A soil detector for a photovoltaic power station

Abstract

The application relates to the technical field of soil detection, and discloses a soil detector for a photovoltaic power station, which comprises a shell, the top surface of the shell is provided with a data line, a detection assembly is arranged in the shell from top to bottom, the detection assembly comprises a box body, the port of the box body faces the side surface of the shell, the top surface and the bottom surface of the box body are provided with first wire holes through which the data line passes, and the port of the box body is provided with a box cover, a circuit board is arranged in the box body, three probes are arranged on the circuit board, the probes pass out of the box cover and extend to the outside of the shell, and the probes are inserted into the soil to be detected from the side; the soil detector for the photovoltaic power station realizes multi-parameter detection; the detection end takes a single-chip microcomputer and a CPLD module as cores, combines the parallel-plate capacitor principle, the capacity resistance principle and the thermistor principle, synchronously detects soil moisture, conductivity and temperature, the lateral probes reduce deviation, and digital signal transmission is stable.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of soil testing technology, and in particular to a soil testing instrument for photovoltaic power plants. Background Technology

[0002] During the construction and operation of photovoltaic power plants, soil moisture, electrical conductivity, and temperature are key environmental parameters affecting the stability of photovoltaic module installation, the growth of surrounding vegetation, and the overall operating efficiency of the power plant. Accurately obtaining these soil parameters provides important data support for optimizing the site selection of photovoltaic power plants, regulating irrigation systems, and predicting equipment failures. Therefore, high precision and efficiency are required for soil testing equipment.

[0003] However, current soil testing equipment still has technical shortcomings and cannot meet the actual testing needs of photovoltaic power plants. Existing equipment mostly uses a vertical insertion method for probes into the soil. This insertion method is easily affected by the surface structure and density of the soil, leading to uneven contact between the probe and the soil, and consequently causing deviations in the test data.

[0004] In summary, developing a soil testing device that can simultaneously and accurately detect soil moisture, conductivity, and temperature, and has a reasonable probe insertion method and stable signal transmission capability, has become an urgent problem to be solved in the field of photovoltaic power plant operation and maintenance. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The purpose of this invention is to provide a soil testing instrument for photovoltaic power plants, which solves the problem mentioned in the background art that the probes of existing devices are mostly inserted vertically into the soil, which easily leads to deviations in the test data.

[0006] The technical solution adopted in this invention is as follows: A soil testing instrument for photovoltaic power plants includes a housing, with a data cable installed on the top surface of the housing; a testing component arranged from top to bottom is installed inside the housing, with equal spacing between the testing components; the testing component includes a box, with the port of the box facing the side of the housing, and a first wire hole for the data cable to pass through opened on the top and bottom surfaces of the box, and a box cover installed on the port of the box; a circuit board is installed inside the box, and three probes are provided on the circuit board, the probes protruding from the box cover and extending to the outside of the housing, and the probes being inserted into the soil to be tested from the side.

[0007] The second cover is connected to a positioning post, the lower end of which is connected to a fixed seat. The fixed seat is hinged to six third links, the middle section of which is hinged to a fourth link, and the upper end of which is hinged to a conduit that is slidably connected to the positioning post.

[0008] The first square tube is connected to an inner sleeve on its side. The inner sleeve is fixed to a second square tube. The free end of the second square tube is connected to a third cover via a flange. The third cover is connected to a third third tube. A detection component is installed inside the third third tube. The third third tubes are connected to each other via flanges. The last third third tube is connected to a fourth cover. The third cover has a fourth wire hole for installing a screw tube.

[0009] The beneficial effects of this invention are as follows: This photovoltaic power station soil detector achieves multi-dimensional and highly reliable soil detection through structural and functional innovation. In terms of detection, relying on components such as a microcontroller and CPLD module, combined with the principles of parallel plate capacitors, capacitive reactance, and thermistors, it simultaneously and accurately detects soil moisture, conductivity, and temperature. Lateral probes reduce deviation, and digital signal transmission is stable. Regarding the housing, Embodiment 1 uses bolted connections with sealant to improve sealing and stability, and a waterproof structure for the wire holes enhances protection. Embodiment 2 uses a flange connection design to support customer self-assembly, reducing costs. For component protection, a telescopic mechanism allows for probe retraction and extension, preventing corrosion and transportation damage; a closed-door component prevents soil ingress and can scrape away residual soil from the probe; a clamp buffers the probe's reaction force; and a stop box secures the data cable to prevent pulling. Furthermore, a barbed structure prevents detector displacement, and the horizontal detection design overcomes the limitations of vertical detection, comprehensively acquiring soil parameters and improving the overall practicality, reliability, and service life of the equipment to meet the needs of photovoltaic power stations. Attached Figure Description

[0010] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the main view structure of this application.

[0011] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure of the detection component.

[0012] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure of the box.

[0013] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the exploded structure of the box.

[0014] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the front sectional structure of the box.

[0015] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the rear cross-sectional structure of the detection component.

[0016] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the main structure of the first square tube.

[0017] Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the front cross-sectional structure of the first square tube.

[0018] Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram of the front cross-sectional structure of the guide seat.

[0019] Figure 10 This is a schematic diagram of the front cross-sectional structure of the slider.

[0020] Figure 11 This is a schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure of the guide seat.

[0021] Figure 12 This is a three-dimensional structural diagram of the telescopic mechanism.

[0022] Figure 13 This is a schematic diagram of the main view section structure of the first support.

[0023] Figure 14 This is a schematic diagram of the front cross-sectional structure of the first flap.

[0024] Figure 15 This is a top-view cross-sectional structural diagram of the second flap.

[0025] Figure 16 This is a side view sectional diagram of the structure before the clamps are closed.

[0026] Figure 17 This is a side view sectional diagram of the structure after the clamps are closed.

[0027] Figure 18 This is a three-dimensional structural diagram of the first clamp.

[0028] Figure 19 This is a side view sectional structural diagram of the second clamp.

[0029] Figure 20 This is a three-dimensional structural diagram of the stop box.

[0030] Figure 21 A three-dimensional structural diagram of the stop box and the limiting plate.

[0031] Figure 22 This is a side view cross-sectional diagram of the extruded plate.

[0032] Figure 23 This is a side view sectional structural diagram of the base plate.

[0033] Figure 24 This is a schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure of the extrusion plate.

[0034] Figure 25 This is a schematic diagram of the main structure of the third and fourth links.

[0035] Figure 26 This is a schematic diagram of the front cross-sectional structure of the third-party pipe.

[0036] Figure 27 This is a schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure of the lid.

[0037] In the diagram: 1. Housing; 2. Data cable; 3. Detection component; 4. Box body; 5. First wire hole; 6. Box cover; 7. Circuit board; 8. Probe; 9. Top cover; 10. First bolt; 11. First slot plate; 12. Flange; 13. Sealant; 14. Connecting plate; 15. Bottom cover; 16. Panel; 17. Insert plate; 18. Second bolt; 19. Second wire hole; 20. Screw; 21. First wire connector; 22. Nut; 23. First cover; 24. Method 25. First square tube; 26. Second cover; 27. Guide seat; 28. Guide groove; 29. ​​Slider; 30. Notch; 31. Telescopic mechanism; 32. Pipe opening; 33. Carrier; 34. First shaft; 35. First motor; 36. First connecting rod; 37. Second shaft; 38. Second connecting rod; 39. Third shaft; 40. Connecting plate; 41. Door closing assembly; 42. First support; 43. Through hole; 44. First hinge seat; 45. First flap; 46. ​​Cover; 47. Second hinge seat; 48. Second flap; 49. First spring; 50. Arc groove; 51. Slide groove; 52. Clamping plate; 53. Second spring; 54. Second support; 55. First clamping seat; 56. Threaded part; 57. Positioning nut; 58. Third support; 59. Second clamping seat; 60. Clamping surface; 61. Stop box; 62. Third wire hole; 63. Second wire seat; 64. Limiting plate; 65. Connecting groove; 66. Clamping bar; 6 7. First groove; 68. Cover plate; 69. Guide post; 70. Threaded hole; 71. Long bolt; 72. Base plate; 73. Blind hole; 74. Return spring; 75. Stop bar; 76. Extrusion plate; 77. Guide groove; 78. Positioning post; 79. Fixing seat; 80. Third connecting rod; 81. Fourth connecting rod; 82. Guide tube; 83. Inner sleeve; 84. Second square tube; 85. Third cover; 86. Fourth wire hole; 87. Third third tube; 88. Fourth cover. Detailed Implementation

[0038] The embodiments of the present invention are described in detail below. Examples of these embodiments are shown in the accompanying drawings, wherein the same or similar reference numerals denote the same or similar elements or elements having the same or similar functions throughout. The embodiments described below with reference to the accompanying drawings are exemplary and are only used to explain the present invention, and should not be construed as limiting the present invention.

[0039] In the description of this invention, it should be understood that the terms "center," "longitudinal," "lateral," "length," "width," "thickness," "upper," "lower," "front," "rear," "left," "right," "vertical," "horizontal," "top," "bottom," "inner," "outer," "clockwise," "counterclockwise," "axial," "radial," and "circumferential" indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings. They are used only for the convenience of describing this invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, they should not be construed as limitations on this invention.

[0040] Furthermore, the terms “first,” “second,” “third,” “fourth,” “fifth,” “sixth,” “seventh,” “eighth,” “ninth,” and “tenth” are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly specifying the number of technical features indicated.

[0041] In the description of this invention, it should be noted that, unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, the terms "installation", "connection", and "joining" should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this invention based on the specific circumstances.

[0042] like Figure 1 and Figure 2As shown in Embodiment 1, a soil testing instrument for a photovoltaic power station includes a housing 1, with a data cable 2 mounted on the top surface of the housing 1; detection components 3 arranged from top to bottom are installed inside the housing 1, preferably with equal spacing between the detection components 3; each detection component 3 includes a box 4, which is groove-shaped, with its port facing the side of the housing 1; the top and bottom surfaces of the box 4 have first wire holes 5 through which the data cable 2 passes; a cover 6 is installed at the port of the box 4; a circuit board 7 is installed inside the box 4, and three probes 8 are provided on the circuit board 7, which extend from the cover 6 and extend to... Outside the housing 1, probes 8 are inserted laterally into the soil to be tested. Circuit board 7 includes a microcontroller, CPLD module, LC oscillation circuit, thermistor, two sets of ribbon cables and their interfaces. The ribbon cables and interfaces are 4-wire systems, with +, -, A, and B wires. In use, the soil sensor is vertically buried in the soil with the soil parallel to the probes (each layer has three probes 8, each pair acting as parallel capacitors). The + and - wires in the ribbon cables are connected to the positive and negative terminals of the power supply, powered by an external 10-30VDC power supply. The principle of this design is as follows: A common parallel-plate capacitor has the capacitance formula C = εS / d (ε is the dielectric constant, S is the plate area, and d is the distance between the plates). When the plate area and distance between the plates remain constant, the capacitance is only affected by the dielectric constant. Soil can be considered as being composed of air, water, and solid soil, where the dielectric constant of air is 1; the dielectric constant of water is 80; and the dielectric constant of solid soil is 3-8. Therefore, the dielectric constant of soil is mainly affected by the dielectric constant of water. The principle of moisture measurement is as follows: By programming an AND-OR gate module in the CPLD module, the microcontroller calculates the phase difference based on the AND-OR gate module. The magnitude of the phase difference determines the capacitance, and the capacitance determines the moisture content. The microcontroller converts the analog signal into a digital signal and transmits it to the server. Conductivity is mainly affected by capacitive reactance. Capacitive reactance Xc = 1 / (2πfC), where f is the AC frequency and C is the capacitance. Because the AC frequency applied by the microcontroller in the circuit... Since the capacitance remains constant, the capacitive reactance is only affected by the capacitance C, which in turn is affected by the soil dielectric constant. Therefore, the soil conductivity parameter can be measured. The conductivity measurement principle is as follows: The microcontroller applies an AC voltage across the probes 8, making the two probes 8 form a parallel-plate capacitor. When the probes are inserted into the soil, the voltage across the two probes 8 is collected and transmitted to the microcontroller. The microcontroller converts the analog signal into a digital signal and transmits it to the server. The temperature measurement principle is as follows: The resistance of the thermistor changes with temperature, causing the voltage across the thermistor to change with temperature. The voltage value is transmitted to the microcontroller, which converts the analog signal into a digital signal and transmits it to the server. The technical problem that can be solved: The current soil testing equipment's probe 8 insertion method is unreasonable, easily leading to data deviation.Operation Process: The soil analyzer is vertically buried in the soil to be tested, with probe 8 of the detection component 3 inserted laterally into the soil. An external 10-30VDC power supply powers the circuit board 7 via a ribbon cable and its connectors (+ and - wires). During moisture detection, the AND / OR gate module programmed in the CPLD module calculates the phase difference, and the microcontroller determines the capacitance based on this phase difference, thus obtaining the moisture level. During conductivity detection, the microcontroller applies an AC voltage across probe 8 and collects the voltage across probe 8. During temperature detection, the thermistor changes its resistance with temperature, thus changing the voltage across it. The microcontroller converts the analog signals corresponding to moisture, conductivity, and temperature into digital signals, which are then transmitted to the server via data line 2. Beneficial Effects: Enables simultaneous and accurate detection of soil moisture, conductivity, and temperature. The lateral insertion of probe 8 into the soil improves the fit between the detection component and the actual soil condition, reducing data deviation. The microcontroller's conversion from analog to digital signals ensures the stability and efficiency of signal transmission, facilitating timely and accurate data acquisition by the server.

[0043] like Figures 3-5 As shown, as an optimization of Embodiment 1, the housing 1 includes a top cover 9, on which a first groove plate 11 is connected by a first bolt 10. The edge of the first groove plate 11 has a flange 12. The first groove plate 11 is used to install a detection component 3, and the housing 4 of the detection component 3 is flush with the flange 12. The probe 8 of the detection component 3 extends outside the first groove plate 11. Preferably, the joint between the probe 8 and the first groove plate 11 is coated with sealant 13. A pair of... The connecting plate 14 is U-shaped, and a first groove plate 11 is connected to the connecting plate 14 by a first bolt 10. The free end of the last first groove plate 11 is connected to a bottom cover 15 by a first bolt 10. A panel 16 is fastened between the top cover 9 and the bottom cover 15. The end face of the panel 16 has an insert plate 17, which is adapted to the inner sidewall of the top cover 9 or the bottom cover 15. The panel 16 is connected to the flange 12 by a second bolt 18. Preferably, the joint of the panel 16 is coated with sealant 13. The technical problems that can be solved are: the original housing 1 has poor sealing performance, which easily leads to external moisture and impurities entering the housing 1 and damaging the internal components; the connections between the various parts of the housing 1 are not firm, resulting in insufficient overall structural stability; the detection component 3 is inconvenient to install, and gaps easily appear at the joint between the probe 8 and the housing 1, affecting the detection accuracy and equipment lifespan. Beneficial effects: By applying sealant 13 and using a reasonable fastening and bolt connection structure, the sealing performance of the housing 1 is greatly improved, preventing moisture and impurities from entering and damaging the internal components; multiple components are firmly connected by bolts, enhancing the overall structural stability of the housing 1; the installation position and fixing method of the detection component 3 are clearly defined, facilitating installation, while the sealant 13 seals the joint between the probe 8 and the first groove plate 11, reducing the impact of gaps on detection accuracy and equipment lifespan.

[0044] like Figure 5 As shown, as an optimization of Embodiment 1, the top cover 9 has a second wire hole 19, to which a screw tube 20 is connected. A first wire seat 21, T-shaped, is threaded through the screw tube 20 and is used to mount the data cable 2. A nut 22 is threaded onto the screw tube 20, which tightens the first wire seat 21, providing a waterproof function. The technical problem solved is that the second wire hole 19 on the top cover 9 lacks an effective waterproof structure, allowing moisture to easily enter the housing 1 through the second wire hole 19, damaging the internal detection component 3 and circuit components. The beneficial effect is that the combined structure of the screw tube 20, the first wire seat 21, and the nut 22 effectively seals and fixes the data cable 2 at the second wire hole 19, preventing moisture from entering the housing 1 through the second wire hole 19, protecting the internal detection component 3 and circuit components, and extending the equipment's service life.

[0045] like Figure 6 As shown, as an optimization of Embodiment 1, a screw tube 20 is connected to the first wire hole 5, and a first wire seat 21 is inserted inside the screw tube 20. The first wire seat 21 is T-shaped and is used to fit onto the data cable 2. A nut 22 is threaded onto the screw tube 20, and the nut 22 is used to tighten the first wire seat 21, thus providing a waterproof function. The technical problem that can be solved is that the sealing performance at the first wire hole 5 on the housing 4 is poor, allowing moisture to easily enter the housing 4 through the first wire hole 5, damaging the circuit board 7 and related components inside the housing, and affecting the normal operation of the detection function. The beneficial effects are that the cooperation of the screw tube 20, the first wire seat 21, and the nut 22 effectively enhances the sealing performance at the first wire hole 5, preventing moisture from entering the housing 4 and damaging the circuit board 7 and related components, ensuring the normal detection function of the detection component 3, and improving the reliability of the equipment.

[0046] like Figure 7 and Figure 8As shown in Embodiment 2, unlike Embodiment 1, considering that the structure of the aforementioned housing 1 requires customization and cannot be assembled by the customer, the housing 1 includes a first cover 23, which is square-groove shaped. A second wire hole 19 is provided on the first cover 23 for installing a screw tube 20. A first square tube 25 is connected to the first cover 23 via a flange 24. The first square tube 25 is used to install the detection component 3, and the probe 8 of the detection component 3 extends outside the first square tube 25. Preferably, sealant 13 is applied to the joint between the probe 8 and the first square tube 25. Multiple first square tubes 25 are connected in series via flanges 24, and the free end of the last first square tube 25 is connected to a second cover 26 via a flange 24. The customer can assemble the soil testing instrument according to their needs. The technical problem solved is that the structure of the housing 1 in Embodiment 1 requires customization, and the customer cannot assemble it according to their own needs, resulting in poor flexibility and difficulty in adapting to different requirements for the length of the testing instrument and the number of detection components 3 in different testing scenarios. Beneficial effects: The housing 1 adopts a structure with flange 24 connecting the first cover 23, the first square tube 25 and the second cover 26. Customers can choose the number of first square tubes 25 and assemble them according to their own needs. It is highly flexible and can adapt to different testing scenarios. There is no need to customize the housing 1, which reduces the cost of use.

[0047] like Figures 9-11As shown, as an optimization of Embodiment 2, considering that the existing detection component 3 is in a fixed position, the probe 8 is easily corroded after being inserted into the soil for a long time, and the probe 8 protrudes outside the housing 1, making it easy to be damaged during transportation, the first square tube 25 is connected to symmetrically arranged guide seats 27. The guide seats 27 are T-shaped and have horizontally arranged guide grooves 28. A slider 29 is slidably connected in the guide grooves 28, and the detection component 3 is connected to the corresponding slider 29 with a gap. The guide seats 27 have notches 30, which can prevent structural interference between the guide seats 27 and the data cable 2. The detection component 3 is driven by a telescopic mechanism 31. The first square tube 25 has a tube opening 32 for the probe 8 to protrude. The technical problems that can be solved are: the existing detection component 3 is in a fixed position, the probe 8 is easily corroded after being inserted into the soil for a long time, and the probe 8 protrudes outside the housing 1, making it easy to be damaged by collisions during transportation, affecting the service life and detection accuracy of the probe 8. Movement Process: Symmetrically arranged T-shaped guide seats 27 are connected to the first square tube 25. A horizontal guide groove 28 is formed on the guide seat 27, and the slider 29 is slidably connected within the guide groove 28. The detection component 3 is intermittently connected to the corresponding slider 29 (the notch 30 on the guide seat 27 avoids structural interference with the data cable 2). When testing is required, the telescopic mechanism 31 drives the slider 29 to slide within the guide groove 28, moving the detection component 3 and causing the probe 8 to extend from the opening 32 on the first square tube 25. When testing is completed or during transportation, the telescopic mechanism 31 drives the slider 29 to slide in the opposite direction, retracting the detection component 3 and causing the probe 8 to retract back into the first square tube 25. Beneficial Effects: The detection component 3 can move with the slider 29 under the drive of the telescopic mechanism 31, realizing the extension and retraction of the probe 8. This avoids the probe 8 being exposed to soil for a long time and being corroded, and also prevents the probe 8 from being damaged due to protrusion during transportation, extending the service life of the probe 8 and ensuring testing accuracy.

[0048] like Figure 12As shown, as an optimization of Embodiment 2, the telescopic mechanism 31 includes a carrier 33 connected to the first square tube 25. The upper and lower ends of the carrier 33 are rotatably connected to first shafts 34, with two first shafts 34 arranged symmetrically. The first shafts 34 are driven by a first motor 35, which is connected to the carrier 33. A first connecting rod 36 is fixed on the first shaft 34, and a second connecting rod 38 is rotatably connected to the first connecting rod 36 via a second shaft 37. The free ends of the two second connecting rods 38 are rotatably connected via a third shaft 39. A connecting plate 40 is connected to the third shaft 39, and the connecting plate 40 is connected to the housing 4 of the detection component 3. The deflection angle of the first connecting rod 36 is controlled by the forward and reverse rotation of the first motor 35, and the second connecting rod 38 pushes the detection component 3 to extend or retract. The technical problem that can be solved is the lack of a reliable telescopic mechanism 31 to drive the detection component 3 to extend or retract, resulting in instability in the extension and retraction process of the probe 8, which is prone to jamming, positional deviation, and other problems, affecting detection efficiency and equipment reliability. Movement process: The carrier 33 of the telescopic mechanism 31 is connected to the first square tube 25. The upper and lower ends of the carrier 33 are rotatably connected to two symmetrically arranged first shafts 34. The first shafts 34 are driven by the connected first motor 35. When the first motor 35 rotates forward, it drives the first shafts 34 to rotate, causing the first connecting rod 36 fixed on the first shafts 34 to deflect. The first connecting rod 36 pushes the second connecting rod 38 to move through the second shaft 37. The free ends of the two second connecting rods 38 drive the connecting plate 40 to move through the third shaft 39, thereby pushing the housing 4 of the detection component 3 and causing the probe 8 to extend. When the first motor 35 rotates in reverse, the first shafts 34 rotate in the opposite direction, the first connecting rod 36 deflects in the opposite direction, and the second connecting rod 38 pulls the third shaft 39 and the connecting plate 40, causing the detection component 3 to retract and the probe 8 to retract. Beneficial effects: The telescopic mechanism 31, composed of components such as the first motor 35, the first shaft 34, the first connecting rod 36, and the second connecting rod 38, enables the detection component 3 to extend and retract stably and accurately, avoiding jamming and positional deviation, and improving detection efficiency and equipment reliability.

[0049] like Figure 13 and Figure 14 As shown, and Figure 27As shown, as an optimization of Embodiment 2, considering that soil may enter at the pipe opening 32, a door closing assembly 41 is connected to the outside of the first square tube 25. The door closing assembly 41 includes a first support 42 connected to the first square tube 25, with through holes 43 on the first support 42 corresponding to the three pipe openings 32. A first hinge seat 44 is connected to the first support 42, and a first flap 45 is hinged to the first hinge seat 44. The first flap 45 is used to close the pipe openings 32. The first flap 45 rotates along the horizontal axis and hangs down naturally in its free state. When the probe 8 extends, it can push open the first flap 45. A cover 46 is fixed to the first support 42 by bolts. The cover 46 is tubular in shape. The technical problem that can be solved is that the pipe openings 32 on the first square tube 25 lack a sealing structure after the probe 8 is retracted, and soil can easily enter the interior of the first square tube 25 from the pipe openings 32. After accumulation, it will affect the normal movement and detection function of the detection assembly 3 and damage the internal components. Movement Process: The first support 42 of the closing assembly 41 is connected to the first square tube 25. The through hole 43 on the first support 42 corresponds to the three pipe openings 32. The first hinge seat 44 is connected to the first support 42, and the first flap 45 is hinged to the first hinge seat 44 (rotating along the horizontal axis). When the probe 8 extends, it pushes the first flap 45 to rotate around the first hinge seat 44 to open, facilitating the extension of the probe 8. After the probe 8 retracts, the first flap 45 hangs down naturally in its free state, closing the pipe openings 32. The tubular cover 46 is fixed to the first support 42 by bolts, providing protection for the first flap 45 and the pipe openings 32. Beneficial Effects: When the probe 8 extends, it can smoothly push open the first flap 45. After retracting, the first flap 45 naturally closes the pipe openings 32, effectively preventing soil from entering the interior of the first square tube 25 from the pipe openings 32. This avoids soil accumulation affecting the movement and detection function of the detection assembly 3, protects internal components, and improves equipment stability.

[0050] like Figures 15-17As shown, as a variation of the door closing assembly 41, the door closing assembly 41 includes a first support 42, on which two symmetrically arranged second hinge seats 47 are hinged, and a second flap 48 is hinged on the second hinge seats 47. The second flap 48 is used to close the pipe opening 32 and can rotate along the vertical axis. A cover 46 is fixed to the first support 42 by bolts. The cover 46 is tubular in shape. A first spring 49 is connected to the second flap 48. The first spring 49 is arranged at an angle, and the free end of the first spring 49 is connected to the cover 46. Furthermore, considering that soil will adhere to the surface of probe 8 when it retracts, the second flap 48 is provided with an arc-shaped groove 50 adapted to probe 8. The arc-shaped groove 50 is used to scrape off the soil on the surface of probe 8. A sliding groove 51 is provided on the arc-shaped groove 50, and a clamping plate 52 is slidably connected in the sliding groove 51. A second spring 53 is installed in the sliding groove 51. The second spring 53 is used to push out the clamping plate 52, so that the clamping plate 52 closes the arc-shaped groove 50. When probe 8 extends, it first abuts against the clamping plate 52, and then the first spring 49 contracts and the second flap 48 opens. As probe 8 continues to extend, the second spring 53 contracts and the clamping plate 52 opens. After the clamping plate 52 is fully retracted, the first spring 49 causes the second flap 48 to close. At this time, the detection operation can be carried out. When probe 8 retracts, the second flap 48 scrapes off the soil on the surface of probe 8. When probe 8 continues to retract, the clamping plate 52 scrapes off the remaining soil on the surface of probe 8. Technical problems that can be solved: The original closing assembly 41 can only seal the pipe opening 32, and cannot remove the soil adhering to the surface of the probe 8. Soil residue will affect the accuracy of subsequent tests. At the same time, the stability and reliability of the sealing structure when the probe 8 extends and retracts are insufficient. Movement process: When the probe 8 extends, it first abuts against the clamp 52 on the second flap 48, pushing the clamp 52 to retract the second spring 53. At the same time, the first spring 49 retracts, causing the second flap 48 to rotate around the second hinge seat 47 to open. As the probe 8 continues to extend, the second spring 53 fully retracts, the clamp 52 opens, and after the clamp 52 is fully retracted, the first spring 49 resets to close the second flap 48. During the test, the probe 8 remains in the extended state. After the test is completed, the probe 8 retracts. The second flap 48 first scrapes off the soil on the surface of the probe 8. When the probe 8 continues to retract, the clamp 52 scrapes off the remaining soil on the surface of the probe 8. Beneficial effects: Not only can the second flap 48 seal the tube opening 32 to prevent soil from entering, but it can also scrape the soil off the surface of the probe 8 during the probe 8 retraction process by the second flap 48 and the clamp 52, avoiding soil residue from affecting the detection accuracy; the setting of the first spring 49 and the second spring 53 improves the stability and reliability of the opening and closing of the second flap 48.

[0051] like Figure 18 and Figure 19As shown, as an optimization of Embodiment 2, considering that the reaction force squeezing the probe 8 when it enters and exits the soil can easily damage the circuit board 7, a second support 54 is connected to the cover 6, and a first clamp 55 is connected to the second support 54. The first clamp 55 is a T-shaped rotating part, and the small diameter section of the first clamp 55 has a threaded portion 56. A positioning nut 57 is screwed onto the threaded portion 56. A third support 58 is connected to the cover 6, and a second clamp 59 is slidably connected to the third support 58. The second clamp 59 is fitted onto the small diameter section of the first clamp 55. Clamping surfaces 60 are provided on the first clamp 55 and the second clamp 59, and the clamping surfaces 60 are adapted to the side wall of the probe 8. The technical problem that can be solved is that the probe 8 is subjected to the reaction force of the soil when it enters and exits the soil, and the lack of an effective fixing and buffering structure can easily lead to damage to the circuit board 7, affecting the normal use of the detection component 3. Beneficial effects: By clamping and fixing the probe 8 with the clamping surfaces 60 of the first clamp 55 and the second clamp 59, the reaction force of the probe 8 when entering and exiting the soil can be effectively buffered, preventing damage to the circuit board 7, extending its service life, and ensuring the normal use of the detection component 3.

[0052] like Figures 20-24As shown, as an optimization of Embodiment 2, considering that the reaction force can easily damage the data cable 2 when it enters and exits the soil, a stop box 61 is connected inside the housing 4. The stop box 61 has two third wire holes 62 on its side, arranged symmetrically. The diameters of the two ends of the third wire hole 62 are larger than the diameter in the middle. A second wire seat 63 is fitted onto the data cable 2, also arranged symmetrically. The second wire seat 63 is adapted to the larger diameter section of the third wire hole 62. A limiting plate 64 is fixed to the side of the stop box 61 by screws. The limiting plate 64 is used to limit the position of the second wire seat 63. The limiting plate 64 has a hole through which the data cable 2 passes. A connecting groove 65 is opened on the side of the stop box 61. A clamping strip 66 is installed in the connecting groove 65 and is located outside the data cable 2. A first groove 67 is opened on the stop box 61. The first groove 67 is in through communication with the third wire hole 62. A cover plate 68 is connected to the stop box 61 to close the first groove 67. The first groove 67 A guide post 69 is installed inside, with a threaded hole 70 at its center. A long bolt 71 extending beyond the stop box 61 and the limit plate 64 is screwed into the threaded hole 70. A base plate 72 is slidably connected to the guide post 69 and slides along the first groove 67. The side of the base plate 72 has a blind hole 73, which is slidably connected to the guide post 69. The end face of the blind hole 73 abuts against the head of the long bolt 71. Rotating the long bolt 71 can push the base plate 72 to move. A reset device is installed on the other side of the base plate 72. Spring 74, the free end of the return spring 74 is connected to the first groove 67; a stop bar 75 is installed on the base plate 72, the stop bar 75 is perpendicular to the base plate 72, there are 4 stop bars 75, 2 stop bars 75 are arranged in a V shape, the V-shaped opening faces the long bolt 71 side, each group of stop bars 75 is slidably connected to a pressing plate 76, the pressing plate 76 has an obliquely arranged guide groove 77, the guide groove 77 is slidably adapted to the stop bar 75, the pressing plate 76 is used to press the data cable 2. Technical problem that can be solved: When the data cable 2 enters and exits the soil with the detection component 3, it will be subjected to the reaction force of the soil. The lack of an effective fixing and protection structure can easily lead to the data cable 2 being pulled and damaged, affecting the transmission of detection signals, and even making the equipment unable to work properly. Movement Process: When data cable 2 needs to be fixed, rotating the long bolt 71 pushes the base plate 72 to slide along the first groove 67, and the stop bar 75 slides in the guide groove 77, driving the squeezing plate 76 to move towards the data cable 2, pressing the data cable 2; when loosening, the return spring 74 pulls the base plate 72 to reset, the squeezing plate 76 releases the data cable 2, and the clamping strip 66 assists in fixing the data cable 2. Beneficial Effects: Through the structure of the stop box 61, squeezing plate 76, stop bar 75, and long bolt 71, the data cable 2 can be firmly clamped and fixed, buffering the reaction force when the data cable 2 enters and exits the soil, preventing the data cable 2 from being pulled and damaged, ensuring stable transmission of detection signals, and ensuring normal operation of the equipment; the setting of the return spring 74 facilitates adjustment of the tightness of the squeezing plate 76, making operation flexible.

[0053] like Figure 25 As shown, as an optimization of Embodiment 2, a positioning post 78 is connected to the second cover 26. A fixing seat 79 is connected to the lower end of the positioning post 78. Six third connecting rods 80 are hinged to the fixing seat 79. The third connecting rods 80 can form barbs to prevent displacement of the soil detector. A fourth connecting rod 81 is hinged to the middle section of the third connecting rod 80. A guide tube 82 is hinged to the upper end of the fourth connecting rod 81. The guide tube 82 is slidably connected to the positioning post 78. The technical problem solved is that after the soil detector is buried in the soil, it is prone to displacement due to soil loosening or external interference, leading to a change in the detection position and affecting the continuity and accuracy of the detection data. Movement Process: When the soil testing instrument is buried in the soil, the third connecting rod 80 unfolds under soil pressure, forming a barbed structure. The fourth connecting rod 81, hinged in the middle of the third connecting rod 80, has a guide tube 82 hinged at its upper end that slides along the positioning post 78. As the testing instrument penetrates deeper into the soil, the guide tube 82 slides along the positioning post 78, assisting the third connecting rod 80 to unfold better and be secured in the soil, preventing displacement of the testing instrument. Beneficial Effects: The barbed structure formed by the unfolding of the third connecting rod 80, combined with the auxiliary effects of the fourth connecting rod 81 and the guide tube 82, effectively enhances the bonding force between the testing instrument and the soil, preventing displacement of the testing instrument in the soil, ensuring stable testing position, and improving the continuity and accuracy of testing data.

[0054] like Figure 26As shown, as an optimization of Embodiment 2, considering that the existing soil testing instrument can only detect multiple points in the vertical direction and the data is relatively limited, an inner sleeve 83 is connected to the side of the first square tube 25. The first square tube 25 has a hole through which the data cable 2 passes. This hole is located in the area of ​​the inner sleeve 83. The inner sleeve 83 is set away from the side where the pipe opening 32 is located. A second square tube 84 is fixed to the inner sleeve 83 by bolts. The free end of the second square tube 84 is connected to a third cover 85 through a flange 24. The third cover 85 has a fourth wire hole 86, which is used to install the screw tube 20. The free end of the third cover 85 is connected to a third third tube 87 through the flange 24. The third third tube 87 is used to install the detection component 3. The probe 8 of the detection component 3 extends to the outside of the third third tube 87. Preferably, the joint between the probe 8 and the third third tube 87 is coated with sealant 13. Multiple third third tubes 87 are connected in series through the flange 24. The free end of the last third third tube 87 is connected to a fourth cover 88 through the flange 24. Customers can assemble the soil testing instrument themselves as needed. Technical problems solved: Existing soil testing instruments can only perform multi-point testing in the vertical direction, limiting the detection range and failing to acquire horizontal soil parameter data. This results in incomplete data, making it difficult to meet the comprehensive soil condition requirements of photovoltaic power plants. During testing, the detection component 3 inside the first square tube 25 in the vertical direction and the detection component 3 inside the third third tube 87 in the horizontal direction work simultaneously to acquire soil parameters in the vertical and horizontal directions respectively. Beneficial effects: Through the structure of the inner sleeve 83, the second square tube 84, and the third third tube 87, the soil testing instrument can perform testing in both vertical and horizontal directions, breaking the limitation of only vertical detection. This allows for the acquisition of more comprehensive soil parameter data, meeting the comprehensive soil condition requirements of photovoltaic power plants and improving the practicality and comprehensiveness of the testing.

[0055] Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing examples, those skilled in the art can still make and modify the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments, or make equivalent substitutions for some of the technical features. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A soil testing instrument for photovoltaic power plants, characterized in that, The system includes a housing (1), on the top surface of which a data cable (2) is mounted; inside the housing (1) are detection components (3) arranged from top to bottom, with equal spacing between them; each detection component (3) includes a box (4), with its port facing the side of the housing (1), and the top and bottom surfaces of the box (4) having first wire holes (5) through which the data cable (2) passes; a cover (6) is mounted on the port of the box (4); inside the box (4) is a circuit board (7), on which three probes (8) are provided, the probes (8) extending out from the cover (6) and extending to the outside of the housing (1), and the probes (8) being inserted laterally into the soil to be tested; the housing (1) The assembly includes a first housing (23), a first square tube (25), and a second housing (26). The first housing (23) is connected to the first square tube (25), the first square tube (25) is connected to another first square tube (25), and the last first square tube (25) is connected to the second housing (26) via flanges (24). The first housing (23) has a second wire hole (19) for installing a screw tube (20). The probe (8) is coated with sealant (13) at the joint with the first square tube (25). A symmetrical T-shaped guide seat (27) is connected to the first square tube (25). The guide seat (27) has a horizontal guide groove (28). A slider (29) is slidably connected in the guide groove (28). The detection assembly... (3) A gap is connected between the relative sliders (29). The guide seat (27) is provided with a notch (30). A telescopic mechanism (31) for driving the movement of the detection component (3) is installed on the first square tube (25). The first square tube (25) has a tube opening (32) for the probe (8) to extend out. A door closing component (41) is connected to the outside of the first square tube (25). The door closing component (41) includes a first support (42). Two symmetrically arranged second hinge seats (47) are hinged on the first support (42). A second flap (48) is hinged on the second hinge seat (47). The second flap (48) is used to close the tube opening (32). The second flap (48) rotates along the vertical axis. (42) is fixed with a buckle (46) by bolts. The buckle (46) is tubular in shape. A first spring (49) is connected to the second flap (48). The first spring (49) is arranged at an angle. The free end of the first spring (49) is connected to the buckle (46). An arc groove (50) adapted to the probe (8) is opened on the second flap (48). The arc groove (50) is used to scrape off the soil on the surface of the probe (8). A sliding groove (51) is opened on the arc groove (50). A clamp (52) is slidably connected in the sliding groove (51). A second spring (53) is installed in the sliding groove (51). The second spring (53) is used to push out the clamp (52) so that the clamp (52) closes the arc groove (50).

2. The soil testing instrument for photovoltaic power plants according to claim 1, characterized in that, The housing (1) includes a top cover (9), a first groove plate (11), a docking plate (14), and a bottom cover (15). The top cover (9) and the first groove plate (11), the first groove plate (11) and the docking plate (14), the docking plate (14) and another first groove plate (11), and the last first groove plate (11) and the bottom cover (15) are all connected by a first bolt (10). A panel (16) is fastened between the top cover (9) and the bottom cover (15). The panel (16) and the flange (12) on the edge of the first groove plate (11) are connected by a second bolt (18). The joint between the probe (8) and the first groove plate (11) and the joint of the panel (16) are coated with sealant (13).

3. The soil testing instrument for photovoltaic power plants according to claim 2, characterized in that, The top cover (9) has a second wire hole (19), and the top and bottom surfaces of the box body (4) have first wire holes (5). Both the second wire hole (19) and the first wire hole (5) are connected to a screw tube (20). A T-shaped first wire seat (21) is inserted inside the screw tube (20). A nut (22) for pressing the first wire seat (21) is threaded onto the screw tube (20). The first wire seat (21) is sleeved on the data cable (2).

4. The soil testing instrument for photovoltaic power plants according to claim 1, characterized in that, The telescopic mechanism (31) includes a carrier (33) connected to the first square tube (25). The upper and lower ends of the carrier (33) are rotatably connected to symmetrical first shafts (34). The first shafts (34) are driven by a first motor (35). The first shafts (34) are fixed with a first connecting rod (36). The first connecting rod (36) is rotatably connected to a second connecting rod (38) through a second shaft (37). The free ends of the two second connecting rods (38) are connected to a connecting plate (40) through a third shaft (39). The connecting plate (40) is connected to the housing (4) of the detection component (3).

5. The soil testing instrument for photovoltaic power plants according to claim 1, characterized in that, The cover (6) is connected to a second support (54) and a third support (58). The second support (54) is connected to a T-shaped first clamp (55). The small diameter section of the first clamp (55) is provided with a threaded part (56) and a positioning nut (57). The third support (58) is slidably connected to a second clamp (59) sleeved on the small diameter section of the first clamp (55). The first clamp (55) and the second clamp (59) have clamping surfaces (60) that are adapted to the probe (8).

6. The soil testing instrument for photovoltaic power plants according to claim 1, characterized in that, The box body (4) is connected to a stop box (61). The stop box (61) has two symmetrical third wire holes (62). The data cable (2) is fitted with two symmetrical second wire seats (63). The stop box (61) has a limit plate (64) fixed on its side. The stop box (61) is provided with a guide post (69), a base plate (72), a stop bar (75) and a pressing plate (76). The guide post (69) is fitted with a long bolt (71). The base plate (72) is slidably connected to the guide post (69) and abuts against the long bolt (71). The base plate (72) is connected to a return spring (74). The stop bar (75) is arranged in a V-shape. The pressing plate (76) is slidably connected to the stop bar (75) through a guide groove (77).

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