A thermoelectric coupling across a cold-hot radiation surface for electric energy harvesting and thermal management

Abstract

The present application belongs to the technical field of space electronic equipment energy and heat management, and relates to a thermoelectric coupling cross-cool and hot radiation surface electric energy collection and heat management system, a thermoelectric conversion and electron emission assembly, a gradient phase change coupling micro-channel electron sliding rail type collection plate, a memory alloy coupling rotary condensing impeller, and a light tweezers system which are respectively electrically connected to a storage battery; the electron emission direction of the thermoelectric conversion and electron emission assembly is oriented to the steam release direction of the super-hydrophilic evaporation biomimetic capillary core assembly, the electric field force and the magnetic pole magnetic force drive the steam carrying electrons to move to the gradient phase change coupling micro-channel electron sliding rail type collection plate, and the outlet of the gradient phase change coupling micro-channel electron sliding rail type collection plate is connected to the liquid inlet of the super-hydrophilic evaporation biomimetic capillary core assembly through the memory alloy coupling rotary condensing impeller and the light tweezers system; the present application can realize the cross-cool and hot surface charge-heat collaborative transport, so that the electron-steam coupling transport path efficiency is improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of energy and thermal management technology for space electronic equipment, specifically relating to a thermoelectric coupling power harvesting and thermal management system across cold and hot radiation surfaces. Background Technology

[0002] Spacecraft in space must cope with extreme temperature differences. Their thermal management combines active and passive technologies to achieve a thermal balance, preventing overheating on the sunlit side and overcooling on the shaded side, ensuring stable equipment operation. Current on-orbit thermal management methods for spacecraft include: 1. Traditional heat pipes + radiators, using a phase change in the working fluid to passively conduct heat from the sunlit side to the shaded side for radiative dissipation. 2. A single thermoelectric generator, converting temperature differences into electrical energy. 3. Single-phase / two-phase circuits driven by mechanical pumps. However, existing heat exchange systems for space electronic equipment have the following drawbacks:

[0003] 1. No active charge transport mechanism across hot and cold surfaces: Heat transfer efficiency is limited by the thermal conductivity of the working fluid, making it difficult to achieve rapid thermal equilibrium on a spacecraft scale.

[0004] 2. Thermoelectric conversion-electron emission-condensation collection link is broken: Traditional thermoelectric elements cannot directly use electrical energy for electron emission and condensation enhancement, resulting in significant energy loss during secondary conversion.

[0005] 3. Lack of adaptive variable geometry: It cannot automatically adjust the heat conduction path and condensation area when there are sudden temperature changes.

[0006] 4. Liquid orientation control methods in the absence of microgravity: Condensate is prone to floating and accumulating, leading to deterioration of heat exchange.

[0007] Therefore, a device or method is needed that can actively conduct heat dissipation with minimal energy loss and strong adaptability to solve the above-mentioned technical problems. Summary of the Invention

[0008] This invention provides the following technical solution: a thermoelectric coupling power harvesting and thermal management system across cold and hot radiation surfaces, comprising:

[0009] Thermoelectric conversion and electron emission components are used to generate electricity by absorbing solar heat and by emitting electrons to achieve electron flow power generation; superhydrophilic evaporation biomimetic capillary core components are used to convert liquid into gas and mix it with electrons emitted by the thermoelectric conversion and electron emission components, allowing vapor to carry electrons for migration; magnetic poles are used to limit the migration direction and path of vapor carrying electrons through Lorentz force; a storage battery is used to store the electrical energy generated by the thermoelectric conversion and electron emission components and supply power to the system; a gradient phase change coupled microchannel electron slide rail collection plate is used to collect electrons, the heat released by electrons, and the heat released by vapor; a shape memory alloy coupled rotary condenser impeller is used to absorb the heat of the gas-liquid mixture released by the gradient phase change coupled microchannel electron slide rail collection plate, causing the gas-liquid mixture to convert into liquid; and an optical tweezers system is used to control the movement of tiny liquids using a laser beam, thereby achieving the purpose of liquid transport.

[0010] The thermoelectric conversion and electron emission components and the gradient phase change coupled microchannel electronic slide rail collection plate are electrically connected to the battery, and the battery is electrically connected to the shape memory alloy coupled rotating condenser impeller and optical tweezers system.

[0011] The electron emission direction of the thermoelectric conversion and electron emission component is oriented towards the vapor release direction of the superhydrophilic evaporation biomimetic capillary wick component. The magnetic force of the magnetic poles and the electric field force between the thermoelectric conversion and electron emission component and the gradient phase change coupled microchannel electron slide rail collection plate jointly drive the vapor to carry electrons. The vapor carrying electrons moves from the thermoelectric conversion and electron emission component towards the gradient phase change coupled microchannel electron slide rail collection plate. An electric field force is generated between the metal plate and the collection plate. The vapor and electrons move under the action of electric field force and magnetic force. The gas-liquid mixture outlet of the gradient phase change coupled microchannel electron slide rail collection plate is connected to the inlet of the shape memory alloy coupled rotating condenser impeller. The outlet of the shape memory alloy coupled rotating condenser impeller is connected to the liquid inlet of the superhydrophilic evaporation biomimetic capillary wick component after passing through the optical tweezers system.

[0012] Preferably, the optical tweezers system includes a laser, the outlet of a shape memory alloy coupled rotating condenser impeller is connected to the laser, the laser's emission port is connected to the inlet of a beam expander system, the outlet of the beam expander system is directly opposite the incident direction of a dichroic mirror, the refraction direction of the dichroic mirror is towards the incident direction of the objective lens, the exit direction of the objective lens is towards the XYZ three-axis displacement stage, the XYZ three-axis displacement stage is connected to the inlet of an adaptive thermal response bellows, and the outlet of the adaptive thermal response bellows is connected to the liquid delivery main pipeline of the superhydrophilic evaporation biomimetic capillary core assembly.

[0013] More preferably, the thermoelectric conversion and electron emission assembly includes: a P-type carrier-dominated thermoelectric energy conversion unit and an N-type carrier-dominated thermoelectric energy conversion unit. Each of the P-type carrier-dominated thermoelectric energy conversion unit and the N-type carrier-dominated thermoelectric energy conversion unit is connected to a gradient conductive emission integrated slide rail metal plate. Stress-resistance coupled shape memory alloy or structure-conductive coupled carbon springs are spaced apart between the gradient conductive emission integrated slide rail metal plates. The contraction and extension of the stress-resistance coupled shape memory alloy and the structure-conductive coupled carbon springs enable two operating modes: high temperature and low temperature. An electric field force is generated between the gradient conductive emission integrated slide rail metal plate and the gradient phase change coupled microchannel electron slide rail collection plate.

[0014] More preferably, the superhydrophilic evaporation biomimetic capillary assembly has the following sequentially arranged along the liquid flow direction in the liquid flow channel: a superhydrophilic conical capillary structure, a plant stomata-like biomimetic capillary structure, a gas phase fluid transport pipeline, and a leaf vein-like biomimetic fractal microchannel. The main liquid transport pipeline is connected to the superhydrophilic conical capillary structure, and the leaf vein-like biomimetic fractal microchannel is connected to the main gas transport pipeline. The vapor release direction of the main gas transport pipeline is towards the electron emission direction of the thermoelectric conversion and electron emission assembly.

[0015] More preferably, the leaf vein-like biomimetic fractal microchannel has a vein-like biomimetic structure and is used to vaporize liquid.

[0016] More preferably, the gradient phase change coupled microchannel electron slide rail type collecting plate is provided with the following in sequence along the incident direction of the vapor carrying electrons: an electron confluence layer, a phase change buffer layer, a microchannel topology convection heat transfer layer, and a gradient cooling wall. The electron confluence layer is used to collect electrons, the phase change buffer layer is used to absorb all the heat released when collecting electrons and part of the heat released when the gas turns into liquid, and the microchannel topology convection heat transfer layer and the gradient cooling wall are used to absorb the remaining heat.

[0017] More preferably, the electron busbar is made of a metal material with good electrical conductivity, the phase change buffer layer is made of a solid-liquid phase change heat storage material, and the microchannel topology convection heat transfer layer and the gradient cooling wall are made of high-efficiency heat-absorbing materials.

[0018] More preferably, the shape memory alloy coupled rotating condensing impeller is provided with a shape memory alloy impeller, the shape memory alloy impeller is fixedly connected to the shaft, the shaft drives the shape memory alloy impeller to rotate, the shape memory alloy impeller is made of shape memory alloy, and there is a blade gap between the shape memory alloy impeller and the shell.

[0019] More preferably, the adaptive thermal response bellows has a phase change microcapsule layer inside its wall, and the liquid phase passage of the adaptive thermal response bellows has a capillary channel, which is connected to the superhydrophilic evaporation biomimetic capillary core assembly.

[0020] More preferably, the thermoelectric conversion and electron emission assembly, the superhydrophilic evaporation biomimetic capillary assembly, the magnetic poles, the gradient phase change coupled microchannel electron slide rail collection plate, the shape memory alloy coupled rotating condenser impeller, and the optical tweezers system are respectively arranged around the cylindrical spacecraft cabin. The thermoelectric conversion and electron emission assembly and the superhydrophilic evaporation biomimetic capillary assembly are located on the sunlit side, while the gradient phase change coupled microchannel electron slide rail collection plate and the shape memory alloy coupled rotating condenser impeller are located on the shaded side. The magnetic poles and the optical tweezers system are respectively located between the thermoelectric conversion and electron emission assembly and the gradient phase change coupled microchannel electron slide rail collection plate.

[0021] The beneficial effects of this invention are:

[0022] 1. This invention enables the coordinated transport of charge and heat across hot and cold surfaces, thereby improving the efficiency of the electron-vapor coupling transport path.

[0023] 2. This invention can achieve energy self-sufficiency, thermoelectric conversion → battery → optical tweezers / impeller, the system has zero external power supply, thus effectively reducing the energy consumption of spacecraft.

[0024] 3. This invention can perform adaptive geometric adjustment. The shape memory alloy slide rail and impeller automatically optimize the emission area and condensation area according to the temperature, thus having strong adaptability.

[0025] 4. This invention enables microgravity liquid management, and optical tweezers + bellows capillary achieve zero-pumping reflux of condensate, avoiding floating and clogging, and improving condensation efficiency. Attached Figure Description

[0026] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of a thermoelectrically coupled power harvesting and thermal management system across cold and hot radiation surfaces according to the present invention.

[0027] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the spacecraft's external layout and operation according to the present invention;

[0028] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram showing two operating modes of the thermoelectric conversion and electron emission assembly of the present invention;

[0029] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the superhydrophilic evaporation biomimetic capillary core assembly structure of the present invention;

[0030] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the gradient phase change coupled microchannel electronic slide rail collection plate of the present invention;

[0031] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the shape memory alloy coupled rotating condenser impeller of the present invention;

[0032] Figure 7This is a schematic diagram of the adaptive thermal response bellows of the present invention.

[0033] In the diagram, 1. Thermoelectric conversion and electron emission assembly; 2. Superhydrophilic evaporation biomimetic capillary core assembly; 3. Magnetic pole; 4. Battery; 5. Gradient phase change coupled microchannel electron sliding rail collection plate; 6. Shape memory alloy coupled rotating condenser impeller; 7. First valve; 8. Laser; 9. Beam expander system; 10. Dichroic mirror; 11. Objective lens; 12. XYZ three-axis displacement stage; 13. Reflector; 14. CMOS camera; 15. Adaptive thermal response bellows; 16. Second valve; 17. Spacecraft outer shell; 18. Spacecraft cabin environment; 19. Retractable sliding rail; 101. P-type carrier-dominated thermoelectric energy conversion unit; 102. N-type carrier-dominated thermoelectric energy conversion unit; 103. Gradient conductive emission integrated sliding rail metal plate; 104. Stress-resistance coupled shape memory alloy; 105. Structure-conductive coupled carbon spring; 106. First photosensitive sensor limiter; 201, superhydrophilic conical capillary structure; 202, plant stomatal biomimetic capillary structure; 203, gas phase fluid transport pipeline; 204, leaf vein-like biomimetic fractal microchannel; 205, gas transport main pipeline; 206, liquid transport main pipeline; 207, liquid transport branch pipeline; 301, S pole; 302, N pole; 501, electron busbar layer; 502, phase change buffer layer; 5 03. Microchannel topology convection heat transfer layer; 504. Gradient cooling wall; 505. Second photosensitive sensor limiter; 601. Mixed phase inlet; 602. Mixed phase ring; 603. Shape memory alloy impeller; 604. Liquid; 605. Shaft; 606. First liquid phase outlet; 1501. Liquid phase inlet; 1502. Phase change microcapsule layer; 1053. Corrugated shell; 1504. Liquid phase passage; 1505. Second liquid phase outlet. Detailed Implementation

[0034] The related technologies of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings of the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0035] like Figures 1-7As shown, the workflow of this specific embodiment is as follows: The thermoelectric conversion and electron emission component 1 absorbs solar heat and partially converts it into electrical energy; the gradient conductive emission integrated slide rail metal plate 103 simultaneously realizes the functions of a conductive sheet and an emission electrode. The gradient conductive emission integrated slide rail metal plate 103 has good conductivity and certain mechanical strength, as well as a low work function so that electrons can more easily escape from the surface. In terms of structure, the slide rail must be able to withstand high current density and high voltage while ensuring that electrons can be emitted effectively. Therefore, it is necessary to comprehensively consider the selection of materials and structural design. The material can be a metal material with low work function and good conductivity, such as tungsten, molybdenum, etc., which can emit electrons and move under the control of the external electric field formed by the gradient conductive emission integrated slide rail metal plate 103 and the gradient phase change coupled microchannel electron slide rail collection plate 5 and the external magnetic field formed by the S pole 301 and the N pole 302. The electron busbar 501 is made of a highly conductive metallic material such as stainless steel or copper alloy, the phase change buffer layer 502 is made of a solid-liquid phase change heat storage material, and the microchannel topology convection heat transfer layer 503 is covered with a layer of highly efficient heat-absorbing material, such as a metal-ceramic composite membrane. Furthermore, the gas-liquid phase change material in the superhydrophilic evaporation biomimetic capillary core assembly 2, located between the P-type carrier-dominated thermoelectric energy conversion unit 101 and the N-type carrier-dominated thermoelectric energy conversion unit 102 of the thermoelectric conversion and electron emission assembly 1, evaporates from liquid to gas upon heating. The gas-liquid phase change material can be made of... Coated perfluoropentane microemulsion, The working fluid includes nanosheets / ammonia water composites and nanoparticles containing titanium dioxide with electromagnetic properties, which can be controlled by electric and magnetic fields. A plant-like stomatal biomimetic capillary structure 202 promotes better vapor generation (biomimetic is its characteristic), and a leaf-vein-like biomimetic fractal microchannel 204 enhances heat transfer. Gas flows through the plant-like stomatal biomimetic capillary structure 202 → gas phase fluid transport pipeline 203 → leaf-vein-like biomimetic fractal microchannel 204 → gas transport main pipeline 205, subsequently driving electrons emitted by the gradient conductive emission integrated sliding rail metal plate 103 to move in a circular motion outside the spacecraft cabin under the control of electric and magnetic fields. An electric field force is generated between the metal plate and the collecting plate, and vapor and electrons achieve circular motion around the cabin under the combined action of electric and magnetic forces. The gas and electrons then pass through a phase-change coupled microchannel electron slide rail collecting plate 5, which consists of three layers. An electron confluence layer 501 collects electrons, while a phase-change buffer layer 502 absorbs all the heat released during electron collection and part of the heat released when the gas transforms into liquid. The mixture then passes through a microchannel topological convection heat transfer layer 503 and a gradient cooling wall 504 to continue absorbing heat. The gas-liquid mixture then enters a shape memory alloy coupled rotating condenser impeller 6 to continue releasing heat. Here, the gas is completely converted into liquid, and heat is also transferred to the negative side. Furthermore, the shape memory alloy impeller 603 is made of shape memory alloy. In the cold environment of the negative side, the alloy deforms and contracts at low temperatures. This contraction force compresses the gas, reducing the distance between gas molecules and making it easier to liquefy. When a high-temperature fluid passes through, the alloy returns to its original shape and can continue to contract upon entering a cold environment. In addition, three shape memory alloy coupled rotating condenser impellers 6 are provided to ensure that the gas is completely converted into liquid. The liquid then enters an optical tweezers system consisting of a laser 8, a beam expander 9, a dichroic mirror 10, an objective lens 11, an XYZ three-axis displacement stage 12, a reflector 13, and a CMOS camera 14. This system enables the laser beam to control the movement of tiny liquid particles, thereby transporting the liquid to an adaptive thermally responsive bellows 15. The adaptive thermally responsive bellows 15 and the superhydrophilic conical capillary wick structure 201 further promote the capillary process of the liquid, allowing it to be better drawn into the superhydrophilic evaporation biomimetic capillary wick assembly 2, completing one cycle.

[0036] In addition, the electrical energy of the shape memory alloy coupled rotating condenser impeller 6 and the optical tweezers system can be supplied by the storage battery 4, whose energy comes from the electrical energy converted by the P-type carrier-dominated thermoelectric energy conversion unit 101 and the N-type carrier-dominated thermoelectric energy conversion unit 102.

[0037] In addition, stress-resistance coupled shape memory alloy 104 and structure-conductive coupled carbon spring 105 are distributed between gradient conductive emission integrated slide rail metal plates 103, and the contraction and stretching of the two realize two working modes of high temperature and low temperature.

[0038] In addition, the spacecraft cabin has a retractable slide rail 19, a gradient conductive emission integrated slide rail metal plate 103 and a gradient phase change coupled microchannel electronic slide rail collection plate 5 that can slide on the retractable slide rail 19. The sliding stop position is controlled by the first photosensitive sensor limiter 106 and the second photosensitive sensor limiter 505. The photosensitive sensor on it can track the sun to achieve continuous heat absorption and conversion.

[0039] Thermoelectric-electron emission module: Introduces dual-mode emission using PN-type thermoelectric conversion material and shape memory alloy slide rail. The P-type carrier-dominated thermoelectric energy conversion unit 101 and the N-type carrier-dominated thermoelectric energy conversion unit 102 are electrically connected to the electron busbar layer 501 via the slide rail of the gradient conductive emission integrated slide rail metal plate 103. High temperature on the sunny side → electrical energy generated by the P-type carrier-dominated thermoelectric energy conversion unit 101 and the N-type carrier-dominated thermoelectric energy conversion unit 102 → elongation / contraction of the shape memory alloy in the gradient conductive emission integrated slide rail metal plate 103 → dynamic adjustment of the surface work function → directional electron emission.

[0040] Evaporation-Electron Co-operation Module: The superhydrophilic capillary generates a directional steam flow, which sequentially passes through the plant stomatal biomimetic capillary structure 202 → gas phase fluid transport pipeline 203 → gas transport main pipeline 205 → and is spatially coupled with the emission area of ​​the thermoelectric conversion and electron emission component 1.

[0041] Magnetically-electrically confined module: S / N magnetic poles + electric field form a closed drift track, with S pole 301 and N pole 302 located outside the spacecraft shell 17; electron-vapor moves around the outside of the cabin under the action of Lorentz force to avoid dissipation.

[0042] Gradient collection-cooling module: Three-layer gradient phase change collection plate + gradient cooling wall, the connection method in sequence includes: electron busbar 501 → phase change buffer layer 502 → microchannel topology convection heat transfer layer 503 → gradient cooling wall 504 electrically connected to battery 4; electrons are captured by electron busbar 501 → electrical energy is stored in battery 4 → gradient cooling wall 504 condenses steam.

[0043] Shape memory alloy condensation module: Shape memory alloy impeller 603 adaptively expands / contracts, shape memory alloy impeller 603 is fixed to shaft 605, shape memory alloy impeller 603 is connected to the outlet of gradient cooling wall 504; temperature decreases → shape memory alloy impeller 603 contracts → blade gap decreases → condensation efficiency is improved.

[0044] Optical tweezers-capillary transport module: laser optical tweezers + bellows capillary coupling, laser 8 → beam expander system 9 → dichroic mirror 10 → objective lens 11 → XYZ triaxial displacement stage 12 → adaptive thermal response bellows 15; the condensate is directionally pushed into the liquid phase inlet 1501 by the optical tweezers → secondary cooling through the phase change microcapsule layer 1502 → backflow to the superhydrophilic evaporation biomimetic capillary core assembly 2 through the capillary channel of the liquid phase passage 1504.

[0045] The key technical point of this embodiment is:

[0046] 1. PN-Memory Alloy Collaborative Electron Emission Mechanism: The P-type carrier-dominated thermoelectric energy conversion unit 101 and the N-type carrier-dominated thermoelectric energy conversion unit 102 are integrated with the stress-resistance coupled memory alloy 104 to achieve dynamic adjustment of the work function in two modes (high temperature elongation / low temperature contraction), serving as the core for directional electron emission.

[0047] 2. The three-layer gradient phase change coupled microchannel electronic sliding rail collection plate 5 is an integrated structure consisting of an electron confluence layer 501, a phase change buffer layer 502, a microchannel topology convection heat transfer layer 503, and a gradient cooling wall 504, which completes the triple functions of electron collection, energy storage, and steam condensation.

[0048] 3. Shape memory alloy-optical tweezers closed-loop liquid transport: The shape memory alloy impeller 603 adaptive condenser, together with the laser 8, beam expander system 9, dichroic mirror 10, objective lens 11, and XYZ three-axis displacement stage 12, uses optical tweezers to push and match the adaptive thermal response bellows 15 capillary reflux, realizing zero pumping circulation of condensate under microgravity.

[0049] 4. Magnetism-electric co-containment orbit constraint: S pole 301 and N pole 302 are coupled with the electric field to form a closed drift orbit, preventing the diffusion and loss of electrons and vapor in the vacuum environment.

[0050] In summary, the present invention enables the coordinated transport of charge and heat across hot and cold surfaces, thereby improving the efficiency of the electron-vapor coupling transport path.

[0051] It should be emphasized that the above are merely preferred embodiments of the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention in any way. Any simple modifications, equivalent changes and alterations made to the above embodiments based on the technical essence of the present invention shall still fall within the scope of the technical solution of the present invention.

Claims

1. A thermoelectrically coupled electrical energy harvesting and thermal management system across a cold-hot radiative surface, characterized by, Comprise: Thermoelectric conversion and electron emission assembly (1) for generating electricity by absorbing solar heat and realizing electron flow by emitting electrons; Super-hydrophilic evaporation biomimetic capillary core assembly (2) for converting liquid into gas and mixing with electrons emitted by the thermoelectric conversion and electron emission assembly (1), so that the steam can carry electron migration; Magnetic pole (3) for defining the migration direction and travel of steam carrying electrons by Lorentz force; Battery (4) for storing the electrical energy generated by the thermoelectric conversion and electron emission assembly (1) and supplying power to the system; Gradient phase change coupled micro-channel electron sliding rail type collection plate (5) for collecting electrons, collecting heat emitted by electrons, and collecting heat emitted by steam; Memory alloy coupled rotating condensation impeller (6) for absorbing the heat of the gas-liquid mixture released by the gradient phase change coupled micro-channel electron sliding rail type collection plate (5) so that the gas-liquid mixture is converted into liquid; Optical tweezers system for controlling the movement of micro-liquid by laser beam to achieve the purpose of liquid delivery; The thermoelectric conversion and electron emission assembly (1) and the gradient phase change coupled micro-channel electron sliding rail type collection plate (5) are respectively electrically connected to the battery (4), and the battery (4) is respectively electrically connected to the memory alloy coupled rotating condensation impeller (6) and the optical tweezers system; The electron emission direction of the thermoelectric conversion and electron emission assembly (1) is towards the steam release direction of the super-hydrophilic evaporation biomimetic capillary core assembly (2), the magnetic force of the magnetic pole (3), the electric field force between the thermoelectric conversion and electron emission assembly (1) and the gradient phase change coupled micro-channel electron sliding rail type collection plate (5) jointly drive the movement of steam carrying electrons, the steam carrying electrons move from the thermoelectric conversion and electron emission assembly (1) to the gradient phase change coupled micro-channel electron sliding rail type collection plate (5), the gas-liquid mixture outlet of the gradient phase change coupled micro-channel electron sliding rail type collection plate (5) is connected to the inlet of the memory alloy coupled rotating condensation impeller (6), and the outlet of the memory alloy coupled rotating condensation impeller (6) is connected to the liquid inlet of the super-hydrophilic evaporation biomimetic capillary core assembly (2) through the optical tweezers system; The thermoelectric conversion and electron emission assembly (1) comprises: a P-type carrier dominant thermoelectric energy conversion unit (101) and an N-type carrier dominant thermoelectric energy conversion unit (102), a gradient conductive emission integrated sliding rail type metal plate (103) is connected to each of the P-type carrier dominant thermoelectric energy conversion unit (101) and the N-type carrier dominant thermoelectric energy conversion unit (102), and stress-resistance coupled shape memory alloys (104) and structure-conductive coupled carbon springs (105) are arranged between the gradient conductive emission integrated sliding rail type metal plates (103) in a spaced distribution manner; an electric field force is generated between the gradient conductive emission integrated sliding rail type metal plates (103) and the gradient phase change coupled micro-channel electron sliding rail type collection plate (5). The liquid flow channel of the super-hydrophilic evaporation biomimetic capillary core assembly (2) is sequentially provided with a super-hydrophilic conical capillary core structure (201), a plant stomatal biomimetic capillary core structure (202), a gas phase fluid conveying pipeline (203), a leaf vein biomimetic fractal micro channel (204) along the liquid flow direction, a liquid conveying main pipeline (206) connected with the super-hydrophilic conical capillary core structure (201), the leaf vein biomimetic fractal micro channel (204) connected with a gas conveying main pipeline (205), and the steam release direction of the gas conveying main pipeline (205) towards the electron emission direction of the thermoelectric conversion and electron emission assembly (1); The gradient phase change coupled micro-channel electron sliding rail type collection plate (5) is sequentially provided with an electron bus layer (501), a phase change buffer layer (502), a micro-channel topological convection heat exchange layer (503), and a gradient cooling wall (504) along the steam carrying electron incident direction, the electron bus layer (501) is used for collecting electrons, the phase change buffer layer (502) is used for absorbing all heat released by the collected electrons and part of heat released by the gas converted into liquid, and the micro-channel topological convection heat exchange layer (503) and the gradient cooling wall (504) are used for absorbing the remaining heat; The memory alloy coupled rotating condensation impeller (6) is provided with a memory alloy impeller (603), the memory alloy impeller (603) is fixedly connected with a shaft (605), the shaft (605) drives the memory alloy impeller (603) to rotate, the memory alloy impeller (603) is made of memory alloy, and a blade gap is formed between the memory alloy impeller (603) and a shell. The thermoelectric conversion and electron emission assembly (1), the super-hydrophilic evaporation biomimetic capillary core assembly (2), the magnetic pole (3), the gradient phase change coupled micro-channel electron sliding rail type collection plate (5), the memory alloy coupled rotating condensation impeller (6) and the optical tweezers system are respectively arranged around a cylindrical spacecraft cabin outside, the thermoelectric conversion and electron emission assembly (1) and the super-hydrophilic evaporation biomimetic capillary core assembly (2) are located on a sunny surface, the gradient phase change coupled micro-channel electron sliding rail type collection plate (5) and the memory alloy coupled rotating condensation impeller (6) are located on a shady surface, and the magnetic pole (3) and the optical tweezers system are respectively located between the thermoelectric conversion and electron emission assembly (1) and the gradient phase change coupled micro-channel electron sliding rail type collection plate (5). The material of the gradient conductive emission integrated sliding rail type metal plate (103) is selected from a metal material with low work function and good conductivity. The super-hydrophilic evaporation biomimetic capillary core assembly (2) is located between the P-type carrier dominated thermoelectric energy conversion unit (101) and the N-type carrier dominated thermoelectric energy conversion unit (102) of the thermoelectric conversion and electron emission assembly (1). The gas-liquid phase change material in the super-hydrophilic evaporation biomimetic capillary core assembly (2) adopts Coated perfluoropentane microemulsion, Nanosheet / ammonia composite working substance, and titanium dioxide charged magnetic nanoparticles; The memory alloy impeller (603) is made of shape memory alloy, in a cold environment on the shady surface, the alloy is deformed and shrunk due to low temperature, and the shrinkage force can extrude gas. The gradient conductive emission integrated sliding rail type metal plate (103) is spaced apart from the stress-resistance coupled shape memory alloy (104) and the structure-conductive coupled carbon spring (105), and the contraction and stretching of the two achieve high-temperature and low-temperature working modes. The spacecraft has a retractable slide rail (19), and the gradient conductive emission integrated sliding rail type metal plate (103) and the gradient phase change coupled micro-channel electronic sliding rail type collection plate (5) can slide on the retractable slide rail (19), and the sliding stop position is controlled by the first photosensitive sensing limit stop (106) and the second photosensitive sensing limit stop (505), and the photosensitive sensor thereon can track the sun to realize continuous absorption and conversion of heat.

2. A thermoelectric system for harvesting electrical energy across a hot and cold surface and for thermal management according to claim 1, wherein, The light tweezers system comprises a laser (8), the outlet of the memory alloy coupled rotary condensing impeller (6) is connected to the laser (8), the emission port of the laser (8) is connected to the inlet of the beam expansion system (9), the outlet of the beam expansion system (9) is opposite to the incident direction of the dichroic mirror (10), the refractive direction of the dichroic mirror (10) is towards the incident direction of the objective lens (11), the emission direction of the objective lens (11) is towards the XYZ three-axis displacement table (12), the XYZ three-axis displacement table (12) is connected to the inlet of the self-adaptive thermal response bellows (15), and the outlet of the self-adaptive thermal response bellows (15) is connected to the liquid delivery main pipeline (206) of the super-hydrophilic evaporation biomimetic capillary core assembly (2).

3. The thermoelectric system for harvesting electrical energy and heat management across a hot and cold surface according to claim 1, wherein, The leaf plexiform biomimetic fractal micro-channel (204) has a plexiform biomimetic structure, and is used for vaporizing liquid.

4. The thermoelectric system for harvesting electrical energy and heat management across a hot and cold surface according to claim 1, wherein, The electronic bus bar (501) is made of a metal material with good conductivity, the phase change buffer layer (502) is made of a solid-liquid phase change heat storage material, and the micro-channel topological convection heat exchange layer (503) and the gradient cooling wall (504) are respectively made of high-efficiency heat absorption materials.

5. The thermoelectric system for harvesting electrical energy across a hot and cold surface and thermal management according to claim 2, wherein, The self-adaptive thermal response bellows (15) is provided with a phase change microcapsule layer (1502) in the pipe wall, a liquid phase passage (1504) of the self-adaptive thermal response bellows (15) is provided with a capillary channel, and the capillary channel is connected to the super-hydrophilic evaporation biomimetic capillary core assembly (2).

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