Electrode and electrochemical measurement system

Abstract

An electrode (1) is provided with a base material (2), a metal underlayer (3), and a conductive carbon layer (4) in this order toward one side in the thickness direction. The material of the metal base layer (3) is an alloy containing a first metal and a second metal. The first metal has: a first potential window determined using a first electrochemical measurement system (10A) provided with a first sample electrode (1A); the first sample electrode (1A) is provided with a base material (2), a metal base layer (3) formed from a first metal, and a conductive carbon layer (4). The second metal has: a second potential window determined using a second electrochemical measurement system (10B); and a second activity. The first metal and the second metal are different from each other. The second activity is equal to or higher than the first activity. The first potential window is equal to or greater than the second potential window.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to an electrode and an electrochemical measurement system. Background Art

[0002] An electrode including a substrate, a metal base layer, and a conductive carbon layer is known (for example, see Patent Document 1 below). Patent Document 1 describes an example in which the material of the metal base layer is titanium.

[0003] Prior art literature

[0004] Patent Literature

[0005] Patent Document 1: International Publication No. 2021 / 193631 Summary of the Invention

[0006] Problems to be solved by the invention

[0007] The electrode can be used as an electrode for electrochemical measurement, and in this case, a balance between excellent activity toward ferricyanide compounds and a wide potential window is required.

[0008] The present invention provides an electrode and an electrochemical measurement system having a good balance between activity to ferricyanide compounds and a wide potential window.

[0009] Means for solving problems

[0010] The present invention [1] includes an electrode comprising, in order, a substrate, a metal base layer, and a conductive carbon layer on one side in the thickness direction, wherein the material of the metal base layer is an alloy containing a first metal and a second metal, the first metal having: a first potential window determined using a first electrochemical measurement system having a first sample electrode; and a first activity to a ferrocyanide compound determined using the first electrochemical measurement system, wherein the first sample electrode comprises the substrate, a metal base layer formed from the first metal, and the conductive carbon layer, the second metal having: a second potential window determined using a second electrochemical measurement system having a second sample electrode; and a second activity to a ferrocyanide compound determined using the second electrochemical measurement system, wherein the second sample electrode comprises the substrate, a metal base layer formed from the second metal, and the conductive carbon layer, the first metal and the second metal are different from each other, the second activity is equal to or greater than the first activity, and the first potential window is equal to or greater than the second potential window.

[0011] The present invention [2] includes the electrode described in [1], wherein the first metal or the second metal is at least one selected from the group consisting of tantalum, titanium, aluminum, zirconium, niobium, and tungsten.

[0012] The present invention [3] comprises the electrode according to [1] or [2], wherein the first metal is at least one selected from the group consisting of tantalum, titanium, aluminum, zirconium, and niobium.

[0013] The present invention [4] comprises the electrode according to any one of [1] to [3], wherein the second metal is at least one selected from the group consisting of zirconium, niobium, and tungsten.

[0014] The present invention [5] comprises the electrode according to any one of [1] to [4], wherein the first metal or the second metal comprises two metals selected from the group consisting of tantalum, titanium, aluminum, zirconium, niobium, and tungsten.

[0015] The present invention [6] comprises the electrode according to any one of [1] to [5], wherein the substrate is a resin film.

[0016] The present invention [7] comprises the electrode according to any one of [1] to [6], which is an electrode for electrochemical measurement.

[0017] The present invention [8] includes an electrochemical measurement system comprising the electrode described in [7].

[0018] Effects of the Invention

[0019] In the electrode of the present invention, the metal base layer is an alloy containing a first metal and a second metal, the second activity is equal to or greater than the first activity, and the first potential window is equal to or greater than the second potential window. Therefore, the electrode achieves a good balance between activity toward ferricyanide compounds and a wide potential window.

[0020] For electrochemical assay systems, the activity towards ferricyanide compounds is well balanced with a wide potential window. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0021] [ Figure 1 ] shows a cross-sectional view of one embodiment of the electrode of the present invention.

[0022] [ Figure 2 ] shows a cross-sectional view of the sample electrode.

[0023] [ Figure 3 ] is a schematic diagram of one embodiment of the electrochemical measurement system of the present invention.

[0024] [ Figure 4 ] shows the relationship between the width of the potential window and the activity of ferrocyanide in the first metal and the second metal. This is an example where the first metal is titanium.

[0025] [ Figure 5 ] shows the relationship between the width of the potential window and the activity of ferrocyanide in the first metal and the second metal. This is an example where the first metal is tantalum.

[0026] [ Figure 6 ] shows the relationship between the width of the potential window and the activity of ferrocyanide in the first metal and the second metal. This is an example where the first metal is aluminum.

[0027] [ Figure 7 ] shows the relationship between the width of the potential window and the activity of ferrocyanide in the first metal and the second metal. This is an example where the first metal is zirconium.

[0028] [ Figure 8 ] shows the relationship between the width of the potential window and the activity of ferrocyanide in the first metal and the second metal. This is an example where the first metal is niobium. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0029] Reference Figures 1 to 8 One embodiment of the electrode of the present invention will be described.

[0030] 1. Electrode 1

[0031] like Figure 1 As shown, electrode 1 has a thickness. Electrode 1 extends in the surface direction. The surface direction is perpendicular to the thickness direction. Electrode 1 has a film or sheet shape. There is no distinction between films and sheets. The thickness of electrode 1 is, for example, 2 μm or more, preferably 10 μm or more, and, for example, 1000 μm or less, preferably 500 μm or less.

[0032] In this embodiment, the electrode 1 includes a substrate 2, a metal base layer 3, and a conductive carbon layer 4 in this order on one side in the thickness direction.

[0033] 1.1 Substrate 2

[0034] The substrate 2 is arranged at the other end of the electrode 1 in the thickness direction. The substrate 2 extends in the surface direction. The substrate 2 has a film shape or a sheet shape. Examples of the material of the substrate 2 include resins, ceramics, and metals. The substrate 2 is preferably flexible. From the perspective of ensuring the flexibility of the substrate 2, the material of the substrate 2 is preferably a resin. In other words, the substrate 2 is preferably a resin film. Examples of the resin include polyester resins, acetate resins, polyethersulfone resins, polycarbonate resins, polyamide resins, polyimide resins, polyolefin resins, (meth)acrylic resins, polyvinyl chloride resins, polyvinylidene chloride resins, polystyrene resins, polyvinyl alcohol resins, polyarylate resins, and polyphenylene sulfide resins.

[0035] Resins can be used alone or in combination. Preferred resins include polyester resins, and more preferably polyethylene terephthalate. When the material is ceramic, substrate 2 is a ceramic foil. When the material is metal, substrate 2 is a metal foil. The thickness of substrate 2 is, for example, 1.9 μm or greater, preferably 9 μm or greater, and, for example, 999 μm or less, preferably 499 μm or less.

[0036] 1.2 Metal base layer 3

[0037] The metal base layer 3 is disposed on one side of the substrate 2 in the thickness direction. The metal base layer 3 contacts one side of the substrate 2 in the thickness direction. The metal base layer 3 extends in the plane direction. The metal base layer 3 serves as a base layer. The base layer assists in improving the electrical conductivity of the conductive carbon layer 4.

[0038] The material of the metal base layer 3 is an alloy containing a first metal and a second metal.

[0039] 1.2.1 The first metal

[0040] The first metal has a first potential window and a first activity.

[0041] The first potential window is used Figure 3 The first electrochemical measurement system 10A shown in FIG. 1 requires a wide potential window for the electrode 1. Figure 3 As shown in FIG. 1 , the first electrochemical measurement system 10A includes a first sample electrode 1A. Figure 2 As shown, the first sample electrode 1A includes a substrate 2, a metal base layer 3 formed from a first metal, and a conductive carbon layer 4. The first sample electrode 1A further includes an insulating tape 5.

[0042] The first activity is evaluated by ΔEp for the ferricyanide compound obtained by CV using the first electrochemical measurement system 10A. A lower ΔEp indicates a higher first activity.

[0043] The first sample electrode 1A, measurement of the first potential window using the first sample electrode 1A, and measurement of the first activity using the first sample electrode 1A will be described later.

[0044] The first metal is, for example, a typical element and / or a transition element. The first metal is preferably at least one selected from the group consisting of tantalum, titanium, aluminum, zirconium, and niobium. More preferably, the first metal is at least one selected from the group consisting of tantalum, titanium, aluminum, zirconium, and niobium. When the electrode 1 is used as an electrode for electrochemical measurement of ferricyanide compounds, the first metal enhances the activity toward ferricyanide compounds.

[0045] The volume ratio of the first metal relative to 100 parts by volume of the total amount of the first metal and the second metal is, for example, 10 parts by volume or more, preferably 25 parts by volume or more, more preferably 60 parts by volume or more, and even more preferably 75 parts by volume or more, and for example, 95 parts by volume or less, and preferably 90 parts by volume or less. The volume ratio of the first metal relative to the alloy is, for example, 10% by volume or more, preferably 25% by volume or more, more preferably 60% by volume or more, and even more preferably 75% by volume or more, and for example, 95% by volume or less, and preferably 90% by volume or less.

[0046] If the volume ratio of the first metal is greater than or equal to the lower limit, the potential window can be widened when the electrode is used as an electrochemical measurement electrode. If the volume ratio of the first metal is less than or equal to the upper limit, the activity toward ferricyanide compounds can be enhanced.

[0047] 1.2.2 Second Metal

[0048] The second metal has a second potential window and a second activity. The electrode 1 is required to have a high activity toward the ferricyanide compound.

[0049] The second potential window is used Figure 3 The second electrochemical measurement system 10B shown in FIG. 1B requires a wide potential window for the electrode 1. The second electrochemical measurement system 10B includes a second sample electrode 1B. Figure 2 As shown, the second sample electrode 1B includes a substrate 2, a metal base layer 3 formed from a second metal, and a conductive carbon layer 4B. The second sample electrode 1B further includes an insulating tape 5.

[0050] The second activity was evaluated by ΔEp to the ferricyanide compound obtained by CV using the second electrochemical measurement system 10B.

[0051] The second sample electrode 1B, the measurement of the second potential window using the second sample electrode 1B, and the measurement of the second activity using the second sample electrode 1B will be described later.

[0052] The first metal and the second metal are different from each other.

[0053] The second activity is equal to or greater than the first activity, and the first potential window is equal to or greater than the second potential window.

[0054] Preferably, the second activity is higher than the first activity, and the first potential window is equal to or greater than the second potential window. In addition, preferably, the second activity is equal to or greater than the first activity, and the first potential window is wider than the second potential window.

[0055] More preferably, the second activity is higher than the first activity, and the first potential window is wider than the second potential window.

[0056] The second metal is, for example, a typical element and / or a transition element. The second metal is preferably at least one selected from the group consisting of tantalum, titanium, aluminum, zirconium, niobium, and tungsten. In other words, the first metal and the second metal are each at least one selected from the group consisting of tantalum, titanium, aluminum, zirconium, niobium, and tungsten.

[0057] The second metal is more preferably at least one selected from the group consisting of zirconium, niobium, and tungsten.

[0058] The first metal or the second metal preferably includes two metals selected from the group consisting of tantalum, titanium, aluminum, zirconium, niobium, and tungsten. Examples of combinations of the first metal and the second metal are shown below.

[0059] Figures 4 to 8 Graph 2 shows the relationship between the width of the potential window and the activity of ferrocyanide in the first metal and the second metal. Figures 4 to 8 , connect the combination of the first metal and the second metal with a line segment.

[0060] Depend on Figure 4 As can be seen, examples of combinations of the first metal and the second metal include an example in which the first metal is titanium and the second metal is zirconium, an example in which the first metal is titanium and the second metal is niobium, an example in which the first metal is titanium and the second metal is tungsten, and an example in which the first metal is titanium and the second metals are zirconium and niobium. Figure 4 It can be seen that when the first metal is titanium, at least one of the group consisting of zirconium, niobium, and tungsten, which shows the second potential window and the second activity in the shaded region, is selected as the second metal.

[0061] Depend on Figure 5 As can be seen, examples of combinations of the first metal and the second metal include an example in which the first metal is tantalum and the second metal is titanium, an example in which the first metal is tantalum and the second metal is zirconium, an example in which the first metal is tantalum and the second metal is niobium, and an example in which the first metal is tantalum and the second metal is tungsten. Figure 5 It can be seen that when the second metal is tantalum, at least one of the group consisting of titanium, zirconium, niobium, and tungsten, which plots the second potential window and the second activity in the shaded region, is selected as the second metal.

[0062] Depend on Figure 6 As can be seen, as a combination of the first metal and the second metal, there are an example where the first metal is aluminum and the second metal is niobium, and an example where the first metal is aluminum and the second metal is tungsten. Figure 6 It can be seen that when the second metal is aluminum, at least one of the group consisting of niobium and tungsten, which plots the second potential window and the second activity in the shaded region, is selected as the second metal.

[0063] Depend on Figure 7 As can be seen, as a combination of the first metal and the second metal, there are an example where the first metal is zirconium and the second metal is niobium, and an example where the first metal is zirconium and the second metal is tungsten. Figure 7 It can be seen that when the second metal is zirconium, at least one of the group consisting of niobium and tungsten, which plots the second potential window and the second activity in the shaded region, is selected as the second metal.

[0064] Depend on Figure 8 As can be seen, as a combination of the first metal and the second metal, an example in which the first metal is niobium and the second metal is tungsten can be given. Figure 8 It can be seen that when the second metal is niobium, tungsten, which shows the second potential window and the second activity in the shaded region, is selected as the second metal.

[0065] The volume ratio of the second metal relative to 100 parts by volume of the total amount of the first metal and the second metal is, for example, 5 parts by volume or more, preferably 10 parts by volume or more, and for example, 90 parts by volume or less, preferably 75 parts by volume or less, more preferably 40 parts by volume or less, and even more preferably 25 parts by volume or less. The volume ratio of the second metal relative to the alloy is, for example, 5% by volume or more, preferably 10% by volume or more, and for example, 90% by volume or less, preferably 75% by volume or less, more preferably 40% by volume or less, and even more preferably 25% by volume or less.

[0066] If the volume ratio of the second metal is below the upper limit, the potential window can be widened when the electrode is used as an electrochemical measurement electrode. If the volume ratio of the second metal is above the lower limit, the activity toward ferricyanide compounds can be enhanced.

[0067] The first metal and the second metal are identified by ESCA, SEM-EDX, TEM-EDX and / or XRF, respectively. The identification method is not limited to the above methods.

[0068] The thickness of the metal base layer 3 is, for example, 5 nm or more, preferably 10 nm or more, preferably 15 nm or more, more preferably 20 nm or more, and is, for example, 400 nm or less, preferably 200 nm or less, more preferably 100 nm or less, further preferably 50 nm or less.

[0069] 1.3 Conductive carbon layer 4

[0070] The conductive carbon layer 4 is disposed at one end of the electrode 1 in the thickness direction. The conductive carbon layer 4 is disposed on one surface of the metal base layer 3 in the thickness direction. The conductive carbon layer 4 is in contact with one surface of the metal base layer 3 in the thickness direction. The conductive carbon layer 4 is disposed on the opposite side of the metal base layer 3 from the substrate 2 in the thickness direction.

[0071] The electrical conductive carbon layer 4 may also include, for example, sp 2 Key and sp 3 The electrical conductive carbon layer 4 has sp 2 Key and sp 3 In the case of a bond, the conductive carbon layer 4 has a graphite structure and a diamond structure. The conductive carbon layer 4 may contain oxygen in addition to carbon. In addition, the conductive carbon layer 4 may contain a trace amount of inevitable impurities other than oxygen.

[0072] The thickness of the conductive carbon layer 4 is, for example, not less than 0.1 nm, preferably not less than 0.2 nm, and not more than 100 nm, preferably not more than 50 nm.

[0073] 1.4 Method for manufacturing electrode 1

[0074] In this method, first, a substrate 2 is prepared.

[0075] In this method, the metal base layer 3 is then formed on one surface in the thickness direction of the substrate 2. Examples of the method for forming the metal base layer 3 include a dry method and a wet method.

[0076] As a method for forming the metal base layer 3, a dry method is preferably mentioned. As a dry method, for example, a PVD method (physical vapor deposition method) and a CVD method (chemical vapor deposition method) can be mentioned, and the PVD method is preferably mentioned. As a PVD method, for example, sputtering, vacuum evaporation, laser evaporation and ion plating can be mentioned. As a PVD, sputtering is preferably mentioned. In sputtering, a sputtering device is used. The sputtering device has a first target material containing a first metal and a second target material containing a second metal. If the first metal is multiple, a part of the first metal can be contained in the first target material, and the remainder of the first metal can be contained in the second target material. If the second metal is multiple, a part of the second metal can be contained in the second target material, and the remainder of the second metal can be contained in the first target material.

[0077] The first target and the second target are spaced apart from each other. Power can be applied to each of the first target and the second target. The power applied to each of the first target and the second target is appropriately set according to the volume ratio of the first metal and the second metal. As the sputtering gas, for example, an inert gas can be mentioned. As the inert gas, for example, Ar can be mentioned. The pressure during sputtering is, for example, greater than 0.01 Pa and less than 5 Pa. The film forming temperature is, for example, greater than -10°C, preferably greater than 20°C, for example, less than 200°C, preferably less than 150°C.

[0078] In this method, a conductive carbon layer 4 is then formed on one surface of the metal base layer 3 in the thickness direction. The method for forming the conductive carbon layer 4 is not particularly limited. The conductive carbon layer 4 can be formed by the same methods as those for forming the metal base layer 3, with sputtering being preferred. The target material in sputtering is, for example, sintered carbon.

[0079] 1.5 Purpose

[0080] The application of the electrode 1 is not limited. The electrode 1 is preferably an electrode for electrochemical measurement in performing electrochemical measurement methods, and specifically, can be used as a working electrode (working electrode) in performing cyclic voltammetry (CV).

[0081] Examples of the subject of electrochemical measurement (measurement target) include ferricyanide compounds, and examples of ferricyanide compounds include potassium ferricyanide and sodium ferricyanide.

[0082] 1.6 Electrochemical measurement system

[0083] Reference Figure 7 An embodiment of the electrochemical measurement system of the present invention will be described. The electrochemical measurement system 10 includes a working electrode 11 , a reference electrode 12 , a counter electrode 13 , a potentiostat 14 , and an ammeter (not shown).

[0084] The working electrode 11 includes the aforementioned electrode 1. In other words, the electrochemical measurement system 10 includes the aforementioned electrode 1. That is, the electrode 1 is used for electrochemical measurement.

[0085] Examples of the reference electrode 12 include a silver / silver chloride electrode, a saturated calomel electrode, and a standard hydrogen electrode.

[0086] Examples of the counter electrode 13 include a platinum electrode, a gold electrode, and a nickel electrode.

[0087] The working electrode 11, reference electrode 12, and counter electrode 13 are immersed in a target liquid 15. The target liquid 15 contains the target to be measured. For example, when performing CV, a potential is applied to the working electrode 11 (electrode 1) and scanned.

[0088] 1.7 Effects of an Implementation Method

[0089] In electrode 1, the material of metal base layer 3 is an alloy containing a first metal and a second metal, the second activity is equal to or greater than the first activity, and the first potential window is equal to or greater than the second potential window. Therefore, electrode 1 has a good balance between activity towards ferricyanide compounds and a wide potential window.

[0090] like Figure 7 As shown, since the electrochemical measurement system 10 includes the above-described electrode 1 , the balance between the activity toward ferricyanide compounds and the wide potential window is good.

[0091] 2. Modification

[0092] Although not shown, the electrode 1 may further include a hard coating layer. The hard coating layer is disposed on, for example, the other surface of the substrate 2 in the thickness direction.

[0093] Sputtering may include only one target material, which is formed from an alloy containing the first metal and the second metal.

[0094] Example

[0095] The present invention is further specifically described by showing the following embodiments and comparative examples. It should be noted that the present invention is not subject to any limitation of the embodiments and comparative examples. In addition, the specific numerical values ​​such as the volume ratio (containing ratio), physical property values, parameters used in the following description can be substituted by the upper limit (defined as "below", "less than") or the lower limit (defined as "above", "greater than") of the corresponding records of the volume ratio (containing ratio), physical property values, parameters, etc. described in the above-mentioned "specific embodiments".

[0096] Example 1

[0097] First, a substrate 2 made of polyethylene terephthalate having a thickness of 100 μm was prepared.

[0098] Next, a metal base layer 3 was formed on one surface of the substrate 2 in the thickness direction by sputtering. The thickness of the metal base layer 3 was 30 nm. The sputtering conditions are described below.

[0099] 1st target: titanium

[0100] Second target: Niobium

[0101] Sputtering gas: Ar

[0102] Sputtering pressure: 0.3Pa

[0103] Power of the first target: 3.3W / cm 2

[0104] Power of the second target: 4.3W / cm2

[0105] Then, the electrical conductive carbon layer 4 was formed on one surface of the metal base layer 3 in the thickness direction by sputtering. The thickness of the electrical conductive carbon layer 4 was 10 nm. The sputtering conditions are described below.

[0106] Target material: sintered carbon

[0107] Sputtering gas: Ar

[0108] Sputtering pressure: 0.3Pa

[0109] Target power: 3.9W / cm 2

[0110] Thus, the electrode 1 is manufactured.

[0111] Examples 2 to 14, Comparative Examples 1 to 6

[0112] The same treatment as in Example 1 was carried out to obtain an electrode 1. However, the composition of the metal base layer 3 was changed according to the descriptions in Tables 1 to 4.

[0113] [evaluate]

[0114] 1. Volume ratio of the first metal and the second metal

[0115] Based on the film formation rates V1 and V2, the volume ratios of the first and second metals in the metal base layer 3 were calculated. Specifically, the first metal film formation rate V1 was calculated by dividing the thickness of the first metal film formed only by the product of power and time. The second metal film formation rate V2 was calculated by dividing the thickness of the second metal film formed only by the product of power and time. The volume ratio of the first metal to the second metal was calculated based on the ratio of the film formation rate V1 to the film formation rate V2. The results are shown in Tables 1 to 4.

[0116] 2. Activity against potassium ferrocyanide

[0117] The activity of the electrode 1 of each example to potassium ferricyanide was evaluated. The results are shown in Tables 1 to 4.

[0118] Specifically, an insulating tape 5 having a hole with a diameter of 2 mm was attached to one side of the conductive carbon layer 4 in the thickness direction to produce an electrode with an area of ​​3.14 mm. 2 The sample electrode 1S was used as the working electrode 11 to perform cyclic voltammetry (CV). Specifically, the sample electrode 1S was immersed in a 1M KCl aqueous solution. In addition, 1mM [Fe(CN)6] 4-(ferrocyanide ion). In the CV measurement, the potential sweep was started at 0 V and continued from a positive to a negative direction within the range of -0.1 to 0.5 V. The potential sweep rate was 0.1 V / s. The CV measurement was performed at 23°C. The number of CV measurements was set to 3. The average of the three ΔEp values ​​in the CV measurement was taken as the initial ΔEp. The ΔEp at this time was used as the activity of electrode 1 towards potassium ferrocyanide.

[0119] On the other hand, the sample electrode of each comparative example was designated as the first sample electrode 1A or the second sample electrode 1B. ΔEp of the first sample electrode 1A, measured in the same manner as above, was designated as the first activity. ΔEp of the second sample electrode 1B was designated as the second activity.

[0120] 3. Width of the potential window

[0121] The potential window width of the electrode 1 of each example was evaluated. The results are shown in Tables 1 to 4.

[0122] Specifically, an insulating tape 5 having a hole with a diameter of 2 mm was attached to one side of the conductive carbon layer 4 in the thickness direction to produce an electrode with an area of ​​3.14 mm. 2 A sample electrode 1S was prepared. This sample electrode 1S was used as the working electrode 11, a silver / silver chloride electrode was used as the reference electrode, and a platinum electrode was used as the common electrode. These electrodes were connected to a potentiostat (described above) to produce an electrochemical measurement system 10 for each example and comparative example. A 50 mmol / L aqueous sulfuric acid solution was used as the electrolyte.

[0123] A potential was applied to the reference electrode of the electrochemical measurement system 10 at a scanning rate of 0.1 V / s. The current value obtained at this time was -509 μA / cm 2 ~+509μA / cm 2 The potential range is defined as the potential window. The potential window is determined by taking the difference (distance) from the maximum potential on the oxidation side to the potential on the reduction side as ΔV (V).

[0124] Meanwhile, the sample electrodes of the comparative examples were designated as the first sample electrode 1A or the second sample electrode 1B. The ΔV of the first sample electrode 1A, measured in the same manner as above, was designated as the first potential window. The ΔV of the second sample electrode 1B was designated as the second potential window.

[0125] The results are recorded in Tables 1 to 4.

[0126] [Table 1]

[0127]

[0128] [Table 2]

[0129]

[0130] [Table 3]

[0131]

[0132] [Table 4]

[0133]

[0134] Description of Reference Numerals

[0135] 1 electrode

[0136] 1A 1st sample electrode

[0137] 1B Second sample electrode

[0138] 2. Substrate

[0139] 3 Metal base layer

[0140] 4 Conductive carbon layer

[0141] 5. Insulation tape

[0142] 10 Electrochemical measurement system

[0143] 10A No. 1 electrochemical measurement system

[0144] 10B Second Electrochemical Measurement System

[0145] It should be noted that the above invention is provided as an illustrative embodiment of the present invention.

[0146] However, this is only an example and is not to be construed as limiting.

[0147] It is obvious that modifications of the present invention are also within the scope of the preceding claims.

[0148] Industrial applicability

[0149] The electrode and electrochemical measurement system of the present invention can be suitably used in the field of electrochemical measurement.

Claims

1. An electrode comprising, on one side in a thickness direction, a substrate, a metal base layer, and a conductive carbon layer in this order, The material of the metal base layer is an alloy containing a first metal and a second metal. The first metal has: a first potential window determined using a first electrochemical measurement system having a first sample electrode; and a first activity toward a ferrocyanide compound determined using the first electrochemical measurement system, wherein: The first sample electrode includes the substrate, a metal base layer formed from the first metal, and the conductive carbon layer. The second metal has: a second potential window determined using a second electrochemical measurement system including a second sample electrode; and a second activity toward the ferrocyanide compound determined using the second electrochemical measurement system, wherein the second sample electrode includes the substrate, a metal base layer formed from the second metal, and the conductive carbon layer. The first metal and the second metal are different from each other, The second activity is equal to or greater than the first activity, The first potential window is equal to or greater than the second potential window.

2. The electrode according to claim 1, wherein The first metal or the second metal is at least one selected from the group consisting of tantalum, titanium, aluminum, zirconium, niobium, and tungsten.

3. The electrode according to claim 2, wherein The first metal is at least one selected from the group consisting of tantalum, titanium, aluminum, zirconium, and niobium.

4. The electrode according to claim 2, wherein The second metal includes at least one selected from the group consisting of zirconium, niobium, and tungsten.

5. The electrode according to claim 2, wherein The first metal or the second metal includes two types selected from the group consisting of tantalum, titanium, aluminum, zirconium, niobium, and tungsten.

6. The electrode according to claim 1 or claim 2, wherein The substrate is a resin film.

7. The electrode according to claim 1 or claim 2, which is an electrode for electrochemical measurement. An electrochemical measurement system comprising the electrode according to claim 7 .

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