Rock-soil direct shear test device

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of direct shear tests, and discloses a rock-soil direct shear test device which comprises a base station, a pressurizing mechanism and a transverse moving mechanism, the transverse moving mechanism comprises guide seats fixedly connected with the base table, every two guide seats form a group, the multiple groups of guide seats are evenly distributed on the surface of the base table, guide columns moving synchronously are slidably connected to the middles of the guide seats, a transverse moving seat is fixedly connected to the middles of the guide columns, and a direct shearing box assembly is detachably connected to the transverse moving seat. A receding hole used for containing a soil sample is formed in the middle of the direct shear box assembly, and a shear force detection assembly used for detecting stress of the direct shear box assembly is arranged on the base table. According to the invention, through the cooperation of the spiral groove and the stop lever, after the pressure plate moves downwards, the suspension supporting plate can rotate to the position below the deflection beam, so that the downward pressure of the deflection beam can be transmitted to the pressure plate, soil samples in the direct shear box assembly can be stressed at the same time, and the accuracy of experimental results is improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of direct shear testing, in particular to a rock and soil direct shear testing device. Background Art

[0002] The rock and soil direct shear test is an indoor test method used to determine the shear strength index of rock and soil. It measures the shear strength of rock and soil under different normal stresses, thereby determining the shear strength index of rock and soil, namely cohesion and internal friction angle, providing important parameters for engineering design.

[0003] However, some existing test devices need to operate the pressure of each sample separately when clamping the samples. When the latter sample is loaded, the previous sample continues to be under pressure, resulting in the pressure time of different samples being out of sync, which leads to errors in the experimental results of different samples. Therefore, it needs to be improved. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The present invention provides a rock and soil direct shear test device, which solves the problems raised in the above background technology.

[0005] To achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following technical solutions: A rock and soil direct shear test device comprises a base, a pressurizing mechanism and a transverse movement mechanism; the transverse movement mechanism comprises a guide seat fixedly connected to the base, two guide seats form a group, and multiple groups of guide seats are evenly distributed on the surface of the base, the middle part of the guide seat is slidably connected to a guide column that moves synchronously, the middle part of the guide column is fixedly connected to a transverse movement seat, a direct shear box assembly is detachably connected to the transverse movement seat, the middle part of the direct shear box assembly is provided with a clearance hole for placing a soil sample, and a shear force detection assembly for detecting the force of the direct shear box assembly is provided on the base; the pressurizing mechanism comprises a support frame fixedly connected to the side of the base, the support frame is slidably connected to a lifting beam, a pressure rod is provided in the middle of the lifting beam, and a pressure plate that cooperates with the clearance hole is provided at one end of the pressure rod close to the base. A top plate is fixedly connected to one end of the base, a guide sleeve is provided at the end of the top plate, and spiral grooves are provided on both sides of the guide sleeve. The spiral grooves are slidably connected to the two ends of the gear rod, and the middle part of the gear rod is fixedly connected to the hanging rod. The end of the hanging rod close to the base is fixedly connected to the hanging support plate, and a rotating frame is provided on the side of the base away from the direct shear box assembly. The rotating frame is rotatably connected to a synchronously rotating deflection beam, and a weight-adjustable counterweight hanger is provided at the end of the deflection beam away from the rotating frame. When the lifting beam moves upward, the hanging rod slides to the upper part of the spiral groove with the gear rod, and the hanging support plate rotates to a state parallel to the deflection beam. When the lifting beam moves downward, the hanging rod slides to the lower part of the spiral groove with the gear rod, and the hanging support plate rotates to a state of crossing and overlapping with the deflection beam.

[0006] As a preferred technical solution of the present invention, suspension plates are provided at both ends of the base, the ends of the suspension plates are rotatably connected to a flip shaft, the middle of the flip shaft is provided with a flip crank that cooperates with the deflection beam, the side of the deflection beam is provided with a groove that cooperates with the flip crank, the end of the flip shaft is fixedly connected to a flip frame, and the middle of the base is slidably connected to a protruding slide rod that cooperates with the flip frame.

[0007] As a preferred technical solution of the present invention, a fixed frame is provided on the side of the lifting beam close to the base, a limiting ring cooperating with the fixed frame is provided on the side of the suspension rod away from the base, a clearance notch cooperating with the suspension support plate is provided on the base, and the suspension support plate passes through the clearance notch.

[0008] As a preferred technical solution of the present invention, a U-shaped slot is provided in the middle of the support frame, and rotating rods are rotatably connected to both sides of the lifting beam, and the rotating rods are fixedly connected to a suspension frame that cooperates with the U-shaped slot.

[0009] As a preferred technical solution of the present invention, the direct shear box assembly includes a lower shear frame and an upper shear frame that cooperate with each other, the side of the lower shear frame is provided with a protruding plate, and the transverse seat is provided with a rectangular groove that cooperates with the protruding plate. The side of the lower shear frame is provided with a slide groove, and sliding plates are slidably connected to both sides of the slide groove. A buffer spring is provided between the two sliding plates to drive the two sliding plates to separate from each other. The side of the sliding plate is fixedly connected to a wedge block that cooperates with the rectangular groove, and the end of the wedge block is rotatably connected to a rotating plate. The middle parts of the two rotating plates are rotatably connected to each other, and a pressure head is provided at the end of the rotating plate away from the wedge block. The side of the upper shear frame is provided with a stop bar that cooperates with the pressure head. The bottom of the lower shear frame is detachably connected to a bottom plate, and a limiting ridge is provided on the bottom plate. The bottom of the lower shear frame is provided with a guide groove that cooperates with the limiting ridge.

[0010] As a preferred technical solution of the present invention, the shear force detection assembly includes a support fixedly connected to the base, the support is rotatably connected to a flip slide rod, the flip slide rod is slidably connected to a slide seat on the side away from the support, a force gauge is provided on the side of the slide seat, the side of the flip slide rod is fixedly connected to a fixed block, and the middle part of the fixed block is threadedly connected to a tightening screw rod rotatably connected to the slide seat.

[0011] As an optimal technical solution of the present invention, a bearing seat is provided in the middle of the base, and the bearing seat is rotatably connected to a push-pull screw rod. The push-pull screw rod is threadedly connected to a push-pull plate on one side close to the center of the base, and the side of the push-pull plate is fixedly connected to the guide column. A transverse motor is provided on the bearing seat, and the output shaft of the transverse motor is fixedly connected to the push-pull screw rod.

[0012] The present invention has the following benefits: Through the cooperation of the spiral groove and the gear lever, the suspension support plate can be rotated to the bottom of the deflection beam after the pressure plate moves downward, so that the downward pressure of the deflection beam can be transmitted to the pressure plate, so that the soil samples inside the direct shear box assembly can be subjected to force at the same time, thereby improving the accuracy of the experimental results, and when the pressure plate rises, the suspension support plate can be disengaged from the deflection beam, thereby facilitating the removal of the direct shear box assembly, making the disassembly and assembly of the entire device more convenient and improving the efficiency of the experiment. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0013] In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the following briefly introduces the drawings required for use in the embodiments or the description of the prior art. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without paying any creative work.

[0014] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a geotechnical direct shear test device after removing the direct shear box assembly.

[0015] Figure 2 Schematic diagram of the structure below the base in a rock and soil direct shear test device.

[0016] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a geotechnical direct shear test device after installing the direct shear box assembly.

[0017] Figure 4 This is a structural schematic diagram of the disengagement of the pressure plate and direct shear box assembly in a geotechnical direct shear test device.

[0018] Figure 5 for Figure 4 Right view of .

[0019] Figure 6 This is a structural schematic diagram of a shear force detection component in a rock and soil direct shear test device.

[0020] Figure 7 This is a structural schematic diagram of the coordination between the spiral groove and the stop rod in a rock and soil direct shear test device.

[0021] Figure 8 This is a structural schematic diagram of the cooperation between the direct shear box assembly and the transverse displacement seat in a rock and soil direct shear test device.

[0022] Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the assembled direct shear box component in a rock and soil direct shear test device.

[0023] Figure 10 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a disassembled direct shear box assembly in a geotechnical direct shear test device.

[0024] Figure 11 This is a structural diagram of the cooperation between the suspension frame and the U-shaped slot in a rock and soil direct shear test device.

[0025] Figure 12 This is a structural schematic diagram of a rock and soil direct shear test device during a direct shear test.

[0026] Figure 13 This is a structural schematic diagram of a rock and soil direct shear test device in which a pressure plate falls into a direct shear box assembly.

[0027] In the figure: 1. base; 2. pressurizing mechanism; 3. transverse movement mechanism; 4. guide column; 5. guide seat; 6. push-pull plate; 7. push-pull screw rod; 8. bearing seat; 9. transverse movement motor; 10. transverse movement seat; 11. straight shear box assembly; 12. support frame; 13. lifting beam; 14. pressure rod; 15. pressure plate; 16. clearance hole; 17. hanging rod; 18. hanging support plate; 19. clearance gap; 20. rotating frame; 21. deflection beam; 22. counterweight hanger; 23. flip frame; 24. hanging plate; 25. flip crank; 26. shear force detection assembly; 27. flip shaft; 28. support 3. Seat; 29. ​​Flip slide; 30. Fixed block; 31. Tightening screw; 32. Slide; 33. Dynamometer; 34. Fixed frame; 35. Limiting ring; 36. Guide sleeve; 37. Spiral groove; 38. Gear bar; 39. Top plate; 40. Bottom plate; 41. Lower shear frame; 42. Upper shear frame; 43. Extending plate; 44. Wedge block; 45. Sliding plate; 46. Buffer spring; 47. Rotating plate; 48. Slide; 49. Press head; 50. Baffle; 51. Limiting convex strip; 52. Rotating rod; 53. Hanging frame; 54. U-shaped slot; 55. Extending slide; 56. Rectangular slot. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0028] The following will clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without making creative efforts are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0029] In one embodiment, see Figures 1-13 , a rock and soil direct shear test device, comprising a base 1, a pressurizing mechanism 2 and a transverse movement mechanism 3; The transverse movement mechanism 3 includes a guide seat 5 fixedly connected to the base 1, two guide seats 5 form a group, and multiple groups of guide seats 5 are evenly distributed on the surface of the base 1, and five groups are set at the same time, that is, the five groups of guide seats 5 are evenly distributed from left to right on the rear side of the upper surface of the base 1, and the upper part of the guide seat 5 is slidably connected to the guide column 4 set in the front and rear directions. A total of ten guide columns 4 are synchronously moved back and forth, and the middle part of the guide column 4 is fixedly connected to the transverse movement seat 10. A direct shear box assembly 11 is provided between a group of two transverse movement seats 10. The direct shear box assembly 11 is detachably connected to the transverse movement seat 10, and a clearance hole 16 with an upper open position is provided in the middle of the direct shear box assembly 11. The circular soil sample can be placed in the clearance hole 16 from top to bottom. A shear force detection assembly 26 for detecting the force applied to the direct shear box assembly 11 is provided on the base 1; The pressurizing mechanism 2 includes a support frame 12 fixedly connected to the left and right sides of the base 1. The support frame 12 is a U-shaped structure with an opening downward. The left and right sides of the support frame 12 are slidably connected to the lifting beams 13 arranged in a left and right direction. A pressure rod 14 is provided in the middle of the lifting beam 13. The lower end of the pressure rod 14 is provided with a pressure plate 15 that cooperates with the clearance hole 16. Therefore, the lifting beam 13 is provided with five pressure rods 14 in sequence from left to right. The upper end of the pressure rod 14 is fixedly connected to the middle of the top plate 39 arranged in a left and right direction. Guide sleeves 36 are provided on both sides of the top plate 39. The guide sleeves 36 The front and rear sides are provided with spiral grooves 37 distributed in a circumferential array, and the spiral grooves 37 are slidably connected to the two ends of the horizontally arranged gear rod 38. The middle part of the gear rod 38 is fixedly connected to the upper end of the suspension rod 17, and the lower end of the suspension rod 17 is fixedly connected to the suspension support plate 18. A rotating frame 20 is provided at the rear end of the lower surface of the base 1. The lower part of the rotating frame 20 is rotatably connected to the rear end of the deflection beam 21. The five deflection beams 21 rotate synchronously. The deflection beam 21 is arranged in a front-to-back direction. A counterweight hanger 22 is provided at the front end of the deflection beam 21. Counterweights of different weights are placed on the counterweight hanger 22 to make it rotate. The downward pressure of the counterweight hanger 22 on the deflection beam 21 is adjustable. When the suspension support plate 18 is rotated to the left and right direction, it is just below the deflection beam 21. At this time, when the deflection beam 21 deflects downward with the gravity of the counterweight hanger 22, the lower surface of the deflection beam 21 will fit with the upper surface of the suspension support plate 18. Therefore, the deflection beam 21 will push the suspension support plate 18 to move downward, thereby causing the pressure plate 15 to press down the soil sample inside the yield hole 16, thereby achieving vertical pressure treatment. When the lifting beam 13 moves upward, the lifting beam 13 drives the suspension rod 17 to move downward. When the lifting beam 13 moves downward, the suspension rod 17 moves downward under the action of gravity, and the gear rod 38 slides downward along the spiral groove 37, and the suspension plate 18 rotates to the left and right state. At this time, the suspension plate 18 has an overlapping part with the deflection beam 21, so that the deflection beam 21 can press the suspension plate 18 downward, so that the gravity of the counterweight hanger 22 can be transferred to the pressure plate 15.

[0030] In one case of this embodiment, a suspension plate 24 is provided at the left and right ends of the base 1, and the lower end of the suspension plate 24 is rotatably connected to a flip shaft 27 arranged in a left and right direction. A flip crank 25 is provided on the flip shaft 27 and rotates synchronously with the flip shaft 27. After the flip crank 25 rotates upward, the front end of the deflection beam 21 is lifted, so that the five deflection beams 21 can be deflected up and down synchronously, the deflection beam 21 is disengaged from the suspension support plate 18, and a groove is provided on the lower surface of the deflection beam 21. After the flip crank 25 is rotated upward, it can be stuck in the groove. At this time, the flip shaft 27 will not rotate freely, and the left and right ends of the flip frame 23 are fixedly connected at the left and right ends of the flip shaft 27, and a front-to-back extending slide bar 55 is slidably connected to the middle of the front side of the base 1. When the flip frame 23 rotates upward, the flip frame 23 rotates to the top of the extending slide bar 55, and the extending slide bar 55 is pulled outward at this time. The extending slide bar 55 can block the flip frame 23. At this time, the flip frame 23 is stuck, and with the double insurance of the groove and the flip crank 25, after the deflection beam 21 is lifted by the flip crank 25, the deflection beam 21 can remain stable and will not fall.

[0031] In one embodiment of this invention, a fixed frame 34 is fixedly connected to the lower surface of the lifting beam 13. The fixed frame 34 is located on the left and right sides of the pressure rod 14 and has a U-shaped structure with an upward opening. The middle portion of the lower portion of the fixed frame 34 is slidably connected to the middle portion of the suspension rod 17. A limiting ring 35 is provided above the suspension rod 17 and is located within the fixed frame 34. When the lifting beam 13 moves upward, the fixed frame 34 moves upward. When the fixed frame 34 contacts the limiting ring 35, the fixed frame 34 and the suspension rod 17 move upward synchronously. Furthermore, a clearance notch 19 is provided on the base 1 in a front-to-back direction. When the suspension bracket 18 moves up and down with the suspension rod 17, the suspension bracket 18 passes through the clearance notch 19. A U-shaped slot 54 is provided in the middle of the upper surface of the support frame 12, and rotating rods 52 arranged in a front-to-rear direction are rotatably connected on the left and right sides of the lifting beam 13. The front and rear ends of the rotating rod 52 are fixedly connected to the lower end of the suspension frame 53, and the upper part of the suspension frame 53 is inclined toward the middle of the lifting beam 13. When the lifting beam 13 moves to a high position, the upper end of the suspension frame 53 falls into the U-shaped slot 54. At this time, the U-shaped slot 54 and the upper part of the suspension frame 53 interfere with each other, and the lifting beam 13 will not move downward at this time, so that the lifting beam 13 remains in a high position.

[0032] In one case of this embodiment, the direct shear box assembly 11 includes two mutually cooperating lower shear frames 41 and upper shear frames 42. The lower shear frame 41 and the upper shear frame 42 are rectangular structures of the same size. The upper shear frame 42 and the lower shear frame 41 are provided with upper and lower open clearance holes 16 with the same diameter in the middle. The clearance holes 16 are circular structures. A detachable bottom plate 40 is provided on the lower surface of the lower shear frame 41. The front and rear sides of the upper surface of the bottom plate 40 are provided with left and right limiting ridges 51. The front and rear sides of the lower surface of the lower shear frame 41 are provided with guide grooves that cooperate with the limiting ridges 51.

[0033] In one case of this embodiment, horizontally arranged protruding plates 43 are provided on the left and right sides of the lower shear frame 41, and a rectangular groove 56 is provided on the transverse displacement seat 10. Therefore, after the protruding plate 43 is placed at the bottom of the rectangular groove 56, and the front and rear ends of the protruding plate 43 will also be pressed against the front and rear sides of the rectangular groove 56, the lower shear frame 41 will not be displaced from the transverse displacement seat 10. The left and right sides of the lower shear frame 41 are provided with sliding grooves 48 facing forward and backward. The front and rear sides of the sliding grooves 48 are slidably connected with sliding plates 45 facing left and right. The ends of the sliding plates 45 are fixedly connected with vertically arranged wedge blocks 44. The lower part of the wedge blocks 44 is an inclined surface. When the wedge blocks 44 contact the rectangular grooves 56 from top to bottom, the side surfaces of the rectangular grooves 56 contact the inclined surfaces of the wedge blocks 44. At this time, the two wedge blocks 44 move closer to each other, and a buffer spring 46 is provided between the front and rear sliding plates 45. The buffer spring 46 will push the two sliding plates 45 to move away from each other, so that the wedge blocks 44 always keep in contact with the side surfaces of the rectangular grooves 56. The upper end of the wedge block 44 is rotatably connected to the lower end of the rotating plate 47, and the middle parts of the two rotating plates 47 are crossed and rotatably connected. A pressure head 49 is set at the upper end of the rotating plate 47, and front and rear facing baffles 50 are set on the left and right sides of the upper shear frame 42. When the two wedge blocks 44 fall into the rectangular groove 56, the two pressure heads 49 approach each other and disengage from the baffles 50. When the wedge blocks 44 are disengaged from the rectangular groove 56, the two pressure heads 49 move away from each other along with the wedge blocks 44, so that the pressure heads 49 move downward, and the pressure heads 49 press on the baffles 50, thereby realizing the fixing of the upper shear frame 42 and the lower shear frame 41.

[0034] In one case of this embodiment, the shear force detection component 26 is arranged on the front side of the upper surface of the base 1, including a support 28 fixedly connected to the base 1, the upper part of the support 28 is rotatably connected to the flip slide 29, and the flip slide 29 is slidably connected to the slide 32 on the side away from the support 28, and a dynamometer 33 is provided on the side of the slide 32. After the protruding end of the dynamometer 33 is in contact with the front side of the upper shear frame 42, the upper shear frame 42 will be supported by the dynamometer 33 when it moves forward. At this time, the dynamometer 33 will block the upper shear frame 42, and the dynamometer 33 will detect the force. The side of the flip slide 29 is fixedly connected to the fixed block 30, and the middle part of the fixed block 30 is threadedly connected to the tightening screw 31 rotatably connected to the slide 32. The tightening screw 31 can push the slide 32 to slide along the flip slide 29.

[0035] In one case of this embodiment, a bearing seat 8 is provided in the middle of the base 1, and the bearing seat 8 is provided at the rear end of the upper surface of the base 1. The middle part of the bearing seat 8 is rotatably connected to a push-pull screw rod 7 arranged in a front-to-rear direction. The front side of the push-pull screw rod 7 is threadedly connected to a push-pull plate 6 arranged in a left-to-right direction. The left and right ends of the push-pull plate 6 are slidingly connected to the left and right sides of the base 1. The front side surface of the push-pull plate 6 is fixedly connected to the rear end of the guide column 4. A transverse motor 9 is provided on the bearing seat 8. The output shaft of the transverse motor 9 is fixedly connected to the rear end of the push-pull screw rod 7. Therefore, the transverse motor 9 drives the ten guide columns 4 to move forward and backward synchronously through the push-pull screw rod 7.

[0036] During the implementation of this embodiment, the sample was prepared according to the relevant requirements of the test standard JTG 3430-2020, and a circular soil sample that met the size requirements was taken out by a ring cutter.

[0037] Soil sample installation steps: press the sliding plate 45 to raise the pressure head 49, fit the upper shear frame 42 and the lower shear frame 41 together, loosen the sliding plate 45, and the pressure head 49 presses the baffle 50. The upper shear frame 42 and the lower shear frame 41 are assembled, and the bottom plate 40 is inserted into the bottom of the lower shear frame 41 from left to right. At this time, the soil sample inside the ring cutter is pressed into the makeshift hole 16 of the direct shear box assembly 11 through the permeable stone.

[0038] The straight shear box assembly 11 is installed and processed. The shear force detection assembly 26 is flipped to the side away from the center of the base 1, and the lifting beam 13 is pulled upward. The hanging frame 53 falls into the U-shaped slot 54. At this time, the hanging support plate 18 is set to face forward and backward. Pinch the upper shear frame 42 and the lower shear frame 41 with your hands, and place the straight shear box assembly 11 between the two transverse seats 10. The protruding plates 43 on both sides of the lower shear frame 41 move toward the bottom of the rectangular slot 56. The wedge blocks 44 on both sides contact the rectangular slot 56. The inclined surfaces of the two wedge blocks 44 achieve a guiding effect, so that the lower shear frame 41 is placed in the center on the transverse seat 10, and at this time the pressure head 49 is disengaged from the baffle 50, and the upper shear frame 42 can move forward and backward. Release the direct shear box assembly 11, remove the hanging frame 53 from the U-shaped slot 54, and at this time, the lifting beam 13 moves downward under the action of gravity, and the pressure plate 15 falls When the lifting beam 13 is lowered, the fixing frame 34 is disengaged from the limiting ring 35, the hanging rod 17 moves downward, the shift rod 38 moves downward along the spiral groove 37, the hanging support plate 18 on the left rotates to the right, and the hanging support plate 18 on the right rotates to the left. At this time, the hanging support plate 18 rotates to the left and right and is located under the deflection beam 21, flipping the shear force detection assembly 26 to the side facing the center of the base 1. There is an angle locking device between the flip slide bar 29 and the support 28. When the flip slide bar 29 is rotated to the front and back facing state, the angle of the flip slide bar 29 is locked, and the tightening screw rod 31 is rotated at this time so that the protruding end of the dynamometer 33 just touches the front side of the upper shear frame 42, and the counterweight blocks of different weights are placed on the counterweight hanger 22 in turn. At this time, the preparation work is completed.

[0039] The deflection beam 21 is disengaged from the tilting frame 23 and the tilting frame 23 is pressed downward. At this time, the deflection beam 21 rotates downward under the action of the gravity of the counterweight on the counterweight hanger 22, and the deflection beam 21 presses the hanging support plate 18 downward. At this time, the pressure plate 15 applies downward pressure to the soil sample inside the clearance hole 16, and the transverse motor 9 is started. The transverse motor 9 pushes the lower shear frame 41 forward at a constant speed. Under the action of the internal soil sample, the upper shear frame 42 has a tendency to move forward, but the front side of the upper shear frame 42 is supported by the dynamometer 33 and cannot move. The soil samples on the upper and lower sides generate shear force. The readings of the dynamometer 33 are read at regular intervals according to the standard until the entire direct shear test is completed.

[0040] The disassembly steps of the direct shear box assembly 11 are as follows: rotate the flip frame 23 in the opposite direction, and pull out the extended slide bar 55 forward, flip the crank 25 to push the deflection beam 21 upward, and the deflection beam 21 is disengaged from the suspension support plate 18, rotate the tightening screw rod 31 in the opposite direction, flip the shear force detection assembly 26 forward, disengage the dynamometer 33 from the upper shear frame 42, pull the lifting beam 13 upward, and place the upper end of the suspension frame 53 in the U-shaped slot 54. During the upward movement of the lifting beam 13, the fixed frame 34 will first move upward with the lifting beam 13. When the fixed frame 34 moves to the upper side and contacts the limit ring 35 of the suspension rod 17, the suspension rod 17 will move upward with the lifting beam 13, and the gear lever 38 at the upper end of the suspension rod 17 will be released. Move upward along the spiral groove 37, and the suspension rods 17 on both sides rotate, so that the suspension support plate 18 rotates again to the front-to-back state. When the gear rod 38 moves to the top of the spiral groove 37 and cannot move, the top plate 39 moves at the same time as the lifting beam 13, and the pressure plate 15 also moves upward with the lifting beam 13. The pressure plate 15 is disengaged from the clearance hole 16 of the direct shear box assembly 11. The upper shear frame 42 and the lower shear frame 41 are pinched by hand at the same time to disengage the lower shear frame 41 from the transverse displacement seat 10. When the wedge block 44 is disengaged from the rectangular groove 56, the two wedge blocks 44 move away from each other under the action of the buffer spring 46, and the pressure head 49 presses on the baffle 50. At this time, the direct shear box assembly 11 is removed.

[0041] The soil sample removal step is to press the two wedge blocks 44 simultaneously. The two wedge blocks 44 move closer to each other, and the pressure head 49 moves upward to disengage from the baffle 50. At this time, the upper shear frame 42 can be pulled out upward, and a notch can be set in the middle of the baffle 50 so that after the two pressure heads 49 are close to each other, when the upper shear frame 42 is moved from bottom to top or from top to bottom, the pressure head 49 will not interfere with the baffle 50, and the upper shear frame 42 will be separated from the soil sample. The bottom plate 40 is pulled out to the right, and the soil sample can be completely removed from the lower shear frame 41 from bottom to top.

[0042] The present invention is applicable to a rock and soil direct shear test device. Through the cooperation of the spiral groove 37 and the shift rod 38, the suspension support plate 18 can be rotated to the bottom of the deflection beam 21 after the pressure plate 15 moves downward, so that the downward pressure of the deflection beam 21 can be transmitted to the pressure plate 15, so that the soil samples inside the direct shear box assembly 11 can be subjected to force at the same time, thereby improving the accuracy of the experimental results; and when the pressure plate 15 rises, the suspension support plate 18 can be disengaged from the deflection beam 21, thereby facilitating the removal of the direct shear box assembly 11, making the disassembly and assembly of the entire device more convenient and improving the efficiency of the experiment.

[0043] It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that the present invention is not limited to the details of the exemplary embodiments described above and that the invention can be embodied in other specific forms without departing from the spirit or essential characteristics of the invention. Therefore, the embodiments should be considered in all respects as illustrative and non-restrictive, and the scope of the invention is defined by the appended claims rather than the foregoing description, and it is intended that all variations that come within the meaning and range of equivalents of the claims be embraced therein.

Claims

1. A rock and soil direct shear test device, characterized in that: It includes a base, a pressurizing mechanism and a traverse mechanism; The transverse movement mechanism includes a guide seat fixedly connected to the base, two guide seats form a group, and multiple groups of guide seats are evenly distributed on the surface of the base. The middle part of the guide seat is slidably connected to a guide column that moves synchronously. The middle part of the guide column is fixedly connected to a transverse movement seat. The transverse movement seat is detachably connected to a direct shear box assembly. The middle part of the direct shear box assembly is provided with a clearance hole for placing a soil sample. A shear force detection assembly for detecting the force applied to the direct shear box assembly is provided on the base; The lifting mechanism comprises a support frame fixedly connected to the side of the base, the support frame is slidably connected to the lifting beam, and a pressure rod is provided in the middle of the lifting beam, and a pressure plate is provided at one end of the pressure rod close to the base, which cooperates with the makeshift hole, and the end of the pressure rod away from the base is fixedly connected to the top plate, and a guide sleeve is provided at the end of the top plate, and a spiral groove is provided on both sides of the guide sleeve. The spiral groove is slidably connected to the two ends of the gear rod, and the middle of the gear rod is fixedly connected to the hanging rod, and the end of the hanging rod close to the base is fixedly connected to the hanging support plate, and a rotating frame is provided on the side of the base away from the direct shear box assembly, and the rotating frame is rotatably connected to the deflection beam that rotates synchronously, and a weight-adjustable counterweight hanger is provided at one end of the deflection beam away from the rotating frame. When the lifting beam moves upward, the hanging rod slides to the upper part of the spiral groove with the gear rod, and the hanging support plate rotates to a state parallel to the deflection beam. When the lifting beam moves downward, the hanging rod slides to the lower part of the spiral groove with the gear rod, and the hanging support plate rotates to a state of crossing and overlapping with the deflection beam.

2. A rock and soil direct shear test device according to claim 1, characterized in that: Suspension plates are provided at both ends of the base, the ends of the suspension plates are rotatably connected to a flip shaft, the middle of the flip shaft is provided with a flip crank that cooperates with the deflection beam, the side of the deflection beam is provided with a groove that cooperates with the flip crank, the end of the flip shaft is fixedly connected to a flip frame, and the middle of the base is slidably connected to a protruding slide rod that cooperates with the flip frame.

3. A rock and soil direct shear test device according to claim 1, characterized in that: A fixing frame is provided on the side of the lifting beam close to the base, a limiting ring cooperating with the fixing frame is provided on the side of the suspension rod away from the base, a clearance notch cooperating with the suspension support plate is provided on the base, and the suspension support plate passes through the clearance notch.

4. A rock and soil direct shear test device according to claim 1, characterized in that: A U-shaped slot is provided in the middle of the support frame, and rotating rods are rotatably connected to both sides of the lifting beam, and the rotating rods are fixedly connected to a suspension frame that matches the U-shaped slot.

5. A rock and soil direct shear test device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The direct shear box assembly comprises a lower shear frame and an upper shear frame which cooperate with each other. A protruding plate is provided on the side of the lower shear frame, and a rectangular groove which cooperates with the protruding plate is provided on the transverse seat.

6. A rock and soil direct shear test device according to claim 5, characterized in that: The side of the lower shear frame is provided with a sliding groove, and sliding plates are slidably connected on both sides of the sliding groove. A buffer spring is provided between the two sliding plates to drive the two sliding plates to separate from each other. The side of the sliding plate is fixedly connected with a wedge block that cooperates with the rectangular groove, and the end of the wedge block is rotatably connected to the rotating plate. The middle parts of the two rotating plates are rotatably connected to each other, and a pressure head is provided at the end of the rotating plate away from the wedge block, and a baffle that cooperates with the pressure head is provided on the side of the upper shear frame.

7. A rock and soil direct shear test device according to claim 6, characterized in that: The bottom of the lower shear frame is detachably connected to a bottom plate, a limiting convex strip is provided on the bottom plate, and a guide groove cooperating with the limiting convex strip is provided on the bottom of the lower shear frame.

8. The rock and soil direct shear test device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The shear force detection assembly includes a support fixedly connected to the base, the support is rotatably connected to a flip slide rod, the flip slide rod is slidably connected to a slide seat on the side away from the support, a dynamometer is provided on the side of the slide seat, the side of the flip slide rod is fixedly connected to a fixed block, and the middle part of the fixed block is threadedly connected to a tightening screw rod rotatably connected to the slide seat.

9. The rock and soil direct shear test device according to claim 1, characterized in that: A bearing seat is provided in the middle of the base, and the bearing seat is rotatably connected to a push-pull screw rod. A push-pull plate is threadedly connected to the side of the push-pull screw rod close to the center of the base. The side of the push-pull plate is fixedly connected to the guide column. A transverse motor is provided on the bearing seat, and the output shaft of the transverse motor is fixedly connected to the push-pull screw rod.

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