Capacitive battery active balancing circuit, method, device and computer equipment

Abstract

The application relates to a capacitor type battery active equalization circuit, method, device and computer equipment, which comprises a battery pack, an equalization chip set, an energy storage capacitor set and a master control unit, the equalization chip set comprises n equalization chips, adjacent equalization chips are connected with each other through control signal interaction pins; the master control unit is connected with the first equalization chip or the last equalization chip in the equalization chip set; the battery pack comprises n+1 batteries connected in series, the i-th equalization chip is connected with the i-th battery and the i+1-th battery respectively; the energy storage capacitor set comprises n capacitors, each capacitor is connected with the capacitor connection pin of the corresponding equalization chip; and the switching control module of the equalization chip is used for controlling the capacitor connection pin to selectively communicate with a high-voltage battery or a low-voltage battery according to the adjacent battery voltage difference detected by the battery connection pin and the global control instruction sent by the master control unit, so that the electric quantity is transferred, and the equalization efficiency is effectively improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of new energy technology, and in particular to an active balancing circuit, method, apparatus, and computer equipment for capacitor batteries. Background Technology

[0002] In the development of new energy technologies, the voltage balance performance of battery packs has a decisive impact on overall energy efficiency and safety reliability. Due to process deviations and material inconsistencies in the manufacturing process of individual cells, as well as uneven temperature distribution and charge / discharge rate fluctuations encountered during cycle use, series-connected battery packs are prone to inconsistent cell voltages. This inconsistency leads to a decrease in the actual usable capacity of the battery pack, a shortened cycle life, and in severe cases, can even cause localized overcharging or over-discharging, creating safety hazards.

[0003] Current mainstream battery balancing technologies can be divided into two categories: passive balancing and active balancing. Passive balancing technology achieves voltage leveling by connecting a discharge resistor in parallel across a high-voltage individual cell, thus consuming energy. However, it suffers from drawbacks such as low energy utilization, slow balancing speed, and high heat generation, making it difficult to meet the application requirements of large-capacity battery packs. Active balancing technology, on the other hand, utilizes energy storage components such as capacitors, inductors, or transformers to achieve energy transfer between batteries. Compared to passive balancing, it significantly improves energy utilization and balancing efficiency, becoming the mainstream direction for current research and application. However, existing active balancing technologies have complex topologies, resulting in cumbersome structures and high costs. Furthermore, they typically rely on the voltage difference between adjacent cells for local energy transfer, making it difficult to achieve both local balancing and global consistency in multi-series battery packs, leading to low overall balancing efficiency.

[0004] To address the aforementioned issues, there is an urgent need to develop a novel capacitive active balancing technology based on series-connected battery packs. Summary of the Invention

[0005] Based on this, it is necessary to address the problem of low balancing efficiency in existing active balancing technologies by proposing a capacitor-type active balancing circuit, method, device, and computer equipment.

[0006] A first aspect of the present invention provides a capacitor-type battery active balancing circuit, comprising a battery pack, an balancing chip pack, an energy storage capacitor pack, and a main control unit.

[0007] The equalization chip group includes n equalization chips, each of which includes a battery connection pin, a capacitor connection pin, a switching control module, and a control signal interaction pin; adjacent equalization chips are interconnected through the control signal interaction pin; the main control unit is connected to the control signal interaction pin of the first or last equalization chip in the equalization chip group.

[0008] The battery pack includes n+1 batteries connected in series; the battery connection pins of the i-th equalization chip are connected to the i-th battery and the (i+1)-th battery respectively; where i is a natural number and 1≤i≤n;

[0009] The energy storage capacitor bank includes n capacitors, each of which is connected to the capacitor connection pin of the corresponding equalization chip.

[0010] The switching control module of the equalization chip is used to control the capacitor connection pin to selectively connect to the high-voltage battery or the low-voltage battery according to the voltage difference between adjacent batteries detected by the battery connection pin and the global control command sent by the main control unit, so as to transfer power.

[0011] A second aspect of the present invention provides an active balancing method for a capacitor-type battery, applied to the aforementioned active balancing circuit for a capacitor-type battery, the active balancing method comprising:

[0012] The voltage value of each cell in the battery pack is continuously monitored through the battery connection pins of each equalization chip, and the voltage value is sent to the main control unit.

[0013] The main control unit calculates the current maximum voltage difference in the battery pack at the same time. The current maximum voltage difference is the voltage difference between the battery with the highest voltage and the battery with the lowest voltage in the battery pack.

[0014] Determine whether the current maximum differential pressure is greater than a preset maximum differential pressure threshold;

[0015] If the current maximum voltage difference is not greater than the preset maximum voltage difference threshold, then each of the i-th equalization chips determines whether the adjacent voltage difference between the i-th battery and the (i+1)-th battery connected to it is greater than the first adjacent voltage difference threshold, 1≤i≤n;

[0016] If the adjacent voltage difference of the i-th equalizer chip is greater than the first adjacent voltage difference threshold, then the switching control module of the i-th equalizer chip connects the capacitor connected to the i-th equalizer chip to the battery with the higher voltage between the i-th and i+1-th batteries for charging, and then switches to the battery with the lower voltage for discharging. The charging and discharging operation of the capacitor is continuously performed at the first preset frequency until the adjacent voltage difference between adjacent batteries is less than or equal to the second adjacent voltage difference threshold.

[0017] Furthermore, after the step of determining whether the current maximum pressure difference is greater than the preset maximum pressure difference threshold, the method further includes:

[0018] If the current maximum voltage difference is greater than the preset maximum voltage difference threshold, then all batteries with outlier voltage values ​​are identified from the battery pack, and a target battery is selected from the outlier batteries, and the serial number j of the target battery is recorded.

[0019] Determine whether the voltage of the target battery is less than the average voltage of the battery pack;

[0020] If the voltage of the target battery is less than the average voltage of the battery pack, then for the i-th equalization chip, determine whether i is less than j;

[0021] If i < j, then determine whether the voltage of the (i+1)th battery is less than the voltage of the ith battery. If the voltage of the (i+1)th battery is less than the voltage of the ith battery, then through the switching control module of the ith equalization chip, connect the capacitor connected to the ith equalization chip to the ith battery for charging, and then switch to the (i+1)th battery for discharging. Continuously perform the capacitor charging and discharging operation at the second preset frequency until the preset stop equalization condition is met. If the voltage of the (i+1)th battery is greater than the voltage of the ith battery, then the ith equalization chip does not perform the capacitor charging and discharging operation.

[0022] If i ≥ j, then determine whether the voltage of the (i+1)th battery is greater than the voltage of the ith battery. If the voltage of the (i+1)th battery is greater than the voltage of the ith battery, then through the switching control module of the ith equalization chip, connect the capacitor connected to the ith equalization chip to the (i+1)th battery for charging, and then switch to the ith battery for discharging. Continuously perform the capacitor charging and discharging operation at the second preset frequency until the preset stop equalization condition is met. If the voltage of the (i+1)th battery is less than the voltage of the ith battery, then the ith equalization chip does not perform the capacitor charging and discharging operation.

[0023] Furthermore, after the step of determining whether the voltage of the target battery is less than the average voltage of the battery pack, the method further includes:

[0024] If the voltage of the target battery is greater than the average voltage of the battery pack, then for the i-th equalization chip, determine whether i is less than j.

[0025] If i ≥ j, then determine whether the voltage of the (i+1)th battery is less than the voltage of the i-th battery. If the voltage of the (i+1)th battery is less than the voltage of the i-th battery, then through the switching control module of the i-th equalization chip, connect the capacitor connected to the i-th equalization chip to the i-th battery for charging, and then switch to the (i+1)th battery for discharging. Continuously perform the capacitor charging and discharging operation at the second preset frequency until the preset stop equalization condition is met. If the voltage of the (i+1)th battery is greater than the voltage of the i-th battery, then the i-th equalization chip does not perform the capacitor charging and discharging operation.

[0026] If i < j, then determine whether the voltage of the (i+1)th battery is greater than the voltage of the ith battery. If the voltage of the (i+1)th battery is greater than the voltage of the ith battery, then through the switching control module of the ith equalization chip, connect the capacitor connected to the ith equalization chip to the (i+1)th battery for charging, and then switch to the ith battery for discharging. Continuously perform the capacitor charging and discharging operation at the second preset frequency until the preset stop equalization condition is met. If the voltage of the (i+1)th battery is less than the voltage of the ith battery, then the ith equalization chip does not perform the capacitor charging and discharging operation.

[0027] Further, the step of identifying all batteries with outlier voltage values ​​from the battery pack and selecting a target battery from the outlier voltage values ​​includes:

[0028] Calculate the average voltage of the battery pack;

[0029] Calculate the deviation between the voltage of each battery and the average voltage;

[0030] Batteries whose deviation difference exceeds a preset deviation threshold are identified as outlier batteries, and all outlier batteries are added to the outlier battery set.

[0031] Determine the current state of the battery pack, wherein the current state is selected from charging state, discharging state, and resting state;

[0032] Based on the preset correspondence between state and voltage deviation direction, the battery with the largest voltage deviation direction corresponding to the current state of the battery pack and the largest deviation difference is selected from the set of outlier batteries as the target battery.

[0033] Further, the step of selecting the battery from the set of outlier batteries that corresponds to the current state of the battery pack and has the largest deviation difference as the target battery, based on a preset correspondence between state and voltage deviation direction, includes:

[0034] If the current state of the battery pack is charging, then the voltage deviation direction corresponding to the charging state in the preset correspondence is the positive deviation direction. The battery with the largest deviation difference and a voltage value higher than the average voltage is selected from the set of outlier batteries as the target battery.

[0035] If the current state of the battery pack is a discharge state, then the voltage deviation direction corresponding to the discharge state in the preset correspondence is a negative deviation direction. The battery with the largest deviation value and the lower voltage value than the average voltage is selected from the outlier battery set as the target battery.

[0036] If the current state of the battery pack is a static state, then the battery with the largest deviation difference is selected from the set of outlier batteries as the target battery.

[0037] If there is no battery in the outlier battery set that has a voltage deviation direction corresponding to the current state, then the battery with the largest deviation difference is selected from the outlier battery set as the target battery.

[0038] Furthermore, the preset stopping balance condition includes at least one of the following:

[0039] The real-time voltage difference between the target battery and the average voltage of the battery pack is less than a preset deviation threshold.

[0040] The maximum differential pressure of the battery pack is less than or equal to a preset maximum differential pressure threshold.

[0041] The duration of the capacitor charging and discharging operation exceeds the preset equalization time.

[0042] Further, the configuration step of the second preset frequency includes:

[0043] Calculate the distance levels between the i-th equalization chip and the target battery j respectively. ;

[0044] The second preset frequency of the i-th equalization chip is configured according to the distance level, wherein the larger the distance level, the smaller the corresponding second preset frequency.

[0045] A third aspect of the present invention provides a capacitor-type battery active balancing device applied to the above-described capacitor-type battery active balancing circuit, the capacitor-type battery active balancing device comprising:

[0046] The voltage detection module is used to continuously monitor the voltage value of each cell in the battery pack through the battery connection pins of each equalization chip, and send the voltage value to the main control unit.

[0047] The main control calculation module is used by the main control unit to calculate the current maximum voltage difference in the battery pack at the same time. The current maximum voltage difference is the voltage difference between the battery with the highest voltage and the battery with the lowest voltage in the battery pack.

[0048] The differential pressure determination module is used to determine whether the current maximum differential pressure is greater than a preset maximum differential pressure threshold.

[0049] The equalization comparison module is used to determine whether the adjacent voltage difference between the i-th battery and the (i+1)-th battery connected to it is greater than the first adjacent voltage difference threshold if the current maximum voltage difference is not greater than the preset maximum voltage difference threshold, where 1≤i≤n.

[0050] The first equalization module is used to, if the adjacent voltage difference of the i-th equalization chip is greater than the first adjacent voltage difference threshold, then through the switching control module of the i-th equalization chip, connect the capacitor connected to the i-th equalization chip to the battery with the higher voltage between the i-th and i+1-th batteries for charging, and then switch to the battery with the lower voltage for discharging, continuously performing the charging and discharging operation of the capacitor at a first preset frequency until the adjacent voltage difference between adjacent batteries is less than or equal to the second adjacent voltage difference threshold.

[0051] A fourth aspect of the present invention provides a computer device, the device including a memory and a processor, the memory storing a computer program, which, when executed by the processor, causes the processor to perform the steps of the above-described active balancing method for capacitor batteries.

[0052] The active balancing circuit for capacitor-type batteries of this invention reduces circuit complexity and hardware costs through the series connection of adjacent balancing chips and the connection between the main control unit and the first / last chips. Each balancing chip can independently monitor the voltage of adjacent batteries and perform balancing operations. Adjacent balancing chips are connected to the same battery, enabling continuous energy transfer between multiple batteries and achieving cross-chip collaborative balancing. Combined with the global control of the main control unit, it achieves coordinated local and global balancing, effectively shortening balancing time and improving balancing efficiency. Furthermore, the number of balancing chips can be flexibly adjusted according to the number of battery packs connected in series to adapt to the needs of battery packs of different sizes, showing broad application prospects in the new energy field. Using capacitors as energy storage elements for energy transfer reduces energy loss compared to passive balancing technology, improves the energy utilization rate of the battery pack, and helps extend the battery pack's range and lifespan.

[0053] The active balancing method for capacitor-type batteries of the present invention, by judging the current maximum voltage difference and the preset maximum voltage difference threshold, only initiates local balancing when the overall voltage consistency of the battery pack is good. Each balancing chip works independently, ensuring that the voltage of each part of the battery pack is always kept within a reasonable range, avoiding unnecessary global balancing coordination, and improving the overall balancing efficiency. At the same time, when the overall voltage consistency of the battery pack is good, the main control unit is mainly responsible for global status monitoring, and the specific balancing operation is completed autonomously by each balancing chip, reducing the computational load of the main control unit and making the response of the entire balancing system faster and more stable. Attached Figure Description

[0054] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention or the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0055] in:

[0056] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of an active balancing circuit for a capacitor-type battery in one embodiment;

[0057] Figure 2 This is a flowchart of an active balancing method for a capacitor-type battery in one embodiment;

[0058] Figure 3 This is a structural block diagram of a capacitor-type battery active balancing device in one embodiment;

[0059] Figure 4 This is a structural block diagram of a computer device in one embodiment. Detailed Implementation

[0060] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0061] This invention provides a capacitor-type battery active balancing circuit, including a battery pack, an balancing chip pack, an energy storage capacitor pack, and a main control unit.

[0062] The equalization chip group includes n equalization chips, each of which includes a battery connection pin, a capacitor connection pin, a switching control module, and a control signal interaction pin; adjacent equalization chips are interconnected through the control signal interaction pin; the main control unit is connected to the control signal interaction pin of the first or last equalization chip in the equalization chip group.

[0063] The battery pack includes n+1 batteries connected in series; the battery connection pins of the i-th equalization chip are connected to the i-th battery and the (i+1)-th battery respectively; where i is a natural number and 1≤i≤n;

[0064] The energy storage capacitor bank includes n capacitors, each of which is connected to the capacitor connection pin of the corresponding equalization chip.

[0065] The switching control module of the equalization chip is used to control the capacitor connection pin to selectively connect to the high-voltage battery or the low-voltage battery according to the voltage difference between adjacent batteries detected by the battery connection pin and the global control command sent by the main control unit, so as to transfer power.

[0066] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of a capacitor-type battery active balancing circuit in a specific embodiment, including: a battery pack, a balancing chip pack, an energy storage capacitor pack, and a main control unit (MCU).

[0067] The equalization chipset contains n equalization chips, denoted as IC1, IC2, ..., ICn. Each equalization chip integrates a battery connection pin, a capacitor connection pin, a switching control module, and a control signal interaction pin; n≥1. In some preferred embodiments, n≥2; in some further preferred embodiments, 3≤n≤20. The battery pack contains n+1 individual batteries connected in series, denoted as battery B1, battery B2, battery B3, ..., battery Bn, battery Bn+1. The energy storage capacitor pack contains n capacitors, denoted as capacitor C1, capacitor C2, ..., capacitor Cn. The two ends of each capacitor Ci are connected to the capacitor connection pin of chip ICi.

[0068] The battery connection pins of chip ICI (1≤i≤n) are connected to batteries Bi and Bi+1 respectively. Adjacent chips share the same battery. The capacitor connection pin of chip ICI is connected to capacitor Ci. A switching control module Gi is set inside chip ICI. The control signal interaction pins between adjacent chips ICI and ICI+1 are interconnected. Specifically, refer to... Figure 1 In this configuration, chip IC1's BAT1 pin is connected to the positive terminal of battery B1, and chip IC1's BAT2 pin is connected to the positive terminal of battery B2. The negative terminals of B1 and B2 are connected to chip IC1's GND pin. A storage capacitor C1 is connected between chip IC1's CAPH and CAPL pins. Chip IC1's switching control module G1 controls the connection of capacitor CI to either B1 or B2. Chip IC2's BAT1 pin is connected to the positive terminal of battery B2, and chip IC2's BAT2 pin is connected to the positive terminal of battery B3. The negative terminals of B2 and B3 are connected to chip IC2's GND pin. A storage capacitor C2 is connected between chip IC2's CAPH and CAPL pins. Chip IC2's switching control module G2 controls the connection of capacitor C2 to either B2 or B3. Chip IC1's enable input pin EN_I is connected to chip IC2's enable output pin EN_O, and chip IC1's equalization output STA_O is connected to chip IC2's equalization input pin STA_I. Chips IC1 and IC2 are both connected to the same battery B2. Figure 1Each battery also has a capacitor connected in parallel for voltage regulation, the capacitance of which is smaller than the capacitance of the energy storage capacitor bank. Multiple chips are connected in series in the same way until they are connected to chip ICn, forming a series signal transmission link. The enable input pin EN_I and the equalization status output STA_O of ICn are connected to the main control unit MCU. Thus, the global control commands of the main control unit MCU can be transmitted sequentially to all chips through chip ICn, and the equalization status of each chip can also be fed back to the main control unit MCU through each chip. The equalization status of the chip includes at least the voltage, current and other parameters of the two batteries connected to the chip. In some optional embodiments, when combined with other sensors, parameters such as temperature, capacity, and state of charge may also be included. Since this is not the focus of this invention, it will not be described in detail.

[0069] The main control unit (MCU) stores various preset voltage thresholds, correlation relationships, equalization start / stop conditions, and other necessary data. It is responsible for receiving equalization status data such as battery voltage data from each chip, calculating the overall voltage of the battery pack, and generating corresponding global control commands. These global control commands include equalization start / stop signals, equalization frequency parameters, equalization direction control, etc., which are sent to the equalization chipset to control the equalization operation of each chip to achieve overall management of the entire equalization process.

[0070] When the battery pack starts working, each chip ICi collects the voltage values ​​of battery Bi and battery Bi+1 in real time through the battery connection pins, and transmits the collected voltage data sequentially to chip ICn through the control signal interaction pins. Chip ICn then feeds back the data to the main control unit MCU. The main control unit MCU analyzes the received voltage data. If it determines that balancing is required, it generates a global control command and sends it to chip ICn, which then transmits the command to each chip ICi. Each chip ICi, based on its collected voltage difference between adjacent batteries and the global control command, controls the connection state of capacitor Ci through the switching control module Gi: when the voltage of battery Bi is higher than that of battery Bi+1, the switching control module first connects capacitor Ci to battery Bi for charging. After charging, it switches to connect to battery Bi+1 for discharging, thus transferring energy from battery Bi to battery Bi+1. Conversely, the energy transfer proceeds in the opposite direction until the voltage difference between adjacent batteries reaches the preset balancing target. The switching control module Gi can implement the connection switching using mature MOSFET switching circuits, etc. Throughout the equalization process, the operating status of each chip ICI is fed back to the main control unit MCU in real time. The main control unit MCU dynamically adjusts the global control commands based on the feedback information to ensure that the equalization process is carried out efficiently and stably.

[0071] This embodiment reduces circuit complexity and hardware costs by connecting adjacent equalization chips in series and by connecting the main control unit to the first / last chips. Each equalization chip can independently monitor the voltage of adjacent batteries and perform equalization operations. Adjacent equalization chips are connected to the same battery, enabling continuous energy transfer between multiple batteries and achieving cross-chip collaborative equalization. Combined with the global control of the main control unit, it achieves coordinated local and global equalization, effectively shortening equalization time and improving equalization efficiency. Furthermore, the number of equalization chips can be flexibly adjusted according to the number of batteries connected in series to adapt to the needs of battery packs of different sizes, showing broad application prospects in the new energy field. Using capacitors as energy storage elements for energy transfer reduces energy loss compared to passive equalization technology, improves the energy utilization rate of the battery pack, and helps extend the battery pack's range and lifespan.

[0072] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of an active balancing method for a capacitor-type battery in one embodiment, applied to the aforementioned active balancing circuit for a capacitor-type battery. The active balancing method for the capacitor-type battery includes:

[0073] S1: Continuously monitor the voltage value of each cell in the battery pack through the battery connection pins of each equalization chip, and send the voltage value to the main control unit;

[0074] S2: The main control unit calculates the current maximum voltage difference in the battery pack at the same time. The current maximum voltage difference is the voltage difference between the battery with the highest voltage and the battery with the lowest voltage in the battery pack.

[0075] S3: Determine whether the current maximum pressure difference is greater than the preset maximum pressure difference threshold;

[0076] S4: If the current maximum voltage difference is not greater than the preset maximum voltage difference threshold, then each of the i-th equalization chips determines whether the adjacent voltage difference between the i-th battery and the (i+1)-th battery connected to it is greater than the first adjacent voltage difference threshold, 1≤i≤n;

[0077] S5: If the adjacent voltage difference of the i-th equalizer chip is greater than the first adjacent voltage difference threshold, the switching control module of the i-th equalizer chip will connect the capacitor connected to the i-th equalizer chip to the battery with the higher voltage between the i-th and i+1-th batteries for charging, and then switch to the battery with the lower voltage for discharging. The charging and discharging operation of the capacitor will be continuously performed at the first preset frequency until the adjacent voltage difference between adjacent batteries is less than or equal to the second adjacent voltage difference threshold.

[0078] In this embodiment, in step S1 above, each equalization chip continuously monitors the voltage values ​​of the two adjacent batteries connected to it using its own battery connection pins. Taking the first equalization chip as an example, it collects the voltages of the first and second batteries in real time; the second equalization chip collects the voltages of the second and third batteries in real time, and so on. The collected voltage data is transmitted step by step to the last equalization chip through a series link formed by the control signal interaction pins between the equalization chips, and then fed back to the main control unit by the last equalization chip.

[0079] In step S2 above, after receiving the voltage data transmitted by each equalization chip, the main control unit analyzes the voltage of all batteries at the same time, compares the battery with the highest voltage and the battery with the lowest voltage, and calculates the difference between the two. This difference is the current maximum voltage difference. For example, if the battery with the highest voltage in the battery pack is the third battery (3.8V) and the battery with the lowest voltage is the fifth battery (3.6V), then the current maximum voltage difference is 0.2V.

[0080] In step S3 above, the main control unit compares the calculated current maximum differential pressure with a preset maximum differential pressure threshold. The preset maximum differential pressure threshold can be pre-set and stored in the main control unit's memory according to the characteristics of the battery pack and actual application requirements, for example, set to 0.3V, to determine whether the battery pack needs global equalization intervention.

[0081] In step S4 above, when the judgment result is that the current maximum voltage difference is not greater than the preset maximum voltage difference threshold, there is no need to activate the global equalization strategy; each equalization chip independently performs local judgment. Each equalization chip calculates the adjacent voltage difference between two adjacent batteries based on the voltage values ​​it has collected, and compares this difference with the first adjacent voltage difference threshold. The first adjacent voltage difference threshold is usually set to a small value, such as 0.05V, to identify whether there is a voltage deviation between adjacent batteries that needs adjustment.

[0082] In step S5 above, if the equalization chip determines that the voltage difference between adjacent cells is greater than the first adjacent voltage difference threshold, the switching control module of the equalization chip starts working, controlling the capacitor connected to it to perform charging and discharging operations. Specifically, the switching control module first connects the capacitor to the battery with the higher voltage among two adjacent cells, using the high-voltage battery to charge the capacitor; when the capacitor is charged to a stable state, the switching control module switches the capacitor to the battery with the lower voltage, causing the capacitor to discharge to the low-voltage battery, thereby realizing the transfer of energy from the high-voltage battery to the low-voltage battery. This charging and discharging process continues at a first preset frequency, which can be determined according to the characteristics of the capacitor and the equalization speed requirements, and can be a pre-set value. During the equalization process, the equalization chip continuously monitors the voltage difference between adjacent cells. When the adjacent voltage difference is less than or equal to the second adjacent voltage difference threshold (e.g., 0.025V), the charging and discharging operation stops, completing the local equalization.

[0083] This embodiment determines the voltage difference between the current maximum voltage difference and the preset maximum voltage difference threshold. When the overall voltage consistency of the battery pack is good, only local equalization is initiated, and each equalization chip works independently. This ensures that the voltage of each part of the battery pack is always kept within a reasonable range, avoiding unnecessary global equalization coordination and improving the overall equalization efficiency. At the same time, when the overall voltage consistency of the battery pack is good, the main control unit is mainly responsible for global status monitoring, and the specific equalization operation is completed autonomously by each equalization chip. This reduces the computational load of the main control unit and makes the response of the entire equalization system faster and more stable.

[0084] In one specific embodiment, after step S3 of determining whether the current maximum pressure difference is greater than a preset maximum pressure difference threshold, the method further includes:

[0085] S6: If the current maximum voltage difference is greater than the preset maximum voltage difference threshold, then identify all batteries with outlier voltage values ​​from the battery pack, select a target battery from the outlier batteries, and record the serial number j of the target battery.

[0086] S7: Determine whether the voltage of the target battery is less than the average voltage of the battery pack;

[0087] S8: If the voltage of the target battery is less than the average voltage of the battery pack, then for the i-th equalization chip, determine whether i is less than j.

[0088] S9: If i < j, then determine whether the voltage of the (i+1)th battery is less than the voltage of the i-th battery; if the voltage of the (i+1)th battery is less than the voltage of the i-th battery, then through the switching control module of the i-th equalization chip, connect the capacitor connected to the i-th equalization chip to the i-th battery for charging, and then switch to the (i+1)th battery for discharging, continuously performing the capacitor charging and discharging operation at the second preset frequency until the preset stop equalization condition is met; if the voltage of the (i+1)th battery is greater than the voltage of the i-th battery, then the i-th equalization chip does not perform the capacitor charging and discharging operation.

[0089] S10: If i≥j, then determine whether the voltage of the (i+1)th battery is greater than the voltage of the ith battery. If the voltage of the (i+1)th battery is greater than the voltage of the ith battery, then through the switching control module of the ith equalization chip, connect the capacitor connected to the i+1th battery for charging, and then switch to the ith battery for discharging. Continuously perform the capacitor charging and discharging operation at the second preset frequency until the preset stop equalization condition is met. If the voltage of the (i+1)th battery is less than the voltage of the ith battery, then the ith equalization chip does not perform the capacitor charging and discharging operation.

[0090] In this embodiment, based on the above embodiment of the active balancing method for capacitor-type batteries, after judging the current maximum voltage difference and the preset maximum voltage difference threshold, if the current maximum voltage difference is greater than the preset maximum voltage difference threshold, it indicates that the overall voltage consistency of the battery pack is poor and there is a significant voltage deviation from the battery.

[0091] In step S6 above, the main control unit identifies all batteries with outlier voltage values ​​from the battery pack, selects a target battery from them, and records the serial number of the target battery to locate the battery that needs to be prioritized for equalization.

[0092] In step S7 above, it is determined whether the voltage of the target battery is less than the average voltage of the battery pack. This is used to determine whether the target battery is a battery with too low a voltage or a battery with too high a voltage, and to determine the direction of the energy transfer balancing operation in subsequent steps.

[0093] In step S8 above, when the voltage of the target battery is lower than the average voltage of the battery pack, the target battery needs to be charged to increase its voltage, meaning that energy is balanced towards the target battery. For each balancing chip, the relationship between its serial number and the target battery serial number needs to be determined to ascertain the direction of energy transfer for balancing.

[0094] In step S9 above, if the serial number of the balancing chip is less than the serial number of the target battery, it is determined whether the voltage of the (i+1)th battery is less than the voltage of the i-th battery. If the voltage of the (i+1)th battery is less than the voltage of the i-th battery, it means that energy can be transferred from the i-th battery to the (i+1)th battery, and then gradually converge towards the target battery. The main control unit determines to start the balancing of the corresponding balancing chip. At this time, the switching control module of the balancing chip will first connect its connected capacitor to the i-th battery for charging. After charging is completed, it will switch to connecting to the (i+1)th battery for discharging, continuously performing capacitor charging and discharging operations at a second preset frequency until the preset stopping balancing condition is met. The second preset frequency can be a pre-set value or a value that varies according to specific conditions. If the voltage of the (i+1)th battery is greater than the voltage of the i-th battery, it means that the energy transfer direction between these two batteries does not meet the requirement of replenishing energy to the target battery. The balancing chip will not perform capacitor charging and discharging operations to avoid reverse energy flow.

[0095] In step S10 above, if the serial number of the equalization chip is greater than or equal to the serial number of the target battery, it is determined whether the voltage of the (i+1)th battery is greater than the voltage of the i-th battery. When the voltage of the (i+1)th battery is greater than the voltage of the i-th battery, energy can be transferred from the (i+1)th battery to the i-th battery, thereby replenishing energy to the target battery. The main control unit then determines to start the equalization of the corresponding equalization chip. At this time, the switching control module of the equalization chip will first connect the capacitor connected to it to the (i+1)th battery for charging, and then switch to connecting it to the i-th battery for discharging, continuously charging and discharging at a second preset frequency until the stop condition is met. If the voltage of the (i+1)th battery is less than the voltage of the i-th battery, the equalization chip will not perform charging and discharging operations to avoid reverse energy flow.

[0096] In this embodiment, when the overall voltage consistency of the battery pack is poor, and there are batteries with large voltage deviations, global priority equalization is performed. The main control unit selectively activates the equalization operation of the equalization chips based on the positional relationship between each equalization chip and the target battery, as well as the voltage status of the connected batteries. This efficiently replenishes energy to the low-voltage target battery, quickly improving the overall voltage consistency of the battery pack. Simultaneously, each equalization chip selectively performs charge and discharge operations according to the actual situation, avoiding ineffective energy transfer, reducing energy loss, and improving equalization efficiency.

[0097] In one specific embodiment, after step S8 of determining whether the voltage of the target battery is less than the average voltage of the battery pack, the method further includes:

[0098] S11: If the voltage of the target battery is greater than the average voltage of the battery pack, then for the i-th equalization chip, determine whether i is less than j.

[0099] S12: If i≥j, then determine whether the voltage of the (i+1)th battery is less than the voltage of the ith battery; if the voltage of the (i+1)th battery is less than the voltage of the ith battery, then through the switching control module of the ith equalization chip, connect the capacitor connected to the ith equalization chip to the ith battery for charging, and then switch to the (i+1)th battery for discharging, continuously performing the capacitor charging and discharging operation at the second preset frequency until the preset stop equalization condition is met; if the voltage of the (i+1)th battery is greater than the voltage of the ith battery, then the ith equalization chip does not perform the capacitor charging and discharging operation.

[0100] S13: If i < j, then determine whether the voltage of the (i+1)th battery is greater than the voltage of the ith battery. If the voltage of the (i+1)th battery is greater than the voltage of the ith battery, then through the switching control module of the i-th equalization chip, connect the capacitor connected to the i-th equalization chip to the (i+1)th battery for charging, and then switch to the i-th battery for discharging. Continuously perform the capacitor charging and discharging operation at the second preset frequency until the preset stop equalization condition is met. If the voltage of the (i+1)th battery is less than the voltage of the i-th battery, then the i-th equalization chip does not perform the capacitor charging and discharging operation.

[0101] In this embodiment, in step S11 above, after judging the current maximum voltage difference against the preset maximum voltage difference threshold, if the current maximum voltage difference is greater than the preset maximum voltage difference threshold, it indicates that the overall voltage consistency of the battery pack is poor, and there is a significant voltage deviation from the battery. The main control unit further determines that if the voltage of the target battery is greater than the average voltage of the battery pack, it means that the target battery needs to release energy to achieve voltage equalization of the battery pack. For each equalization chip, it is necessary to first determine the relationship between its serial number and the serial number of the target battery, and then perform the corresponding charging and discharging operations according to the voltage of the connected battery.

[0102] In step S12 above, if the serial number of the balancing chip is greater than or equal to the serial number of the target battery, it is determined whether the voltage of the (i+1)th battery is less than the voltage of the i-th battery. When the voltage of the (i+1)th battery is less than the voltage of the i-th battery, energy can be transferred from the i-th battery to the (i+1)th battery, thereby realizing the outward release of energy from the target battery. The main control unit then determines to start the balancing of the corresponding balancing chip. At this time, the switching control module of the balancing chip will first connect the connected capacitor to the i-th battery for charging. After charging is completed, it will switch to connecting to the (i+1)th battery for discharging, continuously performing charging and discharging operations at a second preset frequency until the preset stop balancing condition is met. The second preset frequency can be a pre-set value or a value that varies according to specific conditions. If the voltage of the (i+1)th battery is greater than the voltage of the i-th battery, it means that the energy transfer direction between these two batteries does not match the energy release requirements of the target battery. The balancing chip will not perform the charging and discharging operation of the capacitor to avoid reverse energy accumulation.

[0103] In step S12 above, if the serial number of the balancing chip is less than the serial number of the target battery, the voltage of the (i+1)th connected battery and the i-th battery are compared. When the voltage of the (i+1)th battery is greater than the voltage of the i-th battery, energy can be transferred from the (i+1)th battery to the i-th battery, thereby releasing energy from the target battery. The main control unit then determines to activate the balancing of the corresponding balancing chip. The balancing process is the same as the previous steps and will not be repeated here. If the voltage of the (i+1)th battery is less than the voltage of the i-th battery, the balancing chip will not perform charging or discharging operations to avoid reverse energy accumulation.

[0104] In this embodiment, when the overall voltage consistency of the battery pack is poor and there are batteries with large voltage deviations, global priority equalization is performed. The main control unit selectively activates the equalization operation of the equalization chips based on the positional relationship between each equalization chip and the target battery, as well as the voltage status of adjacent batteries. This efficiently transfers excess energy from the target battery to other batteries, quickly improving the overall voltage consistency of the battery pack. Simultaneously, each equalization chip selectively performs charge and discharge operations according to the actual situation, avoiding ineffective energy transfer back and forth, reducing energy loss, and improving equalization efficiency.

[0105] In one specific embodiment, step S6, which involves identifying all batteries with outlier voltage values ​​from the battery pack and selecting a target battery from among the outlier batteries, includes:

[0106] S601: Calculate the average voltage of the battery pack;

[0107] S602: Calculate the deviation difference between the voltage of each battery and the average voltage;

[0108] S603: Batteries whose deviation difference exceeds a preset deviation threshold are identified as outlier batteries with outlier voltage values, and all outlier batteries with outlier voltage values ​​are added to the outlier battery set.

[0109] S604: Determine the current state of the battery pack, wherein the current state is selected from charging state, discharging state and resting state;

[0110] S605: Based on the preset correspondence between state and voltage deviation direction, select the battery from the set of outlier batteries that corresponds to the current state of the battery pack and has the largest deviation difference as the target battery.

[0111] In this embodiment, in step S601 above, the main control unit obtains the real-time voltage value of each cell in the battery pack, adds all the voltage values ​​together and divides them by the number of cells, and the result is the average voltage of the battery pack.

[0112] In steps S602-S603 above, for each battery cell, the absolute value of the difference between its voltage value and the average voltage is the deviation difference for that battery. The preset deviation threshold can be set according to the characteristics of the battery pack and the actual application scenario, for example, it can be set to 0.2V.

[0113] In step S604 above, the determination can be made by information such as the direction of the current in the battery pack. For example, when there is current flowing into the battery pack, it is determined to be in a charging state; when there is current flowing out of the battery pack, it is determined to be in a discharging state; when there is neither current flowing in nor out, it is determined to be in a stationary state.

[0114] In step S605 above, a target battery is selected from the set of outlier batteries according to a preset correspondence between state and voltage deviation direction. Specifically, step S605, which selects the battery with the largest voltage deviation direction corresponding to the current state of the battery pack and the largest deviation difference as the target battery from the set of outlier batteries according to the preset correspondence between state and voltage deviation direction, includes:

[0115] S6051: If the current state of the battery pack is charging, then the voltage deviation direction corresponding to the charging state in the preset correspondence is the positive deviation direction. The battery with the largest deviation value and the higher voltage value than the average voltage is selected from the outlier battery set as the target battery. During the charging process, the battery with the higher voltage is more likely to reach the full charge state first. If it is not balanced in time, there may be an overcharge risk. Therefore, the battery with the largest positive deviation is balanced first.

[0116] S6052: If the current state of the battery pack is a discharge state, then the voltage deviation direction corresponding to the discharge state in the preset correspondence is a negative deviation direction. The battery with the largest deviation value that is lower than the average voltage is selected from the outlier battery set as the target battery. Since the battery with too low voltage may discharge before other batteries during discharge, resulting in over-discharge and affecting the battery life, the battery with the largest negative deviation is processed first to reduce the risk of over-discharge.

[0117] S6053: If the current state of the battery pack is a static state, then the battery with the largest deviation difference is selected from the set of outlier batteries as the target battery; in the static state, the voltage state of the battery pack is relatively stable, and selecting the battery with the most serious deviation for equalization can quickly improve the voltage consistency of the entire battery pack.

[0118] S6054: If there is no battery in the outlier battery set that has a voltage deviation direction corresponding to the current state, then select the battery with the largest deviation difference from the outlier battery set as the target battery.

[0119] When the battery pack is in a quiescent state, there is no significant impact from the charging and discharging current. In this case, the battery with the largest deviation from the outlier set can be directly selected as the target battery. The battery with the most severe deviation is then used for balancing to maximize the overall voltage consistency of the battery pack.

[0120] In one specific embodiment, the preset stopping equalization condition includes at least one of the following:

[0121] The real-time voltage difference between the target battery and the average voltage of the battery pack is less than a preset deviation threshold.

[0122] The maximum differential pressure of the battery pack is less than or equal to a preset maximum differential pressure threshold.

[0123] The duration of the capacitor charging and discharging operation exceeds the preset equalization time.

[0124] In this embodiment, when the real-time voltage difference between the target battery and the average voltage of the battery pack is less than a preset deviation threshold, it means that the voltage of the target battery has approached the average level of the battery pack, its outlier characteristics have basically disappeared, and there is no need to continue prioritizing equalization for this battery. Global priority equalization can be stopped, and the process can proceed to local pairwise equalization.

[0125] If the maximum voltage difference of the battery pack is less than or equal to the preset maximum voltage difference threshold, it also indicates that the voltage consistency of the entire battery pack has reached the expected goal, and the global priority equalization can be stopped and the local pairwise equalization process can be resumed.

[0126] When the duration of capacitor charging / discharging exceeds the preset equalization time, the equalization operation will stop regardless of the current voltage state. The preset equalization time is set based on battery pack characteristics and past equalization experience to prevent unnecessary wear and tear on capacitors and batteries caused by prolonged equalization, thus ensuring the safety and lifespan of circuit components.

[0127] In one specific embodiment, the configuration step of the second preset frequency includes:

[0128] Calculate the distance levels between the i-th equalization chip and the target battery j respectively. ;

[0129] The second preset frequency of the i-th equalization chip is configured according to the distance level, wherein the larger the distance level, the smaller the corresponding second preset frequency.

[0130] In this embodiment, the distance level between each equalization chip and the target battery is calculated. The larger the distance level, the farther away from the target battery. A corresponding second preset frequency is configured for each equalization chip based on the distance level. The larger the distance level, the smaller the second preset frequency. For example, when the distance level is 1, the second preset frequency is 50kHz; when the distance level is 3, the second preset frequency is 15kHz, and so on. As the distance level increases, the second preset frequency decreases step by step. This allows equalization chips closer to the target battery to operate at a higher frequency, enabling rapid energy transfer to (or from) the target battery, improving energy transfer efficiency, and quickly reaching the target battery's equalization cutoff condition. Conversely, equalization chips farther away operate at a lower frequency, reducing energy loss during transfer and minimizing ineffective energy transfer, thereby improving the stability and efficiency of the entire battery pack equalization process.

[0131] Reference Figure 3 The present invention discloses an active equalization device for a capacitor-type battery, applied to the aforementioned active equalization circuit for a capacitor-type battery, the active equalization device for the capacitor-type battery comprising:

[0132] The voltage detection module 10 is used to continuously monitor the voltage value of each cell in the battery pack through the battery connection pins of each equalization chip, and send the voltage value to the main control unit.

[0133] The main control calculation module 20 is used by the main control unit to calculate the current maximum voltage difference in the battery pack at the same time. The current maximum voltage difference is the voltage difference between the battery with the highest voltage and the battery with the lowest voltage in the battery pack.

[0134] Differential pressure judgment module 30 is used to determine whether the current maximum differential pressure is greater than a preset maximum differential pressure threshold;

[0135] The equalization comparison module 40 is used to determine whether the adjacent voltage difference between the i-th battery and the (i+1)-th battery connected to it is greater than the first adjacent voltage difference threshold if the current maximum voltage difference is not greater than the preset maximum voltage difference threshold, where 1≤i≤n.

[0136] The first equalization module 50 is used to, if the adjacent voltage difference of the i-th equalization chip is greater than the first adjacent voltage difference threshold, then through the switching control module of the i-th equalization chip, connect the capacitor connected to the i-th equalization chip to the battery with the higher voltage between the i-th and i+1-th batteries for charging, and then switch to the battery with the lower voltage for discharging, continuously performing the charging and discharging operation of the capacitor at a first preset frequency until the adjacent voltage difference between adjacent batteries is less than or equal to the second adjacent voltage difference threshold.

[0137] In one specific embodiment, the capacitor-type battery active balancing device further includes:

[0138] The target battery identification module is used to identify all batteries with outlier voltage values ​​from the battery pack if the current maximum voltage difference is greater than a preset maximum voltage difference threshold, and to select a target battery from the batteries with outlier voltage values ​​and record the serial number j of the target battery.

[0139] The first judgment module is used to determine whether the voltage of the target battery is less than the average voltage of the battery pack.

[0140] The second judgment module is used to determine whether i is less than j for the i-th equalization chip if the voltage of the target battery is less than the average voltage of the battery pack.

[0141] The second equalization module is used to determine whether the voltage of the (i+1)th battery is less than the voltage of the ith battery if i < j. If the voltage of the (i+1)th battery is less than the voltage of the ith battery, the switching control module of the ith equalization chip connects the capacitor connected to the ith equalization chip to the ith battery for charging, and then switches to the (i+1)th battery for discharging. The capacitor charging and discharging operation is continuously performed at a second preset frequency until the preset stop equalization condition is met. If the voltage of the (i+1)th battery is greater than the voltage of the ith battery, the ith equalization chip does not perform the capacitor charging and discharging operation.

[0142] The third equalization module is used to determine whether the voltage of the (i+1)th battery is greater than the voltage of the ith battery if i ≥ j. If the voltage of the (i+1)th battery is greater than the voltage of the ith battery, the switching control module of the ith equalization chip connects the capacitor connected to the ith equalization chip to the (i+1)th battery for charging, and then switches to the ith battery for discharging. The capacitor charging and discharging operation is continuously performed at a second preset frequency until the preset stop equalization condition is met. If the voltage of the (i+1)th battery is less than the voltage of the ith battery, the ith equalization chip does not perform the capacitor charging and discharging operation.

[0143] In one specific embodiment, the capacitor-type battery active balancing device further includes:

[0144] The third judgment module is used to determine whether i is less than j for the i-th equalization chip if the voltage of the target battery is greater than the average voltage of the battery pack.

[0145] The fourth equalization module is used to determine whether the voltage of the (i+1)th battery is less than the voltage of the ith battery if i ≥ j. If the voltage of the (i+1)th battery is less than the voltage of the ith battery, the switching control module of the ith equalization chip connects the capacitor connected to the ith equalization chip to the ith battery for charging, and then switches to the (i+1)th battery for discharging. The capacitor charging and discharging operation is continuously performed at a second preset frequency until the preset stop equalization condition is met. If the voltage of the (i+1)th battery is greater than the voltage of the ith battery, the ith equalization chip does not perform the capacitor charging and discharging operation.

[0146] The fifth equalization module is used to determine whether the voltage of the (i+1)th battery is greater than the voltage of the ith battery if i < j. If the voltage of the (i+1)th battery is greater than the voltage of the ith battery, the switching control module of the ith equalization chip connects the capacitor connected to the ith equalization chip to the (i+1)th battery for charging, and then switches to the ith battery for discharging. The capacitor charging and discharging operation is continuously performed at a second preset frequency until the preset stop equalization condition is met. If the voltage of the (i+1)th battery is less than the voltage of the ith battery, the ith equalization chip does not perform the capacitor charging and discharging operation.

[0147] In one specific embodiment, the target battery identification module includes:

[0148] The first calculation unit is used to calculate the average voltage of the battery pack;

[0149] The second calculation unit is used to calculate the deviation difference between the voltage of each battery and the average voltage.

[0150] The collection unit is used to identify batteries whose deviation difference exceeds a preset deviation threshold as batteries with outlier voltage values, and to add all batteries with outlier voltage values ​​to the outlier battery collection.

[0151] A state determination unit is used to determine the current state of the battery pack, wherein the current state is selected from charging state, discharging state, and resting state.

[0152] The target battery selection unit is used to select, from the set of outlier batteries, the battery with the largest voltage deviation direction corresponding to the current state of the battery pack and the largest deviation difference as the target battery, based on a preset correspondence between state and voltage deviation direction.

[0153] In one specific embodiment, the target battery selection unit includes:

[0154] The first selection subunit is used to select the battery with a voltage value higher than the average voltage and the largest deviation difference from the outlier battery set as the target battery if the current state of the battery pack is the charging state and the voltage deviation direction corresponding to the charging state in the preset correspondence is the positive deviation direction.

[0155] The second selection subunit is used to select the battery with the largest voltage deviation value and the largest deviation value from the outlier battery set as the target battery if the current state of the battery pack is the discharge state and the voltage deviation direction corresponding to the discharge state in the preset correspondence is the negative deviation direction.

[0156] The third selection subunit is used to select the battery with the largest deviation difference from the set of outlier batteries as the target battery if the current state of the battery pack is a static state.

[0157] The fourth selection subunit is used to select the battery with the largest deviation difference from the outlier battery set as the target battery if there is no battery in the outlier battery set that has a voltage deviation direction corresponding to the current state.

[0158] In one specific embodiment, the preset stopping balance condition includes at least one of the following:

[0159] The real-time voltage difference between the target battery and the average voltage of the battery pack is less than a preset deviation threshold.

[0160] The maximum differential pressure of the battery pack is less than or equal to a preset maximum differential pressure threshold.

[0161] The duration of the capacitor charging and discharging operation exceeds the preset equalization time.

[0162] In one specific embodiment, the configuration step of the second preset frequency includes:

[0163] Calculate the distance levels between the i-th equalization chip and the target battery j respectively. ;

[0164] The second preset frequency of the i-th equalization chip is configured according to the distance level, wherein the larger the distance level, the smaller the corresponding second preset frequency.

[0165] The active equalization device for capacitor-type batteries in this embodiment of the invention, by judging the current maximum voltage difference and the preset maximum voltage difference threshold, only initiates local equalization when the overall voltage consistency of the battery pack is good. Each equalization chip works independently, ensuring that the voltage of each part of the battery pack is always kept within a reasonable range, avoiding unnecessary global equalization coordination, and improving the overall equalization efficiency. At the same time, when the overall voltage consistency of the battery pack is good, the main control unit is mainly responsible for global status monitoring, and the specific equalization operation is completed autonomously by each equalization chip, reducing the computational load of the main control unit and making the response of the entire equalization system faster and more stable.

[0166] Figure 4 An internal structural diagram of a computer device in one embodiment is shown. This computer device can specifically be a terminal or a server. Figure 4 As shown, the computer device includes a processor, memory, and a network interface connected via a system bus. The memory includes a non-volatile storage medium and internal memory. The non-volatile storage medium stores an operating system and may also store a computer program. When executed by the processor, this computer program enables the processor to implement an active balancing method for capacitor-type batteries. The internal memory may also store a computer program, which, when executed by the processor, enables the processor to implement the active balancing method for capacitor-type batteries. Those skilled in the art will understand that… Figure 4 The structure shown is merely a block diagram of a portion of the structure related to the present invention and does not constitute a limitation on the computer device to which the present invention is applied. A specific computer device may include more or fewer components than those shown in the figure, or combine certain components, or have different component arrangements.

[0167] In one embodiment, a computer device is provided, including a memory and a processor, the memory storing a computer program that, when executed by the processor, causes the processor to perform the following steps:

[0168] The voltage value of each cell in the battery pack is continuously monitored through the battery connection pins of each equalization chip, and the voltage value is sent to the main control unit.

[0169] The main control unit calculates the current maximum voltage difference in the battery pack at the same time. The current maximum voltage difference is the voltage difference between the battery with the highest voltage and the battery with the lowest voltage in the battery pack.

[0170] Determine whether the current maximum differential pressure is greater than a preset maximum differential pressure threshold;

[0171] If the current maximum voltage difference is not greater than the preset maximum voltage difference threshold, then each of the i-th equalization chips determines whether the adjacent voltage difference between the i-th battery and the (i+1)-th battery connected to it is greater than the first adjacent voltage difference threshold, 1≤i≤n;

[0172] If the adjacent voltage difference of the i-th equalizer chip is greater than the first adjacent voltage difference threshold, then the switching control module of the i-th equalizer chip connects the capacitor connected to the i-th equalizer chip to the battery with the higher voltage between the i-th and i+1-th batteries for charging, and then switches to the battery with the lower voltage for discharging. The charging and discharging operation of the capacitor is continuously performed at the first preset frequency until the adjacent voltage difference between adjacent batteries is less than or equal to the second adjacent voltage difference threshold.

[0173] This invention, through the determination of the current maximum voltage difference and the preset maximum voltage difference threshold, activates only local equalization when the overall voltage consistency of the battery pack is good. Each equalization chip works independently, ensuring that the voltage of each part of the battery pack is always kept within a reasonable range, avoiding unnecessary global equalization coordination, and improving the overall equalization efficiency. At the same time, when the overall voltage consistency of the battery pack is good, the main control unit is mainly responsible for global status monitoring, and the specific equalization operation is completed autonomously by each equalization chip, reducing the computational load of the main control unit and making the response of the entire equalization system faster and more stable.

[0174] Those skilled in the art will understand that all or part of the processes in the methods of the above embodiments can be implemented by a computer program instructing related hardware. The program can be stored in a non-volatile computer-readable storage medium, and when executed, it can include the processes of the embodiments of the above methods. Any references to memory, storage, databases, or other media used in the embodiments provided by this invention can include non-volatile and / or volatile memory. Non-volatile memory can include read-only memory (ROM), programmable ROM (PROM), electrically programmable ROM (EPROM), electrically erasable programmable ROM (EEPROM), or flash memory. Volatile memory can include random access memory (RAM) or external cache memory. By way of illustration and not limitation, RAM is available in various forms, such as static RAM (SRAM), dynamic RAM (DRAM), synchronous DRAM (SDRAM), dual data rate SDRAM (DDRSDRAM), enhanced SDRAM (ESDRAM), synchronous link DRAM (SLDRAM), RAMbus direct RAM (RDRAM), direct memory bus dynamic RAM (DRDRAM), and RAMbus dynamic RAM (RDRAM), etc.

[0175] The technical features of the above embodiments can be combined in any way. For the sake of brevity, not all possible combinations of the technical features in the above embodiments are described. However, as long as there is no contradiction in the combination of these technical features, they should be considered to be within the scope of this specification.

[0176] The embodiments described above are merely illustrative of several implementations of the present invention, and while the descriptions are specific and detailed, they should not be construed as limiting the scope of the present invention. It should be noted that those skilled in the art can make various modifications and improvements without departing from the concept of the present invention, and these modifications and improvements all fall within the scope of protection of the present invention. Therefore, the scope of protection of this patent should be determined by the appended claims.

Claims

1. A method for actively balancing a capacitor-type battery, characterized by, This circuit is applied to the active balancing circuit of capacitor-type batteries. The circuit includes a battery pack, a balancing chip pack, an energy storage capacitor pack, and a main control unit. The balancing chip pack includes n balancing chips. Each balancing chip includes a battery connection pin, a capacitor connection pin, a switching control module, and a control signal interaction pin. Adjacent balancing chips are interconnected through the control signal interaction pin. The main control unit is connected to the control signal interaction pin of the first or last balancing chip in the balancing chip pack. The battery pack includes n+1 batteries connected in series. The battery connection pin of the i-th balancing chip is connected to the i-th battery and the (i+1)-th battery, where 1≤i≤n. The energy storage capacitor bank consists of n capacitors, each connected to a corresponding capacitor connection pin of the equalization chip; the method includes: The voltage value of each cell in the battery pack is continuously monitored through the battery connection pins of each equalization chip, and the voltage value is sent to the main control unit. The main control unit calculates the current maximum voltage difference in the battery pack at the same time. The current maximum voltage difference is the voltage difference between the battery with the highest voltage and the battery with the lowest voltage in the battery pack. Determine whether the current maximum differential pressure is greater than a preset maximum differential pressure threshold; If the current maximum voltage difference is greater than the preset maximum voltage difference threshold, then all batteries with outlier voltage values ​​are identified from the battery pack, and a target battery is selected from the outlier batteries, and the serial number j of the target battery is recorded. Determine whether the voltage of the target battery is less than the average voltage of the battery pack; If the voltage of the target battery is less than the average voltage of the battery pack, then for the i-th equalization chip, determine whether i is less than j; If i < j, respectively judge whether the voltage of the i+1 section battery is less than the voltage of the i section battery; if the voltage of the i+1 section battery is less than the voltage of the i section battery, connect the capacitor connected with the i th equalization chip to the i section battery for charging through the switching control module of the i th equalization chip, and then switch to the i+1 section battery for discharging, so as to continuously execute the charging and discharging operation of the capacitor at a second preset frequency until the preset equalization stopping condition is met; if the voltage of the i+1 section battery is greater than the voltage of the i section battery, the i th equalization chip does not execute the charging and discharging operation of the capacitor; wherein the configuration step of the second preset frequency comprises: respectively calculating the distance level of the i th equalization chip and the target battery j ; respectively configure the second preset frequency of the i th equalization chip according to the distance level, wherein the greater the distance level is, the smaller the corresponding second preset frequency is; If i ≥ j, then determine whether the voltage of the (i+1)th battery is greater than the voltage of the ith battery. If the voltage of the (i+1)th battery is greater than the voltage of the ith battery, then through the switching control module of the ith equalization chip, connect the capacitor connected to the ith equalization chip to the (i+1)th battery for charging, and then switch to the ith battery for discharging. Continuously perform the capacitor charging and discharging operation at the second preset frequency until the preset stop equalization condition is met. If the voltage of the (i+1)th battery is less than the voltage of the ith battery, then the ith equalization chip does not perform the capacitor charging and discharging operation.

2. The method of claim 1, wherein the method is performed by a battery management system. After the step of determining whether the current maximum differential pressure is greater than the preset maximum differential pressure threshold, the method further includes: If the current maximum voltage difference is not greater than the preset maximum voltage difference threshold, then each of the i-th equalization chips determines whether the adjacent voltage difference between the i-th battery and the (i+1)-th battery connected to it is greater than the first adjacent voltage difference threshold, 1≤i≤n; If the adjacent voltage difference of the i-th equalizer chip is greater than the first adjacent voltage difference threshold, then the switching control module of the i-th equalizer chip connects the capacitor connected to the i-th equalizer chip to the battery with the higher voltage between the i-th and i+1-th batteries for charging, and then switches to the battery with the lower voltage for discharging. The charging and discharging operation of the capacitor is continuously performed at the first preset frequency until the adjacent voltage difference between adjacent batteries is less than or equal to the second adjacent voltage difference threshold.

3. The method of claim 1, wherein the method is performed by a battery management system. After the step of determining whether the voltage of the target battery is less than the average voltage of the battery pack, the method further includes: If the voltage of the target battery is greater than the average voltage of the battery pack, then for the i-th equalization chip, determine whether i is less than j. If i ≥ j, then determine whether the voltage of the (i+1)th battery is less than the voltage of the i-th battery. If the voltage of the (i+1)th battery is less than the voltage of the i-th battery, then through the switching control module of the i-th equalization chip, connect the capacitor connected to the i-th equalization chip to the i-th battery for charging, and then switch to the (i+1)th battery for discharging. Continuously perform the capacitor charging and discharging operation at the second preset frequency until the preset stop equalization condition is met. If the voltage of the (i+1)th battery is greater than the voltage of the i-th battery, then the i-th equalization chip does not perform the capacitor charging and discharging operation. If i < j, then determine whether the voltage of the (i+1)th battery is greater than the voltage of the ith battery. If the voltage of the (i+1)th battery is greater than the voltage of the ith battery, then through the switching control module of the ith equalization chip, connect the capacitor connected to the ith equalization chip to the (i+1)th battery for charging, and then switch to the ith battery for discharging. Continuously perform the capacitor charging and discharging operation at the second preset frequency until the preset stop equalization condition is met. If the voltage of the (i+1)th battery is less than the voltage of the ith battery, then the ith equalization chip does not perform the capacitor charging and discharging operation.

4. The method of claim 1, wherein the method is performed by a battery management system. The step of identifying all batteries with outlier voltage values ​​from the battery pack and selecting a target battery from the outlier batteries includes: Calculate the average voltage of the battery pack; Calculate the deviation between the voltage of each battery and the average voltage; Batteries whose deviation difference exceeds a preset deviation threshold are identified as outlier batteries, and all outlier batteries are added to the outlier battery set. Determine the current state of the battery pack, wherein the current state is selected from charging state, discharging state, and resting state; Based on the preset correspondence between state and voltage deviation direction, the battery with the largest voltage deviation direction corresponding to the current state of the battery pack and the largest deviation difference is selected from the set of outlier batteries as the target battery.

5. The active balancing method for capacitor-type batteries according to claim 4, characterized in that, The step of selecting the battery with the largest voltage deviation direction corresponding to the current state of the battery pack and the largest deviation difference from the set of outlier batteries according to the preset correspondence between state and voltage deviation direction includes: If the current state of the battery pack is charging, then the voltage deviation direction corresponding to the charging state in the preset correspondence is the positive deviation direction. The battery with the largest deviation difference and a voltage value higher than the average voltage is selected from the set of outlier batteries as the target battery. If the current state of the battery pack is a discharge state, then the voltage deviation direction corresponding to the discharge state in the preset correspondence is a negative deviation direction. The battery with the largest deviation value and the lower voltage value than the average voltage is selected from the outlier battery set as the target battery. If the current state of the battery pack is a static state, then the battery with the largest deviation difference is selected from the set of outlier batteries as the target battery. If there is no battery in the outlier battery set that has a voltage deviation direction corresponding to the current state, then the battery with the largest deviation difference is selected from the outlier battery set as the target battery.

6. The active balancing method for capacitor-type batteries according to claim 1 or 3, characterized in that, The preset stopping balance condition includes at least one of the following: The real-time voltage difference between the target battery and the average voltage of the battery pack is less than a preset deviation threshold. The maximum differential pressure of the battery pack is less than or equal to a preset maximum differential pressure threshold. The duration of the capacitor charging and discharging operation exceeds the preset equalization time.

7. A capacitor-type battery active balancing device, characterized in that, This circuit is applied to the active balancing circuit of capacitor-type batteries. The circuit includes a battery pack, a balancing chip pack, an energy storage capacitor pack, and a main control unit. The balancing chip pack includes n balancing chips. Each balancing chip includes a battery connection pin, a capacitor connection pin, a switching control module, and a control signal interaction pin. Adjacent balancing chips are interconnected through the control signal interaction pin. The main control unit is connected to the control signal interaction pin of the first or last balancing chip in the balancing chip pack. The battery pack includes n+1 batteries connected in series. The battery connection pin of the i-th balancing chip is connected to the i-th battery and the (i+1)-th battery, where 1≤i≤n. The energy storage capacitor bank consists of n capacitors, each of which is connected to the capacitor connection pin of the corresponding equalization chip. The active equalization device for capacitor batteries includes: The voltage detection module is used to continuously monitor the voltage value of each cell in the battery pack through the battery connection pins of each equalization chip, and send the voltage value to the main control unit. The main control calculation module is used by the main control unit to calculate the current maximum voltage difference in the battery pack at the same time. The current maximum voltage difference is the voltage difference between the battery with the highest voltage and the battery with the lowest voltage in the battery pack. The differential pressure determination module is used to determine whether the current maximum differential pressure is greater than a preset maximum differential pressure threshold. The target battery identification module is used to identify all batteries with outlier voltage values ​​from the battery pack if the current maximum voltage difference is greater than a preset maximum voltage difference threshold, and to select a target battery from the batteries with outlier voltage values ​​and record the serial number j of the target battery. The first judgment module is used to determine whether the voltage of the target battery is less than the average voltage of the battery pack. The second judgment module is used to determine whether i is less than j for the i-th equalization chip if the voltage of the target battery is less than the average voltage of the battery pack. The second equalization module is used to determine whether the voltage of the (i+1)th battery is less than the voltage of the i-th battery if i < j. If the voltage of the (i+1)th battery is less than the voltage of the i-th battery, the switching control module of the i-th equalization chip connects the capacitor connected to the i-th equalization chip to the i-th battery for charging, and then switches to the (i+1)th battery for discharging, continuously performing the capacitor charging and discharging operation at a second preset frequency until a preset stop equalization condition is met. If the voltage of the (i+1)th battery is greater than the voltage of the i-th battery, the i-th equalization chip does not perform the capacitor charging and discharging operation. The configuration step of the second preset frequency includes: calculating the distance levels between the i-th equalization chip and the target battery j. The second preset frequency of the i-th equalization chip is configured according to the distance level, wherein the larger the distance level, the smaller the corresponding second preset frequency. The third equalization module is used to determine whether the voltage of the (i+1)th battery is greater than the voltage of the ith battery if i ≥ j. If the voltage of the (i+1)th battery is greater than the voltage of the ith battery, the switching control module of the ith equalization chip connects the capacitor connected to the ith equalization chip to the (i+1)th battery for charging, and then switches to the ith battery for discharging. The capacitor charging and discharging operation is continuously performed at a second preset frequency until the preset stop equalization condition is met. If the voltage of the (i+1)th battery is less than the voltage of the ith battery, the ith equalization chip does not perform the capacitor charging and discharging operation.

8. A computer device, characterized in that, The device includes a memory and a processor, the memory storing a computer program that, when executed by the processor, causes the processor to perform the steps of the active equalization method for a capacitive battery as described in any one of claims 1 to 6.

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