The invention, which belongs to the technical field of artificial intelligence and control, relates to a neural network and enhanced learning algorithm, particularly to an inverted pendulum control method based on a neural network and reinforced learning, thereby carrying out self studying to complete control on an inverted pendulum. The method is characterized in that: step one, obtaining inverted pendulum system model information; step two, obtaining state information of an inverted pendulum and initializing a neural network; step three, carrying out and completing ELM training by using a straining sample SAM; step four, controlling the inverted pendulum by using an enhanced learning controller; step five, updating the training sample and a BP neural network; and step six, checking whether a control result meets a learning termination condition; if not, returning to the step two to carry out circulation continuously; and if so, finishing the algorithm. According to the invention, a problem of easy occurrence of a curse of dimensionality in continuous state space as well as a control problem of a non-linear system having a continuous state can be solved effectively; and the updating speed becomes fast.