Reservoir storage and discharge flow calculation method and system considering dynamic reservoir capacity characteristics

Abstract

The invention discloses a reservoir storage and discharge flow calculation method and system considering dynamic reservoir capacity characteristics. The method comprises the steps that 1, water level data and reservoir capacity curve data of a reservoir are obtained through real-time water level monitoring equipment, a historical water level database or a remote sensing technology; 2, querying corresponding water level data according to the required starting time and ending time; 3, dividing the reservoir into a plurality of representative sections according to the characteristics of the water surface line of the reservoir, obtaining the representative water level of each representative section by querying the water level data, and substituting the representative water levels into the water level storage capacity curves of the representative sections for interpolation to obtain the dynamic storage capacity of the representative sections; adding the dynamic storage capacities of the representative sections to obtain the total storage capacity of the time point; 4, calculating the storage and discharge flow according to the total storage capacity difference of the starting time and the ending time in combination with the time difference; 5, flow correction is carried out on the storage and discharge flow obtained through calculation; the storage and discharge flow of the reservoir in the given time period can be efficiently and accurately calculated, and the method is suitable for dispatching management of the cascade reservoir group.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of water conservancy engineering, and in particular to a method and system for calculating the storage and discharge flow of a reservoir taking into account dynamic storage capacity characteristics. Background Art

[0002] Calculating storage and discharge flows is crucial in reservoir operation and management. Hydropower station water management data is essential for understanding the operational status of hydropower stations and ensuring their safe and stable operation. Its calculation accuracy is crucial for the efficient and precise control of hydropower plants, and is a key component in the refined control and efficient, economical operation of cascade hydropower stations. Traditional methods for calculating storage and discharge flows typically rely on measured data and employ a water level-capacity relationship model based on a static storage capacity curve. This core assumption assumes that the reservoir water surface is horizontal and that the storage capacity only has a static relationship with the water level. This approach has significant limitations in practical applications. First, due to dynamic storage capacity effects, when reservoirs are in unsteady state operation, the actual water surface exhibits a nonlinear slope, resulting in significant deviations between the calculated values ​​based on the static storage capacity curve and the actual storage capacity. Second, traditional methods fail to account for flow propagation time and backwater effects between cascade hydropower stations, treating upstream and downstream reservoirs as independent systems for calculations, leading to periodic flow imbalances. These inherent flaws complicate the calculation process and lead to significant error accumulation. This is particularly true when dealing with dynamic operating conditions such as flood evolution and sudden changes in unit load, where the calculated results often deviate from the actual values. The superposition of these factors leads to widespread problems in actual work, such as data logic contradictions, unbalanced inflow and outflow of cascade power stations, and insufficient calculation accuracy. Especially in the stage of rapid drawdown or recharge of reservoirs, the storage capacity deviation caused by dynamic storage capacity seriously restricts the reliability of scheduling decisions.

[0003] Therefore, there is an urgent need for an efficient and accurate reservoir storage and discharge flow calculation method that can quickly calculate the storage and discharge flow within a given time period based on runoff logic, and provide more scientific and reasonable data and algorithm support for the refined scheduling of cascade power stations. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of the present invention is to overcome the above-mentioned shortcomings and provide a method and system for calculating the storage and discharge flow of a reservoir taking into account the dynamic storage capacity characteristics, which can efficiently and accurately calculate the storage and discharge flow of the reservoir within a given time period and is suitable for the scheduling management of cascade reservoir groups.

[0005] To solve the above technical problems, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is: a method for calculating the storage and discharge flow of a reservoir taking into account the dynamic storage capacity characteristics, comprising the following steps:

[0006] Step 1: Obtain the reservoir water level data and storage capacity curve data through real-time water level monitoring equipment, historical water level database or remote sensing technology;

[0007] Step 2: Query the corresponding water level data according to the required start time and end time;

[0008] Step 3: Divide the reservoir into several representative sections according to the characteristics of the reservoir surface line. Obtain the representative water level of each representative section by querying the water level data. Substitute the representative water level into the representative section water level storage capacity curve for interpolation to obtain the dynamic storage capacity of the representative section. Add the dynamic storage capacity of each representative section to obtain the total storage capacity at that time point.

[0009] Step 4: Calculate the storage and discharge flow rate based on the total storage tolerance between the start time and the end time and the time difference;

[0010] Step 5: Perform flow correction on the calculated storage and discharge flow.

[0011] Preferably, the method for calculating the dynamic storage capacity in step 3 is:

[0012] Step 3.1: Representative segment division criteria: Divide the reservoir into several representative segments using adjacent water surface slope turning points as boundaries, ensuring that the water surface slope change rate within each segment is less than a threshold;

[0013] Step 3.2, representative water level calculation method: If the reservoir has multiple water level monitoring points, take the average water level of the endpoint representative stations within the representative section as the representative water level; if the reservoir only has the water level in front of the dam and the inflow data, calculate the water surface curve according to the Manning formula, and then perform integration along the line to obtain the water level at the midpoint of each representative section as the representative water level; the calculation formula is as follows:

[0014] H(x)=H 坝前 +S f ·x

[0015] Among them, H(x) represents the water level at the midpoint of the segment, S f is the hydraulic gradient, x is the distance from the dam, H 坝前 is the water level in front of the dam;

[0016] Step 3.3, dynamic storage capacity calculation: The linear interpolation method is based on the geometric approximation of the local area of ​​the reservoir, assuming that the rate of change of the water surface area between adjacent water points is constant and satisfies:

[0017]

[0018] This ensures that the error in reservoir capacity calculation is within the allowable range of the project and is applicable to the reservoir scenarios represented by the reservoir sections;

[0019] According to the current water level H 代表 , find two adjacent known data points (H1, V1) and (H2, V2) in the storage capacity curve, where H1≤H 代表 ≤H2;

[0020] The reservoir capacity V corresponding to the current representative section water level is calculated using the following formula:

[0021]

[0022] The linear interpolation method is applicable to the area where the storage capacity change between adjacent data points in the water level-storage capacity curve is approximately linear.

[0023] Preferably, the storage and discharge flow calculation in step 4 is based on the principle of conservation of mass, that is, the change in the storage capacity of the reservoir within a time period is equal to the difference between the inflow and the outflow, which is achieved by the following formula:

[0024]

[0025] Where V BT and V AT The total storage capacity at the end time and the start time respectively; Δt is the time difference, Q is the storage and discharge flow rate in the calculation time period; the dynamic storage capacity of each representative section is calculated independently and then accumulated; the calculation method is as follows:

[0026]

[0027] Among them, V i (h i ) is the dynamic storage capacity of the i-th section, and the water level h i Obtained by interpolating the water level and storage capacity curve of the representative section; V total is the total storage capacity at the calculation time point, and n represents the total number of representative segments.

[0028] Preferably, in step 5, when calculating the storage and discharge flow, the water flow propagation time and backwater effect of the upstream and downstream reservoirs are taken into account, and the flow is corrected by the following formula:

[0029] Q'=Q·e -αΔt

[0030] Among them, α is the water flow attenuation coefficient, which is determined by the river channel roughness, slope and cross-sectional morphology, and calculated by the Manning formula. It is used to characterize the energy loss of water flow during propagation and ensure the physical consistency of multi-reservoir flow balance.

[0031] The present invention discloses a reservoir storage and discharge flow calculation system, which applies the reservoir storage and discharge flow calculation method considering dynamic storage capacity characteristics, and includes the following modules:

[0032] The data loading module is used to load the water level data and storage capacity curve data of the reservoir; the water level query module is used to query the water level data of the start time and end time according to a given time period; the storage capacity calculation module is used to calculate the storage capacity according to the water level storage capacity curve; the flow calculation module is used to calculate the storage and discharge flow within a given time period; the result output module is used to export the calculation results as an Excel file.

[0033] Preferably, the data loading module supports the following functions:

[0034] Automatically identify representative fields of reservoirs and load corresponding water level data and reservoir capacity curve data; support loading of multiple data formats; automatically perform data verification during data loading. If the water level data at a certain time point is null, the water level value at that time point is obtained by taking the average of the water level values ​​before and after it to ensure data integrity and consistency; if the time entered by the user exceeds the time for loading water level data, the system will pop up a window prompting "Time exceeds the pop-up range, please re-enter the query time";

[0035] When filling in missing water level data, the data loading module limits the physically reasonable range of the water level change rate at adjacent time points based on the principle of water flow continuity; if a sudden change in water level exceeding a threshold is detected, an abnormal prompt is triggered and manual review is prompted to avoid calculation deviations caused by sensor failure or data anomalies.

[0036] Preferably, the water level query module supports the following functions:

[0037] Query water level data for the start and end times based on the time period and reservoir representative field entered by the user; calculate water level values ​​through interpolation for time points not in the data; support water level data queries for multiple reservoirs and automatically match corresponding reservoir names.

[0038] Preferably, the storage capacity calculation module supports the following functions:

[0039] When this module uses the linear interpolation method, combined with the reservoir segmentation representation method, the reservoir area is divided into multiple representative segments. The water level-reservoir capacity curve of each segment is calculated independently and then accumulated. Its physical basis is:

[0040]

[0041] Among them, V i (h i ) is the storage capacity of the i-th section, and the water level h is represented by this section i Obtained through local terrain integration; for complex terrain, the module supports dynamic adjustment of the number of segments and interpolation methods to adapt to the geometric characteristics of different reservoirs, and supports parallel calculation of multiple reservoirs to improve calculation efficiency.

[0042] Preferably, the flow calculation module supports the following functions:

[0043] The storage and discharge flow is calculated based on the reservoir tolerance between the start and end times, combined with the time difference. In addition, the flow propagation time and backwater effect of the upstream and downstream reservoirs are taken into account, and the flow is corrected using the following formula:

[0044] Q'=Q·e -αΔt

[0045] Among them, α is the water flow attenuation coefficient, which is determined by the river channel roughness, slope and cross-sectional morphology, and calculated by the Manning formula. It is used to characterize the energy loss of water flow during propagation and ensure the physical consistency of multi-reservoir flow balance.

[0046] Preferably, the result output module supports the following functions:

[0047] The calculation results are exported as Excel files, and the file format includes time, period reservoir tolerance, storage and discharge flow information; key physical parameters are automatically labeled, and uncertainty analysis of the calculation results is provided. The system supports the merging and export of results from multiple reservoirs to generate a single Excel file; and provides an automatic naming function for the result file, with the file name including the time period and reservoir name.

[0048] Preferably, the system further includes a user interaction module, which supports the following functions:

[0049] Provides a command line interface (CLI) that allows users to enter time periods and select reservoir parameters; supports user-defined calculation parameters; and provides real-time calculation progress display to enhance user experience.

[0050] The present invention discloses a computer-readable storage medium storing a computer program, which, when executed by a processor, implements the reservoir storage and discharge flow calculation method considering dynamic storage capacity characteristics.

[0051] The present invention discloses an electronic device, comprising a memory and a processor, wherein the memory is used to store a computer program, and the processor runs the computer program to enable the electronic device to execute the above-mentioned reservoir storage and discharge flow calculation method considering dynamic storage capacity characteristics.

[0052] Beneficial effects of the present invention:

[0053] The reservoir storage and discharge flow calculation method provided by the present invention has the following significant advantages:

[0054] (1) Improved accuracy of dynamic reservoir capacity correction: By establishing a dynamic reservoir capacity correction model, the calculation accuracy of the reservoir capacity-water level relationship is significantly improved, especially in dynamic scenarios such as flood evolution and rapid storage.

[0055] (2) Optimization of spatiotemporal coupling of cascade flow: Introducing a water flow propagation time-delay compensation algorithm and a backwater feedback mechanism to solve the phase difference problem of upstream and downstream reservoir flows and effectively avoid misjudgment of energy loss caused by spatiotemporal decoupling.

[0056] (3) Enhanced modeling capabilities for complex hydraulic correlations: A cascade coupling calculation model is constructed to simultaneously analyze hydraulic correlation factors such as the backwater support effect and the channel storage effect, which can accurately reflect the interactive effects between reservoir groups and support multi-objective coordinated scheduling.

[0057] (4) It can efficiently and accurately calculate the storage and discharge flow of a reservoir within a given time period, and is suitable for the scheduling and management of cascade reservoir groups.

[0058] The beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows:

[0059] (1) High efficiency: including automated calculation: the system significantly reduces manual intervention and improves calculation efficiency through automated data loading, query, calculation and output; parallel processing: the system can process the storage and discharge flow calculations of multiple reservoirs at the same time, which is suitable for the scheduling and management of cascade reservoir groups; fast response: through optimized data structure and algorithm, the system can complete complex reservoir storage and discharge flow calculations in a short time to meet the needs of real-time scheduling.

[0060] (2) Accuracy: including interpolation calculation: the system uses interpolation method to calculate water level and reservoir capacity, ensuring the accuracy of the calculation results; data verification: the system automatically performs data verification during data loading and calculation to ensure the accuracy and completeness of input data; error control: through accurate time difference calculation and reservoir tolerance calculation, the system can effectively control calculation errors and ensure the reliability of the results.

[0061] (3) Applicability: including multi-reservoir support: the system supports the calculation of storage and discharge flows of multiple reservoirs and is suitable for the scheduling and management of cascade reservoir groups; flexible time period selection: users can select any time period for calculation according to their needs, and the system will automatically process discontinuous time data; Scalability: the system design is modular and easy to expand new reservoirs or new calculation functions.

[0062] (4) Ease of use: including user-friendliness: the system provides a simple and easy-to-use user interface, and users do not need to have programming knowledge to use it; result visualization: the calculation results are output in the form of Excel files, which facilitates users to conduct further data analysis and visualization; document support: the system provides detailed usage documentation and technical support. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0063] Figure 1 Flow chart of the method of the present invention.

[0064] Figure 2 Runs the graph for the command line.

[0065] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the output Excel file content. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0066] The present invention will be described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.

[0067] Example 1: As shown in the figure, the present invention provides a method for calculating the storage and discharge flow of a reservoir taking into account the dynamic storage capacity characteristics, comprising the following steps:

[0068] Step 1: Obtain reservoir water level data through real-time water level monitoring equipment, historical water level database or remote sensing technology;

[0069] Step 2: Query the corresponding water level data according to the required start time and end time;

[0070] Step 3: Divide the reservoir into several representative sections based on its water surface characteristics. Query the water level data to obtain the representative water level for each representative section. Substitute the representative water level into the representative section water level and storage capacity curve for interpolation to obtain the dynamic storage capacity of the representative section. Add the dynamic storage capacity of each representative section to obtain the total storage capacity at that point in time.

[0071] Step 4: Calculate the storage and discharge flow based on the total storage tolerance between the start time and the end time, combined with the time difference.

[0072] Step 5: Make flow correction to the calculated storage and discharge flow.

[0073] The specific calculation method of the dynamic storage capacity in step 3 is as follows:

[0074] Calculate the water surface slope along the length of the reservoir with the measuring station as the starting and ending points. The calculation method is as follows:

[0075]

[0076] Where H is the water level, x is the distance in front of the dam, and the position where the slope change rate exceeds the set threshold is identified Marked as water surface slope turning points. The reservoir is divided into several representative segments using adjacent water surface slope turning points as boundaries, ensuring that the rate of change of the water surface slope within each segment is less than a threshold. When the distance between adjacent turning points is less than 5% of the total reservoir length, adjacent segments are merged to avoid excessive fragmentation. For areas with drastic fluctuations in inflow or at the end of the backwater zone, dynamic segmentation points are added to ensure independent segmentation of areas with sudden slope changes.

[0077] If the reservoir has multiple water level monitoring points, the average water level of the representative stations at the endpoints within the representative section is taken as the representative water level:

[0078]

[0079] If the reservoir only has the water level in front of the dam and the inflow data, the water surface curve is calculated according to the Manning formula, and then the water level at the midpoint of each representative section is obtained as the representative water level by integrating along the line:

[0080] H(x)=H 坝前+S f ·x

[0081] Among them, S f is the hydraulic gradient, and x is the distance from the dam.

[0082] In the calculation of dynamic storage capacity of a reservoir, it is assumed that the rate of change of the water surface area between adjacent water points is constant, that is, it satisfies:

[0083]

[0084] This ensures that the error in reservoir capacity calculation is within the allowable range of the project and is applicable to reservoir scenarios represented by reservoir sections.

[0085] According to the current water level H 代表 , find two adjacent known data points (H1, V1) and (H2, V2) in the storage capacity curve, where H1≤H 代表 ≤H2;

[0086] The reservoir capacity V corresponding to the current representative section water level is calculated using the following formula:

[0087]

[0088] The linear interpolation method is applicable to the area where the storage capacity change between adjacent data points in the water level-storage capacity curve is approximately linear.

[0089] The specific calculation method for the dynamic flow correction in step 5 is as follows:

[0090] In the joint operation of cascade reservoirs, the actual flow rate will decay over time and space due to energy loss (such as friction resistance and local resistance) during the propagation of water in the river channel. This method dynamically corrects the theoretical storage and discharge flow rate Q by introducing an exponential decay model to obtain the actual effective flow rate Q', which is expressed as: Q' = Q·e -αΔt

[0091] Wherein, the attenuation factor αΔt is:

[0092] α is the water flow attenuation coefficient, which comprehensively reflects the quantitative impact of river channel roughness and hydraulic radius on energy loss. It is determined by the river channel roughness n, gravity acceleration g, and hydraulic radius R, and calculated using the Manning formula:

[0093]

[0094] It is used to characterize the energy loss of water flow during propagation and ensure the physical consistency of multi-reservoir flow balance.

[0095] Δt represents the propagation time of water from the upstream reservoir to the downstream reservoir, and is calculated as follows:

[0096]

[0097] Among them, L is the length of the river section, S is the riverbed gradient, and v is the water wave velocity.

[0098] Example 2: System composition:

[0099] The present invention provides a reservoir storage and discharge flow calculation system based on a reservoir storage and discharge flow calculation method. The system consists of multiple modules, each responsible for a different function, working together to achieve efficient and accurate storage and discharge flow calculation. The following is a detailed composition of the system:

[0100] (1) Data loading module:

[0101] Responsible for loading reservoir water level data and storage capacity curve data. The system reads pre-stored .npz files (containing water level data) and .xlsx files (containing storage capacity curve data) and loads the data into memory for subsequent calculations. Water level data comes from the reservoir's real-time monitoring system, and storage capacity curve data comes from the reservoir's design data. This module reduces manual intervention and improves data processing efficiency through automated data loading.

[0102] (2) Water level query module:

[0103] Query water level data for the start and end time of a user-entered time period. The system uses the time index to search for the corresponding water level value in the loaded water level data. If a time point is not in the data, the system calculates the water level at that time using an interpolation method (linear interpolation). This module supports flexible time period queries and can handle discontinuous time data to ensure the accuracy of water level data.

[0104] (3) Storage capacity calculation module:

[0105] The reservoir is divided into several representative segments, using the turning points of adjacent water surface slopes as boundaries. Representative water levels are calculated for each segment, and the reservoir capacity at the start and end times is calculated based on the water level and reservoir capacity curves for these segments. The system converts water level data into reservoir capacity data using an interpolation function (linear interpolation). Each reservoir's reservoir capacity curve is stored in a separate .xlsx file, and the system automatically selects the corresponding capacity curve file based on the reservoir name.

[0106] (4) Flow calculation module:

[0107] Based on the reservoir tolerance between the start time and the end time, the storage and discharge flow is calculated in combination with the time difference. In addition, considering the water flow propagation time and backwater effect of the upstream and downstream reservoirs, the flow is corrected by the following formula:

[0108] Q'=Q·e -αΔt

[0109] Among them, α is the water flow attenuation coefficient, which is determined by the river channel roughness, slope and cross-sectional morphology, and calculated by the Manning formula. It is used to characterize the energy loss of water flow during propagation and ensure the physical consistency of multi-reservoir flow balance.

[0110] (5) Result output module:

[0111] Export the calculation results to Excel file (such as Figure 3 The system stores the calculation results in a DataFrame and exports the data to an Excel file using the to_excel method in the pandas library. The exported Excel file has a clear structure, making it easy to perform further data analysis and visualization.

[0112] (6) User interaction module:

[0113] Provides command line interface CLI (such as Figure 2 As shown in the figure, it allows users to enter parameters such as time period and reservoir selection. This enhances the system's usability, as users can use the system without writing code.

[0114] Example 3: Calculation of storage and discharge flow of a reservoir A in the upper reaches of the Yangtze River

[0115] (1) Data preparation:

[0116] Water level data is imported from the historical water level database, data governance is performed on the historical water level data, outliers are automatically identified based on the 3σ principle, and missing data are interpolated using the linear interpolation method.

[0117] (2) Query water level data and divide it into representative segments:

[0118] Enter the representative field of Reservoir A and the time period to be calculated (2021-12-20 00:00:00 to 2021-12-31 22:00:00), and query the water level data at the start time and end time.

[0119] Reservoir A is a long, narrow channel reservoir with significant water level fluctuations from upstream to downstream. Therefore, the water level at any single water level station cannot accurately reflect the water level changes within Reservoir A. Therefore, the reservoir was segmented based on its topography and the layout of the water level stations. A slope change rate threshold was set, and slope turning points were marked when these thresholds were exceeded. Using adjacent water surface slope turning points as boundaries, Reservoir A was divided into seven representative sections: Section 1: Daba B1 to Zigui B2; Section 2: Zigui B2 to Badong B3; Section 3: Badong B3 to Wushan B4; Section 4: Wushan B4 to Fengjie B5; Section 5: Fengjie B5 to Yunyang B6; Section 6: Yunyang B6 to Wanxian B7; and Section 7: Wanxian B7 to Shibaozhai B8. The average water level of Fenghuang Mountain B1 and Zigui B2 is taken as the representative water level of the first section, the average water level of Zigui B2 and Badong B3 is taken as the representative water level of the second section, the average water level of Badong B3 and Wushan B4 is taken as the representative water level of the third section, the average water level of Wushan B4 and Fengjie B5 is taken as the representative water level of the fourth section, the average water level of Fengjie B5 and Yunyang B6 is taken as the representative water level of the fifth section, the average water level of Yunyang B6 and Wanxian B7 is taken as the representative water level of the sixth section, and the average water level of Wanxian B7 and Shibaozhai B8 is taken as the representative water level of the seventh section.

[0120] (3) Storage capacity calculation:

[0121] Water level and storage capacity curves were calculated for each representative section of Reservoir A. First, the water level-area curves for all sections within each section were calculated. Then, combined with the intersecting distance data for each major section, the water level and storage capacity curves for each section were calculated. Based on the water level and storage capacity curves for the seven representative sections, an interpolation function was used to calculate the storage capacities of the seven representative sections at the start and end times. The sum of these values ​​was then used to obtain the total storage capacity at the start and end times.

[0122] (4) Flow calculation:

[0123] The storage and release flows are calculated based on the total reservoir tolerance between the start and end times, combined with the time difference. The storage and release flow attenuation factor is determined based on the river channel roughness and hydraulic radius in Reservoir A, as well as the propagation time of water from the upstream to the downstream reservoir. The calculated storage and release flows are then dynamically corrected.

[0124] (5) Result output:

[0125] The calculation results of the storage and discharge flow after dynamic correction are exported as an Excel file (storage and discharge flow.xlsx).

[0126] The above embodiments are merely preferred technical solutions of the present invention and should not be construed as limiting the present invention. The scope of protection of the present invention shall be the technical solutions set forth in the claims, including equivalent alternatives to the technical features of the technical solutions set forth in the claims. In other words, equivalent alternatives and improvements within this scope are also within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for calculating reservoir storage and discharge flow considering dynamic storage capacity characteristics, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: Step 1: Obtain the reservoir water level data and storage capacity curve data through real-time water level monitoring equipment, historical water level database or remote sensing technology; Step 2: Query the corresponding water level data according to the required start time and end time; Step 3: Divide the reservoir into several representative sections according to the characteristics of the reservoir surface line. Obtain the representative water level of each representative section by querying the water level data. Substitute the representative water level into the representative section water level storage capacity curve for interpolation to obtain the dynamic storage capacity of the representative section. Add the dynamic storage capacity of each representative section to obtain the total storage capacity at that time point. Step 4: Calculate the storage and discharge flow rate based on the total storage tolerance between the start time and the end time and the time difference; Step 5: Perform flow correction on the calculated storage and discharge flow.

2. A reservoir storage and discharge flow calculation method considering dynamic storage capacity characteristics according to claim 1, characterized in that: The method for calculating the dynamic storage capacity in step 3 is: Step 3.1: Representative segment division criteria: Divide the reservoir into several representative segments using adjacent water surface slope turning points as boundaries, ensuring that the water surface slope change rate within each segment is less than a threshold; Step 3.2, representative water level calculation method: If the reservoir has multiple water level monitoring points, take the average water level of the endpoint representative stations within the representative section as the representative water level; if the reservoir only has the water level in front of the dam and the inflow data, calculate the water surface curve according to the Manning formula, and then perform integration along the line to obtain the water level at the midpoint of each representative section as the representative water level; the calculation formula is as follows: H(x)=H 坝前 +S f ·x Among them, H(x) represents the water level at the midpoint of the segment, S f is the hydraulic gradient, x is the distance from the dam, H 坝前 is the water level in front of the dam; Step 3.3, dynamic storage capacity calculation: The linear interpolation method is based on the geometric approximation of the local area of ​​the reservoir, assuming that the rate of change of the water surface area between adjacent water points is constant and satisfies: This ensures that the error in reservoir capacity calculation is within the allowable range of the project and is applicable to the reservoir scenarios represented by the reservoir sections; According to the current water level H 代表 , find two adjacent known data points (H1, V1) and (H2, V2) in the storage capacity curve, where H1≤H 代表 ≤H2; The reservoir capacity V corresponding to the current representative section water level is calculated using the following formula: The linear interpolation method is applicable to the area where the storage capacity change between adjacent data points in the water level-storage capacity curve is approximately linear.

3. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that The calculation of the storage and discharge flow in step 4 is based on the principle of conservation of mass, that is, the change in the reservoir capacity within a time period is equal to the difference between the inflow and outflow, which is achieved by the following formula: Where V BT and V AT The total storage capacity at the end time and the start time respectively; Δt is the time difference, Q is the storage and discharge flow rate in the calculation time period; the dynamic storage capacity of each representative section is calculated independently and then accumulated; the calculation method is as follows: Among them, V i (h i ) is the dynamic storage capacity of the i-th section, and the water level h i Obtained by interpolating the water level and storage capacity curve of the representative section; V total is the total storage capacity at the calculation time point, and n represents the total number of representative segments.

4. A reservoir storage and discharge flow calculation method considering dynamic storage capacity characteristics according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step 5, the flow propagation time and backwater effect of the upstream and downstream reservoirs are taken into account when calculating the storage and discharge flow, and the flow is corrected using the following formula: Q'=Q·e -αΔt Among them, α is the water flow attenuation coefficient, which is determined by the river channel roughness, slope and cross-sectional morphology, and calculated by the Manning formula. It is used to characterize the energy loss of water flow during propagation and ensure the physical consistency of multi-reservoir flow balance.

5. A reservoir storage and discharge flow calculation system, applying the reservoir storage and discharge flow calculation method considering dynamic storage capacity characteristics according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that: Includes the following modules: The data loading module is used to load the water level data and storage capacity curve data of the reservoir; the water level query module is used to query the water level data of the start time and end time according to a given time period; the storage capacity calculation module is used to calculate the storage capacity according to the water level storage capacity curve; Flow calculation module, used to calculate the storage and discharge flow within a given time period; The result output module is used to export the calculation results as Excel files.

6. The reservoir storage and discharge flow calculation system according to claim 5, characterized in that: The data loading module supports the following functions: Automatically identify representative fields of reservoirs and load corresponding water level data and reservoir capacity curve data; support loading of multiple data formats; automatically perform data verification during data loading. If the water level data at a certain time point is null, the water level value at that time point is obtained by taking the average of the water level values ​​at the previous and next time points to ensure data integrity and consistency; if the time entered by the user exceeds the time for loading water level data, the system will pop up a window prompting "Time exceeds the pop-up range, please re-enter the query time"; When filling in missing water level data, the data loading module limits the physically reasonable range of the water level change rate at adjacent time points based on the principle of water flow continuity; if a sudden change in water level exceeding a threshold is detected, an abnormal prompt is triggered and manual review is prompted to avoid calculation deviations caused by sensor failure or data anomalies.

7. The reservoir storage and discharge flow calculation system according to claim 5, characterized in that: The water level query module supports the following functions: Query water level data for the start and end times based on the time period and reservoir representative field entered by the user; calculate water level values ​​through interpolation for time points not in the data; support water level data queries for multiple reservoirs and automatically match corresponding reservoir names.

8. The reservoir storage and discharge flow calculation system according to claim 5, characterized in that: The storage capacity calculation module supports the following functions: When this module uses the linear interpolation method, combined with the reservoir segmentation representation method, the reservoir area is divided into multiple representative segments. The water level-reservoir capacity curve of each segment is calculated independently and then accumulated. Its physical basis is: Among them, V i (h i ) is the storage capacity of the i-th section, and the water level h is represented by this section i Obtained through local terrain integration; for complex terrain, the module supports dynamic adjustment of the number of segments and interpolation methods to adapt to the geometric characteristics of different reservoirs, and supports parallel calculation of multiple reservoirs to improve calculation efficiency.

9. The reservoir storage and discharge flow calculation system according to claim 5, characterized in that: The flow calculation module supports the following functions: The storage and discharge flow is calculated based on the reservoir tolerance between the start and end times, combined with the time difference. In addition, the flow propagation time and backwater effect of the upstream and downstream reservoirs are taken into account, and the flow is corrected using the following formula: Q'=Q·e -αΔt Among them, α is the water flow attenuation coefficient, which is determined by the river channel roughness, slope and cross-sectional morphology, and calculated by the Manning formula. It is used to characterize the energy loss of water flow during propagation and ensure the physical consistency of multi-reservoir flow balance.

10. The reservoir storage and discharge flow calculation system according to claim 5, characterized in that: The result output module supports the following functions: The calculation results are exported as Excel files, and the file format includes time, period reservoir tolerance, storage and discharge flow information; key physical parameters are automatically labeled, and uncertainty analysis of the calculation results is provided. The system supports the merging and export of results from multiple reservoirs to generate a single Excel file; and provides an automatic naming function for the result file, with the file name including the time period and reservoir name.

11. The reservoir storage and discharge flow calculation system according to claim 5, characterized in that: The system also includes a user interaction module that supports the following functions: Provides a command line interface (CLI) that allows users to enter time periods and select reservoir parameters; supports user-defined calculation parameters; and provides real-time calculation progress display to enhance user experience.

12. A computer-readable storage medium, characterized in that A computer program is stored, and when the computer program is executed by a processor, the method for calculating the storage and discharge flow of a reservoir taking into account the dynamic storage capacity characteristics as described in any one of claims 1 to 4 is implemented.

13. An electronic device, characterized in that: The electronic device comprises a memory and a processor, wherein the memory is used to store a computer program, and the processor runs the computer program to enable the electronic device to execute the reservoir storage and discharge flow calculation method considering dynamic storage capacity characteristics as described in any one of claims 1 to 4.

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