A fingertip wearable control system based on spectral sensing

Abstract

This invention provides a wearable control system based on spectral sensing, comprising: a spectral sensing module for acquiring spectral data; an execution module connected to the spectral sensing module for processing spectral data and issuing control commands; a wired communication module connected to the execution module for wired data transmission with external devices; a wireless communication module connected to the execution module for wireless data transmission with external devices; a human-machine interaction module connected to the execution module for receiving user operation commands and providing feedback on system status; and a power management module connected to the spectral sensing module, the execution module, the wired communication module, the wireless communication module, and the human-machine interaction module for powering the entire system. This invention aims to achieve high-precision and high-stability spectral acquisition and analysis, while simultaneously meeting the requirements of miniaturization, low power consumption, and convenient interaction in wearable devices.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of spectral sensing technology, and more particularly to a fingertip wearable control system based on spectral sensing. Background Technology

[0002] Spectroscopic sensing technology, as a core tool for accurately analyzing the composition, structure, and physicochemical properties of substances, has made significant progress in recent years. In the field of combustion diagnostics, the analysis of flame spectra allows for real-time monitoring of key parameters such as temperature and fuel concentration during combustion, helping to improve combustion efficiency and reduce pollutant emissions. In environmental monitoring, spectral sensing enables rapid and accurate detection of harmful gases in the atmosphere (such as sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxides), heavy metal ions in water, and organic pollutants, providing strong data support for ecological and environmental protection. In astronomy, spectral analysis helps scientists study the chemical composition, temperature, and motion of celestial bodies, advancing human understanding of the universe. In biomedicine, spectral sensing is widely used in disease diagnosis (such as early cancer screening and blood glucose monitoring) and biological tissue imaging, injecting new impetus into the advancement of medical technology.

[0003] With the booming development of the wearable device market, users have put forward higher requirements for the diversification of device functions and portability. Integrating spectral sensing technology into wearable devices, especially fingertip wearable devices, has great application potential. For example, in health monitoring scenarios, fingertip wearable devices can detect physiological parameters such as blood oxygen saturation and heart rate variability in real time through spectral analysis, so as to achieve continuous tracking of human health status. In the field of human-computer interaction, the difference in spectral reflection when fingertips come into contact with objects can be used to achieve precise control of smart devices. For example, in virtual reality (VR) and augmented reality (AR) scenarios, users can complete complex command inputs through simple fingertip movements.

[0004] However, current spectral sensing technology still faces many challenges when applied to wearable fingertip devices. On the one hand, traditional spectral sensing devices are large and consume a lot of power, making it difficult to meet the stringent requirements of miniaturization and low power consumption for wearable fingertip devices. For example, existing portable spectrometers typically require large optical components and complex optical path systems, which cannot be integrated into small wearable fingertip devices. At the same time, their high power consumption results in insufficient battery life, failing to meet the needs of users for long-term wear. On the other hand, the accuracy and stability of spectral sensing are severely affected in complex environments. Interference from ambient light (such as sunlight and indoor lighting) can cause spectral signal distortion, reducing detection accuracy. Individual differences in the detection objects (such as different fingertip skin thickness and blood vessel distribution among different users) also make it difficult to accurately adapt existing fixed-parameter detection methods, thus reducing the reliability of detection results. In addition, existing wearable fingertip devices also have limitations in data transmission and interaction. Wired transmission is not convenient enough, the stability and security of wireless transmission need to be improved, and there is a lack of effective human-computer interaction methods, failing to provide users with a good user experience. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The present invention aims to provide a fingertip wearable control system based on spectral sensing, which aims to achieve high-precision and high-stability spectral acquisition and analysis, while meeting the requirements of miniaturization, low power consumption and convenient interaction of wearable devices.

[0006] This invention provides a fingertip wearable control system based on spectral sensing, comprising:

[0007] The spectral sensing module is used to acquire spectral data;

[0008] An execution module, which is connected to the spectral sensing module, is used to process spectral data and issue control commands;

[0009] A wired communication module, which is connected to the execution module, is used to realize wired data transmission with external devices;

[0010] A wireless communication module, which is connected to the execution module, is used to realize wireless data transmission with external devices;

[0011] A human-computer interaction module, which is connected to the execution module, is used to receive user operation commands and provide feedback on system status;

[0012] The power management module is connected to the spectral sensing module, the execution module, and the wired communication module to provide stable power supply.

[0013] Preferably, the power management module includes a lithium battery and a power management unit. The lithium battery is used to store electrical energy, and the power management unit is used to manage the charging and discharging of the lithium battery and to provide a stable operating voltage for each module of the system.

[0014] Preferably, the spectral sensing module includes an optical controller, an optical transmitter, an optical receiver, an AFE front-end circuit, and an ADC sampling circuit. The optical transmitter is used to emit light signals of a specific spectrum, the optical receiver is used to receive light signals after reflection or transmission through an object, the AFE front-end circuit is used to preprocess the light signals received by the optical receiver, the ADC sampling circuit is used to convert the preprocessed analog signals into digital signals, and the optical controller is used to receive control commands issued by the execution module and control the working state of the optical transmitter and optical receiver accordingly based on the control commands.

[0015] Preferably, the execution module includes a main control unit, a Bluetooth transceiver unit, and a Flash storage unit. The Bluetooth transceiver unit is used for data communication with external devices that have Bluetooth functionality. The Flash storage unit is used to store data and programs. The main control unit is used to process the data transmitted from the ADC sampling circuit and generate spectral control parameters. The processing flow includes:

[0016] Based on the current ambient light intensity and initial signal-to-noise ratio estimation Calculate the global driving factor ;

[0017] ;

[0018] in, This is a reference value for ambient light intensity. For the target signal-to-noise ratio, and This is a weighting coefficient used to balance the priority between ambient light suppression and signal-to-noise ratio improvement;

[0019] Utilizing the global driving factor Collaborative calculation of the target center wavelength of the optical transmitter and the target receiving bandwidth of the optical receiver :

[0020]

[0021] in, and These represent the lower and upper limits of the tunable wavelength range of the optical transmitter. and These represent the lower and upper limits of the adjustable bandwidth range for the optical receiver. and Shape adjustment factor;

[0022] The main control unit will calculate the and The optical controller sends the data to the spectral sensing module according to... Adjust the center wavelength of the light source of the optical emitter according to Adjust the receiving bandwidth of the optical receiver.

[0023] Preferably, the wired communication module includes a USB interface that communicates with the PC host computer and the main control unit. Data transmission and system program updates between the system and the PC host computer can be realized through the USB interface.

[0024] Preferably, the wireless communication module includes an antenna, an antenna interface, and an RF matching circuit. The antenna is used to transmit and receive wireless signals. The antenna interface is used to connect the antenna and the RF matching circuit. The RF matching circuit is used to achieve impedance matching between the antenna and the wireless communication chip to improve the efficiency and quality of wireless communication. The RF matching circuit is connected to the Bluetooth transceiver unit and is used to transmit data to the main control unit.

[0025] Preferably, the human-computer interaction module includes a button unit and an indicator light unit. The button unit is used to receive the user's button operation commands and send the commands to the main control unit of the execution module. The indicator light unit is used to display the corresponding light color or flashing mode according to the system's working status to provide feedback on the system status to the user.

[0026] Preferably, the optical emitter is a plurality of LEDs with different wavelengths, and the optical controller is used to control the LEDs of different wavelengths to emit light sequentially according to a preset timing sequence.

[0027] Preferably, the button unit includes multiple function buttons, which are used to control the device's on / off and mode switching functions, respectively. The indicator light unit includes a red indicator light, a green indicator light, and a yellow indicator light, which are used to indicate the device's abnormal state, normal working state, and standby state, respectively.

[0028] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of this application are as follows:

[0029] 1. This application's system utilizes the AFE front-end circuit and ADC sampling circuit of the spectral sensing module to achieve preprocessing and high-precision conversion of weak light signals. Combined with the dynamic control mechanism of the execution module, it solves the problem of traditional spectral sensing being susceptible to interference in complex environments. The main control unit calculates the global driving factor based on the ambient light intensity and the initial signal-to-noise ratio, and derives the target center wavelength of the optical transmitter and the target bandwidth BW of the receiver through formulas. This enables the "transmit-receive" link to adapt in real time to changes in ambient light (such as from indoors to outdoors) and differences in the detected object (such as the fingertip characteristics of different users), ensuring that the signal-to-noise ratio remains stable above the target value and the detection error is controlled within 1%.

[0030] 2. This application supports both wired and wireless (Bluetooth) communication. Wired transmission enables high-speed data upload (such as raw spectral data) and program updates, while wireless transmission supports real-time interaction with terminals such as mobile phones (such as pushing health parameters). The two methods complement each other to meet the needs of different scenarios. In addition, the Flash storage unit can store preset parameters and historical data. Users can customize weight coefficients and shape adjustment factors through a PC host computer, enabling the system to adapt to multiple scenarios such as health monitoring, identity recognition, and human-computer interaction, and possessing strong functional scalability.

[0031] 3. The closed-loop control logic of the execution module in this application enables the system to optimize autonomously without manual user intervention; the human-machine interaction module provides intuitive operation entry and status feedback (such as low battery reminder and Bluetooth connection status) through buttons and three-color indicator lights. This automatic adjustment and easy-to-use interaction design ensures professional-grade detection accuracy while lowering the user threshold, making it suitable for both ordinary consumers and professional medical scenarios.

[0032] Other features and advantages of the invention will be set forth in the following description, and will be apparent in part from the description, or may be learned by practicing the invention. The objects and other advantages of the invention may be realized and obtained by means of the structures particularly pointed out in the written description and the accompanying drawings.

[0033] The technical solution of the present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. Attached Figure Description

[0034] The accompanying drawings are provided to further illustrate the invention and form part of the specification. They are used in conjunction with embodiments of the invention to explain the invention and do not constitute a limitation thereof. In the drawings:

[0035] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a fingertip wearable control system based on spectral sensing provided in an embodiment of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0036] The preferred embodiments of the present invention will be described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. It should be understood that the preferred embodiments described herein are for illustration and explanation only and are not intended to limit the present invention.

[0037] Example 1:

[0038] This invention provides a fingertip wearable control system based on spectral sensing. Please refer to [link / reference]. Figure 1 ,include:

[0039] The spectral sensing module is used to acquire spectral data;

[0040] The execution module, which is connected to the spectral sensing module, is used to process spectral data and issue control commands;

[0041] A wired communication module, which is connected to the execution module, is used to realize wired data transmission with external devices;

[0042] A wireless communication module, which is connected to the execution module, is used to enable wireless data transmission with external devices;

[0043] The human-computer interaction module, which is connected to the execution module, is used to receive user operation commands and provide feedback on the system status;

[0044] The power management module is connected to the spectrum sensing module, the execution module, and the wired communication module to provide stable power.

[0045] The principle and beneficial effects of the above embodiment are as follows: This embodiment constructs a complete spectral sensing and control system through modular design. The spectral sensing module is the core for collecting spectral data, the execution module acts as the processing center to perform calculations on the data and issue control commands, the wired and wireless communication modules realize bidirectional data interaction with external devices, the human-machine interaction module provides user operation entry and status feedback, and the power management module provides stable power supply for the entire system. The modules work together to form a closed loop of data acquisition-processing-interaction-power supply. The modular architecture design makes the functions of each module clear and the interfaces clear, which is convenient for later maintenance, upgrades and expansion. It integrates wired and wireless communication methods, taking into account the stability (wired) and flexibility (wireless) of data transmission, and adapting to the connection needs of external devices in different scenarios. The human-machine interaction module realizes intuitive interaction between users and the system, improving the usability of the system. The power management module can further select to power the entire system, ensuring that each module can operate stably in the miniaturized scenario of fingertip wearables.

[0046] In one embodiment, the power management module includes a lithium battery and a power management unit. The lithium battery is used to store electrical energy, and the power management unit is used to manage the charging and discharging of the lithium battery and to provide a stable operating voltage for each module of the system.

[0047] Specifically, the lithium battery uses a soft-pack polymer lithium battery with a capacity of 80-150mAh and a thickness of no more than 3mm, adapting to the miniaturized design of wearable devices. It can provide a nominal voltage of 3.7V to meet the low-power operation requirements of the system, and can last up to 30 days in intermittent operation mode. The power management unit integrates a charging management chip, a low dropout linear regulator (LDO), and overcharge and over-discharge protection circuits. When the lithium battery voltage is lower than 3.0V, the over-discharge protection circuit is triggered, cutting off the external power supply and reminding the user to charge through the indicator light unit (red light flashes twice per second) of the human-machine interface module, preventing the battery from being damaged due to over-discharge. The LDO stably converts the 3.7V voltage of the lithium battery to 3.3V (supplying the main control unit, ADC sampling circuit and other digital modules) and 5V (supplying the optical transmitter, AFE front-end circuit and other analog modules), ensuring that each module works under a stable voltage and reducing the impact of voltage fluctuations on the accuracy of spectral acquisition (such as avoiding fluctuations in the light intensity of the optical transmitter due to voltage instability). By combining lithium batteries with a power management unit, the system can meet the portability requirements of wearable devices and provide continuous and stable power support for all modules, ensuring the reliable operation of spectral sensing, data processing, and communication functions.

[0048] In one embodiment, the spectral sensing module includes an optical controller, an optical transmitter, an optical receiver, an AFE front-end circuit, and an ADC sampling circuit. The optical transmitter is used to emit light signals of a specific spectrum, the optical receiver is used to receive light signals reflected or transmitted by an object, the AFE front-end circuit is used to preprocess the light signals received by the optical receiver, the ADC sampling circuit is used to convert the preprocessed analog signals into digital signals, and the optical controller is used to receive control commands issued by the execution module and control the working state of the optical transmitter and the optical receiver accordingly based on the control commands.

[0049] Specifically, the optical emitter consists of 4-8 LEDs of different wavelengths, covering the 600nm-1300nm spectral range (including red light, near-infrared light, etc.). It can emit light signals of specific wavelengths according to the instructions of the optical controller. For example, in fingertip blood oxygen detection, it emits 660nm red light and 940nm infrared light, and reflects the blood oxygen level through the absorption difference of the two wavelengths of light.

[0050] The optical receiver uses a high-sensitivity photodiode array, with each diode corresponding to a specific wavelength range of light signal reception. It can convert light signals reflected or transmitted through the skin of the fingertips into weak current signals (the current intensity is proportional to the light signal intensity).

[0051] The AFE front-end circuit includes a transimpedance amplifier and a bandpass filter circuit. The transimpedance amplifier converts the weak current signal output by the optical receiver into a voltage signal (the amplification factor is adjustable). The bandpass filter circuit filters out 50Hz power frequency interference and high-frequency noise, while retaining the effective spectral signal frequency band (such as the electrical signal corresponding to 600nm-1300nm).

[0052] The ADC sampling circuit uses a 24-bit high-precision analog-to-digital converter with a sampling rate of 1kHz-10kHz to convert the analog voltage signal output by the AFE front-end circuit into a digital signal, ensuring high-precision acquisition of spectral data. The digital signal is then transmitted to the main control unit of the execution module.

[0053] The optical controller communicates with the main control unit of the execution module via the SPI interface, receives the target center wavelength and receiving bandwidth instructions issued by the main control unit, and adjusts the emission wavelength, intensity and timing of the optical transmitter by controlling the LED driver circuit (such as switching different wavelength LEDs to light up at preset intervals). At the same time, it controls the band selection switch of the optical receiver so that it only receives optical signals within the bandwidth range that matches the emission wavelength, thereby achieving matching of the transmit-receive link.

[0054] Through the synergy of the above components, the spectral sensing module can efficiently acquire spectral signals reflected / transmitted from the fingertip and convert them into processable digital signals, providing the raw data foundation for data analysis and parameter control of the subsequent execution module.

[0055] In one embodiment, the execution module includes a main control unit, a Bluetooth transceiver unit, and a Flash storage unit. The Bluetooth transceiver unit is used for data communication with external devices that have Bluetooth functionality. The Flash storage unit is used to store data and programs. The main control unit is used to process the data transmitted from the ADC sampling circuit and generate spectral control parameters. Its processing flow includes:

[0056] Based on the current ambient light intensity and initial signal-to-noise ratio estimation Calculate the global driving factor ;

[0057] ;

[0058] in, This is a reference value for ambient light intensity. For the target signal-to-noise ratio, and This is a weighting coefficient used to balance the priority between ambient light suppression and signal-to-noise ratio improvement;

[0059] Utilizing global driving factors Collaborative calculation of the target center wavelength of the optical transmitter and the target receiving bandwidth of the optical receiver :

[0060]

[0061] in, and These represent the lower and upper limits of the tunable wavelength range of the optical transmitter. and These represent the lower and upper limits of the adjustable bandwidth range for the optical receiver. and Shape adjustment factor;

[0062] The main control unit will calculate the and The optical controller sends the data to the spectral sensing module, and the optical controller then... Adjust the center wavelength of the light source of the optical transmitter according to Adjust the receiving bandwidth of the optical receiver.

[0063] Specifically, the main control unit uses a 32-bit Cortex-M4 core microprocessor (clock frequency ≥ 120MHz) as the data processing core of the system. After receiving the digital spectral data transmitted by the ADC sampling circuit, it first separates the current ambient light intensity through the built-in ambient light extraction algorithm. The initial signal-to-noise ratio estimate is calculated based on the ratio of signal power to noise power. ;

[0064] The main control unit uses a multi-band differential filtering method to extract the current ambient light intensity. The specific process is as follows:

[0065] The optical transmitter is turned off (no light signal is emitted), and 50 consecutive sets of raw digital signals corresponding to ambient light are acquired through the optical receiver and ADC sampling circuit, denoted as... The sampling interval is 10ms.

[0066] right A moving average filter is applied to eliminate transient pulse interference, resulting in a smoothed ambient light signal.

[0067]

[0068] Based on a preset calibration curve (calibrated under standard light intensity conditions before leaving the factory), the filtered signal value is converted into the actual ambient light intensity.

[0069]

[0070] in, This is the mean of the filtered signal. (Calibration slope) and (Calibration intercept) is a calibration parameter pre-stored in the Flash memory unit.

[0071] The main control unit calculates the initial signal-to-noise ratio using the signal power to noise power ratio method. The specific steps are as follows:

[0072] When the optical emitter is controlled to emit light at a preset wavelength, the collected spectral data is the signal segment, denoted as... ;

[0073] When the optical transmitter is turned off, the synchronous data collected is in the noise range, denoted as... ;

[0074] Calculate signal power The mean square value of the signal segment data ;

[0075] Calculate noise power The mean square value of the noise segment data ;

[0076] Initial signal-to-noise ratio It is the logarithm of 10 times the ratio of signal power to noise power, i.e. .

[0077] Subsequently, the main control unit calls Substitute the parameters to calculate the global driving factor. ;

[0078] in, The preferred value is 5000 lux (typical value of indoor natural light). The preferred value is 25 dB (the threshold that ensures effective identification of spectral data).

[0079] Weighting coefficients α and β are used to balance the priorities of ambient light suppression and signal-to-noise ratio improvement. They are obtained based on the system's preset scene adaptation requirements, calibrated experimentally, and stored in the Flash memory of the execution module. Specifically, α and β The values ​​were determined before the system left the factory through multiple sets of scene tests with different ambient light intensities (e.g., 100 lux-10000 lux) and target signal-to-noise ratios (e.g., 15 dB-30 dB). These values ​​were achieved under typical application scenarios (e.g., everyday indoor and outdoor medium lighting environments) by adjusting... α and β The value of is chosen to optimally balance ambient light interference and signal quality, ultimately resulting in the optimal value obtained from the test (such as...). α =0.3、 β=0.7) is preset as the system initial parameter and stored in the Flash memory unit for direct access by the main control unit during data processing. Simultaneously, users can connect to a PC via a wired communication module (USB interface) to adjust the settings according to the specific needs of the actual application scenario. α and β The values ​​are reconfigured and updated to further optimize system performance in specific environments.

[0080] pass This item suppresses interference caused by excessive ambient light (when) As it increases, this term approaches 1. Correspondingly reduced to enhance anti-interference capability), through Prioritize guaranteeing signal-to-noise ratio (when) When the value is below the target value, this item pulls (Raise to increase signal strength)

[0081] Shape adjustment factors γ and δ are used to modulate the target center wavelength. And the target receive bandwidth BW varies with the global driving factor The trend of change is obtained by calibrating the system experimentally before it leaves the factory and storing it in the Flash storage unit of the execution module.

[0082] Specifically, the values ​​of γ and δ are determined by testing multiple sets of ambient light and object-detection combination scenarios within the preset adjustable wavelength range of the optical transmitter and the adjustable bandwidth range of the optical receiver.

[0083] For the shape adjustment factor γ, by adjusting its value (e.g., within the range of 0.5-1.5), so that... exist When changes occur, it can accurately match the spectral response characteristics of the target object (such as fingertip tissue) under different ambient light conditions, and finally determine the γ value that minimizes the fluctuation of the spectral signal intensity.

[0084] For the shape adjustment factor δ, by adjusting its value (e.g., in the range of 0.8-2.0), the BW can be adjusted accordingly. The changes effectively filter ambient light noise while preserving sufficient signal bandwidth, ultimately determining how to stabilize the signal-to-noise ratio at the target value. The above are δ values.

[0085] After calibration, the optimal values ​​of γ and δ are preset as the initial parameters of the system and stored in the Flash storage unit. Users can also connect to a PC host computer via a wired communication module (USB interface) and reconfigure the system according to the specific needs of the actual application scenario to optimize the adaptability of the system in a specific scenario.

[0086] In one embodiment, the target center wavelength During the calculation process, the adjustable range of the optical transmitter is set to Shape adjustment factor ,make sure When changing, Linear offset within this range (e.g.) When the value is 0.5, the center is 800nm. Increasing the wavelength shifts to longer wavelengths to reduce ambient light interference.

[0087] In the calculation of the target receiving bandwidth BW, the adjustable range of the optical receiver is set to Shape adjustment factor Through the exponential term When the bandwidth is small, it narrows rapidly (enhancing anti-interference). When the bandwidth is large, the bandwidth is gradually increased (to increase the amount of signal acquired).

[0088] The Bluetooth transceiver unit uses a Bluetooth 5.1 protocol chip and supports BLE Low Power mode. On one hand, it transmits the spectral data processed by the main control unit (such as calculated data) to the transceiver unit. The BW and original spectral characteristic values ​​are transmitted in real time to a mobile APP or smart terminal. On the other hand, it receives parameter adjustment instructions from external devices (such as manual modification). α , β Weights).

[0089] The Flash storage unit uses 128MB of NOR Flash, and the stored content includes: system firmware (including the aforementioned data processing algorithms), preset parameters ( It includes data such as historical spectral data (with nearly 1,000 cached records that can be saved even after power failure) and calibration logs.

[0090] Through the above process, the execution module realizes the transformation from raw spectral data to precise control parameters. By dynamically optimizing the working state of the optical transmitter and receiver, it ensures that the spectral sensing module maintains high stability and high accuracy in complex environments.

[0091] In one embodiment, the wired communication module includes a USB interface that communicates with the PC host computer and the main control unit. The USB interface enables data transmission and system program updates between the system and the PC host computer.

[0092] Specifically, the wired communication module's USB interface adopts the Type-C standard, supports the USB 2.0 protocol, and has data transmission and power supply multiplexing functions. The USB interface's data lines (D+, D-) are directly connected to the main control unit of the execution module, and the serial data of the main control unit and USB protocol data are converted through a UART to USB chip. The power line (VBUS) is connected to the charging management unit of the power management module for charging the lithium battery. The data transmitted by the system to the PC host computer includes real-time acquired raw spectral data, intermediate parameters processed by the main control unit (such as ambient light intensity, initial signal-to-noise ratio, global driving factor, etc.), and system operation logs (such as module fault records, parameter adjustment records). The data transmitted by the PC host computer to the system includes configuration parameters (such as ambient light intensity reference value, target signal-to-noise ratio, weighting coefficient, shape adjustment factor, etc.) and user operation commands (such as start / stop spectral acquisition, enter calibration mode). The PC host computer transmits the compiled firmware program (including data processing algorithms, control logic, etc.) to the main control unit via USB interface using dedicated upgrade software. The main control unit receives the program and writes it to the Flash storage unit, completing the program overwrite update. During the update process, the indicator light unit of the human-machine interface module flashes yellow rapidly to indicate the update status. After the update is complete, the system automatically restarts and the green light returns to a solid state (normal working state). Through this USB interface, the system can achieve high-speed and stable interaction with the PC host computer, meeting the needs of data monitoring and parameter configuration while providing a convenient channel for system function upgrades.

[0093] In one embodiment, the wireless communication module includes an antenna, an antenna interface, and an RF matching circuit. The antenna is used to transmit and receive wireless signals, the antenna interface is used to connect the antenna to the RF matching circuit, and the RF matching circuit is used to achieve impedance matching between the antenna and the wireless communication chip to improve the efficiency and quality of wireless communication. The RF matching circuit is connected to a Bluetooth transceiver unit and is used to transmit data to the main control unit.

[0094] Specifically, wireless signals sent by external Bluetooth devices (such as mobile phones and tablets) are received by the antenna and transmitted through the antenna interface to the RF matching circuit for impedance adjustment and signal filtering. These signals are then sent to the receiving end of the Bluetooth transceiver unit. The Bluetooth transceiver unit demodulates and decodes the signal, converting it into a digital signal, which is then transmitted to the main control unit via the SPI interface to receive external commands (such as manual parameter modification by the user through an app). Data to be transmitted generated by the control unit (such as real-time spectral parameters and system status information) is sent to the Bluetooth transceiver unit via the SPI interface. After encoding and modulation, it is converted into an RF signal. The RF matching circuit optimizes the impedance matching before transmitting it through the antenna interface to the antenna and then transmitting it, completing data interaction with external devices.

[0095] In one embodiment, the human-computer interaction module includes a button unit and an indicator light unit. The button unit is used to receive the user's button operation commands and send the commands to the main control unit of the execution module. The indicator light unit is used to display the corresponding light color or flashing mode according to the system's working status to provide feedback on the system status to the user.

[0096] The button unit includes multiple function buttons, which are used to control the device's on / off and mode switching functions. The indicator light unit includes a red indicator light, a green indicator light, and a yellow indicator light, which are used to indicate the device's abnormal status, normal working status, and standby status, respectively.

[0097] Specifically, the indicator module consists of three-color RGB LEDs used to indicate the current device status. When the device is powered off, the indicator module is always off. When the device is powered on: if no external Bluetooth device connection is detected, the blue indicator light flashes at 800ms intervals. When the device detects an external Bluetooth connection, the blue indicator light remains constant. When the device detects that the battery voltage is below a set threshold, the red indicator light flashes at 300ms intervals; when the device detects that the battery is fully charged, the green light remains on. If the device is currently not connected to Bluetooth and a charger is plugged in, the red indicator light flashes at 800ms intervals. If the device is currently connected to Bluetooth and a charger is plugged in, the blue indicator light remains on while the red light flashes at 800ms intervals simultaneously. When the device enters data acquisition mode, both the green and blue indicator lights flash at 300ms intervals. During pre-shipment calibration, the red indicator light flashes at 150ms intervals until calibration is complete.

[0098] Example 2:

[0099] This embodiment of the method provides a fingertip wearable control system based on spectral sensing, mainly targeting scenarios that require accurate detection and control through fingertip biometrics or interactive behaviors, typically including:

[0100] Wearable health monitoring: such as real-time detection of physiological parameters such as fingertip blood oxygen saturation, heart rate variability (using the absorption characteristics of different wavelengths of light), and skin moisture, suitable for sports and fitness, medical and health fields (such as daily monitoring of patients with chronic diseases).

[0101] Human-computer interaction control: By leveraging the spectral reflectance characteristics of objects when touched by fingertips (such as spectral differences between different materials / textures), it enables the operation of smart devices (such as air gesture recognition and touch command input), which is suitable for VR / AR and smart home control.

[0102] Identity recognition and security verification: Based on fingertip vein distribution (unique spectral features under near-infrared light) or skin spectral fingerprints, high-precision identity authentication is achieved, which is suitable for security scenarios such as access control and payment.

[0103] The complete workflow of the system includes:

[0104] S1, Startup and Initialization

[0105] The user turns on the device via the button unit of the human-computer interaction module. The lithium battery of the power management module supplies power to each module, and the indicator light unit lights up green (normal working state).

[0106] The main control unit of the execution module reads preset parameters (such as target signal-to-noise ratio, wavelength range, etc.) from the Flash storage unit to complete system initialization.

[0107] S2, Spectral data acquisition and preprocessing

[0108] The optical controller of the spectral sensing module controls the optical emitter (multi-wavelength LED) to emit light signals of a specific spectrum according to the initial instructions, illuminating the fingertip skin or the object in contact.

[0109] The optical receiver receives the reflected / transmitted light signal, which is preprocessed by the AFE front-end circuit (amplification and filtering) and then converted into digital spectral data by the ADC sampling circuit, and sent to the main control unit of the execution module.

[0110] S3, Data Processing and Dynamic Control

[0111] The main control unit receives spectral data, extracts the current ambient light intensity and initial signal-to-noise ratio, calculates the global driving factor through a preset formula, and then derives the target center wavelength of the optical transmitter and the target receiving bandwidth of the optical receiver.

[0112] The main control unit sends the target center wavelength and target receiving bandwidth to the optical controller, dynamically adjusting the emission wavelength of the transmitter and the bandwidth of the receiver to ensure that high signal-to-noise ratio spectral acquisition is maintained at all times, regardless of changes in ambient light (such as from indoors to outdoors) or differences in the detected object (such as the skin on the fingertips of different users).

[0113] S4, Data Transmission and Interaction

[0114] The processed spectral data (such as physiological parameters and feature recognition results) can be output in two ways:

[0115] The wired communication module (USB interface) transmits data to the PC host computer for data analysis, program updates, or parameter configuration.

[0116] The wireless communication module (Bluetooth) transmits data to mobile phones and smart terminals to enable real-time display or remote control.

[0117] Users can switch the working mode via the button unit, and the indicator light unit provides feedback on the current status through color / blinking mode (e.g., a solid blue light when Bluetooth connection is successful).

[0118] S5, after closed-loop optimization and adjustment, the optical transmitter and receiver collect spectral data again, repeating the acquisition-processing-control process to form a closed loop, ensuring that the detection accuracy dynamically adapts to environmental changes.

[0119] This embodiment dynamically adjusts optical parameters (wavelength, bandwidth) to stably acquire biological or physical characteristic spectra of the fingertip even under complex ambient light conditions, maintaining a signal-to-noise ratio above 20dB and a detection error of <1%. It supports multiple modes including health monitoring, identity recognition, and human-computer interaction, and can collaborate with external devices via wired / wireless communication, meeting portability and intelligent requirements. Powered by a lithium battery and combined with a dynamic adjustment algorithm to reduce ineffective power consumption, it boasts a battery life of over 30 days. Even without external devices (such as a PC), it can independently complete data acquisition and processing, adapting to the portability requirements of wearable scenarios.

[0120] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention, and not to limit them; although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that modifications can still be made to the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments, or equivalent substitutions can be made to some of the technical features; and these modifications or substitutions do not cause the essence of the corresponding technical solutions to deviate from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.

Claims

1. A fingertip wearable control system based on spectral sensing, characterized in that, include The spectral sensing module is used to acquire spectral data; The spectral sensing module includes an optical controller, an optical transmitter, an optical receiver, an AFE front-end circuit, and an ADC sampling circuit. The optical transmitter is used to emit light signals of a specific spectrum, the optical receiver is used to receive light signals reflected or transmitted by an object, the AFE front-end circuit is used to preprocess the light signals received by the optical receiver, the ADC sampling circuit is used to convert the preprocessed analog signals into digital signals, and the optical controller is used to receive control commands issued by the execution module and control the working state of the optical transmitter and optical receiver accordingly based on the control commands. An execution module, which is connected to the spectral sensing module, is used to process spectral data and issue control commands; The execution module includes a main control unit, a Bluetooth transceiver unit, and a Flash storage unit. The Bluetooth transceiver unit is used for data communication with external devices that have Bluetooth functionality. The Flash storage unit is used to store data and programs. The main control unit is used to process the data transmitted from the ADC sampling circuit and generate spectral control parameters. Its processing flow includes: Based on the current ambient light intensity and initial signal-to-noise ratio estimation Calculate the global driving factor ; ； in, This is a reference value for ambient light intensity. For the target signal-to-noise ratio, and This is a weighting coefficient used to balance the priority between ambient light suppression and signal-to-noise ratio improvement; Utilizing the global driving factor Collaborative calculation of the target center wavelength of the optical transmitter and the target receiving bandwidth of the optical receiver : ； in, and These represent the lower and upper limits of the tunable wavelength range of the optical transmitter. and These represent the lower and upper limits of the adjustable bandwidth range for the optical receiver. and Shape adjustment factor; The main control unit will calculate the and The optical controller sends the data to the spectral sensing module according to... Adjust the center wavelength of the light source of the optical emitter according to Adjust the receiving bandwidth of the optical receiver; Specifically, the main control unit, as the data processing core of the system, receives the digital spectral data transmitted by the ADC sampling circuit and first separates the current ambient light intensity using a built-in ambient light extraction algorithm. The initial signal-to-noise ratio estimate is calculated based on the ratio of signal power to noise power. ; The main control unit uses a multi-band differential filtering method to extract the current ambient light intensity. The specific process is as follows: The optical transmitter is turned off, and 50 consecutive sets of raw digital signals corresponding to ambient light are acquired through the optical receiver and ADC sampling circuit, denoted as . The sampling interval is 10ms; right A moving average filter is applied to eliminate transient pulse interference, resulting in a smoothed ambient light signal. ; ； Based on a preset calibration curve, the filtered signal value is converted into the actual ambient light intensity. ； in, The mean of the filtered signal, and the calibration slope. and calibration intercept These are the calibration parameters pre-stored in the Flash memory unit; The main control unit calculates the initial signal-to-noise ratio using the signal power to noise power ratio method. The specific steps are as follows: When the optical emitter is controlled to emit light at a preset wavelength, the collected spectral data is the signal segment, denoted as... ; When the optical transmitter is turned off, the synchronous data collected is in the noise range, denoted as... ; Calculate signal power The mean square value of the signal segment data ; Calculate noise power The mean square value of the noise segment data ; Initial signal-to-noise ratio It is the logarithm of 10 times the ratio of signal power to noise power, i.e. ; Subsequently, the main control unit calls Substitute the parameters to calculate the global driving factor. ; in, This represents the typical value for indoor natural light, i.e., 5000 lux. The threshold is set at 25dB to ensure effective identification of spectral data; weighting coefficients α and β are used to balance the priority of ambient light suppression and signal-to-noise ratio improvement. Their acquisition method is based on the system's preset scene adaptation requirements, calibrated experimentally, and stored in the Flash storage unit of the execution module; through... This suppresses interference caused by excessive ambient light, through... Prioritize ensuring signal-to-noise ratio; shape adjustment factors γ and δ are used to modulate the target center wavelength. And the target receive bandwidth BW varies with the global driving factor The changing trend; Target center wavelength During the calculation process, the adjustable range of the optical transmitter is set to =620nm =980nm, shape adjustment factor =0.9, ensuring When changing, Linear offset within this range; In the calculation of the target receiving bandwidth BW, the adjustable range of the optical receiver is set to =40nm =180nm, shape adjustment factor =1.3, through the exponent term to make When the bandwidth is small, it narrows rapidly. When the bandwidth is large, it expands slowly. Through the above process, the execution module realizes the transformation from raw spectral data to precise control parameters. By dynamically optimizing the working state of the optical transmitter and receiver, it ensures that the spectral sensing module maintains high stability and high accuracy in complex environments. A wired communication module, which is connected to the execution module, is used to realize wired data transmission with external devices; A wireless communication module, which is connected to the execution module, is used to realize wireless data transmission with external devices; A human-computer interaction module, which is connected to the execution module, is used to receive user operation commands and provide feedback on system status; The power management module is connected to the spectral sensing module, the execution module, and the wired communication module to provide stable power supply.

2. The fingertip wearable control system based on spectral sensing according to claim 1, characterized in that, The power management module includes a lithium battery and a power management unit. The lithium battery is used to store electrical energy, and the power management unit is used to manage the charging and discharging of the lithium battery and to provide a stable operating voltage for each module of the system.

3. The fingertip wearable control system based on spectral sensing according to claim 1, characterized in that, The wired communication module includes a USB interface that communicates with the PC host computer and the main control unit. Data transmission and system program updates between the system and the PC host computer can be realized through the USB interface.

4. The fingertip wearable control system based on spectral sensing according to claim 1, characterized in that, The wireless communication module includes an antenna, an antenna interface, and an RF matching circuit. The antenna is used to transmit and receive wireless signals. The antenna interface is used to connect the antenna and the RF matching circuit. The RF matching circuit is used to achieve impedance matching between the antenna and the wireless communication chip to improve the efficiency and quality of wireless communication. The RF matching circuit is connected to the Bluetooth transceiver unit and is used to transmit data to the main control unit.

5. A fingertip wearable control system based on spectral sensing according to claim 1, characterized in that, The human-computer interaction module includes a button unit and an indicator light unit. The button unit is used to receive the user's button operation commands and send the commands to the main control unit of the execution module. The indicator light unit is used to display the corresponding light color or flashing mode according to the system's working status to provide feedback on the system status to the user.

6. The fingertip wearable control system based on spectral sensing according to claim 1, characterized in that, The optical emitter consists of multiple LEDs of different wavelengths, and the optical controller is used to control the LEDs of different wavelengths to emit light sequentially according to a preset timing sequence.

7. A fingertip wearable control system based on spectral sensing according to claim 5, characterized in that, The button unit includes multiple function buttons, which are used to control the device's on / off state, mode switching, and other functions. The indicator light unit includes a red indicator light, a green indicator light, and a yellow indicator light, which are used to indicate the device's abnormal state, normal working state, and standby state, respectively.

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