enzymatically hydrolyze for 2-3 hours. Then inactivate the enzyme to obtain the pretreated material for later use. S1-2. Inoculate the above pretreated material with Bifidobacterium and Cryptococcus laurentii, ferment for 28-34 hours and then dry to obtain pine and cypress branch fermented material. The preparation method of the lotus root fermented material includes the following steps: S2-1. Grind fresh lotus root into a paste, place it in a steamer and steam it at 110-120℃ for 20 minutes to obtain cooked paste for later use. S2-2. After cooling the above-mentioned cooked slurry, control the moisture content to 40-60%, then inoculate with Lactobacillus plantarum for fermentation treatment for 12-18 hours, and then spray dry to obtain lotus root fermented material. The prickly pear extract was obtained by ultrasonic water extraction of prickly pear followed by freeze-drying.

2. The fattening pig feed according to claim 1, characterized in that, The fattening feed consists of the following components by weight percentage: corn 62%-66%, soybean meal 22%-25%, wheat bran 8%-12%, and premix 4%.

3. The fattening pig feed according to claim 1, characterized in that, In steps S1-2, the inoculation amount of Bifidobacterium and Cryptococcus laurentis is 0.2%-0.3% of the total mass of the pretreated material, and the viable count of both Bifidobacterium and Cryptococcus laurentis is 10. 8 -10 10 per g.

4. The fattening pig feed according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S2-2, the amount of *Lactobacillus plantarum* inoculated is 0.2%-0.3% of the total mass of the cooked pulp, and the viable count of *Lactobacillus plantarum* is 10-1. 8 -10 10 per g.

5. The fattening pig feed according to claim 1, characterized in that, The preparation method of the prickly pear extract includes the following steps: S3-1. Grind fresh prickly pear into a paste by adding 2-3 times the volume of water, then extract it by ultrasonication at 30-40℃ for 15-20 minutes, press and filter to obtain the filtrate for later use. S3-2. Centrifuge the filtrate to remove the precipitate, freeze-dry the supernatant to obtain prickly pear extract.

6. The fattening pig feed according to claim 5, characterized in that: The power of the ultrasonic treatment in step S3-1 is 400-600W.

7. A method for preparing feed for fattening pigs as described in any one of claims 1-6, characterized in that, The preparation method includes the following steps: (1) Dissolve caffeine and prickly pear extract in water to obtain a mixture for later use; (2) Add the above mixture to the pine and cypress branch fermented material, lotus root fermented material and alfalfa powder and stir evenly. Control the moisture content to 30%-40% to obtain a nutritional supplement for later use. (3) Add the nutritional supplement to the fattening feed before use, stir well, and obtain the fattening pig feed in the later stage.

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