Thermal management system, thermal management method, energy storage cabinet, energy storage device and electric equipment

Abstract

The heat management system comprises a heat pump unit for providing refrigerating capacity or heating capacity, a liquid circulation unit and a power distribution circulation unit. The liquid circulation unit comprises a liquid circulation pipeline, and a liquid pump, a cell heat exchange plate, a first tee joint, a second tee joint and a heat exchanger which are sequentially arranged on the liquid circulation pipeline. The liquid pump drives the heat adjusting medium to circulate in the liquid circulation pipeline. And the battery cell heat exchange plate exchanges heat with the battery cell. The liquid circulation pipeline forms a first passage between the first tee joint and the second tee joint. The heat exchanger exchanges heat with the heat pump unit. The power distribution circulation unit comprises a second path and a power distribution cabinet heat exchange plate arranged in the power distribution cabinet. The power distribution cabinet heat exchange plate is arranged on the second channel and comprises an input port communicated with the first tee joint and an output port communicated with the heat exchanger through a second tee joint. The first tee joint distributes the heat adjusting medium from the battery cell heat exchange plate to the second channel where the power distribution cabinet heat exchange plate is located and the first channel, and the heat adjusting medium flows to the heat exchanger through the second tee joint.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of energy storage technology, specifically to a thermal management system, a thermal management method for the thermal management system, an energy storage cabinet, an energy storage device, and electrical equipment. Background Technology

[0002] With the rapid development of electrochemical energy storage technology, the scale and number of outdoor energy storage power stations are increasing daily. As a key component of these power stations, outdoor distribution cabinets (power distribution systems) integrate core components that are extremely sensitive to the temperature and humidity of the operating environment, such as UPS (Uninterruptible Power Supply), BMS (Battery Management System) control and display units, smart meters, and current transformers. To ensure the long-term reliable operation and service life of these components, precise temperature and humidity control of the environment inside the distribution cabinet is essential.

[0003] Currently, energy storage systems and power distribution systems use two separate temperature control systems. Energy storage systems typically use liquid cooling as their temperature control system, while the temperature control equipment in the power distribution system usually includes air conditioners, dehumidifiers, heaters, fans, etc. Such a large number of temperature control devices will occupy cabinet space, lead to complicated and cumbersome wiring inside the cabinet, and result in high energy consumption and high operating costs. Summary of the Invention

[0004] In view of the above problems, this application provides a thermal management system, a thermal management method for the thermal management system, an energy storage cabinet, an energy storage device, and electrical equipment.

[0005] In a first aspect, this application provides a thermal management system for an energy storage system and a power distribution system. The energy storage system includes battery cells, and the power distribution system includes a distribution cabinet. The thermal management system includes a heat pump unit, a liquid circulation unit, and a power distribution circulation unit. The heat pump unit provides cooling or heating capacity. The liquid circulation unit includes a liquid circulation pipeline, a liquid pump, a battery cell heat exchange plate, a first tee, a second tee, and a heat exchanger sequentially arranged on the liquid circulation pipeline. The liquid circulation pipeline circulates a heating regulating medium. The liquid pump drives the heating regulating medium to circulate in the liquid circulation pipeline. The battery cell heat exchange plate exchanges heat with the battery cells. The liquid circulation pipeline forms a first passage between the first tee and the second tee. The heat exchanger exchanges heat with the heat pump unit. The power distribution circulation unit includes a second passage and a distribution cabinet heat exchange plate disposed inside the distribution cabinet. The distribution cabinet heat exchange plate is disposed on the second passage and includes an inlet and an outlet. The input port is connected to the first tee, and the output port is connected to the heat exchanger via the second tee. The first tee is used to distribute the heat conditioning medium from the cell heat exchange plate to the second passage and the first passage where the distribution cabinet heat exchange plate is located, and the heat conditioning medium flows to the heat exchanger through the second tee.

[0006] In the thermal management system provided in this application, the heat pump unit provides cooling and heating capacity, enabling the thermal management system to have bidirectional temperature control capability; the liquid circulation unit circulates the heat conditioning medium to deliver cooling or heating energy to the cell heat exchange plate, thereby achieving temperature control of the cell; the second passage and the first three-way passage connect the heat exchange plate of the distribution cabinet to the liquid circulation unit used for the cell, thus realizing the use of the same liquid circulation system to regulate the temperature of the cell and the distribution cabinet, eliminating the need to separately configure temperature control equipment such as air conditioners, dehumidifiers, heaters, and fans for the distribution cabinet. On the one hand, this saves installation space inside the distribution cabinet; on the other hand, the cell and the distribution cabinet share the same heat pump unit and liquid circulation system, eliminating the need to separately configure power lines, control lines, etc. for the distribution cabinet, simplifying the wiring inside the distribution cabinet; furthermore, by not using the aforementioned high-energy-consuming temperature control equipment, the residual cooling or heat of the heat conditioning medium after passing through the cell during the liquid circulation process is used to control the temperature inside the distribution cabinet, reducing the operating energy consumption of the power distribution system and saving operating costs.

[0007] As an optional technical solution of this application, the heat pump unit includes a heat pump circulation pipeline and a compressor, a condenser, an expansion valve, and a heat exchanger sequentially arranged on the heat pump circulation pipeline. The compressor is used to compress the refrigerant and convert it to a high-temperature, high-pressure state. The condenser is used to release the heat from the high-temperature, high-pressure refrigerant to the environment. The expansion valve is used to throttle and reduce the pressure of the refrigerant. The heat exchanger is used as an evaporator to absorb heat from the thermal regulating medium or as a condenser to release heat to the thermal regulating medium.

[0008] In the above technical solution, the compressor, condenser, expansion valve, and heat exchanger constitute the core of the heat pump unit cycle. The heat exchanger operates as an evaporator when the heat pump unit is cooling, absorbing heat from the thermoregulating medium to provide cooling to the liquid circulation unit; when the heat pump unit is heating, it operates as a condenser, releasing heat to the thermoregulating medium to provide heating to the liquid circulation unit. This allows for the simultaneous fulfillment of both cooling and heating needs using a single hardware structure, simplifying the architecture of the thermal management system.

[0009] As an optional technical solution of this application, the second three-way is a second three-way valve. The thermal management system further includes a control unit, which is communicatively connected to the second three-way valve and configured to control the opening degree of the second three-way valve to control the flow of the heat regulating medium in the first passage to the heat exchanger, or the heat regulating medium in the first passage and the second passage to flow back to the heat exchanger together.

[0010] In the above technical solution, a second three-way valve is installed on the first passage, and the output port is connected to the second three-way valve. This allows the heat regulation medium flowing from the heat exchange plate of the distribution cabinet to smoothly merge with the heat regulation medium in the main circuit and flow back to the heat exchanger together. This simplifies the pipeline design and ensures the integrity and flow stability of the entire liquid circulation loop. Simultaneously, the control unit can open the second three-way valve and connect the second passage to the heat exchanger when temperature adjustment in the distribution cabinet is required, allowing the heat regulation medium in the second passage to flow to the heat exchanger. When temperature adjustment in the distribution cabinet is not required, the control unit can disconnect the connection between the second passage and the heat exchanger, allowing only the heat regulation medium in the liquid circulation pipeline to circulate and regulate the temperature of the battery cells. This provides flexible and convenient control.

[0011] As an optional technical solution of this application, the first three-way valve is a first three-way valve, which is used to control the flow ratio between the heat regulation medium flowing to the second passage and the heat regulation medium flowing to the first passage by adjusting the opening degree.

[0012] In the above technical solution, the first three-way valve is adopted. By adjusting its opening degree, the flow ratio of the heat regulation medium flowing to the heat exchange plate (second passage) of the distribution cabinet and directly returning to the heat exchanger (first passage) can be precisely controlled, thereby achieving precise control of the temperature inside the distribution cabinet.

[0013] As an optional technical solution of this application, the thermal management system further includes a control unit, which is communicatively connected to the first three-way valve and configured to control the opening degree of the first three-way valve based on the temperature and / or humidity inside the distribution cabinet.

[0014] In the above technical solution, a control unit is added to the thermal management system. The control unit can automatically control the opening degree of the first three-way valve based on the temperature and / or humidity inside the distribution cabinet, thereby realizing automated management of the distribution cabinet and reducing manual intervention.

[0015] As an optional technical solution of this application, the thermal management system further includes a temperature sensor disposed inside the distribution cabinet, the temperature sensor being configured to collect the air temperature T_air inside the distribution cabinet. The control unit is also communicatively connected to the temperature sensor, the heat pump unit, and the liquid pump, and is further configured to: Obtain the air temperature T_air inside the distribution cabinet; When the air temperature T_air inside the distribution cabinet is lower than the preset minimum temperature value x℃, the heat pump unit is controlled to enter the heating mode, and the liquid pump is controlled to increase its speed. Simultaneously, the opening of the first three-way valve flowing to the second passage is controlled to be greater than the opening flowing to the first passage; or, if the heat pump unit does not need to enter the heating mode, the opening of the first three-way valve flowing to the second passage is reduced. When the air temperature T_air inside the distribution cabinet is higher than the preset maximum temperature value y℃, the heat pump unit is controlled to enter the cooling mode, the liquid pump is controlled to speed up, and the opening degree of the first three-way valve flowing to the second passage is controlled to increase.

[0016] In the above technical solution, the control unit obtains the air temperature T_air inside the distribution cabinet, and starts the heating mode when the air temperature T_air inside the distribution cabinet is too low, and starts the cooling mode when the air temperature T_air inside the distribution cabinet is too high. At the same time, it controls the liquid pump to speed up to enhance the heat exchange efficiency, and adjusts the opening of the first three-way valve accordingly to ensure that the temperature inside the distribution cabinet can be quickly restored to the safe operating temperature range under extreme temperatures.

[0017] As an optional technical solution of this application, when the heat pump unit enters the cooling mode, the control unit is further configured to: Based on the difference between the air temperature T_air inside the distribution cabinet and the highest temperature value y℃, multiple cooling levels are defined. Each cooling level corresponds to a temperature range, a preset speed setting of the liquid pump, and a preset opening value of the first three-way valve flowing into the second passage. The speed of the liquid pump and the opening degree of the first three-way valve flowing to the second passage are adjusted step by step according to the multiple refrigeration levels. As the absolute value of the difference decreases, the lower the refrigeration level, the lower the speed of the liquid pump and the smaller the opening degree.

[0018] In the above technical solution, in cooling mode, the control unit divides multiple cooling levels according to the difference between the air temperature T_air in the distribution cabinet and the highest temperature value y℃ and controls the adjustment step by step, so that the control of the liquid pump speed and the opening of the first three-way valve are precisely matched with the actual heat dissipation requirements, realizing a smooth transition from low power consumption to high heat dissipation, and improving the energy efficiency and temperature control stability of the thermal management system.

[0019] As an optional technical solution of this application, when the heat pump unit enters the heating mode, the control unit is further configured to: Based on the difference between the air temperature T_air inside the distribution cabinet and the lowest temperature value x℃, multiple heating levels are defined. Each heating level corresponds to a temperature range, a preset speed setting of the liquid pump, and a preset opening value of the first three-way valve flowing into the second passage. The rotational speed of the liquid pump and the opening degree of the first three-way valve flowing to the second passage are adjusted step by step according to the multiple heating levels; wherein, as the absolute value of the difference decreases, the lower the heating level, the lower the rotational speed of the liquid pump, and the smaller the opening value.

[0020] In the above technical solution, in heating mode, the control unit divides multiple heating levels according to the difference between the air temperature T_air in the distribution cabinet and the lowest temperature value x℃ and controls the adjustment step by step, so that the control of the liquid pump speed and the opening of the first three-way valve are precisely matched with the actual heating demand, avoiding energy waste and frequent start-stop of equipment, and realizing a stable and energy-saving heating process.

[0021] As an optional technical solution of this application, the temperature sensor is configured to: collect the surface temperature T_cold of the heat exchange plate of the power distribution cabinet; the control unit is further configured to: When the air temperature T_air inside the distribution cabinet is between x℃ and y℃, obtain the dew point temperature T_dp of the air inside the distribution cabinet; When the surface temperature T_cold of the heat exchange plate of the power distribution cabinet is higher than the dew point temperature T_dp by a preset safety margin △℃, the air temperature T_air inside the power distribution cabinet is controlled and maintained. If the surface temperature T_cold of the heat exchange plate of the power distribution cabinet is not higher than the dew point temperature T_dp by a preset safety margin △℃, and the surface temperature T_cold of the heat exchange plate of the power distribution cabinet is lower than the dew point temperature T_dp, the condensation treatment procedure is initiated. If the surface temperature T_cold of the heat exchange plate of the power distribution cabinet is not higher than the dew point temperature T_dp by a preset safety margin Δ℃, and the surface temperature T_cold of the heat exchange plate of the power distribution cabinet exceeds the dew point temperature T_dp by a preset threshold, the anti-condensation procedure is activated.

[0022] In the above technical solution, when the air temperature T_air in the distribution cabinet is within the working temperature range, the control unit can determine which of the following three situations it belongs to by calculating the dew point temperature T_dp and comparing it with the surface temperature T_cold of the heat exchange plate of the distribution cabinet: (1) no condensation has occurred and there is no risk of condensation; (2) condensation has occurred; (3) no condensation has occurred but there is a risk of condensation. The control unit also controls different measures such as maintaining the status quo, starting the condensation handling procedure and starting the anti-condensation procedure according to situations (1) to (3) to actively prevent short circuits or damage to electrical equipment caused by condensation.

[0023] As an optional technical solution of this application, the condensation treatment procedure includes: Confirm whether condensation only occurs on the heat exchange plate of the distribution cabinet; If so, the condensate drainage device matched with the heat exchange plate of the distribution cabinet is activated to discharge the condensate water out of the distribution cabinet. If not, a high-risk alarm signal indicating the presence of non-directional condensation in the distribution cabinet will be generated and reported.

[0024] In the above technical solution, the condensation handling procedure can determine whether condensation only occurs on the surface of the heat exchange plate of the distribution cabinet. If so, the condensate is drained through a drainage device to prevent water accumulation; if not, a high-risk alarm is issued to remind maintenance personnel to address the moisture problem inside the distribution cabinet, thereby improving the safety of the power distribution system.

[0025] As an optional technical solution of this application, the anti-condensation procedure includes: The control fine-tuning reduces the opening of the first three-way valve to the second passage, causing the surface temperature T_cold of the heat exchange plate of the distribution cabinet to rise by a predetermined value.

[0026] In the above technical solution, the anti-condensation program reduces the opening of the first three-way valve to the heat exchange plate of the distribution cabinet by fine-tuning, so that the surface temperature T_cold of the heat exchange plate of the distribution cabinet rises, thereby increasing the temperature of the condensation risk point and preventing the generation of condensation in advance.

[0027] Secondly, this application provides a thermal management method applied to the thermal management system described in the above embodiments, the thermal management method comprising: The heat pump unit generates cooling or heating capacity. The cooling or heating capacity is obtained by the heat regulating medium in the liquid circulation unit as it flows through the heat exchanger, and then delivered to the cell heat exchange plate for heat exchange with the cell. Through the first three-way valve, the heat regulation medium flowing through the cell heat exchange plate is distributed to the second passage of the power distribution circulation unit and the first passage of the liquid circulation unit; The heat regulation medium distributed to the second channel flows through the heat exchange plate of the power distribution cabinet located inside the power distribution cabinet, thereby regulating the temperature and humidity inside the power distribution cabinet.

[0028] The thermal management method provided in this application provides cooling and heating capacity through a heat pump unit, enabling the thermal management system to have bidirectional temperature control capabilities. The cooling or heating capacity is transferred to the battery cell heat exchange plate through the circulation of the heat regulating medium in the liquid circulation unit, achieving temperature control of the battery cell. The heat exchange plate of the distribution cabinet is connected to the liquid circulation unit for the battery cell through a second passage and a first three-way connection, thus achieving temperature control of both the battery cell and the distribution cabinet using the same liquid circulation system. This eliminates the need for separate temperature control equipment such as air conditioners, dehumidifiers, heaters, and fans for the distribution cabinet, saving installation space within the distribution cabinet. Furthermore, the battery cell and distribution cabinet share the same heat pump unit and liquid circulation system, eliminating the need for separate power lines and control lines for the distribution cabinet, simplifying wiring within the battery cabinet. Moreover, by not using high-energy-consuming equipment such as the aforementioned temperature control devices, the residual cooling or heating of the heat regulating medium after passing through the battery cell during liquid circulation is used to control the temperature within the distribution cabinet, reducing the operating energy consumption of the power distribution system and saving operating costs.

[0029] As an optional technical solution of this application, the thermal management method further includes: Obtain the air temperature T_air inside the distribution cabinet; When the air temperature T_air in the distribution cabinet is lower than the preset minimum temperature value x℃, the heat pump unit enters the heating mode, the liquid pump speeds up, and at the same time, the opening of the first three-way valve flowing to the second passage is adjusted to be greater than the opening of the first passage; or, the heat pump unit does not need to enter the heating mode, and the opening of the first three-way valve flowing to the second passage is reduced. When the air temperature T_air inside the distribution cabinet is higher than the preset maximum temperature value y℃, the heat pump unit enters the cooling mode, the liquid pump speeds up, and at the same time, the opening of the first three-way valve to the second passage is increased.

[0030] In the above technical solution, the thermal management method automatically switches between heating and cooling modes based on the air temperature T_air inside the distribution cabinet, and adjusts the speed of the liquid pump and the opening of the first three-way valve, thereby achieving automatic and efficient control of the temperature inside the distribution cabinet and ensuring that the equipment inside the distribution cabinet always operates in a safe temperature environment.

[0031] As an optional technical solution of this application, when the heat pump unit enters the cooling mode, the liquid pump speeds up, and at the same time, the opening of the first three-way valve to the second passage is increased, including: Based on the difference between the air temperature T_air inside the distribution cabinet and the highest temperature value y℃, multiple cooling levels are defined. Each cooling level corresponds to a temperature range, a preset speed setting of the liquid pump, and a preset opening value of the first three-way valve flowing into the second passage. The speed of the liquid pump and the opening degree of the first three-way valve flowing to the second passage are adjusted step by step according to the multiple refrigeration levels. As the absolute value of the difference decreases, the lower the refrigeration level, the lower the speed of the liquid pump and the smaller the opening degree.

[0032] In the above technical solution, under cooling mode, a graded adjustment strategy is adopted, which links the control intensity to the temperature difference. When the temperature difference is large, heat dissipation is enhanced, and when the temperature difference is small, power is reduced. This ensures heat dissipation while avoiding overcooling and improving energy efficiency.

[0033] As an optional technical solution of this application, when the heat pump unit enters the heating mode, the liquid pump speeds up, and at the same time, the opening degree of the first three-way valve flowing to the second passage is adjusted to be greater than the opening degree flowing to the first passage, including: Based on the difference between the air temperature T_air inside the distribution cabinet and the lowest temperature value x℃, multiple heating levels are defined. Each heating level corresponds to a temperature range, a preset speed setting of the liquid pump, and a preset opening value of the first three-way valve flowing into the second passage. The rotational speed of the liquid pump and the opening degree of the first three-way valve flowing to the second passage are adjusted step by step according to the multiple heating levels; wherein, as the absolute value of the difference decreases, the lower the heating level, the lower the rotational speed of the liquid pump, and the smaller the opening value.

[0034] In the above technical solution, a graded adjustment strategy is adopted in the heating mode, which links the control intensity with the size of the temperature difference. When the temperature difference is large, the heating is strong, and when the temperature difference is small, the power is reduced. This ensures the heating effect while avoiding overheating and improving energy utilization efficiency.

[0035] As an optional technical solution of this application, the thermal management method further includes: When the air temperature T_air inside the distribution cabinet is between x℃ and y℃, obtain the dew point temperature T_dp of the air inside the distribution cabinet; When the surface temperature T_cold of the heat exchange plate of the power distribution cabinet is higher than the dew point temperature T_dp by a preset safety margin △℃, the air temperature T_air inside the power distribution cabinet is controlled and maintained. If the surface temperature T_cold of the heat exchange plate of the power distribution cabinet is not higher than the dew point temperature T_dp by a preset safety margin △℃, and the surface temperature T_cold of the heat exchange plate of the power distribution cabinet is lower than the dew point temperature T_dp, the condensation treatment procedure is initiated. If the surface temperature T_cold of the heat exchange plate of the power distribution cabinet is not higher than the dew point temperature T_dp by a preset safety margin Δ℃, and the surface temperature T_cold of the heat exchange plate of the power distribution cabinet exceeds the dew point temperature T_dp by a preset threshold, the anti-condensation procedure is activated.

[0036] In the above technical solution, when the air temperature T_air in the distribution cabinet is within the working temperature range, the dew point temperature T_dp is introduced and compared with the surface temperature T_cold of the heat exchange plate of the distribution cabinet to determine which of the following three situations applies: (1) no condensation occurs and there is no risk of condensation; (2) condensation has occurred; (3) no condensation occurs but there is a risk of condensation. According to situations (1) to (3), different measures such as maintaining the status quo, starting the condensation treatment procedure and starting the anti-condensation procedure are taken to actively prevent short circuits or damage to electrical equipment caused by condensation.

[0037] As an optional technical solution of this application, the condensation treatment procedure includes: Confirm whether condensation only occurs on the heat exchange plate of the distribution cabinet; If so, the condensate drainage device matched with the heat exchange plate of the distribution cabinet is activated to discharge the condensate water out of the distribution cabinet. If not, a high-risk alarm signal indicating the presence of non-directional condensation in the distribution cabinet will be generated and reported.

[0038] In the above technical solution, the method distinguishes and processes the condensation that has occurred. If it is directional condensation, it controls the discharge through a dedicated channel; if it is non-directional condensation, it controls the timely alarm. This approach takes into account both the automation of routine processing and the need for manual intervention in abnormal situations, thus ensuring the safety of the power distribution system.

[0039] As an optional technical solution of this application, the anti-condensation procedure includes: The control fine-tuning reduces the opening of the first three-way valve to the second passage, causing the surface temperature T_cold of the heat exchange plate of the distribution cabinet to rise by a predetermined value.

[0040] In the above technical solution, by finely adjusting and reducing the opening of the first three-way valve to the heat exchange plate of the distribution cabinet, the surface temperature T_cold of the heat exchange plate of the distribution cabinet is increased, thereby raising the temperature of the condensation risk point and preventing the generation of condensation in advance.

[0041] Thirdly, this application provides an energy storage cabinet, which includes a battery cabinet, a power distribution cabinet, and the thermal management system described in any of the above embodiments. The power distribution cabinet and the battery cabinet are either an integral structure or separate structures connected to each other. The liquid circulation unit is disposed within the battery cabinet, the power distribution circulation unit is disposed within the power distribution cabinet, and the heat pump unit is disposed within the power distribution cabinet or the battery cabinet.

[0042] Fourthly, this application provides an energy storage device, which includes a battery pack and the energy storage cabinet described in the above embodiments. The battery pack includes the battery cells. The battery pack is disposed inside the battery cabinet, and the battery cell heat exchange plate is disposed on the battery pack.

[0043] Fifthly, this application provides an electrical appliance that includes the energy storage device described in the above embodiments.

[0044] In the energy storage cabinet, energy storage device, and electrical equipment provided in this application, the heat pump unit of the thermal management system provides cooling and heating capacity, enabling the thermal management system to have bidirectional temperature control capability; the liquid circulation unit circulates the heat conditioning medium to transport cold or heat to the heat exchange plate of the battery cell, thereby achieving temperature control of the battery cell; the second passage and the first three-way passage connect the heat exchange plate of the distribution cabinet to the liquid circulation unit used for the battery cell, thereby realizing the use of the same liquid circulation system to regulate the temperature of the battery cell and the distribution cabinet, eliminating the need to configure separate temperature control equipment such as air conditioners, dehumidifiers, heaters, and fans for the distribution cabinet. On the one hand, it saves installation space inside the distribution cabinet; on the other hand, the battery cell and the distribution cabinet share the same heat pump unit and liquid circulation system, eliminating the need to configure separate power lines and control lines for the distribution cabinet, simplifying the wiring inside the distribution cabinet; furthermore, by not using the above-mentioned high-energy-consuming equipment such as temperature control devices, the residual cold or heat of the heat conditioning medium after passing through the battery cell during the liquid circulation process is used to control the temperature inside the distribution cabinet, reducing the operating energy consumption of the power distribution system and saving operating costs.

[0045] The above description is only an overview of the technical solution of this application. In order to better understand the technical means of this application and to implement it in accordance with the contents of the specification, and to make the above and other objects, features and advantages of this application more obvious and understandable, the following are specific embodiments of this application. Attached Figure Description

[0046] Various other advantages and benefits will become apparent to those skilled in the art upon reading the detailed description of the preferred embodiments below. The accompanying drawings are for illustrative purposes only and are not intended to limit the scope of this application. Furthermore, the same reference numerals denote the same parts throughout the drawings. In the drawings: Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the thermal management system according to an embodiment of the present application, wherein the heat pump unit is in cooling mode; Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the thermal management system according to an embodiment of the present application, wherein the heat pump unit is in heating mode; Figure 3 This is a flowchart illustrating the thermal management method of a thermal management system according to certain embodiments of this application. Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of an energy storage cabinet according to certain embodiments of this application; Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of an energy storage device according to certain embodiments of this application; Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of an electrical device according to certain embodiments of this application.

[0047] The reference numerals in the detailed embodiments are as follows: 10,000 electrical equipment; Energy storage device 1000; high-voltage cable 2000; first power conversion device 3000; second power conversion device 4000; Energy storage cabinet 1000A; Thermal management system 100; heat pump unit 10, heat pump circulation pipeline 11, compressor 13, condenser 15, expansion valve 17; Liquid circulation unit 30, liquid circulation pipeline 31, first passage 311, liquid pump 33, battery cell heat exchange plate 35, first tee 37, heat exchanger 39, second tee 38; power distribution circulation unit 50, second passage 51, power distribution cabinet heat exchange plate 53, input port 531, output port 533; control unit 70; temperature sensor 91; humidity sensor 93; Energy storage system 300, battery cabinet 301, battery pack 303, battery cell 3031; Power distribution system 500, power distribution cabinet 501, components 503. Detailed Implementation

[0048] The embodiments of the technical solution of this application will now be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. These embodiments are only used to more clearly illustrate the technical solution of this application and are therefore merely examples, and should not be used to limit the scope of protection of this application.

[0049] In the description of the embodiments of this application, technical terms such as "first" and "second" are used only to distinguish different objects and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly specifying the number, specific order, or primary and secondary relationship of the indicated technical features. In the description of the embodiments of this application, "multiple" means two or more, unless otherwise explicitly defined.

[0050] In this document, the term "implementation" means that a specific feature, structure, or characteristic described in connection with an implementation may be included in at least one implementation of this application. The appearance of this phrase in various places in the specification does not necessarily refer to the same implementation, nor is it a separate or alternative implementation mutually exclusive with other implementations. It will be explicitly and implicitly understood by those skilled in the art that the implementations described herein can be combined with other implementations.

[0051] In the description of the embodiments in this application, the term "and / or" is merely a description of the relationship between associated objects, indicating that three relationships can exist. For example, A and / or B can represent: A existing alone, the simultaneous existence of mounting protrusions and mounting holes, or B existing alone. Additionally, the character " / " in this document generally indicates that the preceding and following associated objects have an "or" relationship.

[0052] In the description of the embodiments of this application, the technical terms "center", "first", "second", "length", "width", "thickness", "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "vertical", "level", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", "clockwise", "counterclockwise", "axial", "radial", "circumferential", etc., indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings. They are only for the convenience of describing the embodiments of this application and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, they should not be construed as limitations on the embodiments of this application.

[0053] In the description of the embodiments of this application, unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, the technical terms such as "installation", "connection", "linking", and "fixing" should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to fixed connections, detachable connections, or integral connections; they can refer to mechanical connections or electrical connections; they can refer to direct connections or indirect connections through an intermediate medium; they can refer to the internal communication of two components or the interaction between two components.

[0054] With the rapid development of electrochemical energy storage technology, the scale and number of outdoor energy storage power stations are increasing daily. As a key component of the power station, the outdoor distribution cabinet (power distribution system) integrates core components that are extremely sensitive to the temperature and humidity of the operating environment, such as UPS (Uninterruptible Power Supply), BMS (Battery Management System) control unit, smart meters, and current transformers. To ensure the long-term reliable operation and service life of these components, precise temperature and humidity control of the environment inside the distribution cabinet is essential. Currently, the energy storage system and the power distribution system use two separate temperature control systems. The energy storage system typically uses a liquid cooling solution for temperature control, while the temperature control equipment in the power distribution system usually includes air conditioners, dehumidifiers, heaters, fans, etc. Such a large number of temperature control devices not only occupy cabinet space but also lead to complex and cumbersome wiring, high energy consumption, and high operating costs. To address this problem, this application provides a thermal management system 100 (… Figure 1 (as shown) and thermal management methods of the thermal management system ( Figure 2 (As shown).

[0055] Please see Figure 1 and Figure 5In a first aspect, this application provides a thermal management system 100 for an energy storage system 300 and a power distribution system 500. The energy storage system 300 includes a battery cell 3031, and the power distribution system 500 includes a power distribution cabinet 501. The thermal management system 100 includes a heat pump unit 10, a liquid circulation unit 30, and a power distribution circulation unit 50. The heat pump unit 10 is used to provide cooling or heating capacity. The liquid circulation unit 30 includes a liquid circulation pipeline 31, a liquid pump 33, a battery cell heat exchange plate 35, a first tee 37, a second tee 38, and a heat exchanger 39 sequentially arranged on the liquid circulation pipeline 31. The liquid circulation pipeline 31 is used for circulating a heat regulating medium. The liquid pump 33 is used to drive the heat regulating medium to circulate in the liquid circulation pipeline 31. The battery cell heat exchange plate 35 is used to exchange heat with the battery cell 3031. The liquid circulation pipeline 31 forms a first passage 311 between the first tee 37 and the second tee 38. Heat exchanger 39 is used for heat exchange with heat pump unit 10. Power distribution circulation unit 50 includes a second passage 51 and a power distribution cabinet heat exchange plate 53 disposed inside power distribution cabinet 501. Power distribution cabinet heat exchange plate 53 is disposed on the second passage 51 and includes an inlet 531 and an outlet 533. Inlet 531 is connected to a first three-way valve 37, and outlet 533 is connected to heat exchanger 39 via a second three-way valve 38. First three-way valve 37 is used to distribute the heat conditioning medium from battery cell heat exchange plate 35 to the second passage 51 and first passage 311 where power distribution cabinet heat exchange plate 53 is located, and the heat conditioning medium flows to heat exchanger 39 through second three-way valve 38.

[0056] Please see Figure 5 An energy storage system 300 is a system that stores electrical energy in the form of chemical energy through batteries and releases it when needed. Energy storage systems 300 are widely used in grid-side energy storage power stations, user-side peak-valley regulation, and smoothing output of renewable energy power stations. An energy storage system 300 typically includes a battery pack 303 with multiple cells 3031, a battery management system (BMS), an energy management system (EMS), and a converter (PCS). The cell 3031 is the basic unit for energy storage and release in the energy storage system 300. The cell 3031 can be of different types, such as lithium-ion cells, lead-carbon cells, or flow cells. Internally, the cell 3031 uses a structure including a positive electrode, a negative electrode, an electrolyte, and a separator to convert electrical energy into chemical energy for storage during charging and to convert chemical energy back into electrical energy for release during discharging. The cell 3031 generates heat during operation, and its performance and lifespan are affected by its operating temperature range.

[0057] Please see Figure 5The power distribution system 500 is responsible for the power distribution, conversion, monitoring, and protection of the energy storage system 300. The power distribution system 500 provides power to the liquid cooling equipment, fire-fighting equipment, lighting, and other auxiliary equipment within the energy storage system 300. The power distribution system 500 typically includes incoming line cabinets, outgoing line cabinets, feeder cabinets, and distribution cabinets 501. Distribution cabinet 501 is a key piece of equipment in the power distribution system 500, integrating core components 503 such as a UPS (Uninterruptible Power Supply), BMS control unit, intelligent meters, and current transformers. These components 503 are highly sensitive to the temperature and humidity of the operating environment; excessively high or low temperatures or condensation can cause electrical faults and shorten the lifespan of the components.

[0058] The thermal management system 100 is a system used to cool or heat a specific object to ensure that the object operates within a safe temperature range. In this embodiment, the thermal management system 100 mainly controls the temperature of the battery cells 3031 of the energy storage system 300 and the power distribution cabinet 501 of the power distribution system 500. Specifically, the thermal management system 100 includes a heat pump unit 10, a liquid circulation unit 30, and a power distribution circulation unit 50.

[0059] Please see Figure 1 More specifically, the heat pump unit 10 is the source of cooling and heating in the thermal management system 100. The heat pump unit 10 is a unit that realizes the function of cooling or heating. In summer or when the ambient temperature is high, the heat pump unit 10 provides cooling capacity; in winter or when the ambient temperature is low, the heat pump unit 10 provides heating capacity.

[0060] The liquid circulation unit 30 is the unit in the thermal management system 100 responsible for the circulation and transport of the heat regulation medium. The liquid circulation unit 30 is connected by pipelines to form a complete closed loop, transferring the cooling or heating energy generated by the heat pump unit 10 to the objects requiring temperature control. The liquid circulation unit 30 mainly includes a liquid circulation pipeline 31, a liquid pump 33, a battery cell heat exchange plate 35, a first tee 37, a second tee 38, and a heat exchanger 39.

[0061] The liquid circulation pipeline 31 is the pipeline through which the heating and regulating medium circulates in the liquid circulation unit 30. As a carrier, the liquid circulation pipeline 31 connects components in the liquid circulation unit 30, such as the liquid pump 33, the battery cell heat exchange plate 35, the first tee 37, the second tee 38, and the heat exchanger 39. The liquid circulation pipeline 31 can be made of metallic materials such as copper or stainless steel, or non-metallic materials such as PEX or PPR. The cross-sectional shape of the liquid circulation pipeline 31 can be, but is not limited to, circular, elliptical, or square. The liquid circulation pipeline 31 is connected to various components by welding, threaded connections, or flange connections to form a closed circulation loop.

[0062] The liquid pump 33 is the power source that drives the heat-regulating medium to circulate in the liquid circulation pipeline 31. The liquid pump 33 can be a centrifugal pump, gear pump, or canned motor pump. The liquid pump 33 is driven by an electric motor with adjustable speed, thereby changing the circulation flow rate of the heat-regulating medium. The inlet of the liquid pump 33 is connected to the heat-regulating medium outlet of the heat exchanger 39, and the outlet of the liquid pump 33 is connected to the inlet of the battery cell heat exchange plate 35.

[0063] Please combine Figure 5 The cell heat exchange plate 35 is a component that directly exchanges heat with the cell 3031. The cell heat exchange plate 35 can be a plate-shaped, flat tube-shaped, or jacketed structure made of a material with high thermal conductivity, such as aluminum or copper. The surface of the cell heat exchange plate 35 is in direct contact with the cell 3031, or maintains good thermal contact with the cell 3031 through a thermal interface material such as thermally conductive silicone grease. The interior of the cell heat exchange plate 35 has microchannels or flow paths for the flow of a heat-regulating medium. The heat generated by the cell 3031 during operation is transferred to the cell heat exchange plate 35 through heat conduction, and the flowing heat-regulating medium then carries away the heat, achieving cooling of the cell 3031; alternatively, the heat carried by the heat-regulating medium is transferred to the cell 3031 through the cell heat exchange plate 35, achieving heating of the cell 3031.

[0064] The first tee 37 is a tee connector in the liquid circulation pipeline 31, having one inlet and two outlets. The inlet of the first tee 37 connects to the outlet of the battery cell heat exchange plate 35. One outlet of the first tee 37 connects to the inlet 531 of the distribution cabinet heat exchange plate 53 via the second passage 51, and the other outlet connects to the first passage 311 leading to the heat exchanger 39. The first tee 37 can be a Y-type tee, a T-type tee, or other structural forms. The first tee 37 can be made of copper, stainless steel, cast iron, or engineering plastics. The connection method between the first tee 37 and the various pipelines can be threaded connection, flange connection, welding, or quick coupling connection.

[0065] The second tee 38 is another tee connector in the liquid circulation unit 30. The second tee 38 has two inlets and one outlet. One inlet of the second tee 38 is connected to and communicates with the output port 533 of the heat exchange plate 53 of the distribution cabinet, used to receive the heat-regulating medium flowing through the heat exchange plate 53 and completing heat exchange. The other inlet of the second tee 38 is connected to and communicates with the first passage 311 from the first tee 37, used to receive the portion of the heat-regulating medium that flows out of the cell heat exchange plate 35 but does not enter the power distribution circulation unit 50. The outlet of the second tee 38 is connected to and communicates with the heat-regulating medium side inlet of the heat exchanger 39 via a pipe. The second tee 38 can be a Y-type tee, a T-type tee, or other structural forms. The second tee 38 can be made of copper, stainless steel, cast iron, or engineering plastics, etc. The connection method between the second tee 38 and each pipe can be threaded connection, flange connection, welding, or quick coupling connection.

[0066] Heat exchanger 39 is the interface between heat pump unit 10 and liquid circulation unit 30 for heat exchange. Heat exchanger 39 can be a plate heat exchanger, a coaxial heat exchanger, or a shell-and-tube heat exchanger. In cooling mode, the refrigerant in heat pump unit 10 evaporates in heat exchanger 39, absorbing heat from the heat conditioning medium in liquid circulation unit 30, thus lowering the temperature of the heat conditioning medium. In heating mode, the refrigerant in heat pump unit 10 condenses in heat exchanger 39, releasing heat to the heat conditioning medium in liquid circulation unit 30, thus raising the temperature of the heat conditioning medium. The heat conditioning medium side inlet of heat exchanger 39 is connected and communicates with the second three-way valve 38, and the heat conditioning medium side outlet of heat exchanger 39 is connected and communicates with the inlet of liquid pump 33.

[0067] The power distribution circulation unit 50 is a temperature control actuator integrated within the power distribution cabinet 501. The second passage 51 is a pipe used to connect the first tee 37 and the second tee 38. The second passage 51 can be made of the same or different materials and specifications as the liquid circulation pipe 31.

[0068] The heat exchange plate 53 of the distribution cabinet is a component that exchanges heat with a heat source (e.g., equipment or air inside the distribution cabinet 501). The heat exchange plate 53 can be a plate-shaped, flat tube-shaped, or jacketed structure made of a material with high thermal conductivity, such as aluminum or copper. In some embodiments, the heat exchange plate 53 is installed on the inner wall of the distribution cabinet 501, such as the side wall or top, and exchanges heat with the air inside the distribution cabinet 501 through radiation and convection, thereby exchanging heat with the components 503 inside the distribution cabinet 501 via the air. In other embodiments, the heat exchange plate 53 is directly connected to the components 503 inside the distribution cabinet 501 and exchanges heat with them. When a heat-regulating medium with a temperature lower than the dew point flows through the heat exchange plate 53 of the distribution cabinet, the surface temperature of the heat exchange plate 53 decreases, thus cooling the interior of the distribution cabinet 501. Simultaneously, when the humid air inside the distribution cabinet 501 comes into contact with the low-temperature surface of the heat exchange plate 53, moisture condenses and is discharged outside the distribution cabinet 501 through pre-designed drainage holes or collection tanks, achieving dehumidification. When a heat-regulating medium with a higher temperature flows through the heat exchange plate 53, the heat exchange plate 53 dissipates heat to the air inside the distribution cabinet 501 through convection and radiation, thus heating the interior and preventing condensation.

[0069] The heat-regulating medium circulates in the liquid circulation pipe 31 and the second passage 51, serving as the working fluid for carrying and transferring heat. The heat-regulating medium can be water, an aqueous solution of ethylene glycol, an aqueous solution of propylene glycol, or other types of antifreeze or heat transfer oil. Driven by the liquid pump 33, the heat-regulating medium is cooled or heated as it flows through the heat exchanger 39, then flows through the cell heat exchange plate 35 to exchange heat with the cell 3031. Afterward, it is distributed as it flows through the first three-way valve 37; one portion flows through the second passage 51 to the second three-way valve 38, and another portion flows directly through the first passage 311 to the second three-way valve 38. The two portions of the heat-regulating medium merge and finally return to the heat exchanger 39, completing a full cycle.

[0070] In the thermal management system 100 provided in this application, the heat pump unit 10 provides cooling and heating capacity, enabling the thermal management system 100 to have bidirectional temperature control capability; the liquid circulation unit 30 circulates the heat regulating medium to transport cooling or heating capacity to the cell heat exchange plate 35, thereby achieving temperature control of the cell 3031; the second passage 51 and the first three-way passage 37 connect the distribution cabinet heat exchange plate 53 to the liquid circulation unit 30 for the cell 3031, thereby realizing the use of the same liquid circulation system to regulate the temperature of the cell 3031 and the inside of the distribution cabinet 501, eliminating the need to separately configure air conditioning and dehumidification for the distribution cabinet 501. The inclusion of temperature control equipment such as heaters and fans saves installation space within the distribution cabinet 501. Furthermore, the shared heat pump unit 10 and liquid circulation system between the battery cell 3031 and the distribution cabinet 501 eliminate the need for separate power and control lines, simplifying wiring within the cabinet. Additionally, by avoiding high-energy-consuming equipment like temperature control devices, the residual cooling or heat carried by the heat-regulating medium after passing through the battery cell 3031 during liquid circulation controls the temperature within the distribution cabinet 501, reducing the energy consumption of the power distribution system 500 and saving operating costs. (Please refer to...) Figure 1 and Figure 2 As an optional technical solution of this application, the heat pump unit 10 includes a heat pump circulation pipeline 11, and a compressor 13, a condenser 15, an expansion valve 17, and a heat exchanger 39 sequentially arranged on the heat pump circulation pipeline 11. The compressor 13 is used to compress the refrigerant and change it to a high-temperature and high-pressure state. The condenser 15 is used to release the heat of the high-temperature and high-pressure refrigerant to the environment. The expansion valve 17 is used to throttle and reduce the pressure of the refrigerant. The heat exchanger 39 is used as an evaporator to absorb heat from the heat conditioning medium or as the condenser 15 to release heat to the heat conditioning medium.

[0071] The heat pump circulation pipe 11 is the pipe in the heat pump unit 10 that supplies the refrigerant for circulation. The heat pump circulation pipe 11 serves as a carrier, connecting components in the heat pump unit 10 such as the compressor 13, condenser 15, expansion valve 17, and heat exchanger 39. The heat pump circulation pipe 11 can be made of copper or seamless steel pipe to provide good thermal conductivity, pressure resistance, and corrosion resistance. The heat pump circulation pipe 11 connects the compressor 13, condenser 15, expansion valve 17, and heat exchanger 39 sequentially through welding, flanges, or threaded connections to form a complete heat pump circulation loop.

[0072] Compressor 13 is the device in heat pump unit 10 that provides power for refrigerant circulation. Compressor 13 can be a scroll compressor, rotary compressor, or reciprocating compressor, etc. Condenser 15 is the heat release device in heat pump unit 10. Condenser 15 can be an air-cooled condenser or a water-cooled condenser. Expansion valve 17 is a throttling and pressure-reducing device in heat pump unit 10. Expansion valve 17 can be a thermostatic expansion valve, electronic expansion valve, or capillary tube, etc. Heat exchanger 39 in heat pump unit 10 plays a role in exchanging heat with liquid circulation unit 30.

[0073] Please see Figure 1 In cooling mode, the heat pump unit 10 operates with compressor 13, driven by a motor, drawing in low-temperature, low-pressure refrigerant gas from heat exchanger 39 and compressing it to output high-temperature, high-pressure gaseous refrigerant. Condenser 15 condenses the high-temperature, high-pressure refrigerant gas discharged from compressor 13 into a medium-temperature, high-pressure liquid. Expansion valve 17 throttles the medium-temperature, high-pressure liquid refrigerant from condenser 15, causing its pressure to drop sharply, transforming it into a low-temperature, low-pressure gas-liquid two-phase mixture. Expansion valve 17 detects the refrigerant superheat at the outlet of heat exchanger 39 using a temperature sensor and automatically adjusts its opening to control the refrigerant flow rate into heat exchanger 39. At this time, heat exchanger 39 operates as an evaporator. The low-temperature, low-pressure refrigerant flowing from expansion valve 17 absorbs heat from the heat regulating medium inside heat exchanger 39 and evaporates into low-temperature, low-pressure gas. This low-temperature, low-pressure gas is then drawn into compressor 13 and enters the next refrigeration cycle.

[0074] Please see Figure 2The heat pump unit 10 also includes a four-way reversing valve installed on the heat pump circulation pipeline 11. When the heat pump unit 10 is heating, the four-way reversing valve switches the flow direction of the refrigerant in the circulation pipeline. At this time, the compressor 13, driven by a motor, draws in low-temperature, low-pressure refrigerant gas from the condenser 15 (which functions as an evaporator at this time), compresses it, and outputs high-temperature, high-pressure gaseous refrigerant. The high-temperature, high-pressure gaseous refrigerant enters the heat exchanger 39, which then operates as the condenser 15. The high-temperature, high-pressure refrigerant gas flowing into heat exchanger 39 exchanges heat with the lower-temperature heat regulating medium flowing through the other side of heat exchanger 39. The refrigerant releases heat to the heat regulating medium and condenses itself into a medium-temperature, high-pressure liquid due to cooling. The medium-temperature, high-pressure liquid refrigerant flows out of heat exchanger 39, which serves as condenser 15, and enters expansion valve 17. Expansion valve 17 throttles and reduces the pressure of the liquid refrigerant, turning it into a low-temperature, low-pressure gas-liquid two-phase mixture. It then enters condenser 15 (at this time, condenser 15 functions as an evaporator). In condenser 15, the low-temperature, low-pressure refrigerant absorbs heat from the external environment (air or water) and rapidly evaporates into a low-temperature, low-pressure gas. The low-temperature, low-pressure gas is then drawn into compressor 13 to begin the next heating cycle.

[0075] In the above technical solution, the compressor 13, condenser 15, expansion valve 17, and heat exchanger 39 constitute the core of the heat pump unit 10 cycle. When the heat pump unit 10 is cooling, the heat exchanger 39 operates as an evaporator, absorbing heat from the heat regulating medium to provide cooling capacity to the liquid circulation unit 30; when the heat pump unit 10 is heating, it operates as a condenser 15, releasing heat to the heat regulating medium to provide heating capacity to the liquid circulation unit 30. This allows for the simultaneous fulfillment of both cooling and heating needs using the same hardware structure, simplifying the architecture of the thermal management system 100.

[0076] Please see Figure 1 As an optional technical solution of this application, the second three-way valve 38 is a second three-way valve. The thermal management system 100 also includes a control unit 70, which is communicatively connected to the second three-way valve and is configured to control the opening degree of the second three-way valve to control the flow of the heat regulating medium in the first passage 311 to the heat exchanger 39, or the heat regulating medium in the first passage 311 and the second passage 51 to flow back to the heat exchanger 39 after merging.

[0077] In the above technical solution, a second three-way valve 38 is provided on the first passage 311, and the output port 533 is connected to the second three-way valve 38. This allows the heat regulation medium flowing out of the heat exchange plate 53 of the distribution cabinet to smoothly merge with the heat regulation medium of the main circuit and flow back to the heat exchanger 39 together. This simplifies the pipeline design and ensures the integrity and flow stability of the entire liquid circulation loop. At the same time, the control unit 70 can control the opening of the second three-way valve 38 and the connection between the second passage 51 and the heat exchanger 39 when the temperature in the distribution cabinet 501 needs to be adjusted, so that the heat regulation medium on the second passage 51 can flow to the heat exchanger 39. When the temperature in the distribution cabinet 501 does not need to be adjusted, the control unit 70 can control the disconnection between the second passage 51 and the heat exchanger 39, allowing only the heat regulation medium in the liquid circulation pipeline 31 to circulate and regulate the temperature of the battery cell 3031. This provides flexible and convenient control. Furthermore, the heat-regulating medium flowing from the heat exchange plate 53 of the distribution cabinet mixes with the heat-regulating medium on the first passage 311 inside the second three-way valve 38, achieving preliminary temperature equalization between the two heat-regulating media, which may have different temperatures, before entering the heat exchanger 39. The second three-way valve 38 ensures that the two fluids can mix smoothly, avoiding turbulence or excessive local resistance in the pipeline.

[0078] Please see Figure 1 or Figure 2 As an optional technical solution of this application, the first three-way valve 37 is a first three-way valve. The first three-way valve is used to control the flow ratio between the heat regulation medium flowing to the second passage 51 and the heat regulation medium flowing to the first passage 311 by adjusting the opening degree.

[0079] The first three-way valve is an adjustable fluid distribution device. It has one fluid inlet and two fluid outlets. The inlet of the first three-way valve is directly connected to the outlet of the battery cell heat exchange plate 35 via a pipe, for receiving the heat-regulating medium flowing out of the battery cell heat exchange plate 35. One outlet of the first three-way valve is connected to the inlet 531 of the distribution cabinet heat exchange plate 53 via a second passage 51, and the other outlet is connected to the first passage 311 leading to the heat exchanger 39.

[0080] In some embodiments, the first three-way valve is an electrically operated three-way regulating valve. This valve uses a motor to drive the valve core, changing the relative position between the valve core and the valve seat, thereby precisely regulating the flow ratio to the two outlets. In other embodiments, the first three-way valve is an electrically operated three-way ball valve. This valve distributes flow by rotating the ball's channel angle, featuring a simple structure and good sealing performance. In still other embodiments, the first three-way valve is a self-operated three-way temperature control valve. This valve automatically adjusts the valve core position based on temperature changes detected by a temperature sensing element, requiring no external power.

[0081] In the above technical solution, the first three-way valve 37 adopts a first three-way valve, which can adjust its opening to precisely control the flow ratio of the heat regulating medium flowing to the heat exchange plate 53 (second passage 51) of the distribution cabinet and directly returning to the heat exchanger 39 (first passage 311), thereby achieving precise control of the temperature inside the distribution cabinet 501.

[0082] Please see Figure 1 or Figure 2 As an optional technical solution of this application, the thermal management system 100 also includes a control unit 70, which is communicatively connected to the first three-way valve and configured to control the opening degree of the first three-way valve based on the temperature and / or humidity inside the distribution cabinet 501.

[0083] The control unit 70 is the unit that plays a control role in the thermal management system 100. The control unit 70 can be a programmable logic controller (PLC), a distributed control system (DCS), or a microcontroller unit (MCU). The control unit 70 may include basic components such as a central processing unit, memory, input / output interfaces, and communication modules. The control unit 70 establishes a communication connection with the first three-way valve via wired or wireless communication. Wireless communication methods include Wi-Fi, Bluetooth, ZigBee, or LoRa, and the same applies to wireless communication methods in the following text. The control unit 70 sends control signals to the first three-way valve to drive the actuator inside the first three-way valve, precisely controlling the valve opening. When it is necessary to increase the temperature control intensity of the distribution cabinet 501, the control unit 70 controls the first three-way valve to increase the opening of the flow to the second passage 51 and correspondingly decrease the opening of the flow to the first passage 311; when it is necessary to decrease the temperature control intensity of the distribution cabinet 501, the control unit 70 controls the first three-way valve to decrease the opening of the flow to the second passage 51 and correspondingly increase the opening of the flow to the first passage 311.

[0084] In the above technical solution, a control unit 70 is added to the thermal management system 100. The control unit 70 can automatically control the opening degree of the first three-way valve based on the temperature and / or humidity inside the distribution cabinet 501, thereby realizing the automated management of the distribution cabinet 501 and reducing manual intervention.

[0085] Please see Figures 1 to 3 As an optional technical solution of this application, the thermal management system 100 also includes a temperature sensor 91 installed inside the distribution cabinet 501. The temperature sensor 91 is configured to collect the air temperature T_air inside the distribution cabinet 501. The control unit 70 is also communicatively connected to the temperature sensor 91, the heat pump unit 10, and the liquid pump 33, and is further configured to: Obtain the air temperature T_air inside distribution cabinet 501; When the air temperature T_air inside the distribution cabinet 501 is lower than the preset minimum temperature value x℃, the heat pump unit 10 is controlled to enter the heating mode, and the liquid pump 33 is controlled to increase its speed. Simultaneously, the opening of the first three-way valve flowing to the second passage 51 is controlled to be greater than the opening flowing to the first passage 311. Alternatively, if the heat pump unit 10 does not need to enter the heating mode, the opening of the first three-way valve flowing to the second passage 51 is reduced. When the air temperature T_air inside the distribution cabinet 501 is higher than the preset maximum temperature value y℃, the heat pump unit 10 is controlled to enter the cooling mode, and the liquid pump 33 is controlled to speed up. At the same time, the opening degree of the first three-way valve flowing to the second passage 51 is increased.

[0086] Temperature sensor 91 is a detection element for monitoring the internal ambient temperature of distribution cabinet 501. Temperature sensor 91 can be a resistance temperature detector (RTD), thermocouple, or semiconductor temperature sensor. Temperature sensor 91 is installed inside distribution cabinet 501, located in areas with good air circulation, near heat-generating components, or distributed across multiple locations. Temperature sensor 91 communicates with control unit 70 via wired or wireless means to transmit detected cabinet parameters to control unit 70. These cabinet parameters include, but are not limited to: the air temperature T_air inside distribution cabinet 501, the surface temperature T_cold of the heat exchange plate 53, and the back panel temperature T_back of distribution cabinet 501. Furthermore, cabinet parameters may also include the relative humidity RH_air inside distribution cabinet 501. In this case, thermal management system 100 also includes a humidity sensor 93 installed inside distribution cabinet 501. Humidity sensor 93 is also communicatively connected to control unit 70 and is used to monitor the relative humidity RH_air inside distribution cabinet 501 and transmit it to control unit 70.

[0087] The control unit 70 filters and corrects the received parameters from inside the cabinet to eliminate monitoring noise and hardware errors. The control unit 70 internally stores preset temperature thresholds, including a minimum temperature value x℃ and a maximum temperature value y℃. The minimum temperature value x℃ is set according to the minimum allowable operating temperature of the equipment inside the distribution cabinet 501, and the maximum temperature value y℃ is set according to the maximum allowable operating temperature of the equipment inside the distribution cabinet 501.

[0088] When the control unit 70 determines that T_air is below x℃, in one embodiment, the control unit 70 sends a heating mode command to the heat pump unit 10 to start the heating cycle. Simultaneously, the control unit 70 sends an acceleration command to the liquid pump 33 to increase its speed, thereby increasing the circulation flow rate of the heat conditioning medium and enhancing heat exchange efficiency. The control unit 70 also sends a control command to the first three-way valve to control and adjust its opening, ensuring that the flow rate of the heat conditioning medium to the second passage 51 is greater than the flow rate to the first passage 311, thereby increasing the temperature inside the distribution cabinet 501. In another embodiment, the control unit 70 controls the heat pump unit 10 to not enter heating mode, but instead controls and reduces the opening of the first three-way valve to the second passage 51 to reduce the cooling effect on the distribution cabinet 501. Simultaneously, it utilizes the self-heating of the distribution cabinet 501 during operation to increase its internal temperature until T_air is within the safe operating temperature range [x℃, y℃].

[0089] When the control unit 70 determines that T_air is higher than y℃, it sends a cooling mode command to the heat pump unit 10 to start the cooling cycle. Simultaneously, the control unit 70 sends an acceleration command to the liquid pump 33 to increase its speed and enhance the heat dissipation capacity of the thermal management system 100. The control unit 70 also sends a control command to the first three-way valve to increase the opening of the valve to the second passage 51, thereby increasing the flow rate of the heat regulating medium to the heat exchange plate 53 of the distribution cabinet and strengthening the cooling effect on the distribution cabinet 501.

[0090] In the above technical solution, the control unit 70 obtains the air temperature T_air inside the distribution cabinet 501, and starts the heating mode when the air temperature T_air inside the distribution cabinet 501 is too low, and starts the cooling mode when the air temperature T_air inside the distribution cabinet 501 is too high. At the same time, it controls the liquid pump 33 to speed up to enhance the heat exchange efficiency, and adjusts the opening of the first three-way valve accordingly to ensure that the temperature inside the distribution cabinet 501 can be quickly restored to the safe operating temperature range under extreme temperatures.

[0091] Please see Figure 1 and Figure 3 As an optional technical solution of this application, when the heat pump unit 10 enters the cooling mode, the control unit 70 is further configured to: Based on the difference between the air temperature T_air inside the distribution cabinet 501 and the highest temperature value y℃, multiple cooling levels are defined. Each cooling level corresponds to a temperature range, a preset speed setting of the liquid pump 33, and a preset opening value of the first three-way valve flowing to the second passage 51; and The speed of the liquid pump 33 and the opening degree of the first three-way valve to the second passage 51 are adjusted step by step according to multiple refrigeration levels. Among them, as the absolute value of the difference decreases, the lower the refrigeration level, the smaller the speed of the liquid pump 33 and the smaller the opening value.

[0092] The control unit 70 internally stores a cooling level classification table for different cooling modes. This table is based on the temperature difference ΔT1 = |T_air - y℃|. In some implementations, the cooling demand is divided into at least three levels: Level 1 cooling, Level 2 cooling, and Level 3 cooling. Each cooling level corresponds to a temperature difference range; for example, Level 1 cooling corresponds to ΔT1 ≤ 2℃, Level 2 cooling corresponds to 2℃ < ΔT1 ≤ 5℃, and Level 3 cooling corresponds to ΔT1 > 5℃.

[0093] Each refrigeration level is equipped with a corresponding liquid pump 33 speed. Level 1 refrigeration corresponds to a lower liquid pump 33 speed, for example, 40%-50% of the rated speed; Level 2 refrigeration corresponds to a medium speed, for example, 50%-70% of the rated speed; and Level 3 refrigeration uses a higher speed, for example, 70%-90% of the rated speed. The control unit 70 achieves precise speed control by adjusting the drive frequency or voltage of the liquid pump 33 motor.

[0094] Each refrigeration level is also equipped with a corresponding opening value for the first three-way valve. In some embodiments, the opening value of the first three-way valve to the second passage 51 is expressed as a percentage, corresponding to the degree to which the valve is open to the second passage 51. For first-stage refrigeration, the opening of the first three-way valve to the second passage 51 is set at 20%-30%; for second-stage refrigeration, the opening is increased to 30%-50%; and for third-stage refrigeration, the opening is further increased to 50%-80%. The control unit 70 sets the specific opening value by sending a corresponding control signal to the first three-way valve.

[0095] The control unit 70 monitors the temperature sensor 91 in real time, collects the temperature T_air, calculates the current temperature difference ΔT1 between T_air and the set value y℃, and determines the applicable refrigeration level according to a preset refrigeration level classification table. Based on the determined refrigeration level, the control unit 70 calls the corresponding speed of the liquid pump 33 and the opening value of the first three-way valve, and sends control commands to the liquid pump 33 and the first three-way valve.

[0096] When the temperature difference ΔT1 changes and crosses the boundary of an adjacent refrigeration level, the control unit 70 automatically switches to the corresponding refrigeration level and smoothly adjusts the speed of the liquid pump 33 and the opening value of the first three-way valve. The control unit 70 adopts a gradual adjustment method when switching heating levels to avoid sudden changes in the speed of the liquid pump 33 and the valve opening, ensuring the stability of the thermal management system 100.

[0097] In the above technical solution, in the cooling mode, the control unit 70 divides multiple cooling levels according to the difference between the air temperature T_air in the power distribution cabinet 501 and the highest temperature value y℃ and controls the adjustment step by step, so that the control of the speed of the liquid pump 33 and the opening of the first three-way valve are precisely matched with the actual heat dissipation requirements, realizing a smooth transition from low power consumption to high heat dissipation, and improving the energy efficiency and temperature control stability of the thermal management system 100.

[0098] Please see Figure 2 and Figure 3 As an optional technical solution of this application, when the heat pump unit 10 enters the heating mode, the control unit 70 is further configured to: Based on the difference between the air temperature T_air inside the distribution cabinet 501 and the lowest temperature value x℃, multiple heating levels are defined. Each heating level corresponds to a temperature range, a preset speed setting of the liquid pump 33, and a preset opening value of the first three-way valve flowing to the second passage 51; and The speed of the liquid pump 33 and the opening degree of the first three-way valve to the second passage 51 are adjusted step by step according to multiple heating levels; wherein, as the absolute value of the difference decreases, the lower the heating level, the smaller the speed of the liquid pump 33 and the smaller the opening value.

[0099] The control unit 70 internally stores a heating level classification table for the heating mode. The heating level classification table is based on the temperature difference ΔT2 = |x℃ - T_air|. In some embodiments, the heating demand is divided into at least three levels: low heating level, medium heating level, and high heating level. Each heating level corresponds to a temperature difference range; for example, low heating level corresponds to ΔT2 ≤ 3℃, medium heating level corresponds to 3℃ < ΔT2 ≤ 6℃, and high heating level corresponds to ΔT2 > 6℃.

[0100] Each heating level is equipped with a corresponding pump speed 33. Lower heating levels correspond to lower pump speeds 33, such as 40%-50% of the rated speed; medium heating levels correspond to medium pump speeds 33, such as 50%-70% of the rated speed; and high heating levels correspond to higher pump speeds 33, such as 70%-90% of the rated speed. The control unit 70 achieves precise speed control by adjusting the drive frequency or voltage of the pump motor 33.

[0101] Each heating level is also configured with a corresponding opening value for the first three-way valve. Lower heating levels correspond to smaller opening values, such as 20%-30%; medium heating levels correspond to medium opening values, such as 30%-50%; and high heating levels correspond to larger opening values, such as 50%-70%. The control unit 70 sets the specific opening value by sending corresponding control signals to the first three-way valve.

[0102] The control unit 70 monitors the temperature sensor 91 in real time, collects the temperature T_air, calculates the temperature difference ΔT2 between T_air and the set value x℃, and determines the current heating level according to a preset heating level classification table. Based on the determined heating level, the control unit 70 adjusts the rotation speed of the corresponding liquid pump 33 and the opening value of the first three-way valve, and sends control commands to the liquid pump 33 and the first three-way valve.

[0103] When the temperature difference ΔT2 changes and crosses the boundary of an adjacent heating level, the control unit 70 automatically switches to the corresponding heating level and smoothly adjusts the speed of the liquid pump 33 and the opening of the first three-way valve to the new set values. The control unit 70 adopts a gradual adjustment method when switching heating levels to avoid sudden changes in the speed of the liquid pump 33 and the valve opening, thus ensuring the stability of the thermal management system 100.

[0104] In the above technical solution, in the heating mode, the control unit 70 divides the heating level into multiple levels according to the difference between the air temperature T_air in the distribution cabinet 501 and the lowest temperature value x℃, and controls the adjustment step by step, so that the control of the speed of the liquid pump 33 and the opening of the first three-way valve are precisely matched with the actual heating demand, avoiding energy waste and frequent start-stop of the equipment, and realizing a stable and energy-saving heating process.

[0105] Please see Figure 1 and Figure 3 As an optional technical solution of this application, the temperature sensor 91 is configured to: collect the surface temperature T_cold of the heat exchange plate 53 of the power distribution cabinet; the control unit 70 is further configured to: When the air temperature T_air inside the distribution cabinet 501 is between x℃ and y℃, obtain the dew point temperature T_dp of the air inside the distribution cabinet 501. When the surface temperature T_cold of the heat exchange plate 53 of the distribution cabinet is higher than the dew point temperature T_dp by a preset safety margin Δ℃, the air temperature T_air inside the distribution cabinet 501 is controlled and maintained. If the surface temperature T_cold of the heat exchange plate 53 of the distribution cabinet is not higher than the dew point temperature T_dp by a preset safety margin △℃, and the surface temperature T_cold of the heat exchange plate 53 of the distribution cabinet is lower than the dew point temperature T_dp, the condensation treatment procedure is started. If the surface temperature T_cold of the heat exchange plate 53 of the distribution cabinet is not higher than the dew point temperature T_dp by a preset safety margin △℃, and the surface temperature T_cold of the heat exchange plate 53 of the distribution cabinet exceeds the dew point temperature T_dp by a preset threshold, the anti-condensation program is activated.

[0106] In some embodiments, the temperature sensor 91 can be closely attached to the surface of the heat exchange plate 53 of the power distribution cabinet through thermal conductive silicone grease or thermal conductive adhesive to accurately collect the surface temperature T_cold of the heat exchange plate 53 of the power distribution cabinet.

[0107] The control unit 70 obtains the surface temperature T_cold of the heat exchange plate 53 of the power distribution cabinet in real time through the temperature sensor 91, and obtains the relative humidity value of the air in the power distribution cabinet 501 through the humidity sensor 93. The control unit 70 calculates the dew point temperature T_dp of the air in the power distribution cabinet 501 according to the collected air temperature T_air and relative humidity value RH_air. The calculation formula is:

[0108] The safety margin △℃ can be set according to the anti-condensation requirements of the components in the power distribution cabinet 501, and usually takes a value of 2℃ - 5℃. When T_cold > T_dp + △℃, the control unit 70 determines that there is no condensation risk at present, maintains the existing temperature control strategy, and continues to keep the air temperature T_air in the power distribution cabinet 501 within the safe operating temperature range [x℃, y℃].

[0109] When T_cold ≤ T_dp + △℃ and T_cold < T_dp, the control unit 70 determines that condensation has occurred and immediately starts the condensation treatment program. For example, the control unit 70 first confirms the condensation range through the humidity sensor 93 or visual sensor installed near the heat exchange plate 53 of the power distribution cabinet to determine whether the condensation is only limited to the surface of the heat exchange plate 53 of the power distribution cabinet.

[0110] When T_cold ≤ T_dp + △℃, T_cold ≥ T_dp and T_cold exceeds the dew point temperature T_dp by a preset threshold, the control unit 70 determines that condensation has not actually occurred but there is a condensation risk, and at this time starts the anti-condensation program. Among them, the preset threshold is a relatively small value used to characterize that T_cold is very close to T_dp, and if not intervened, condensation is very likely to occur.

[0111] In the above technical solution, when the air temperature T_air in the power distribution cabinet 501 is within the allowable temperature range of operation, the control unit 70 can determine which of the following three situations belongs to by calculating the dew point temperature T_dp and comparing it with the surface temperature T_cold of the heat exchange plate 53 of the power distribution cabinet: (1) no condensation has occurred and there is no risk of condensation; (2) condensation has occurred; (3) no condensation has occurred but there is a risk of condensation; the control unit 70 also controls and takes different measures such as maintaining the current situation, starting the condensation treatment program and starting the anti-condensation program according to situations (1) to (3) to actively prevent electrical equipment short circuits or damages caused by condensation.

[0112] Please refer to Figure 1 and Figure 3 As an optional technical solution of this application, the condensation treatment procedure includes: Confirm whether condensation only occurs on heat exchange plate 53 of the distribution cabinet; If so, activate the condensate drainage device that is matched with the heat exchange plate 53 of the distribution cabinet to discharge the condensate water to the outside of the distribution cabinet 501. If not, a high-risk alarm signal indicating the presence of non-directional condensation in distribution cabinet 501 will be generated and reported.

[0113] Whether condensation occurs only on the heat exchange plate 53 of the distribution cabinet can be determined by multiple detection units distributed at different locations within the distribution cabinet 501. These detection units include a first humidity sensor 93 installed on the heat exchange plate 53, a second humidity sensor 93 installed on the inner wall of the distribution cabinet 501, and a third humidity sensor 93 installed near the electrical components (equipment). The control unit 70 compares the humidity detection data of each sensor. When only the first humidity sensor 93 detects a humidity value exceeding the condensation threshold, while the humidity values ​​of other sensors are normal, it is determined that directional condensation occurs only on the heat exchange plate 53 of the distribution cabinet.

[0114] The condensation drainage device includes a water collection tank, a guide pipe, and a drain valve. The water collection tank is made of hydrophobic material and is installed along the bottom edge of the heat exchange plate 53 of the distribution cabinet, with a sloping gradient. The guide pipe, made of corrosion-resistant plastic or metal, extends from the lowest point of the water collection tank, maintaining a continuous downward slope to the outside of the distribution cabinet 501. The drain valve is a solenoid valve or an electric ball valve, which remains closed under normal conditions to prevent backflow of external air.

[0115] When directional condensation is confirmed, the control unit 70 immediately initiates the condensation handling procedure (i.e., the drainage procedure). The control unit 70 controls the drain valve to open, so that the condensate is discharged to the outside of the distribution cabinet 501 through the water collection tank and the guide pipe. In some embodiments, the condensation drainage device also includes a water level sensor. During the drainage process, the control unit 70 continuously monitors the data collected by the water level sensor in the water collection tank, and closes the drain valve after the water level drops to a safe position, completing a single drainage operation.

[0116] Furthermore, when multiple humidity sensors 93 simultaneously detect excessive humidity, or detect water droplets in other locations within the distribution cabinet 501, the control unit 70 determines it to be a systemic condensation risk. At this time, the control unit 70 can immediately generate a high-risk alarm signal containing a timestamp, specific location, humidity value, and temperature data. The alarm signal is simultaneously reported through multiple communication channels, including on-site audible and visual alarms, SMS notifications to maintenance personnel, and uploads to a remote monitoring center via a communication interface.

[0117] Furthermore, while issuing a high-risk alarm, the control unit 70 automatically records relevant operating parameters for a period of time before and after the event, including temperature change curves, humidity change trends, and equipment operating status, forming a complete event report to provide data support for subsequent problem analysis and handling.

[0118] In the above technical solution, the condensation handling procedure can determine whether condensation only occurs on the surface of the heat exchange plate 53 of the distribution cabinet. If so, the condensate is drained through a drainage device to prevent water accumulation; if not, a high-risk alarm is issued to remind maintenance personnel to address the moisture problem inside the distribution cabinet 501, thereby improving the safety of the power distribution system 500.

[0119] Please see Figure 1 and Figure 3 As an optional technical solution of this application, the anti-condensation procedure includes: The control fine-tuning reduces the opening of the first three-way valve to the second passage 51, causing the surface temperature T_cold of the heat exchange plate 53 of the distribution cabinet to rise by a predetermined value.

[0120] When executing a specific anti-condensation procedure, the control unit 70 calculates the required temperature rise based on the real-time monitored difference between T_cold and T_dp. The predetermined temperature rise is typically set within the range of 1℃-3℃, and the specific value is dynamically adjusted according to the actual operating conditions.

[0121] The opening of the first three-way valve is fine-tuned in small steps, with each adjustment being 2%-5% of the total opening. For example, if the current opening of the first three-way valve to the second passage 51 is 50%, the control unit 70 gradually reduces it to 48%, 45%, etc., achieving a steady temperature rise through multiple small adjustments. This gradual adjustment method avoids drastic fluctuations in the parameters of the thermal management system 100.

[0122] When the control unit 70 reduces the opening of the first three-way valve to the second passage 51, the flow rate of the heat-regulating medium to the heat exchange plate 53 of the distribution cabinet decreases accordingly, while the flow rate of the heat-regulating medium to the first passage 311 increases. The heat exchange intensity between the heat exchange plate 53 of the distribution cabinet and the flowing heat-regulating medium weakens, causing the temperature T_cold on the surface of the heat exchange plate to gradually rise.

[0123] While adjusting the opening of the first three-way valve, the control unit 70 continuously monitors the rate and trend of change of the surface temperature T_cold of the heat exchange plate 53 in the distribution cabinet. If the temperature rises too slowly, the control unit 70 appropriately increases the single adjustment range; if the temperature rises too quickly, the adjustment range is reduced to ensure that the temperature reaches the target value smoothly.

[0124] The anti-condensation program can also be set with a temperature stability monitoring mechanism. When T_cold rises to a safety margin Δ℃ above T_dp and remains stable for at least a preset time, such as 5-10 minutes, the control unit 70 determines that the risk of condensation has been eliminated, then maintains the opening of the first three-way valve at the current position, exits the anti-condensation program, and restores the normal temperature control mode.

[0125] In the above technical solution, the anti-condensation procedure reduces the opening of the first three-way valve to the heat exchange plate 53 of the distribution cabinet by fine-tuning, so that the surface temperature T_cold of the heat exchange plate 53 of the distribution cabinet rises, thereby increasing the temperature of the condensation risk point and preventing the generation of condensation in advance.

[0126] Please see Figure 1 and Figure 3 Secondly, this application provides a thermal management method applied to the thermal management system 100 of any of the above embodiments. The thermal management method includes: The heat pump unit 10 generates cooling or heating capacity. The cooling or heating capacity is obtained by the heat regulating medium in the liquid circulation unit 30 when it flows through the heat exchanger 39, and is then transported to the cell heat exchange plate 35 to exchange heat with the cell 3031. Through the first three-way valve 37, the heat regulation medium flowing through the cell heat exchange plate 35 is distributed to the second passage 51 of the power distribution circulation unit 50 and the first passage 311 of the liquid circulation unit 30. The heat regulation medium distributed to the second channel 51 flows through the heat exchange plate 53 of the distribution cabinet 501, which is installed inside the distribution cabinet 501, to regulate the temperature and humidity inside the distribution cabinet 501.

[0127] In the thermal management method provided in this application, the heat pump unit 10 provides cooling and heating capacity, enabling the thermal management system 100 to have bidirectional temperature control capability; the cooling or heating capacity is transferred to the battery cell heat exchange plate 35 through the circulation of the heat regulating medium in the liquid circulation unit 30, thereby achieving temperature control of the battery cell 3031; the heat exchange plate 53 of the distribution cabinet is connected to the liquid circulation unit 30 for the battery cell 3031 through the second passage 51 and the first three-way 37, thereby realizing the use of the same liquid circulation system to regulate the temperature of the battery cell 3031 and the inside of the distribution cabinet 501, eliminating the need to configure a separate air conditioner for the distribution cabinet 501. The use of temperature control equipment such as dehumidifiers, heaters, and fans saves installation space inside the distribution cabinet 501. Furthermore, the battery cell 3031 and distribution cabinet 501 share the same heat pump unit 10 and liquid circulation system, eliminating the need for separate power and control lines for the distribution cabinet 501 and simplifying wiring within it. Additionally, by not using high-energy-consuming equipment like the aforementioned temperature control devices, the residual cooling or heat of the heat-regulating medium after passing through the battery cell 3031 during liquid circulation controls the temperature inside the distribution cabinet 501, reducing the operating energy consumption of the power distribution system 500 and saving operating costs.

[0128] Please see Figure 1 and Figure 3 As an optional technical solution of this application, the thermal management method further includes: Obtain the air temperature T_air inside distribution cabinet 501; When the air temperature T_air inside the distribution cabinet 501 is lower than the preset minimum temperature value x℃, the heat pump unit 10 enters the heating mode, the liquid pump 33 speeds up, and at the same time, the opening of the first three-way valve flowing to the second passage 51 is adjusted to be greater than the opening of the first passage 311. Alternatively, the heat pump unit 10 does not need to enter the heating mode, and the opening of the first three-way valve flowing to the second passage 51 is reduced. When the air temperature T_air inside the distribution cabinet 501 is higher than the preset maximum temperature value y℃, the heat pump unit 10 enters the cooling mode, the liquid pump 33 speeds up, and at the same time increases the opening of the first three-way valve to the second passage 51.

[0129] In the above technical solution, the thermal management method automatically switches between heating and cooling modes based on the air temperature T_air inside the distribution cabinet 501, and adjusts the speed of the liquid pump 33 and the opening of the first three-way valve, thereby achieving automatic and efficient control of the temperature inside the distribution cabinet 501 and ensuring that the equipment inside the distribution cabinet 501 always operates in a safe temperature environment.

[0130] Please see Figure 1 and Figure 3As an optional technical solution of this application, when the heat pump unit 10 enters the cooling mode, the liquid pump 33 speeds up and simultaneously increases the opening of the first three-way valve to the second passage 51, including: Based on the difference between the air temperature T_air inside the distribution cabinet 501 and the highest temperature value y℃, multiple cooling levels are defined. Each cooling level corresponds to a temperature range, a preset speed setting of the liquid pump 33, and a preset opening value of the first three-way valve flowing to the second passage 51; and The speed of the liquid pump 33 and the opening degree of the first three-way valve to the second passage 51 are adjusted step by step according to multiple refrigeration levels. Among them, as the absolute value of the difference decreases, the lower the refrigeration level, the smaller the speed of the liquid pump 33 and the smaller the opening value.

[0131] In the above technical solution, under cooling mode, a graded adjustment strategy is adopted, which links the control intensity to the temperature difference. When the temperature difference is large, heat dissipation is enhanced, and when the temperature difference is small, power is reduced. This ensures heat dissipation while avoiding overcooling and improving energy efficiency.

[0132] Please see Figure 2 and Figure 3 As an optional technical solution of this application, when the heat pump unit 10 enters the heating mode, the liquid pump 33 speeds up, and at the same time, the opening degree of the first three-way valve flowing to the second passage 51 is adjusted to be less than the opening degree of the flow to the first passage 311, including: Based on the difference between the air temperature T_air inside the distribution cabinet 501 and the lowest temperature value x℃, multiple heating levels are defined. Each heating level corresponds to a temperature range, a preset speed setting of the liquid pump 33, and a preset opening value of the first three-way valve flowing to the second passage 51; and The speed of the liquid pump 33 and the opening degree of the first three-way valve to the second passage 51 are adjusted step by step according to multiple heating levels; wherein, as the absolute value of the difference decreases, the lower the heating level, the smaller the speed of the liquid pump 33 and the smaller the opening value.

[0133] In the above technical solution, a graded adjustment strategy is adopted in the heating mode, which links the control intensity with the size of the temperature difference. When the temperature difference is large, the heating is strong, and when the temperature difference is small, the power is reduced. This ensures the heating effect while avoiding overheating and improving energy utilization efficiency.

[0134] Please see Figure 1 and Figure 3 As an optional technical solution of this application, the thermal management method further includes: When the air temperature T_air inside the distribution cabinet 501 is between x℃ and y℃, obtain the dew point temperature T_dp of the air inside the distribution cabinet 501. When the surface temperature T_cold of the heat exchange plate 53 of the distribution cabinet is higher than the dew point temperature T_dp by a preset safety margin Δ℃, the air temperature T_air inside the distribution cabinet 501 is controlled and maintained. If the surface temperature T_cold of the heat exchange plate 53 of the distribution cabinet is not higher than the dew point temperature T_dp by a preset safety margin △℃, and the surface temperature T_cold of the heat exchange plate 53 of the distribution cabinet is lower than the dew point temperature T_dp, the condensation treatment procedure is started. If the surface temperature T_cold of the heat exchange plate 53 of the distribution cabinet is not higher than the dew point temperature T_dp by a preset safety margin △℃, and the surface temperature T_cold of the heat exchange plate 53 of the distribution cabinet exceeds the dew point temperature T_dp by a preset threshold, the anti-condensation program is activated.

[0135] In the above technical solution, when the air temperature T_air in the distribution cabinet 501 is within the working temperature range, the dew point temperature T_dp is introduced and compared with the surface temperature T_cold of the heat exchange plate 53 of the distribution cabinet to determine which of the following three situations applies: (1) no condensation occurs and there is no risk of condensation; (2) condensation has occurred; (3) no condensation occurs but there is a risk of condensation. According to situations (1) to (3), different measures such as maintaining the status quo, starting the condensation treatment procedure and starting the anti-condensation procedure are taken to actively prevent short circuits or damage to electrical equipment caused by condensation.

[0136] Please see Figure 1 and Figure 3 The condensation handling and anti-condensation procedures in the thermal management method are the same as those described in the thermal management system 100, and will not be repeated here.

[0137] Please see Figure 4 Thirdly, this application also provides an energy storage cabinet 1000A, which includes a battery cabinet 301, a power distribution cabinet 501, and a thermal management system 100 according to any of the above embodiments. The power distribution cabinet 501 and the battery cabinet 301 are either an integral structure or separate structures connected to each other. A liquid circulation unit 30 is disposed within the battery cabinet 301, a power distribution circulation unit 50 is disposed within the power distribution cabinet 501, and a heat pump unit 10 is disposed within the power distribution cabinet 501 or the battery cabinet 301.

[0138] Please see Figure 5 Fourthly, this application also provides an energy storage device 1000. The energy storage device 1000 includes a battery pack 303 and an energy storage cabinet 1000A according to the above embodiments. The battery pack 303 includes battery cells 3031. The battery pack 303 is disposed inside the battery cabinet 301, and a battery cell heat exchange plate 35 is disposed on the battery pack 303.

[0139] Please see Figure 6 Fourthly, this application provides an electrical device 10000. The electrical device 10000 includes a high-voltage cable 2000, a first power conversion device 3000, a second power conversion device 4000, and an energy storage device 1000 according to any embodiment provided in this application. In some embodiments of the power generation scenario, the second power conversion device 4000 can be a wind power conversion device. Since the electricity generated by wind power conversion is volatile, random, and intermittent, the unstable electricity output by the wind power conversion device can be stored in the energy storage device 1000 through grid connection. The energy storage device 1000 is connected to the high-voltage cable and outputs smooth electricity to the power consumption side of the distribution network, achieving peak shaving and frequency regulation, and stable grid operation; or, the wind power conversion... The device is always connected to the high-voltage cable. Under normal power generation conditions, the power output of the wind power conversion device is supplied to the power consumption side of the distribution network through the high-voltage cable. When the current power load is low and the wind power conversion device generates excess power, the excess power is first stored in the energy storage device 1000 to reduce wind and solar curtailment rates and improve the problem of new energy power generation consumption. When the power load is high, the power grid issues an instruction to transmit the power stored in the energy storage device 1000 together with the high-voltage cable 2000 in grid-connected mode to supply power to the power consumption side. This provides the power grid with various services such as peak shaving, frequency regulation, and backup, giving full play to the peak shaving role of the power grid, promoting peak shaving and valley filling, and alleviating the power supply pressure of the power grid.

[0140] In some embodiments on the distribution network side, the first power conversion device 3000 can be a photovoltaic power conversion device. The energy storage device 1000 is connected to the high-voltage cable 2000 and installed downstream of the high-voltage cable 2000 between the user load and the user load. The electrical energy output by the photovoltaic power conversion device is stored in the energy storage device 1000, which can respond in a timely manner to act as a backup power source when the power grid / distribution network fails. Alternatively, it can provide power supply support to alleviate line congestion when the high-voltage cable 2000 transmission line is blocked, and to delay the economic pressure caused by the expansion of the power grid / distribution capacity when the power grid is planned to be expanded.

[0141] Optionally, the first power conversion device 3000 may include, but is not limited to, a wind power conversion device, and the second power conversion device 4000 may include, but is not limited to, a photovoltaic power conversion device. The first power conversion device 3000 and the second power conversion device 4000 can convert at least one of solar energy, light energy, wind energy, thermal energy, tidal energy, biomass energy and mechanical energy into electrical energy.

[0142] The energy storage cabinet 1000A, energy storage device 1000 and electrical equipment 10000 provided in this application have the same beneficial effects as the thermal management system 100 mentioned above, and will not be elaborated further here.

[0143] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of this application, and not to limit them. Although this application has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that modifications can still be made to the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments, or equivalent substitutions can be made to some or all of the technical features therein. These modifications or substitutions do not cause the essence of the corresponding technical solutions to deviate from the scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of this application, and they should all be covered within the scope of the claims and specification of this application. In particular, as long as there is no structural conflict, the various technical features mentioned in the various embodiments can be combined in any way. This application is not limited to the specific embodiments disclosed herein, but includes all technical solutions falling within the scope of the claims.

Claims

1. A thermal management system (100) for an energy storage system (300) and a power distribution system (500), the energy storage system (300) comprising an electric cell (3031), the power distribution system (500) comprising a power distribution cabinet (501), characterized in that, The heat management system (100) comprises: a heat pump unit (10) for providing refrigeration or heating capacity; a liquid circulation unit (30) comprising a liquid circulation pipeline (31) for circulating flow of a heat regulating medium, a liquid pump (33) arranged on the liquid circulation pipeline (31) in sequence, a cell heat exchange plate (35), a first three-way valve (37), a second three-way valve (38) and a heat exchanger (39), the liquid pump (33) is used to drive the heat regulating medium to circulate and flow in the liquid circulation pipeline (31), the cell heat exchange plate (35) is used to exchange heat with the cell (3031), the heat exchanger (39) is used to exchange heat with the heat pump unit (10), and the liquid circulation pipeline (31) forms a first passage (311) between the first three-way valve (37) and the second three-way valve (38); and a power distribution circulation unit (50) comprising a second passage (51) and a power distribution cabinet heat exchange plate (53) arranged in the interior of the power distribution cabinet (501), the power distribution cabinet heat exchange plate (53) is arranged on the second passage (51) and comprises an input port (531) and an output port (533), the input port (531) is communicated with the first three-way valve (37), and the output port (533) is communicated with the heat exchanger (39) through the second three-way valve (38), the first three-way valve (37) is used to distribute the heat regulating medium from the cell heat exchange plate (35) to the second passage (51) and the first passage (311) where the power distribution cabinet heat exchange plate (533) is arranged, and the heat regulating medium flows to the heat exchanger (39) through the second three-way valve (38).

2. The thermal management system (100) of claim 1, characterized in that The heat pump unit (10) comprises: a heat pump circulation pipeline (11); and a compressor (13), a condenser (15), an expansion valve (17) and the heat exchanger (39) arranged on the heat pump circulation pipeline (11) in sequence, the compressor (13) is used to compress refrigerant and change it into a high-temperature and high-pressure state, the condenser (15) is used to release heat of the high-temperature and high-pressure refrigerant to the environment, the expansion valve (17) is used to throttle and depressurize the refrigerant, and the heat exchanger (39) is used to absorb heat of the heat regulating medium as an evaporator or release heat to the heat regulating medium as a condenser (15).

3. The thermal management system (100) according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that The second three-way valve (38) is a second three-way valve, and the heat management system (100) further comprises: a control unit (70) in communication connection with the second three-way valve and configured to control the opening degree of the second three-way valve to control the heat regulating medium in the first passage (311) to flow to the heat exchanger (39) or the heat regulating medium in the first passage (311) and the second passage (51) to converge and then flow back to the heat exchanger (39) together.

4. The thermal management system (100) according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that The first three-way (37) is a first three-way valve, which is used to control the flow ratio between the heat regulating medium flowing into the second passage (51) and the heat regulating medium flowing into the first passage (311) by adjusting the opening degree.

5. The thermal management system (100) of claim 4, characterized in that Further comprising: A control unit (70) is in communication connection with the first three-way valve, and is configured to control the opening degree of the first three-way valve based on the temperature and / or humidity inside the power distribution cabinet (501).

6. The thermal management system (100) of claim 5, characterized in that Further comprising a temperature sensor (91) arranged inside the power distribution cabinet (501), which is configured to collect the air temperature T_air inside the power distribution cabinet (501); the control unit (70) is also in communication connection with the temperature sensor (91), the heat pump unit (10), and the liquid pump (33), and is further configured to: Obtain the air temperature T_air inside the power distribution cabinet (501); In the case that the air temperature T_air inside the power distribution cabinet (501) is lower than the preset minimum temperature value x℃, control the heat pump unit (10) to enter the heating mode, control the liquid pump (33) to speed up, and at the same time control the opening degree of the first three-way valve flowing into the second passage (51) to be greater than the opening degree flowing into the first passage (311), or the heat pump unit (10) does not need to enter the heating mode, and the opening degree of the first three-way valve flowing into the second passage (51) is reduced; and In the case that the air temperature T_air inside the power distribution cabinet (501) is higher than the preset maximum temperature value y℃, control the heat pump unit (10) to enter the cooling mode, control the liquid pump (33) to speed up, and at the same time control the opening degree of the first three-way valve flowing into the second passage (51) to be increased.

7. The thermal management system (100) of claim 6, characterized in that When the heat pump unit (10) enters the cooling mode, the control unit (70) is further configured to: According to the difference between the air temperature T_air inside the power distribution cabinet (501) and the maximum temperature value y℃, divide a plurality of cooling levels, each cooling level corresponds to a temperature interval, a preset speed gear of the liquid pump (33), and a preset opening degree value of the first three-way valve flowing into the second passage (51); and According to the plurality of cooling levels, adjust the speed of the liquid pump (33) and the opening degree of the first three-way valve flowing into the second passage (51) step by step, wherein, as the absolute value of the difference decreases, the cooling level is lower, the speed of the liquid pump (33) is smaller, and the opening degree value is smaller.

8. The thermal management system (100) of claim 6, characterized in that When the heat pump unit (10) enters the heating mode, the control unit (70) is further configured to: According to the difference between the air temperature T_air inside the power distribution cabinet (501) and the minimum temperature value x℃, divide a plurality of heating levels, each heating level corresponds to a temperature interval, a preset speed gear of the liquid pump (33), and a preset opening degree value of the first three-way valve flowing into the second passage (51); and The rotation speed of the liquid pump (33) and the opening degree of the first three-way valve to the second passage (51) are adjusted step by step according to the plurality of heating levels; wherein, as the absolute value of the difference decreases, the heating level is lower, the rotation speed of the liquid pump (33) is smaller, and the opening degree value is smaller.

9. The thermal management system (100) of claim 6, wherein, The temperature sensor (91) is configured to collect the surface temperature T_cold of the power distribution cabinet heat exchange plate (53); the control unit (70) is further configured to: When the air temperature T_air in the power distribution cabinet (501) is x℃ to y℃, the dew point temperature T_dp of the air in the power distribution cabinet (501) is obtained; When the surface temperature T_cold of the power distribution cabinet heat exchange plate (53) is higher than the dew point temperature T_dp by a preset safety margin Δ℃, the air temperature T_air in the power distribution cabinet (501) is controlled to be maintained; When the surface temperature T_cold of the power distribution cabinet heat exchange plate (53) is not higher than the dew point temperature T_dp by a preset safety margin Δ℃, and the surface temperature T_cold of the power distribution cabinet heat exchange plate (53) is less than the dew point temperature T_dp, a condensation treatment program is started; When the surface temperature T_cold of the power distribution cabinet heat exchange plate (53) is not higher than the dew point temperature T_dp by a preset safety margin Δ℃, and the surface temperature T_cold of the power distribution cabinet heat exchange plate (53) exceeds the dew point temperature T_dp by a preset threshold, a condensation prevention program is started.

10. The thermal management system (100) of claim 9, characterized in that, The condensation treatment program comprises: Confirm whether condensation occurs only on the power distribution cabinet heat exchange plate (53); If so, start the condensation drainage device matched with the power distribution cabinet heat exchange plate (53) to direct the condensed water to be discharged outside the power distribution cabinet (501); If not, a high-risk alarm signal indicating that there is non-directional condensation in the power distribution cabinet (501) is generated and reported.

11. The thermal management system (100) of claim 9, characterized in that, The condensation prevention program comprises: Control the fine adjustment to reduce the opening degree of the first three-way valve to the second passage (51), so that the surface temperature T_cold of the power distribution cabinet heat exchange plate (53) rises by a predetermined value.

12. A thermal management method applied to the thermal management system (100) of claim 1, characterized by, The thermal management method comprises: Generating refrigeration or heating capacity through the heat pump unit (10); Through the thermal regulation medium in the liquid circulation unit (30), the refrigeration or heating capacity is obtained when flowing through the heat exchanger (39), and is delivered to the battery heat exchange plate (35) to exchange heat with the battery (3031); Through the first three-way valve (37), the thermal regulation medium after flowing through the battery heat exchange plate (35) is distributed to the second passage (51) of the power distribution circulation unit (50) and the first passage (311) of the liquid circulation unit (30); Wherein, the thermal regulation medium distributed to the second passage (51) flows through the power distribution cabinet heat exchange plate (53) arranged inside the power distribution cabinet (501) to control the temperature and humidity inside the power distribution cabinet (501).

13. The thermal management method of claim 12, wherein, Further comprising: Obtaining the air temperature T_air in the power distribution cabinet (501); In the case that the air temperature T_air in the power distribution cabinet (501) is lower than the preset minimum temperature value x℃, the heat pump unit (10) enters the heating mode, the liquid pump (33) is accelerated, and the opening degree of the first three-way valve flowing to the second passage (51) is greater than the opening degree flowing to the first passage (311), or the heat pump unit (10) does not need to enter the heating mode, and the opening degree of the first three-way valve flowing to the second passage (51) is reduced. In the case that the air temperature T_air in the power distribution cabinet (501) is higher than the preset maximum temperature value y℃, the heat pump unit (10) enters the cooling mode, the liquid pump (33) is accelerated, and the opening degree of the first three-way valve flowing to the second passage (51) is increased.

14. The thermal management method of claim 13, wherein, When the heat pump unit (10) enters the cooling mode, the liquid pump (33) is accelerated, and the opening degree of the first three-way valve flowing to the second passage (51) is increased, comprising: According to the difference between the air temperature T_air in the power distribution cabinet (501) and the maximum temperature value y℃, a plurality of cooling levels are divided, each cooling level corresponds to a temperature interval, a preset speed gear of the liquid pump (33), and a preset opening degree value of the first three-way valve flowing to the second passage (51); and According to the plurality of cooling levels, the speed of the liquid pump (33) and the opening degree of the first three-way valve flowing to the second passage (51) are adjusted step by step, wherein as the absolute value of the difference decreases, the lower the cooling level, the smaller the speed of the liquid pump (33), and the smaller the opening degree value.

15. The thermal management method of claim 13, wherein, When the heat pump unit (10) enters the heating mode, the liquid pump (33) is accelerated, and the opening degree of the first three-way valve flowing to the second passage (51) is adjusted to be greater than the opening degree flowing to the first passage (311), comprising: According to the difference between the air temperature T_air in the power distribution cabinet (501) and the minimum temperature value x℃, a plurality of heating levels are divided, each heating level corresponds to a temperature interval, a preset speed gear of the liquid pump (33), and a preset opening degree value of the first three-way valve flowing to the second passage (51); and According to the plurality of heating levels, the speed of the liquid pump (33) and the opening degree of the first three-way valve flowing to the second passage (51) are adjusted step by step; wherein as the absolute value of the difference decreases, the lower the heating level, the smaller the speed of the liquid pump (33), and the smaller the opening degree value.

16. The thermal management method of claim 13, wherein, Further comprising: In the case that the air temperature T_air in the power distribution cabinet (501) is x℃ to y℃, the dew point temperature T_dp of the air in the power distribution cabinet (501) is obtained; In the case that the surface temperature T_cold of the power distribution cabinet heat exchange plate (53) is higher than the dew point temperature T_dp by a preset safety margin Δ℃, the air temperature T_air in the power distribution cabinet (501) is controlled to be maintained. In a case where the surface temperature T_cold of the power distribution cabinet heat exchange plate (53) is not higher than the dew point temperature T_dp by a preset safety margin △℃, and the surface temperature T_cold of the power distribution cabinet heat exchange plate (53) is less than the dew point temperature T_dp, a condensation treatment program is started; In a case where the surface temperature T_cold of the power distribution cabinet heat exchange plate (53) is not higher than the dew point temperature T_dp by a preset safety margin △℃, and the surface temperature T_cold of the power distribution cabinet heat exchange plate (53) exceeds the dew point temperature T_dp by a preset threshold, a condensation prevention program is started.

17. The thermal management method of claim 16, wherein, The condensation treatment program comprises: Confirming whether condensation occurs only on the power distribution cabinet heat exchange plate (53); If so, a condensation drainage device matched with the power distribution cabinet heat exchange plate (53) is started to direct the condensed water to be discharged outside the power distribution cabinet (501); If not, a high-risk alarm signal indicating that there is non-directional condensation in the power distribution cabinet (501) is generated and reported.

18. The thermal management method of claim 16, wherein, The condensation prevention program comprises: Controlling a fine adjustment to reduce the opening degree of the first three-way valve flowing to the second passage (51), so that the surface temperature T_cold of the power distribution cabinet heat exchange plate (53) rises by a predetermined value.

19. An energy storage cabinet (1000A) characterized by, Comprise: A battery cabinet (301); A power distribution cabinet (501) which is an integral structure or a separate structure and is connected to each other with the battery cabinet (301); And The thermal management system (100) of any one of claims 1-11, wherein the liquid circulation unit (30) is arranged in the battery cabinet (301), the power distribution circulation unit (50) is arranged in the power distribution cabinet (501), and the heat pump unit (10) is arranged in the power distribution cabinet (501) or the battery cabinet (301).

20. An energy storage device (1000) characterized by, Comprise: A battery pack (303) comprising the battery cell (3031); and The energy storage cabinet (1000A) of claim 19, wherein the battery pack (303) is arranged in the battery cabinet (301), and the battery cell heat exchange plate (35) is arranged on the battery pack (303).

21. An electrical device (10000), characterized by The energy storage device (1000) comprising the energy storage cabinet (1000A) of claim 20. The energy storage device (1000) comprising the energy storage cabinet (1000A) of claim 20.

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