Energy supply system of fuel cell coupled with flow battery and operation control method thereof

Abstract

The application discloses a power supply system of a fuel cell coupled with a flow battery and a running control method thereof. The power supply system comprises a basic power supply unit, an energy storage peak shaving unit, a renewable energy power generation unit, an electrolytic hydrogen production unit, a hydrogen storage unit, a first-level waste heat recycling unit, a second-level waste heat recycling unit and a heat storage unit. The basic power supply unit is used for providing a basic power load of a target building group; the energy storage peak shaving unit is used for providing a fluctuating power load of the target building group; the first-level waste heat recycling unit receives first-level waste heat generated by fuel cell power generation and is used for indoor heating or indoor refrigeration; and the second-level waste heat recycling unit directly receives the first-level waste heat or second-level waste heat from the first-level waste heat recycling unit and is used for preheating electrolytic water and / or the hydrogen storage unit. The application has the advantages that the first-level waste heat recycling unit and the second-level waste heat recycling unit are arranged, the waste heat is used in multiple levels according to the demand, and the waste heat utilization rate is high.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of integrated energy supply technology, and in particular to an energy supply system and operation control method for a fuel cell coupled with a flow battery. Background Technology

[0002] Due to the randomness and intermittency of renewable energy, energy storage is crucial for maintaining power system balance and supporting energy transition. Taking battery energy storage systems as an example, many provinces have mandated the installation of energy storage at renewable energy power plants. Nevertheless, due to geographical and climatic limitations, energy storage systems suffer from low utilization rates and face challenges such as insufficient renewable energy absorption capacity, lack of cross-seasonal energy dispatch, and limited peak-shaving flexibility.

[0003] To address these issues, energy supply systems capable of meeting peak-shaving demands have emerged on the market. These systems generate waste heat during operation, but waste heat utilization is low and requires further improvement. Summary of the Invention

[0004] To address the aforementioned problems, this invention provides a power supply system for a fuel cell coupled with a flow battery and a method for controlling its operation.

[0005] The power supply system for a fuel cell coupled with a flow battery includes:

[0006] The basic power supply unit uses fuel cells to generate electricity to meet the basic power load of the target building complex.

[0007] Energy storage and peak shaving unit, which uses flow battery energy storage to meet the fluctuating power load of the target building complex;

[0008] A renewable energy power generation unit that uses renewable energy to generate electricity for water electrolysis or storage in the flow battery;

[0009] The hydrogen electrolysis unit uses electricity generated by the renewable energy power generation unit to produce hydrogen through water electrolysis.

[0010] A hydrogen storage unit is used to store hydrogen and release hydrogen as needed to power the fuel cell for electricity generation.

[0011] A primary waste heat recovery and utilization unit receives primary waste heat generated by the fuel cell power generation and uses it for indoor heating or cooling of the target building complex.

[0012] The secondary waste heat recovery and utilization unit directly receives the primary waste heat generated by the fuel cell power generation or the secondary waste heat from the primary waste heat recovery and utilization unit, and uses it to preheat the water electrolysis and / or hydrogen storage unit.

[0013] A thermal storage unit is used to store primary waste heat generated by fuel cell power generation or secondary waste heat from the primary waste heat recovery and utilization unit.

[0014] Several alternative methods are provided below, but they are not intended as additional limitations on the overall solution above. They are merely further additions or optimizations. Provided there are no technical or logical contradictions, each alternative method can be combined individually with respect to the overall solution above, or multiple alternative methods can be combined with each other.

[0015] Optionally, the flow battery utilizes the waste heat stored in the heat storage unit for preheating.

[0016] Optionally, the renewable energy power generation unit includes a wind power generation unit and a solar power generation unit.

[0017] Optionally, hydrogen combustion heating units may be included for indoor heating of the target building complex.

[0018] Optionally, a backup power generation unit may be included to generate electricity to meet the basic power load of the target building complex when the basic power supply unit is shut down.

[0019] Optionally, an oxygen storage unit may be included, which stores oxygen and releases oxygen to supply the fuel cell and / or flow battery to participate in the oxidation reaction.

[0020] This application also provides a method for operating control of a fuel cell coupled with a flow battery, including:

[0021] Fuel cell power generation meets the basic power load of the target building complex, while flow batteries supplement the power load gap during peak periods;

[0022] The waste heat generated by fuel cell power generation can be used for one or more of the following purposes, depending on the season: indoor cooling, indoor heating, preheating water electrolysis, preheating hydrogen storage unit, and storing in heat storage unit.

[0023] The electricity generated by the renewable energy power generation unit is first stored in the energy storage and peak shaving unit, and the excess electricity is used to produce hydrogen by electrolyzing water.

[0024] Optionally, in summer, the primary waste heat generated by fuel cell power generation first satisfies the indoor cooling needs of the target building complex, and the secondary waste heat is stored in the heat storage unit.

[0025] In winter, the primary waste heat generated by fuel cell power generation first meets the indoor heating needs of the target building complex, while the secondary waste heat is used to preheat water electrolysis and / or hydrogen storage units.

[0026] In spring and autumn, the primary waste heat generated by fuel cell power generation is directly used to preheat water electrolysis and / or hydrogen storage units, with the remainder stored in the heat storage unit.

[0027] Optionally, when the actual charge of the flow battery is less than 30% of the rated charge, it should be charged; when the actual charge of the flow battery is greater than 80% of the rated charge, charging should be stopped.

[0028] Optionally, an oxygen storage unit is included, which stores oxygen and releases oxygen to participate in the oxidation reaction with the fuel cell and / or flow battery, and the opening degree of the oxygen distribution valve is obtained according to the following prediction function. , When M is at its minimum value, the corresponding This is the optimal solution for oxygen distribution;

[0029] Prediction function for optimal oxygen delivery allocation:

[0030]

[0031] in, , For oxygen utilization rate, The oxygen concentration (mol / m³) in the positive electrode cavity of the flow battery. Oxygen utilization rate at the cathode of the fuel cell (%) This represents the relative saturation concentration of oxygen in the flow cell.

[0032] For the energy consumption cost of oxygen production, For the oxygen generation system power, The electricity price at that time;

[0033] To quantify the lifespan loss cost of oxygen compressors, This refers to the compressor speed. Relative rotational speed;

[0034] α, β, and γ are weight coefficients, α=0.5, β=0.3, and γ=0.2.

[0035] This application discloses a power supply system and its operation control method for a fuel cell coupled with a flow battery. By setting up a primary waste heat recovery and utilization unit and a secondary waste heat recovery and utilization unit, the waste heat is utilized in multiple stages according to demand, resulting in a high waste heat utilization rate. At the same time, a large amount of surplus electricity generated by the renewable energy power generation unit can be used for water electrolysis to produce hydrogen and oxygen. The produced hydrogen is used as fuel for power generation in a fuel cell with high power generation efficiency. Meanwhile, the produced oxygen is used in the chemical reaction process of flow battery energy storage and fuel cell power generation through an optimized oxygen supply mode. The energy system is further powered by a dual time scale coordinated energy regulation strategy of "daytime-seasonal" time scale, thereby maximizing the overall energy efficiency of the flow battery and fuel cell coupled power supply system. Attached Figure Description

[0036] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of the total daytime power supply load of a target building complex according to an embodiment provided in this application;

[0037] Figure 2 A schematic diagram of the power supply system of a fuel cell coupled flow battery according to an embodiment of this application in summer and winter;

[0038] Figure 3 A schematic diagram of the power supply system of a fuel cell coupled with a flow battery according to an embodiment of this application, in spring and autumn.

[0039] Figure 4 An embodiment of the oxygen execution scheduling logic diagram provided in this application;

[0040] Figure 5 A flowchart of oxygen allocation decision-making in MPC optimization is provided for an embodiment of this application;

[0041] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the power supply system for the fuel cell coupled with the flow battery, controlled by the central control system.

[0042] The annotations in the figure are explained as follows:

[0043] 100. Basic power supply unit;

[0044] 200. Energy storage and peak-shaving unit;

[0045] 300. Renewable energy power generation unit; 310. Wind power generation unit; 320. Solar power generation unit;

[0046] 400. Electrolysis hydrogen production unit;

[0047] 500, Hydrogen storage unit; 510, Oxygen storage unit;

[0048] 600. Primary waste heat recovery and utilization unit; 610. Secondary waste heat recovery and utilization unit;

[0049] 700. Thermal storage unit;

[0050] 800. Hydrogen combustion heating unit;

[0051] 900, Backup power generation unit; 910, Backup gas supply unit. Detailed Implementation

[0052] The technical solutions of the embodiments of this application will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of this application, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of this application, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of this application.

[0053] It should be noted that when a component is said to be "connected" to another component, it can be directly connected to the other component or it can be connected to a component in between. When a component is said to be "set on" another component, it can be directly set on the other component or it may be set to a component in between.

[0054] Unless otherwise defined, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this application belongs. The terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to limit the scope of the application. The term "and / or" as used herein includes any and all combinations of one or more of the associated listed items.

[0055] In this application, the terms "first," "second," etc., are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly specifying the number or order of the indicated technical features. Therefore, a feature defined as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of that feature. In the description of this invention, "a plurality of" means at least two, such as two, three, etc., unless otherwise explicitly specified.

[0056] In this application, the terms “comprising” and “having”, and any variations thereof, are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, for example, a system, product, or device that includes a series of units is not necessarily limited to those units that are explicitly listed, but may include other units that are not explicitly listed or that are inherent to such products or devices.

[0057] See Figures 1-3 One embodiment of this application provides a power supply system for a fuel cell coupled with a flow battery, including a basic power supply unit 100, an energy storage and peak shaving unit 200, a renewable energy power generation unit 300, an electrolysis hydrogen production unit 400, a hydrogen storage unit 500, a primary waste heat recovery and utilization unit 600, a secondary waste heat recovery and utilization unit 610, and a thermal storage unit 700.

[0058] The basic power supply unit 100 utilizes fuel cells to generate electricity to meet the basic power load of the target building complex. In this embodiment, the fuel cell is a high-temperature solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC). After reaching its operating temperature (700-1000℃), the SOFC can generate electricity continuously for 24 hours, providing a stable power supply to the target building complex. In this application, the target building complex can be a building park, such as an industrial park or commercial park.

[0059] Because flow batteries have the ability to quickly respond to charging and discharging, the energy storage and peak shaving unit 200 uses flow battery energy storage to meet the fluctuating power load of the target building complex.

[0060] like Figure 1 The diagram shows the total daytime power load of the target building complex, where the building fluctuating power load = total building power load - building base power load. SOFC is used to provide the building base power load, and flow batteries are used to provide the building fluctuating power load.

[0061] The renewable energy generation unit 300 utilizes renewable energy to generate electricity for water electrolysis or storage in a flow battery. In this embodiment, the renewable energy generation unit 300 includes a wind power generation unit 310 and a solar power generation unit 320. The wind power generation unit 310 can utilize wind turbine generators, and the solar power generation unit 320 can utilize photovoltaic power generation. However, considering the randomness and intermittency of the renewable energy generation unit 300's power generation, to ensure sufficient storage capacity in the flow battery, a portion of the stored electricity comes from the renewable energy generation unit 300, with the remainder coming from commercial electricity (primarily off-peak commercial electricity at night). Based on the stable power supply from the SOFC, the flow battery stores off-peak commercial electricity at night, releasing it during peak daytime hours to reduce the proportion of high-priced grid electricity purchased from the target building complex.

[0062] The electrolysis hydrogen production unit 400 uses the electricity generated by the renewable energy power generation unit 300 to electrolyze water to produce hydrogen (and simultaneously produce oxygen). Of course, when the electricity generated by the renewable energy power generation unit is insufficient, commercial off-peak electricity can also be used for electrolysis hydrogen production.

[0063] The hydrogen storage unit 500 is used to store hydrogen and release it as needed to power the fuel cell. In this embodiment, the hydrogen storage unit 500 is a magnesium-based solid-state hydrogen storage device, which achieves hydrogen storage and release through a reversible reaction between hydrogen and metallic magnesium. The reaction formula is shown below:

[0064] Mg + H₂ → MgH₂ (hydrogen storage mode)

[0065] MgH2→Mg+H2 (hydrogen release mode)

[0066] SOFC operates at a temperature of 700℃-1000℃ during power generation, and generates high-temperature waste heat during power generation. In order to make full use of this high-temperature waste heat, the primary waste heat recovery and utilization unit 600 of this application receives the primary waste heat generated by the fuel cell power generation and uses it for indoor heating or cooling of the target building complex.

[0067] To ensure full utilization of waste heat, the secondary waste heat recovery and utilization unit 610 directly receives primary waste heat generated by fuel cell power generation or secondary waste heat from the primary waste heat recovery and utilization unit 600, which is used to preheat water electrolysis and / or hydrogen storage unit 500.

[0068] In one embodiment, the temperature of the primary waste heat is 600°C, and the temperature of the secondary waste heat is 300°C.

[0069] When storing hydrogen in a hydrogen storage unit 500, the process typically requires a temperature range of 300℃-400℃. This high-temperature environment required for the hydrogen storage reaction can be met by utilizing the secondary waste heat (around 300℃) generated by SOFC power generation. Simultaneously, the hydrogen storage reaction generally requires a relatively high hydrogen pressure of 2MPa to 4MPa. Under these specific temperature and pressure conditions, magnesium and hydrogen will combine to form magnesium hydride.

[0070] When hydrogen is released, the reaction usually needs to be carried out in a high-temperature environment above 300°C. Therefore, the hydrogen release reaction also provides a direction for the utilization of the waste heat generated by SOFC power generation, that is, magnesium hydride decomposes when heated (300°C) and releases hydrogen again.

[0071] The thermal storage unit 700 is used to store primary waste heat generated by fuel cell power generation or secondary waste heat from the primary waste heat recovery and utilization unit 600.

[0072] In one embodiment, an oxygen storage unit 510 is included, which stores oxygen and releases oxygen to supply fuel cells and / or flow batteries to participate in oxidation reactions.

[0073] In one embodiment, the flow battery utilizes the waste heat stored in the heat storage unit 700 for preheating.

[0074] In one embodiment, the heat storage unit 700 may utilize a phase change heat storage material (paraffin, melting point 50°C) for heat storage.

[0075] In one embodiment, to avoid insufficient indoor heating, the energy supply system further includes a hydrogen combustion heating unit 800 for indoor heating of the target building complex. In this embodiment, hydrogen released from the hydrogen storage unit 500 enters the hydrogen combustion heating unit 800 to generate corresponding hot water / steam, which further heats the indoor space (and can also be used for other purposes, such as steam sterilization). In this embodiment, the hydrogen combustion heating unit 800 can be a hydrogen boiler.

[0076] To ensure sufficient fuel for the SOFC and / or hydrogen combustion heating unit 800, the power supply system also includes a backup gas supply unit 910, which can provide natural gas in the event of insufficient hydrogen, so that the SOFC and / or hydrogen combustion heating unit 800 can operate normally.

[0077] In one embodiment, to cope with emergencies, the power supply system includes a backup power generation unit 900, which generates electricity to meet the basic power load of the target building complex when the basic power supply unit 100 is shut down (stops operation or malfunctions). In the illustration, the backup power generation unit 900 specifically refers to a gas turbine.

[0078] See Figures 2-3 An embodiment of this application also provides an operation control method for a fuel cell coupled with a flow battery, comprising: fuel cell power generation to meet the basic power load of the target building complex, and flow battery to supplement the power load gap during peak periods;

[0079] The waste heat generated by fuel cell power generation can be used for one or more of the following purposes, depending on the season: indoor cooling, indoor heating, preheating water electrolysis, preheating hydrogen storage unit 500, and storing in heat storage unit 700.

[0080] The electricity generated by the renewable energy power generation unit 300 is first stored in the energy storage and peak shaving unit 200, and the excess electricity is used to produce hydrogen by electrolyzing water.

[0081] The waste heat utilization of fuel cells in different seasons is as follows:

[0082] Example 1: Summer

[0083] See Figure 2 In hot weather, indoor cooling is needed. The primary waste heat generated by fuel cell power generation first meets the indoor cooling needs of the target building complex, and the secondary waste heat is stored in the heat storage unit 700.

[0084] Specifically, the high-temperature waste heat (600°C) of the SOFC enters the lithium bromide absorption chiller unit through the primary waste heat recovery unit 600 to produce chilled water, which is then used for cooling the target building complex. After indoor cooling, the secondary waste heat recovery unit 610 receives the secondary waste heat (300°C) from the primary waste heat recovery unit 600 and stores it in the heat storage unit 700. When the temperature of the electrolyte solution in the flow battery drops, affecting its storage and discharge performance, the waste heat stored in the heat storage unit 700 is released to increase the temperature of the electrolyte solution in the flow battery, thereby improving the storage and discharge efficiency. In this embodiment, the storage and discharge efficiency can be improved by 15%.

[0085] Example 2: Winter

[0086] See Figure 2 When the outside temperature is low, the primary waste heat (600℃) generated by fuel cell power generation first meets the indoor heating needs of the target building complex (supplying hot water and high-temperature steam). For example, medical buildings require a large amount of steam and hot water for disinfection and cleaning. The secondary waste heat is used to preheat the electrolyzed water and / or hydrogen storage unit 500.

[0087] Specifically, the high-temperature waste heat (600℃) from the SOFC is first used for winter heating of the target building complex through the primary waste heat recovery unit 600. The secondary waste heat recovery unit 610 receives the secondary waste heat (300℃) from the primary waste heat recovery unit 600 to preheat the electrolyzed water in the electrolysis hydrogen production unit 400 and / or the hydrogen storage unit 500. The preheated electrolyzed water is then electrolyzed into hydrogen and oxygen. The oxygen is transported and stored in the oxygen storage unit 510, while the hydrogen enters the hydrogen storage unit 500. In this embodiment, during winter, the secondary waste heat is used simultaneously for preheating the electrolyzed water and hydrogen storage units 500. This improves the efficiency of hydrogen production from the electrolyzed water and provides the heat required for storing / releasing hydrogen in the hydrogen storage unit 500, increasing its efficiency. Of course, if heating is insufficient, a hydrogen boiler can be used to burn hydrogen to further heat the indoor space.

[0088] Example 3: Spring and Autumn

[0089] See Figure 3 Since the target building complex does not have a large demand for heating and cooling loads, the primary waste heat generated by fuel cell power generation is directly used to preheat water electrolysis and / or hydrogen storage unit 500, and the remaining part is stored in heat storage unit 700.

[0090] Specifically, the waste heat generated during SOFC operation is mainly used to preheat the electrolyte of the electrolyzed water and the electrolyte of the flow battery to improve efficiency. Another part of the waste heat is stored in the heat storage unit 700. That is, when the temperature of the electrolyte solution of the flow battery drops, the heat storage unit 700 releases waste heat to raise the temperature. Of course, these two parts of waste heat can be interconnected and allocated.

[0091] Generally, the power generation efficiency of commercial SOFCs is between 50% and 65%, while the highest theoretical power generation efficiency of SOFCs can reach 70% to 85%. In order to improve the waste heat utilization rate of SOFCs, this application adapts the use of waste heat according to different seasons and effectively utilizes waste heat in stages, so that its comprehensive energy efficiency can reach more than 90%.

[0092] In one embodiment, the power generation of wind power generation unit 310 and solar power generation unit 320 varies across different seasons due to atmospheric circulation and topography. Most regions have abundant wind resources in spring and winter, while wind speeds decrease in summer and autumn, resulting in significant differences in power generation. Solar radiation intensity varies with latitude and season; in northern regions, the average daily effective sunshine duration in winter is 30%-50% less than in summer, and snow cover further reduces power generation efficiency.

[0093] The energy supply system of this application converts solar energy into electricity through photovoltaic power generation during the summer when solar energy resources are abundant. This electricity is then used for hydrogen storage via electrolysis. Simultaneously, it can utilize off-peak commercial electricity prices during nighttime to supplement the hydrogen production through electrolysis, leveraging the peak-valley electricity price difference to store hydrogen during off-peak hours and use it during peak hours, thereby increasing the overall economic efficiency of the energy system. Of course, the oxygen produced by hydrogen electrolysis can be stored in oxygen storage unit 510 (e.g., an oxygen tank) for commercial use, thus ensuring the overall economical operation of the energy supply system. Furthermore, this application also utilizes some of the oxygen in flow batteries and fuel cells to enhance the energy efficiency of the energy supply system.

[0094] The flow batteries described in this application, such as all-vanadium redox flow batteries, rely on changes in the ion valence state within the electrolyte. Both the positive and negative electrode charging and discharging reactions consume the active materials in the electrolyte. Introducing oxygen into the positive electrode electrolyte of a flow battery, acting as an external oxidant, reduces the consumption of high-valence ions in the electrolyte, thereby increasing the energy storage capacity per unit volume of electrolyte by 20-30%, reducing the reduction burden of high-valence ions, and slowing down the degradation of active materials. Oxygen, as an oxidant, enters the positive electrode of the flow battery and reacts with the positive electrode electrolyte. The following oxidation reaction occurs: This measure reduces the charging power required for positive electrode electrolyte oxidation, directly utilizing readily available oxygen, and lowers the energy consumption of flow battery charging by 18%, further improving the overall energy efficiency of the power supply system. Furthermore, some of the produced high-purity oxygen is used as an oxide in the hydrogen power generation reaction in the SOFC fuel cell, further enhancing the power generation efficiency of the SOFC fuel cell.

[0095] To optimize oxygen supply, see Figure 4 This is the execution scheduling logic diagram for oxygen. Specifically, the dynamic allocation of oxygen is shown below:

[0096] One embodiment: When the renewable energy power generation unit 300 generates sufficient electricity, it maximizes the electrolysis of water to produce oxygen (hydrogen production also produces oxygen) by utilizing surplus wind and solar power. The oxygen is preferentially injected into the flow battery to reduce the power consumption of the flow battery charging. Because there is a surplus of wind and solar power, most of it is also used to charge the flow battery.

[0097] One example: When the building load suddenly increases during the evening peak, the flow battery discharges and the remaining oxygen is used to supply the SOFC fuel cell.

[0098] One example: When wind and solar power generation suddenly drops, the flow battery switches to discharge mode, and oxygen is preferentially supplied to the SOFC fuel cell to generate electricity to meet the building's power load requirements.

[0099] In summary, after the renewable energy generation unit 300 generates electricity, it enters the flow battery for storage. The flow battery then supplies the fluctuating power load of the target building complex through discharge. When the renewable energy generation unit 300 generates sufficient power (due to strong solar radiation in summer), the electricity generated by the solar power generation unit 320, after being stored in the flow battery, is largely used for the hydrogen electrolysis unit (producing hydrogen and storing the generated oxygen in an oxygen tank). Because the flow battery is in a high-capacity charging mode when the renewable energy generation unit generates sufficient power, and this charging mode requires a large amount of oxygen, the oxygen stored in the oxygen tank is preferentially supplied to the positive electrode of the flow battery to improve its charging efficiency.

[0100] When the renewable energy generation unit 300 generates insufficient power (e.g., due to weaker solar radiation in winter), a portion of the generated electricity is stored in the flow battery. For most of the day, the flow battery operates in discharge mode, supplying power to the target building complex. In discharge mode, the flow battery has low oxygen requirements; therefore, oxygen previously stored in the oxygen tank is prioritized for supplying the fuel cell. Because when the renewable energy generation unit 300 generates insufficient power, the fuel cell must increase its load rate to generate more electricity for the target building complex, meaning fuel cell power generation requires a higher amount of pure oxygen. Therefore, when wind and solar power generation is insufficient and the fuel cell needs to generate more electricity, oxygen is prioritized for supplying the SOFC fuel cell.

[0101] In one embodiment, a predictive control (MPC) model for optimized oxygen delivery allocation is also provided, as follows:

[0102] MPC Optimization Model Core Architecture

[0103] 1. State-space equations

[0104] State variables:

[0105] : Oxygen storage tank pressure (MPa);

[0106] Oxygen concentration in the positive electrode cavity of the flow battery (mol / m³).

[0107] : Oxygen utilization rate of fuel cell cathode (%)

[0108] Control variables:

[0109] Oxygen production system power (MW);

[0110] : Compressor speed (rpm);

[0111] Oxygen distribution valve opening. ,like This indicates an 80% oxygen supply for the liquid flow battery and a 20% oxygen supply for the fuel cell; if This indicates that the fuel cell supplies 80% oxygen and the flow battery supplies 20% oxygen; if This indicates that the fuel cell supplies all the oxygen.

[0112] 2. Objective Function

[0113]

[0114] in, Oxygen utilization rate, which is the percentage of oxygen actually participating in the reaction out of the total supply, is considered ideal if its value approaches 95%. When it reaches 95%, the fuel cell Approaching the theoretical maximum efficiency of 98%, the oxygen relative concentration saturation of the flow battery... Approximately 88% is the safe threshold for ensuring reaction efficiency. (Comprehensive oxygen utilization index, For the oxygen utilization rate of fuel cells, This represents the relative oxygen saturation concentration in the flow cell. It is the absolute concentration (mol / m³) 3 ), must be passed Standardization is based on relative saturation. Oxygen is primarily supplied by fuel cells; therefore, a coefficient is set in this application. With a coefficient of 0.7, based on the maximum efficiency of 98% and the optimal relative oxygen concentration saturation of 88% for the aforementioned fuel cell and flow battery, Oxygen utilization rate is optimal when it approaches 95%.

[0115] For oxygen production energy costs, the lower the value, the better. The electricity price at that time;

[0116] To quantify the life loss cost of an oxygen compressor (yuan / hour), this is a simplified calculation formula based on actual engineering (measured consistency >90%), and the lower the life loss cost, the better. The compressor speed is the total lifespan wear of the compressor, which is the aerodynamic loss. ), fatigue loss ( ) and friction loss ( The sum of ), of which This is the corresponding coefficient. When in a high-speed zone... According to engineering measurements, aerodynamic losses account for 65% of the total loss, and fatigue damage can be approximated as... Frictional losses are completely negligible, and the relative rotational speed is redefined. The overall lifespan wear cost of the compressor is approximately ,Right now .

[0117] Therefore, the optimal solution is to minimize the objective function formed by the sum of all the objective values.

[0118] Target item for oxygen utilization The design is strongly correlated with the following factors:

[0119] (1) Oxygen concentration on the flow cell side Improving the reaction rate can accelerate the reaction, thereby reducing the charging voltage of the flow battery and decreasing power consumption. Fuel cell side oxygen utilization rate. Improving oxygen utilization can increase power generation efficiency. The ideal target value for oxygen utilization is 95% to achieve engineering balance; therefore, in the optimization of the objective function... The closer the value is to 0, the better.

[0120] Weighting coefficients: (Prioritizing oxygen utilization rate), among which For each optimization objective of function M , , The corresponding weighting coefficients, the sum of the weighting coefficients is 1 (i.e., α=0.5, β=0.3, γ=0.2), when Approaching 95% requires increasing compressor power consumption. (increase), and the objective function term From an economic perspective, this application addresses the conflict by assigning weights to different factors. The oxygen supply weight ratio is set at 50% (half the weight), prioritizing oxygen utilization.

[0121] 3. Constraint Priority Mechanism (Safety First)

[0122] Oxygen distribution is controlled by variables (Valve opening) and state variables The pressure of the oxygen storage tank is jointly determined.

[0123] (1) Flow battery oxygen concentration protection: ensure To maintain the reaction rate, if For equipment that is deemed dangerous to operate, a forced correction will be implemented. The improvement trend is towards 0.8 (80% oxygen supply flow cell).

[0124] (2) Minimum utilization rate of fuel cells: Ensure oxygen utilization rate To prevent concentration polarization, if This will damage the catalyst inside the fuel cell, thus requiring forced correction. The reduction trend is towards 0.2 (for 80% oxygen-supplying fuel cells).

[0125] (3) Pressure safety: If Then force correction Trending towards 1.0 (turning off fuel cell oxygen supply);

[0126] (4) To ensure the pressure limit of the oxygen storage tank and maintain equipment safety, it is necessary to ensure ;

[0127] (5) To avoid insufficient oxygen flow in a single channel, the opening of the oxygen distribution valve must be ensured. .

[0128] To achieve the optimization of the objective function, the Model Predictive Control (MPC) model for optimal oxygen delivery allocation will rely on... Figure 5 The allocation decision logic is executed and calculated (this method is the optimal solution), outputting the final required oxygen distribution valve opening. Then follow the output. The value is used to allocate oxygen.

[0129] Specifically, The oxygen flow rate allocated to the flow battery and fuel cell is related to the adjustment. It will have an impact , , The numerical values ​​affect the value of the objective function M. The calculated value of the objective function M is output in real time and immediately fed back to the model MPC for further adjustment. The model MPC iterates again to calculate the value of the objective function M, repeating this process multiple times until the optimal value of M (when M is at its minimum) appears. The value is the optimal solution.

[0130] This allocation method simultaneously achieves three optimal goals: optimal oxygen utilization (both flow batteries and fuel cells achieve optimal oxygen utilization, resulting in the best energy efficiency increase), lowest oxygen production cost (partially using commercial off-peak electricity), and minimized losses during the oxygen production process. In other words, it achieves the lowest possible oxygen supply cost while maximizing the overall energy efficiency of the coupled flow battery and fuel cell power supply system.

[0131] During winter, the heating demand of the target building complex increases significantly. At this time, hydrogen stored in hydrogen storage unit 500 during the summer is released to supplement heating for hydrogen boilers and to power generation and waste heat supply for SOFC fuel cells. This application utilizes the interseasonal hydrogen storage method of hydrogen storage unit 500 to convert a large amount of excess solar energy in summer into electricity and store it across seasons for use in winter, thereby addressing the problem of unbalanced solar power supply on seasonal timescales.

[0132] In addition, wind energy resources are relatively abundant in winter. The energy supply system stores a large amount of surplus electricity generated by wind power generation units in flow batteries for daytime power peak shaving in the building park. The specific daily operation and scheduling strategies of the energy system in each season can be found in the table below.

[0133] Typical daytime energy system operation tables under different seasonal systems

[0134]

[0135] During the midday hours of summer (12:00-15:00), solar radiation is strong, leading to excessive solar power generation. At this time, a large amount of electricity generated by solar power units is used for water electrolysis to produce hydrogen, which is then stored in a 500-unit hydrogen storage unit. Specifically, hydrogen molecules dissociate into hydrogen atoms on the surface of a magnesium-based material, diffusing into the magnesium lattice to form solid granular magnesium hydride. The hydrogen storage density can reach 6.5 wt% (i.e., 6.5 grams of hydrogen per 100 grams of material), significantly superior to gaseous and liquid hydrogen storage. The storage form is solid discs or granules, encapsulated in dedicated storage tanks for long-term, cross-seasonal storage to supply hydrogen for winter. This method allows for long-term stable hydrogen storage at normal temperature and pressure, with no risk of leakage.

[0136] During winter, the SOFC operates at base load power, simultaneously releasing hydrogen for heating in the boiler. Specifically, the SOFC operates continuously for 24 hours at its rated load rate, generating electricity and simultaneously producing waste heat of approximately 600°C. This means that the stable electricity generated by the SOFC fuel cell during 24-hour continuous operation just meets the baseline critical power load of the building complex. Furthermore, the high-temperature waste heat generated by SOFC power generation (primary waste heat 600°C) first enters a heating heat exchanger to produce steam or hot water for building heating. After cooling through heat exchange (secondary waste heat 300°C), it is then used to preheat water for electrolysis to improve hydrogen production efficiency. When the steam or hot water produced by the waste heat from SOFC power generation is insufficient to meet the building heating load, the hydrogen boiler is simultaneously started, using the released hydrogen as fuel to burn and heat steam and high-temperature hot water to supplement the insufficient building heating load demand. The SOFC fuel cell and hydrogen boiler are fed with hydrogen released from the hydrogen storage unit 500. Hydrogen release requires specific temperature and pressure conditions. By adding catalysts (Ni, Fe, carbon-based materials, etc.), the hydrogen release temperature can be lowered to 200-250℃. The high-temperature heat required for this reaction can be provided by the secondary waste heat (around 300℃) from the SOFC power generation. Furthermore, the system pressure needs to be controlled at 0.1-0.5 bar during hydrogen release to accelerate the process. When the hydrogen storage level is less than 30%, the backup gas supply unit 910 is activated, using a natural gas blending mode to ensure continuous power supply.

[0137] Of course, for safety reasons, a hydrogen storage measurement instrument is installed in the hydrogen storage unit 500. A safe percentage of hydrogen storage is set. When the hydrogen storage is less than 30% (safe percentage), the hydrogen storage measurement instrument will flash an alarm and start the backup gas supply unit to enter the blending mode, so as to ensure the continuous supply of raw materials for SOFC power generation, maintain the stable and continuous power supply of SOFC, and ensure the power supply safety of the building park.

[0138] In one embodiment, the flow battery is charged when its actual charge is less than 30% of its rated charge, and charging is stopped when its actual charge is greater than 80% of its rated charge. In practical applications, to balance lifespan and efficiency, the State of Charge (SOC) range of a flow battery is typically controlled between 20% and 95%. However, when SOC > 80%, side reactions are easily triggered, thus requiring a limitation on charging time; when SOC < 30%, a voltage drop may occur due to concentration polarization, thus deep discharge must be avoided. Taking all the above factors into consideration, this application sets the upper limit of the SOC of the flow battery to 80% and the lower limit to 30%.

[0139] See Figure 6This application employs a central control system to monitor and control the parameters of each unit in the energy supply system. Each unit of the energy supply system and the input / output terminals of the central control system are equipped with corresponding monitoring and control equipment. As shown in the diagram, E represents monitoring equipment, and C represents control equipment. The wind power generation unit 310 is equipped with E1 and C1, where E1 is the monitoring equipment for the wind turbine generator, and C1 is the control equipment for the wind turbine generator; the solar power generation unit 320 is equipped with E2 and C2, where E2 is the monitoring equipment for photovoltaic power generation, and C2 is the control equipment for photovoltaic power generation; the energy storage and peak-shaving unit 200 is equipped with E3 and C3, where E3 is the monitoring equipment for the flow battery, and C3 is the control equipment for the flow battery; the hydrogen storage unit 500 is equipped with E4 and C4, where… E4 is the monitoring device for the magnesium-based solid hydrogen storage device, and C4 is the control device for the magnesium-based solid hydrogen storage device; the hydrogen combustion heating unit 800 is equipped with E5 and C5, where E5 is the monitoring device for the hydrogen boiler and C5 is the control device for the hydrogen boiler; the basic power supply unit 100 is equipped with E6 and C6, where E6 is the monitoring device for the SOFC fuel cell and C6 is the control device for the SOFC fuel cell; the backup power generation unit 900 is equipped with E7 and C7, where E7 is the monitoring device for the gas turbine and C7 is the control device for the gas turbine.

[0140] Example 4: During consecutive cloudy days (photovoltaic power generation <10%)

[0141] The flow battery switches to "supply guarantee mode," increasing the lower limit load rate of the SOFC to 40% to prioritize critical loads. The hydrogen storage unit 500 releases hydrogen ahead of schedule, increasing the SOFC power to 100%, and the hydrogen boiler's heating power increases simultaneously. This means that when renewable energy generation is sufficient, the electricity supplied to the flow battery is also ample, enough to guarantee the regulating power required for fluctuating power loads. In this case, the SOFC only needs to operate stably at a low load rate (which can be called the lower limit load rate) to maintain the most basic safe baseline load for the target building complex. During periods of continuous rainy weather, although the total power load of the target building complex remains unchanged, the flow battery's charging from renewable energy sources decreases significantly, resulting in a sharp drop in the amount of electricity it can supply to regulate fluctuating power loads. In this situation, the gap in fluctuating power load needs to be made up by the power generation of SOFC. Therefore, SOFC can no longer only stably provide the baseline power load, but also must increase the operating load rate, that is, increase the operating lower limit (the minimum load rate during operation), and make up for the insufficient power generation of solar power due to continuous cloudy days and the insufficient power supply of flow batteries to the target building group for fluctuating power load by increasing power generation.

[0142] Specifically, photovoltaic power generation is monitored in real time through photovoltaic power generation monitoring equipment E2, battery SOC parameters are monitored in real time through flow battery monitoring equipment E3, and SOFC load rate, power generation, and other data are monitored in real time through SOFC monitoring equipment E6.

[0143] When consecutive cloudy days cause the photovoltaic power generation monitoring equipment E2 to detect a real-time photovoltaic output of less than 10% (10% of the maximum power generation capacity of the photovoltaic panels), and the weather forecast confirms no restoration of sunlight in the next 24 hours, in order to ensure the basic power load of the target building complex, the minimum power generation load of the SOFC must be increased. The lower limit load rate of the SOFC needs to be raised to 40% to absolutely meet the basic power load of the target building complex. At this time, the central control system issues instructions to the energy storage peak shaving unit 200, the hydrogen storage unit 500, and the basic power supply unit 100, respectively, and activates the "supply guarantee mode" through their corresponding control devices C3, C4, and C6. Upon receiving the instruction, the control device C3 of the energy storage peak shaving unit 200 raises the lower limit of the flow battery's SOC from 30% to 40%, and outputs the flow battery power to critical load circuits (such as data centers and hospitals). The control device C4 of the hydrogen storage unit 500 initiates emergency hydrogen release to ensure sufficient SOFC fuel. The control device C6 of the basic power supply unit 100 receives instructions from the central control system and gradually increases the power generation from 60% to 100%, with a response time of ≤3 minutes. The control device C5 of the hydrogen combustion heating unit 800, based on the SOFC exhaust temperature (>600℃) monitored by E6 from the central control system and the heating demand of the target building complex, gradually increases the power from 50% to 80% to meet the heating needs of the building complex.

[0144] Example 5: Storms cause over-generation of wind power

[0145] Excess electricity generated during wind power generation is used for hydrogen electrolysis, and the power of the 500 hydrogen storage unit is dynamically adjusted (50%-100%). When the SOC of the flow battery exceeds the limit, the wind curtailment protection is activated to limit the output of the wind turbine.

[0146] Specifically, the central control system collects parameters such as wind turbine output power, wind speed, and rotational speed through the monitoring device E1 of the wind power generation unit 310, and obtains the flow battery SOC (State of Charge) data in real time through the monitoring device E3 of the energy storage and peak shaving unit 200, setting upper and lower thresholds (SOC-max=80%, SOC-min=30%). When the monitoring device E3 of the energy storage and peak shaving unit 200 detects that the real-time SOC ≥ SOC-max (overcharge), it sends an alarm signal to the control system of the wind power generation unit, triggering the wind curtailment protection logic. The monitoring device E3 of the wind power generation unit transmits the monitored real-time battery SOC data to the central control system. The central control system, combined with the real-time data such as wind turbine wind speed, rotational speed, and output power transmitted from the monitoring device E1 of the wind power generation unit, sends a command to the control device C1 of the wind power generation unit 310 to adjust the wind turbine rotational speed, thereby reducing the charging power output from the wind power generation unit 310 to the energy storage and peak shaving unit 200 (at this time, the charging power drops to 0), so as to prevent the battery SOC from exceeding the limit during storms. The monitoring device E3 of the energy storage peak-shaving unit 200 continuously monitors the SOC change. If the SOC drops to 80% within 30 minutes, the wind turbine output is gradually restored to 90% of its original limit. If the SOC does not decrease, the wind turbine speed is further limited via C1 until the wind turbine output is reduced to 60% to ensure the SOC decreases. Once the SOC returns to a safe range (e.g., SOC ≤ 80%), the central control system releases the power limiting command, and the wind turbine resumes normal operation.

[0147] Example 6: Equipment failure (e.g., SOFC shutdown)

[0148] The flow battery switches to base load mode (SOC maintained at 60%-80%); the hydrogen boiler temporarily replaces the SOFC waste heat supply, and the standby power generation unit 900 starts. Base load mode here refers to the power supply mode that ensures basic load. When the SOFC shuts down, the standby power generation unit 900 (gas turbine) requires time to start. During this period, when the standby gas turbine has started but has not yet generated electricity, or when the start-up time is long, the minimum baseline safe power consumption of the target building complex will be provided by the flow battery. The flow battery is responsible for ensuring the basic safe power consumption of the target building complex. When the SOFC monitoring equipment detects a sudden drop in SOFC output voltage (<10% of rated load rate for 10 seconds), an interruption in hydrogen supply, or an over-limit SOFC stack temperature (stack temperature >950℃ or <600℃ for 1 minute), the central control system automatically determines that the SOFC is in a fault state, activates the start-up / shutdown alarm signal, and immediately sends a command to the flow battery control device C3 to switch to base load mode. C3 adjusts the flow battery's SOC operating range from free charge / discharge to maintaining it at 60%-80%, prioritizing the supply of basic electrical load (during the period when the standby gas turbine is not generating electricity, the flow battery provides the baseline electrical load). Simultaneously, the central control system issues start-up commands to the hydrogen boiler and standby gas turbine control equipment C5 and C7, with the hydrogen boiler temporarily replacing the SOFC waste heat supply and the standby gas turbine replacing the SOFC for power supply. To protect the safe operation of the hydrogen boiler, when the hydrogen boiler monitoring equipment E5 detects that the hydrogen boiler outlet temperature >150℃, it triggers an emergency shutdown of the hydrogen boiler through the central control system.

[0149] The flow battery in this application's power supply system adopts the following dynamic capacity configuration method during daytime peak shaving:

[0150] Based on the peak-valley difference in electricity prices (e.g., 1.2 yuan / kWh during peak hours and 0.3 yuan / kWh during off-peak hours), the State of Charge (SOC) range is optimized. During charging periods (off-peak hours), the SOC is increased to 80%, and during discharging periods (peak hours), the SOC is reduced to 30%. Its response time is ≤1 second, which can smooth out photovoltaic fluctuations (e.g., a 10% power drop caused by cloud cover).

[0151] In terms of lifespan management, the depth of charge and discharge of flow batteries is limited to within 80%, and the number of cycles can be increased to 15,000; at the same time, an electrolyte balancing cycle is performed once a month to prevent cross-contamination of ions.

[0152] The functional system and operation control method of this application have the following advantages:

[0153] 1. SOFC waste heat is utilized in stages with high utilization rate.

[0154] Winter mode: Primary waste heat (600℃) is used for indoor heating, improving energy efficiency by 30%; secondary waste heat (300℃) is used to preheat electrolyzed water to 60℃, reducing hydrogen production energy consumption by 15%.

[0155] Summer mode: The primary waste heat drives the absorption chiller (COP=1.3) to replace the electric air conditioner; the secondary waste heat is stored in the heat storage unit 700 (using paraffin, melting point 50℃) to preheat the electrolyte of the flow battery. Appropriate preheating of the electrolyte of the flow battery (30℃-50℃) can improve the energy efficiency of the flow battery (5%-12%).

[0156] 2. Wide range of applications (examples provided)

[0157] (1) Industrial Park

[0158] Industrial parks typically require a continuous and stable power supply, as well as industrial steam or hot water (for companies in industries such as chemical, pharmaceutical, and food processing). SOFCs can directly utilize industrial by-product hydrogen or natural gas to generate electricity, while the high-temperature waste heat (400-600℃) generated can be converted into steam for production use.

[0159] (2) Data center computer room

[0160] Data centers require a stable 24-hour power supply, and servers have high cooling demands (cooling load accounts for approximately 40%). Electricity costs account for 30%-50% of the total cost of a data center. The aforementioned energy supply system utilizes the peak-valley electricity price difference, storing hydrogen during off-peak hours and using it during peak hours, which can save 20%-30% on electricity costs.

[0161] (3) Hospital buildings:

[0162] Hospitals require uninterrupted power supply (operating rooms, ICUs, etc.) and a large supply of hot water (for disinfection and heating). SOFC waste heat can be directly used for hot water production or district heating, improving overall energy efficiency to over 85%.

[0163] (4) Large commercial parks:

[0164] Large commercial complexes often have many hotels and guesthouses, which require a large amount of hot water load throughout the year and have large fluctuations in electricity demand (peak daytime). SOFC combined with flow batteries can achieve intraday peak regulation, waste heat cooling in summer, and heating or hot water supply in winter. Moreover, the commercial electricity price has a large peak-valley difference (1.2 yuan / kWh during peak hours). By storing hydrogen during off-peak hours and utilizing waste heat, the overall energy cost can be reduced by about 25%.

[0165] 3. High profitability of the energy supply system

[0166] Through coordinated regulation of "seasonal-intraday" dual time scales and optimization of "heat-electricity-hydrogen" multi-energy flow coupling, the energy supply system can achieve the following benefits: (1) Economic efficiency: Flow batteries can store hydrogen during off-peak hours and use hydrogen during peak hours to save electricity costs. Hydrogen energy storage can reduce electricity purchase costs by 40% by cross-seasonal peak shaving. According to rough estimates, when the commercial electricity off-peak price is <0.5 yuan / kWh and the peak price is >1.2 yuan / kWh, the flow battery peak-valley shaving and off-peak electricity hydrogen supply system can achieve profitability. (2) Reliability: The power supply availability is ≥99.9% under extreme weather conditions, and the waste heat of SOFC can guarantee the building's heat demand. (3) Environmental protection: The carbon emission reduction effect is significant throughout the year, and the proportion of green hydrogen exceeds 70%.

[0167] The technical features of the embodiments described above can be combined arbitrarily. For the sake of brevity, not all possible combinations of the technical features in the above embodiments are described. However, as long as the combination of these technical features does not contradict each other, it should be considered to be within the scope of this specification. When technical features of different embodiments are embodied in the same drawing, it can be regarded as the drawing also disclosing examples of combinations of the various embodiments involved.

[0168] The embodiments described above are merely examples of several implementation methods of this application, and while the descriptions are relatively specific and detailed, they should not be construed as limiting the scope of the patent application. It should be noted that those skilled in the art can make various modifications and improvements without departing from the concept of this application, and these modifications and improvements all fall within the protection scope of this application.

Claims

1. A power supply system for a fuel cell coupled with a flow battery, characterized in that, include: The basic power supply unit uses fuel cells to generate electricity to meet the basic power load of the target building complex. Energy storage and peak shaving unit, which uses flow battery energy storage to meet the fluctuating power load of the target building complex; A renewable energy power generation unit that uses renewable energy to generate electricity for water electrolysis or storage in the flow battery; The hydrogen electrolysis unit uses electricity generated by the renewable energy power generation unit to produce hydrogen through water electrolysis. A hydrogen storage unit is used to store hydrogen and release hydrogen as needed to power the fuel cell for electricity generation. A primary waste heat recovery and utilization unit receives primary waste heat generated by the fuel cell power generation and uses it for indoor heating or cooling of the target building complex. The secondary waste heat recovery and utilization unit directly receives the primary waste heat generated by the fuel cell power generation or the secondary waste heat from the primary waste heat recovery and utilization unit, and uses it to preheat the water electrolysis and / or hydrogen storage unit. A thermal storage unit is used to store primary waste heat generated by fuel cell power generation or secondary waste heat from the primary waste heat recovery and utilization unit. Fuel cell power generation meets the basic power load of the target building complex, while flow batteries supplement the power load gap during peak periods; The waste heat generated by fuel cell power generation can be used for one or more of the following purposes, depending on the season: indoor cooling, indoor heating, preheating water electrolysis, preheating hydrogen storage unit, and storing in heat storage unit. The electricity generated by the renewable energy power generation unit is first stored in the energy storage and peak shaving unit, and the excess electricity is used to produce hydrogen by electrolyzing water. An oxygen storage unit, which stores oxygen and releases oxygen to supply the fuel cell and / or flow battery for oxidation reactions, determines the opening degree of the oxygen distribution valve based on the following prediction function. , When M is at its minimum value, the corresponding This is the optimal solution for oxygen distribution; Prediction function for optimal oxygen delivery allocation: in, , For oxygen utilization rate, Oxygen concentration (mol / m³) in the positive electrode cavity of the flow battery 3 ), Oxygen utilization rate at the cathode of the fuel cell (%) This represents the relative saturation concentration of oxygen in the flow cell. For the energy consumption cost of oxygen production, For the oxygen generation system power, The electricity price at that time; To quantify the lifespan loss cost of oxygen compressors, This refers to the compressor speed. Relative rotational speed; α, β, and γ are weight coefficients, α=0.5, β=0.3, and γ=0.

2.

2. The energy supply system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The flow battery uses the waste heat stored in the heat storage unit for preheating.

3. The energy supply system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The renewable energy power generation unit includes a wind power generation unit and a solar power generation unit.

4. The energy supply system according to claim 1, characterized in that, It includes a hydrogen combustion heating unit for indoor heating of the target building complex.

5. The energy supply system according to claim 1, characterized in that, It includes a backup power generation unit, which generates electricity to meet the basic power load of the target building complex when the basic power supply unit is shut down.

6. The energy supply system according to claim 1, characterized in that, It includes an oxygen storage unit for storing oxygen and releasing oxygen to supply the fuel cell and / or flow battery to participate in the oxidation reaction.

7. The energy supply system according to claim 1, characterized in that, In summer, the primary waste heat generated by fuel cell power generation first satisfies the indoor cooling needs of the target building complex, and the secondary waste heat is stored in the heat storage unit. In winter, the primary waste heat generated by fuel cell power generation first meets the indoor heating needs of the target building complex, while the secondary waste heat is used to preheat water electrolysis and / or hydrogen storage units. In spring and autumn, the primary waste heat generated by fuel cell power generation is directly used to preheat water electrolysis and / or hydrogen storage units, with the remainder stored in the heat storage unit.

8. The energy supply system according to claim 1, characterized in that, Charge the flow battery when its actual charge is less than 30% of its rated charge, and stop charging when its actual charge is greater than 80% of its rated charge.

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