Thermoelectric coupling electric energy collection and heat management system across cold and heat radiation surfaces

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of space electronic equipment energy and thermal management, and relates to a thermoelectric coupling electric energy collection and thermal management system across cold and hot radiating surfaces, which is characterized in that a thermoelectric conversion and electron emission assembly, a gradient phase change coupling microchannel electronic slide rail type collection plate, a memory alloy coupling rotary condensation impeller and an optical tweezers system are electrically connected with a storage battery respectively; the electron emission direction of the thermoelectric conversion and electron emission assembly faces the steam release direction of the super-hydrophilic evaporation bionic capillary core assembly, and electric field force and magnetic pole magnetic force drive steam to carry electrons to move towards the gradient phase change coupling microchannel electron sliding rail type collecting plate. An outlet of the gradient phase change coupling micro-channel electronic slide rail type collecting plate passes through the memory alloy coupling rotary condensation impeller and the optical tweezers system and then is communicated to a liquid inlet of the super-hydrophilic evaporation bionic capillary core assembly; according to the invention, charge-heat collaborative transport across cold and hot surfaces can be realized, so that the efficiency of an electron-steam coupling transport path is improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention belongs to the technical field of energy and thermal management of space electronic equipment, and in particular relates to an electric energy collection and thermal management system with thermoelectric coupling across hot and cold radiation surfaces. Background Art

[0002] Spacecraft need to cope with extreme temperature differences in space. Their thermal management combines active and passive technologies to achieve a thermal balance between overheating on the sunny side and overcooling on the shady side, ensuring stable operation of the equipment. Existing spacecraft on-orbit thermal management includes the following methods: 1. Traditional heat pipe + radiator, which uses the phase change of the working fluid to passively transfer the heat from the sunny side to the shady side for radiant heat dissipation. 2. Single thermoelectric generator, which converts temperature difference into electrical energy. 3. Single-phase / two-phase circuit driven by a mechanical pump. However, the existing heat exchange of space electronic equipment has the following defects:

[0003] 1. No active charge transport mechanism across hot and cold surfaces: The heat transfer efficiency is limited by the thermal conductivity of the working fluid, making it difficult to achieve rapid thermal equilibrium at the spacecraft scale.

[0004] 2. Thermoelectric conversion-electron emission-condensation collection link is broken: Traditional thermoelectric sheets cannot directly use electrical energy for electron emission and condensation enhancement, and the secondary energy conversion loss is large.

[0005] 3. Lack of adaptive variable geometry: Unable to automatically adjust the heat conduction path and condensation area when the temperature changes suddenly.

[0006] 4. Liquid directional control methods without microgravity: Condensate tends to float and accumulate, leading to deterioration of heat transfer.

[0007] Therefore, a device or method that can actively conduct heat dissipation, has low energy loss, and has strong adaptability is needed to solve the above technical problems. Summary of the Invention

[0008] The present invention provides the following technical solution: a thermoelectrically coupled electric energy collection and thermal management system across hot and cold radiation surfaces, comprising:

[0009] Thermoelectric conversion and electron emission components are used to generate electricity by absorbing solar heat and to generate electricity by emitting electrons to achieve electron flow; super-hydrophilic evaporation bionic capillary wick components are used to convert liquid into gas and mix it with electrons emitted by the thermoelectric conversion and electron emission components, so that steam can carry electrons for migration; magnetic poles are used to limit the migration direction and range of steam-carried electrons through the action of Lorentz force; batteries are used to store the electrical energy generated by the thermoelectric conversion and electron emission components and supply power to the system; gradient phase change coupled microchannel electronic slide-type collection plates are used to collect electrons, collect heat released by electrons, and collect heat released by steam; memory alloy coupled rotating condensation impellers are used to absorb the heat of the gas-liquid mixture released by the gradient phase change coupled microchannel electronic slide-type collection plates to convert the gas-liquid mixture into liquid; optical tweezers system is used to use laser beams to control the movement of tiny liquids, thereby achieving the purpose of liquid transportation.

[0010] The thermoelectric conversion and electron emission components and the gradient phase change coupled microchannel electron slide rail collecting plate are electrically connected to the battery respectively, and the battery is electrically connected to the memory alloy coupled rotating condensation impeller and the optical tweezers system respectively.

[0011] The electron emission direction of the thermoelectric conversion and electron emission component is toward the steam release direction of the super-hydrophilic evaporation bionic capillary core component. The magnetic force of the magnetic pole, the electric field force between the thermoelectric conversion and electron emission component and the gradient phase change coupled microchannel electron slide type collection plate jointly drive the steam to carry electrons to move. The steam carries electrons from the thermoelectric conversion and electron emission component to the gradient phase change coupled microchannel electron slide type collection plate. An electric field force is generated between the metal plate and the collection plate, and the steam and electrons move under the action of the electric field force and the magnetic force; the gas-liquid mixture outlet of the gradient phase change coupled microchannel electron slide type collection plate is connected to the inlet of the memory alloy coupled rotary condensation impeller, and the outlet of the memory alloy coupled rotary condensation impeller is connected to the liquid inlet of the super-hydrophilic evaporation bionic capillary core component after passing through the optical tweezers system.

[0012] Preferably, the optical tweezers system includes a laser, the outlet of the memory alloy coupled rotating condensing impeller is connected to the laser, the emission port of the laser is connected to the inlet of the beam expansion system, the outlet of the beam expansion system is facing the incident direction of the dichroic mirror, the refraction direction of the dichroic mirror is toward the incident direction of the objective lens, the emission direction of the objective lens is toward the XYZ three-axis translation stage, the XYZ three-axis translation stage is connected to the inlet of the adaptive thermal response bellows, and the outlet of the adaptive thermal response bellows is connected to the liquid delivery main pipeline of the super-hydrophilic evaporation bionic capillary wick assembly.

[0013] More preferably, the thermoelectric conversion and electron emission component includes: a P-type carrier-dominated thermoelectric energy conversion unit and an N-type carrier-dominated thermoelectric energy conversion unit, both of which are connected to a gradient conductive emission integrated slide-type metal plate, and stress-resistance coupling shape memory alloys or structure-conductivity coupling carbon springs are arranged at intervals between the gradient conductive emission integrated slide-type metal plates, and the contraction and extension of the stress-resistance coupling shape memory alloys and structure-conductivity coupling carbon springs realize high-temperature and low-temperature working modes; an electric field force is generated between the gradient conductive emission integrated slide-type metal plate and the gradient phase change coupled microchannel electron slide-type collection plate.

[0014] More preferably, the liquid flow channel of the super-hydrophilic evaporation bionic capillary wick component is provided with the following structures in sequence along the liquid flow direction: a super-hydrophilic conical capillary wick structure, a plant stomata-shaped bionic capillary wick structure, a gas phase fluid delivery pipeline, and a leaf vein-shaped bionic fractal micro-groove. The liquid delivery main pipeline is connected to the super-hydrophilic conical capillary wick structure, and the leaf vein-shaped bionic fractal micro-groove is connected to the gas delivery main pipeline. The steam release direction of the gas delivery main pipeline is toward the electron emission direction of the thermoelectric conversion and electron emission component.

[0015] More preferably, the leaf vein-like bionic fractal micro-channel presents a vein-like bionic structure, and the leaf vein-like bionic fractal micro-channel is used to vaporize liquid.

[0016] More preferably, the gradient phase change coupled microchannel electron slide rail collection plate is provided with: an electron collecting layer, a phase change buffer layer, a microchannel topology convection heat exchange layer, and a gradient cooling wall in sequence along the incident direction of steam-carried electrons. The electron collecting layer is used to collect electrons, the phase change buffer layer is used to absorb all the heat released when collecting electrons and partially absorb the heat released when the gas is converted into liquid, and the microchannel topology convection heat exchange layer and the gradient cooling wall are used to absorb the remaining heat.

[0017] More preferably, the electron bus layer is made of a metal material with good conductivity, the phase change buffer layer is made of a solid-liquid phase change heat storage material, and the microchannel topology convection heat exchange layer and the gradient cooling wall are respectively made of high-efficiency heat absorption materials.

[0018] More preferably, a memory alloy impeller is provided in the memory alloy coupled rotary condensing impeller, the memory alloy impeller is fixedly connected to a shaft, the shaft drives the memory alloy impeller to rotate, the memory alloy impeller is made of memory alloy, and a blade gap is provided between the memory alloy impeller and the housing.

[0019] More preferably, a phase change microcapsule layer is provided in the wall of the adaptive thermal responsive bellows, and a capillary channel is provided in the liquid phase passage of the adaptive thermal responsive bellows, which is connected to the super-hydrophilic evaporation bionic capillary core component.

[0020] More preferably, the thermoelectric conversion and electron emission component, super-hydrophilic evaporation bionic capillary core component, magnetic pole, gradient phase change coupled microchannel electronic slide-type collection plate, memory alloy coupled rotary condensation impeller, and optical tweezers system are respectively arranged around the outside of the cylindrical spacecraft cabin, with the thermoelectric conversion and electron emission component and super-hydrophilic evaporation bionic capillary core component located on the positive side, and the gradient phase change coupled microchannel electronic slide-type collection plate and memory alloy coupled rotary condensation impeller located on the negative side; the magnetic pole and the optical tweezers system are respectively located between the thermoelectric conversion and electron emission component and the gradient phase change coupled microchannel electronic slide-type collection plate.

[0021] The beneficial effects of the present invention are:

[0022] 1. The present invention can realize the coordinated transport of charge and heat across the hot and cold surfaces, thereby improving the efficiency of the electron-vapor coupled transport path.

[0023] 2. The present invention can achieve energy self-sufficiency, thermoelectric conversion → battery → optical tweezers / impeller, and the system requires zero external power supply, thus effectively reducing the energy consumption of spacecraft.

[0024] 3. The present invention can perform adaptive geometric adjustment, and the memory alloy slide rail and the impeller automatically optimize the emission area and the condensation area according to the temperature, so the adaptability is strong.

[0025] 4. The present invention can perform microgravity liquid management, and the optical tweezers + bellows capillary achieve zero pumping and reflux of the condensate, avoid floating blockage, and improve condensation efficiency. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0026] Figure 1 Schematic diagram of a thermoelectrically coupled electric energy collection and thermal management system across hot and cold radiation surfaces according to the present invention;

[0027] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the spacecraft extravehicular operation arrangement of the present invention;

[0028] Figure 3 Schematic diagram of two working modes of the thermoelectric conversion and electron emission components of the present invention;

[0029] Figure 4 Schematic diagram of the structure of the super-hydrophilic evaporation bionic capillary wick component of the present invention;

[0030] Figure 5 This is a schematic structural diagram of the gradient phase change coupled microchannel electron slide rail collection plate of the present invention;

[0031] Figure 6 This is a schematic structural diagram of the memory alloy coupled rotating condensing impeller of the present invention;

[0032] Figure 7Schematic diagram of the structure of the adaptive thermal response bellows of the present invention.

[0033] In the figure, 1. Thermoelectric conversion and electron emission component; 2. Super-hydrophilic evaporation bionic capillary core component; 3. Magnetic pole; 4. Battery; 5. Gradient phase change coupled microchannel electronic slide rail collection plate; 6. Memory alloy coupled rotating condensation impeller; 7. First valve; 8. Laser; 9. Beam expansion system; 10. Dichroic mirror; 11. Objective lens; 12. XYZ three-axis translation stage; 13. Reflector; 14. CMOS camera; 15. Adaptive thermal response bellows; 16. Second valve; 17. Spacecraft shell; 18. Spacecraft cabin environment; 19. Retractable slide rail; 101. P-type carrier-dominated thermoelectric energy conversion unit; 102. N-type carrier-dominated thermoelectric energy conversion unit; 103. Gradient conductive emission integrated slide rail metal plate; 104. Stress-resistance coupled shape memory alloy; 105. Structural-conductive coupled carbon spring; 106. First photosensitive sensor stopper; 201, super-hydrophilic conical capillary wick structure; 202, plant stomata-like bionic capillary wick structure; 203, gas phase fluid delivery pipeline; 204, leaf vein-like bionic fractal micro-grooves; 205, gas delivery trunk pipeline; 206, liquid delivery trunk pipeline; 207, liquid delivery branch pipeline; 301, S pole; 302, N pole; 501, electron bus layer; 502, phase change buffer layer; 5 03. Microchannel topology convection heat transfer layer; 504. Gradient cooling wall; 505. Second photosensor limiter; 601. Mixed-phase inlet; 602. Mixed-phase ring; 603. Memory alloy impeller; 604. Liquid; 605. Shaft; 606. First liquid-phase outlet; 1501. Liquid-phase inlet; 1502. Phase-change microcapsule layer; 1053. Corrugated shell; 1504. Liquid-phase passage; 1505. Second liquid-phase outlet. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0034] The following will provide a clear and complete description of the relevant technologies in the present invention in conjunction with the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the embodiments described are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of them. All other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field based on the embodiments of the present invention without making any creative efforts shall fall within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0035] like Figures 1 to 7As shown, the working process of this specific embodiment is as follows: the thermoelectric conversion and electron emission component 1 absorbs solar heat and partially converts it into electrical energy; the gradient conductive emission integrated slide-type metal plate 103 simultaneously realizes the functions of a conductive sheet and an emission electrode, and the gradient conductive emission integrated slide-type metal plate 103 has good conductivity and a certain mechanical strength, as well as a lower work function so that electrons can escape from the surface more easily. In terms of structure, the slide rail must be able to withstand high current density and high voltage while ensuring that electrons can be effectively emitted. Therefore, it is necessary to comprehensively consider the selection of materials and structural design. The material can be a metal material with low work function and good conductivity, such as tungsten, molybdenum, etc., which can emit electrons and move under the control of the external electric field formed by the gradient conductive emission integrated slide-type metal plate 103 and the gradient phase change coupled microchannel electron slide-type collection plate 5 and the external magnetic field formed by the S pole 301 and the N pole 302. The electron collector layer 501 is made of a metal material with good electrical conductivity, such as stainless steel or copper alloy, the phase change buffer layer 502 is made of a solid-liquid phase change heat storage material, and the microchannel topology convection heat transfer layer 503 is covered with a layer of high-efficiency heat absorption material, such as a metal-ceramic composite film. In addition, the gas-liquid phase change material in the super-hydrophilic evaporation bionic capillary wick component 2 located between the P-type carrier-dominated thermoelectric energy conversion unit 101 and the N-type carrier-dominated thermoelectric energy conversion unit 102 of the thermoelectric conversion and electron emission component 1 evaporates from liquid to gas under heat, wherein the gas-liquid phase change material can be Coated perfluoropentane microemulsion, Nanosheet / ammonia composite working fluids, as well as titanium dioxide electromagnetic nanoparticles, can be controlled by electric and magnetic fields. Plant-like pore-like biomimetic capillary wick structures 202 promote better steam generation (biomimetic is its characteristic), and leaf-vein-like biomimetic fractal microchannels 204 enhance heat exchange. Gas flows through plant-like pore-like biomimetic capillary wick structures 202, then through gas-phase fluid delivery pipelines 203, then through leaf-vein-like biomimetic fractal microchannels 204, and finally through gas delivery trunk pipelines 205. This then drives electrons emitted from the gradient conductive emission integrated slide-type metal plate 103 to move in a circular motion outside the spacecraft cabin, controlled by electric and magnetic fields. An electric field force is generated between the metal plate and the collector plate, and the steam and electrons, under the combined action of the electric field force and the magnetic force of the magnetic poles, move in a circular motion around the cabin. The gas and electrons then pass through a phase-change coupled microchannel electronic slide-type collection plate 5, which is divided into three layers. The electron bus layer 501 collects electrons, while the phase-change buffer layer 502 absorbs all the heat released during electron collection, as well as some of the heat released when the gas is converted to liquid. The heat is then absorbed further through the microchannel topology convection heat exchange layer 503 and the gradient cooling wall 504. The gas-liquid mixture then enters the shape memory alloy coupled rotating condensing impeller 6, where it continues to release heat. Here, the gas is completely converted to liquid, while heat is also transferred to the negative side. Furthermore, the shape memory alloy impeller 603 is made of shape memory alloy. In the cold environment of the negative side, the alloy deforms and contracts due to the low temperature. This contraction force squeezes the gas, reducing the distance between gas molecules and making it easier to liquefy. When a high-temperature fluid passes through, the alloy returns to its original shape and continues to contract in the cold environment. Furthermore, the presence of three shape memory alloy coupled rotating condensing impellers 6 ensures that the gas is completely converted to liquid. The liquid then enters the optical tweezers system, comprised of a laser 8, a beam expansion system 9, a dichroic mirror 10, an objective lens 11, an XYZ three-axis translation stage 12, a reflector 13, and a CMOS camera 14. This system uses the laser beam to control the movement of the tiny liquid, thereby transporting it to the adaptive thermally responsive bellows 15. The adaptive thermally responsive bellows 15 and the super-hydrophilic tapered capillary wick structure 201 further promote the capillary process of the liquid, allowing it to be better absorbed into the super-hydrophilic evaporative biomimetic capillary wick assembly 2, completing a cycle.

[0036] In addition, the electrical energy of the memory alloy coupled rotating condensation impeller 6 and the optical tweezers system can be supplied by the battery 4, and the energy of the battery 4 comes from the electrical energy converted from the P-type carrier-dominated thermoelectric energy conversion unit 101 and the N-type carrier-dominated thermoelectric energy conversion unit 102.

[0037] In addition, stress-resistance coupling shape memory alloy 104 and structure-conductivity coupling carbon spring 105 are distributed between the gradient conductive emission integrated slide rail metal plates 103, and the contraction and stretching of the two simultaneously realize high temperature and low temperature working modes.

[0038] In addition, there is a retractable slide rail 19 outside the spacecraft cabin. The gradient conductive emission integrated slide rail metal plate 103 and the gradient phase change coupled microchannel electronic slide rail collection plate 5 can slide on the retractable slide rail 19. The sliding stop position is controlled by the first photosensor limiter 106 and the second photosensor limiter 505. The photosensors thereon can track the sun to achieve continuous absorption and conversion of heat.

[0039] Thermoelectric-electron emission module: Introduces PN-type thermoelectric conversion material + memory alloy slide rail dual-mode emission. The P-type carrier-dominated thermoelectric energy conversion unit 101 and the N-type carrier-dominated thermoelectric energy conversion unit 102 are electrically connected to the electron bus layer 501 via the slide rails of the gradient conductive emission integrated slide rail metal plate 103. High temperature on the anode side → P-type carrier-dominated thermoelectric energy conversion units 101 and N-type carrier-dominated thermoelectric energy conversion units 102 generate electricity → the memory alloy in the gradient conductive emission integrated slide rail metal plate 103 expands / contracts → the surface work function is dynamically adjusted → electrons are emitted in a directional manner.

[0040] Evaporation-electron collaborative module: The super-hydrophilic capillary wick generates a directional steam flow, which flows sequentially through the plant stomata-shaped bionic capillary wick structure 202 → the gas phase fluid delivery pipeline 203 → the gas delivery trunk pipeline 205 → and is spatially coupled with the emission area of ​​the thermoelectric conversion and electron emission component 1.

[0041] Magnetic-electric confinement module: S / N magnetic poles + electric field form a closed drift orbit, with the S pole 301 and N pole 302 located outside the spacecraft shell 17; electron-vapor moves around the outside of the cabin under the action of the Lorentz force to avoid loss.

[0042] Gradient collection-refrigeration module: three layers of gradient phase change collection plates + gradient cooling wall, the connection method includes in sequence: electron collection layer 501 → phase change buffer layer 502 → microchannel topology convection heat exchange layer 503 → gradient cooling wall 504 electrically connected to battery 4; electrons are captured by the electron collection layer 501 → electrical energy is stored in battery 4 → gradient cooling wall 504 condenses steam.

[0043] Memory alloy condensation module: The memory alloy impeller 603 adaptively expands / contracts. The memory alloy impeller 603 is fixed to the shaft 605 and docks with the outlet of the gradient cooling wall 504. Temperature decreases → memory alloy impeller 603 contracts → blade gap decreases → condensation efficiency improves.

[0044] Optical tweezers-capillary transport module: laser optical tweezers + bellows capillary coupling, laser 8 → beam expansion system 9 → dichroic mirror 10 → objective lens 11 → XYZ three-axis translation stage 12 → adaptive thermal response bellows 15; the condensed liquid is directionally pushed into the liquid phase inlet 1501 by the optical tweezers → secondary cooling through the phase change microcapsule layer 1502 → reflux through the capillary channel of the liquid phase passage 1504 to the super-hydrophilic evaporation bionic capillary core component 2.

[0045] The key technical points of this embodiment are:

[0046] 1. PN-memory alloy collaborative electron emission mechanism: The P-type carrier-dominated thermoelectric energy conversion unit 101, the N-type carrier-dominated thermoelectric energy conversion unit 102 and the stress-resistance coupled memory alloy 104 are integrated to achieve dual-mode (high-temperature elongation / low-temperature contraction) dynamic adjustment of the work function, serving as the core of electron directional emission.

[0047] 2. The three-layer gradient phase change coupled microchannel electron slide rail collection plate 5 is an integrated electron collection layer 501, a phase change buffer layer 502, a microchannel topology convection heat exchange layer 503, and a gradient cooling wall 504, completing the triple functions of electron collection, electrical energy storage, and steam condensation.

[0048] 3. Memory alloy-optical tweezers closed-loop liquid transport: The memory alloy impeller 603 adaptively condenses and is combined with the laser 8, beam expansion system 9, dichroic mirror 10, objective lens 11, and XYZ three-axis translation stage 12 to jointly push the optical tweezers in a directional manner and match the adaptive thermal response bellows 15 capillary reflux to achieve zero pumping circulation of the condensate under microgravity.

[0049] 4. Magnetic-electric cooperative orbital confinement: The S pole 301 and the N pole 302 are coupled with the electric field to form a closed drift orbit, which prevents the diffusion loss of electrons and vapor in a vacuum environment.

[0050] In summary, the present invention can achieve coordinated charge-heat transport across hot and cold surfaces, thereby improving the efficiency of the electron-vapor coupled transport path.

[0051] It should be emphasized that the above are only preferred embodiments of the present invention and do not limit the present invention in any form. Any simple modifications, equivalent changes and modifications made to the above embodiments based on the technical essence of the present invention are still within the scope of the technical solution of the present invention.

Claims

1. A thermoelectric coupled power collection and thermal management system across hot and cold radiation surfaces, characterized in that: include: A thermoelectric conversion and electron emission component (1) for generating electricity by absorbing solar heat and generating electricity by emitting electrons to realize electron flow; A super-hydrophilic evaporation bionic capillary wick component (2) is used to convert liquid into gas and mix it with the electrons emitted by the thermoelectric conversion and electron emission component (1), so that the steam can carry the electrons for migration; Magnetic poles (3) are used to limit the migration direction and travel of steam-carrying electrons through the action of Lorentz force; A storage battery (4) for storing the electrical energy generated by the thermoelectric conversion and electron emission assembly (1) and supplying power to the system; A gradient phase change coupled microchannel electron slide rail collecting plate (5) is used to collect electrons, collect heat released by electrons, and collect heat released by steam; A memory alloy coupled rotating condensing impeller (6) is used to absorb the heat of the gas-liquid mixture released by the gradient phase change coupled microchannel electronic slide rail collecting plate (5) so as to convert the gas-liquid mixture into liquid; Optical tweezers system, which uses laser beams to control the movement of tiny liquids, thereby achieving the purpose of liquid transportation; The thermoelectric conversion and electron emission component (1) and the gradient phase change coupled microchannel electron slide rail collection plate (5) are respectively electrically connected to the battery (4), and the battery (4) is respectively electrically connected to the memory alloy coupled rotating condensation impeller (6) and the optical tweezers system; The electron emission direction of the thermoelectric conversion and electron emission component (1) is toward the steam release direction of the super-hydrophilic evaporation bionic capillary core component (2), and the magnetic force of the magnetic pole (3), the electric field force between the thermoelectric conversion and electron emission component (1) and the gradient phase change coupled microchannel electron slide type collection plate (5) jointly drive the steam-carrying electrons to move, and the steam-carrying electrons move from the thermoelectric conversion and electron emission component (1) to the gradient phase change coupled microchannel electron slide type collection plate (5), and the gas-liquid mixture outlet of the gradient phase change coupled microchannel electron slide type collection plate (5) is connected to the inlet of the memory alloy coupled rotary condensation impeller (6), and the outlet of the memory alloy coupled rotary condensation impeller (6) is connected to the liquid inlet of the super-hydrophilic evaporation bionic capillary core component (2) after passing through the optical tweezers system.

2. The thermoelectric coupled electric energy collection and thermal management system across hot and cold radiation surfaces according to claim 1, characterized in that: The optical tweezers system includes a laser (8), an outlet of the memory alloy coupled rotating condensation impeller (6) is connected to the laser (8), an emission port of the laser (8) is connected to an inlet of a beam expansion system (9), an outlet of the beam expansion system (9) faces the incident direction of a dichroic mirror (10), a refraction direction of the dichroic mirror (10) faces the incident direction of an objective lens (11), an emission direction of the objective lens (11) faces an XYZ three-axis translation stage (12), the XYZ three-axis translation stage (12) is connected to the inlet of an adaptive thermal response bellows (15), and an outlet of the adaptive thermal response bellows (15) is connected to a liquid delivery trunk pipeline (206) of the super-hydrophilic evaporation bionic capillary core component (2).

3. The thermoelectric coupled electric energy collection and thermal management system across hot and cold radiation surfaces according to claim 2, characterized in that: The thermoelectric conversion and electron emission component (1) comprises: a P-type carrier-dominated thermoelectric energy conversion unit (101) and an N-type carrier-dominated thermoelectric energy conversion unit (102); the P-type carrier-dominated thermoelectric energy conversion unit (101) and the N-type carrier-dominated thermoelectric energy conversion unit (102) are both connected with gradient conductive emission integrated slide-type metal plates (103); stress-resistance coupling type shape memory alloys (104) or structure-conductivity coupling type carbon springs (105) are arranged at intervals between the gradient conductive emission integrated slide-type metal plates (103); an electric field force is generated between the gradient conductive emission integrated slide-type metal plates (103) and the gradient phase change coupled microchannel electron slide-type collecting plate (5).

4. The thermoelectric coupled electric energy collection and thermal management system across hot and cold radiation surfaces according to claim 2, characterized in that: The liquid flow channel of the super-hydrophilic evaporation bionic capillary wick component (2) is provided with the following structures in sequence along the liquid flow direction: a super-hydrophilic conical capillary wick structure (201), a plant pore-like bionic capillary wick structure (202), a gas phase fluid delivery pipeline (203), and a leaf vein-like bionic fractal micro-groove (204); the liquid delivery main pipeline (206) is connected to the super-hydrophilic conical capillary wick structure (201); the leaf vein-like bionic fractal micro-groove (204) is connected to the gas delivery main pipeline (205); and the steam release direction of the gas delivery main pipeline (205) is toward the electron emission direction of the thermoelectric conversion and electron emission component (1).

5. The thermoelectric coupled electric energy collection and thermal management system across hot and cold radiation surfaces according to claim 4, characterized in that: The leaf vein-shaped bionic fractal micro-channel (204) presents a vein-shaped bionic structure, and the leaf vein-shaped bionic fractal micro-channel (204) is used to vaporize liquid.

6. The thermoelectric coupled electric energy collection and thermal management system across hot and cold radiation surfaces according to claim 2, characterized in that: The gradient phase change coupled microchannel electron slide rail type collection plate (5) is provided with: an electron collection layer (501), a phase change buffer layer (502), a microchannel topology convection heat exchange layer (503), and a gradient cooling wall surface (504) in sequence along the incident direction of steam-carried electrons. The electron collection layer (501) is used to collect electrons, the phase change buffer layer (502) is used to absorb all the heat released when collecting electrons and partially absorb the heat released when gas is converted into liquid, and the microchannel topology convection heat exchange layer (503) and the gradient cooling wall surface (504) are used to absorb the remaining heat.

7. The thermoelectric coupled electric energy collection and thermal management system across hot and cold radiation surfaces according to claim 6, characterized in that: The electron converging layer (501) is made of a metal material with good electrical conductivity, the phase change buffer layer (502) is made of a solid-liquid phase change heat storage material, and the microchannel topology convection heat exchange layer (503) and the gradient cooling wall surface (504) are respectively made of high-efficiency heat absorption materials.

8. The thermoelectric coupled electric energy collection and thermal management system across hot and cold radiation surfaces according to claim 2, characterized in that: A memory alloy impeller (603) is provided in the memory alloy coupled rotary condensing impeller (6); the memory alloy impeller (603) is fixedly connected to a shaft (605); the shaft (605) drives the memory alloy impeller (603) to rotate; the memory alloy impeller (603) is made of memory alloy; and a blade gap is provided between the memory alloy impeller (603) and the housing.

9. The thermoelectric coupled electric energy collection and thermal management system across hot and cold radiation surfaces according to claim 2, characterized in that: A phase change microcapsule layer (1502) is provided in the wall of the adaptive thermal response bellows (15), and a capillary channel is provided in the liquid phase passage (1504) of the adaptive thermal response bellows (15), and the capillary channel is connected to the super-hydrophilic evaporation bionic capillary wick component (2).

10. The thermoelectric coupled electric energy collection and thermal management system across hot and cold radiation surfaces according to claim 2, characterized in that: The thermoelectric conversion and electron emission component (1), the super-hydrophilic evaporation bionic capillary core component (2), the magnetic pole (3), the gradient phase change coupled microchannel electron slide rail type collection plate (5), the memory alloy coupled rotary condensation impeller (6), and the optical tweezers system are respectively arranged around the outside of the cylindrical spacecraft cabin, the thermoelectric conversion and electron emission component (1) and the super-hydrophilic evaporation bionic capillary core component (2) are located on the positive side, and the gradient phase change coupled microchannel electron slide rail type collection plate (5) and the memory alloy coupled rotary condensation impeller (6) are located on the negative side; the magnetic pole (3) and the optical tweezers system are respectively located between the thermoelectric conversion and electron emission component (1) and the gradient phase change coupled microchannel electron slide rail type collection plate (5).

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