Seeding machine with aligning device

Abstract

A seeding machine with an aligning device comprises a cross beam, a seeding unit and a land wheel unit, the seeding machine is provided with the aligning device, the aligning device comprises an oil cylinder, a controller, a rotating shaft and a connecting rod, one end of the oil cylinder is connected with an oil cylinder supporting seat, the other end of the oil cylinder is connected with a rotating supporting arm, the controller is connected with the oil cylinder through an oil pipe, and the connecting rod is connected with the rotating shaft. The seeding units are fixedly connected with the rotating shafts, and the connecting rods are connected with the connecting rod shafts on the two adjacent unit stand columns through bearings; when the seeder works on a sloping field, a flat-ground seeding effect or an effect close to the flat-ground effect can be obtained, and the seeding quality is much better than that of a common seeder; the fertilizer box is driven by a GPS and Beidou electronic driving system in the prior art, and the technology is mature and cheap.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] Seeder with adjustment device. Background Art

[0002] Today's seed drills work well on plains, but the effect deteriorates when encountering hillsides. The seed drill becomes tilted as a whole, and the seeding unit will swing downhill due to gravity, resulting in abnormal ditching and pressing work, and the seed drop is also affected. Summary of the Invention

[0003] In order to solve the defects of the prior art, the present invention provides a novel seeder with an adjustment device, aiming to improve the sowing quality on sloping land.

[0004] The technical solution adopted by the present invention to solve the technical problem is a seeder with an adjustment device, which includes a suspension mechanism for being connected to a tractor; a fertilizer box for storing fertilizer; a sowing unit for digging furrows, planting seeds, covering the soil and compacting the seeds; a fertilizing unit for digging furrows and applying fertilizer; a ground wheel unit for supporting the weight of the entire machine and providing the power required by the seeding mechanism when traveling; and a transmission mechanism for transmitting the power provided by the ground wheel to the seeding mechanism after speed change, so that the seeding mechanism operates according to the required plant spacing. The adjustment device is a new mechanism of the present invention, including a controller, an oil pipe, an oil cylinder, an oil cylinder support seat, a rotating shaft, a rotating support arm, a support arm shaft, a connecting rod, and a connecting rod shaft. Its basic structure is that the left ground wheel unit is mounted on the rotating shaft on the left side of the crossbeam, the right ground wheel unit is mounted on the rotating shaft on the right side of the crossbeam, and the two middle sowing units are mounted on their respective rotating shafts, so that the ground wheel unit and the sowing unit can rotate around their own rotating shafts; The sowing unit is equipped with a sowing unit column. The ground wheel unit is provided with a ground wheel unit column, and a connecting rod shaft is provided at the upper end of each unit column. The connecting rod shaft is installed with a connecting rod through a bearing. The long connecting rod in the middle connects the connecting rod shafts at the upper ends of the two sowing unit columns to constrain the two sowing unit columns to remain parallel to each other. The short connecting rods on both sides respectively connect the ground wheel unit columns and the sowing unit columns on the left and right sides to constrain the ground wheel unit columns and the sowing unit columns on the left and right sides to remain parallel to each other. In this way, the ground wheel unit columns and the sowing unit columns are connected to form a pivotable whole through three long and short connecting rods, that is, the columns of all units cannot rotate independently around their own rotation axes, and all unit columns can only rotate around their own rotation axes at the same time; the actual shape of the pivotable whole structure is a plurality of connected parallelograms. This structure ensures that when each unit column is deformed and rotated (adjusted), the angle of change (rotation) of all sowing units is the same. After adjustment, the working condition of the sowing unit is restored to a flat ground state; The driving mode of the seeding unit seed metering device can be mechanical driving or radar speed measurement electronic driving system, the former is low in price, and the latter is expensive and is not described herein; The control mode of the adjusting device can be manual or automatic, and the automatic control is achieved by sensing the inclination angle of the seeding unit by a horizontal or vertical sensor, uploading to a control computer, and sending adjustment instructions to the control computer to control the operation of the oil cylinder to automatically adjust the working posture of the seeding unit, so that the posture of the seeding unit is always perpendicular to the horizon (horizontal plane) rather than perpendicular to the slope surface. The distance between the shafts of the rotating shafts of the present application is adjustable, and can be fixed according to actual conditions.

[0005] The length of the connecting rod of the present application is also adjustable, and can also be made into a non-adjustable type according to actual conditions. The ground wheel unit, the fertilizer unit, the seeding unit, the cross beam and the suspension device in the present application are prior art, and the main invention point is the rotating shaft, the controller, the oil cylinder, the connecting rod and the connecting rod shaft, which are collectively referred to as the adjusting device. The present application has the advantages that the seeding machine can obtain the seeding effect of flat land or close to the effect of flat land when working on a slope, and the seeding quality is much better than that of ordinary seeding machines; the fertilizer tank drive selects prior art, and the GPS+Beidou electronic driving system is mature in technology and low in price. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0006] Figure 1 It is a top view of the whole machine of the present application, and the left and right ground wheel units and the two middle seeding units can be seen, the whole machine structure is symmetrical with the middle as the boundary between left and right, the connecting rod connects the connecting rod shafts at the upper ends of all adjacent stand columns, and the transverse transmission chain connects the left and right power; Figure 2 It is a left view of the seeding unit of the present application installed on the cross beam; the fertilizer unit is installed at the front end of the rotating shaft, and the seeding unit is installed at the rear end, so that they can rotate coaxially; Figure 3 It is a left view of the ground wheel of the present application installed on the cross beam; the ground wheel unit is installed on the rotating shaft, which can rotate around the rotating shaft, and the longitudinal chain transmission is changed into transverse chain transmission after passing through the right-angle transmission box; Figure 4 It is a front view of the whole machine transmission system and control adjusting system of the present application; the fertilizer tank drive adopts electronic type, and the Beidou and GPS drives are not shown; Figure 5 It is a working state front view of the present application; Figure 6 It is a working state front view of the prior art; Figure 7 is the relationship diagram of the distance between each axis; Figure 8 This is the schematic diagram of the automatic adjustment system; Parts description in the figure: 1 rotating shaft, 2 supporting arm shaft, 3 connecting rod shaft, 4 sowing unit right angle gearbox longitudinal axis, 5 ground wheel unit right angle gearbox transverse axis, 6 upper pyramid sprocket, 7 crossbeam, 8 longitudinal transmission chain, 9 connecting rod, 10 oil cylinder, 11 oil pipe, 12 sowing unit column, 13 ground wheel unit column, 14 sowing unit, 15 oil cylinder support seat, 16 fertilizer box, 17 seeding device, 18 parallel four-link, 19 longitudinal double sprocket, 20 fertilizer unit, 21 bearing seat, 22 U-shaped screw, 23 suspension device, 24 adjusting screw, 25 sowing unit right angle gearbox transverse axis, 26 seeding device sprocket, 27 longitudinal single sprocket, 28 transverse single sprocket, 29 left ground wheel unit, 30 driving sprocket, 31 lower pyramid sprocket, 32 controller, 33 rotating support arm, 34 internal gear flange, 35 double nut, 36 bearing, 37 Lower tower sprocket shaft, 38 pin shaft, 39 fixing rod, 40 ground wheel unit right-angle gearbox, 41 transverse double sprocket, 42 ridge, 43 slope, 44 horizon (horizontal plane), 45 sowing unit right-angle gearbox, 46. Ground wheel unit right-angle gearbox longitudinal axis, 47 transverse transmission chain, 48 ground wheel support arm, 49 right ground wheel unit; The present invention will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0007] This description uses a mechanical transmission as an example to illustrate the operating principle of the present invention. Chain transmissions have a tensioner pulley during operation to tighten the chain, but this is omitted for simplicity. The accompanying drawings are schematic diagrams, intended for better illustration and not to scale. In this embodiment, the sowing unit and the fertilizing unit in front of it share a common rotation axis. However, separate units can be used, each with its own independent rotation axis, as needed.

[0008] The definitions of front, back, left, and right in this specification are based on the forward direction during normal operation of the planter, and the reverse direction as the rearward direction. Left and right refer to the left and right ground wheel units marked in the figure. The bearings in this invention are standard deep groove ball bearings, and the bearings for the rotating shaft are tapered roller bearings. Pre-tightening is required during installation to ensure the rotating shaft rotates freely without play during operation.

[0009] The specific embodiment of the present invention is, Example 1, see Figure 1 、 Figure 2 、 Figure 3 、 Figure 4The basic principle of the present invention is to install a rotating shaft 1 at the lower part of each ground wheel unit column 13 and each sowing unit column 12, and the rotating shaft 1 is fixed to the seed drill beam 7 through the bearing seat 21 according to a certain rule. A connecting rod shaft 3 is fixedly installed at the upper end of each ground wheel unit column 13 and each sowing unit column 12, and all two adjacent connecting rod shafts 3 are connected to the connecting rod 9 through bearings 36. The end of each connecting rod shaft 3 is fixed with a double nut 35 to fix the bearing 36. The connecting rod 9 is connected from left to right end through the bearing 36. Figure 4 , all the columns are connected in series to form a pivotable overall structure, such as Figure 5 , its specific structure is a number of connected parallelograms, such as Figure 7 , this embodiment is a preferred embodiment, and there are actually many embodiments. Therefore, this embodiment should not limit the present invention but only serve as an illustration. This embodiment takes a two-row machine as an example. Its basic structure is composed of left and right ground wheel units and two sowing units in the middle. For the sake of convenience, the sowing unit close to the left ground wheel unit 29 is defined as the left sowing unit 14, and the sowing unit close to the right ground wheel unit 49 is defined as the right sowing unit 14. The left and right sides of the seed drill of the present invention are actually mirror-image structures, and their working principles are exactly the same. The working principle is described below using the left side as an example. The left side ground wheel unit 29 is semi-fixedly connected to the left side ground wheel unit column 13 through the left side ground wheel support arm 48 to form an adjustable connection type whole. By adjusting the screw rod 24, the connection angle between the ground wheel support arm 48 and the ground wheel unit column 13 can be adjusted, and the height of the seeder is also changed. The upper end of the left side ground wheel unit column 13 is fixedly installed with a connecting rod shaft 3. Below the connecting rod shaft 3 is the left side ground wheel unit right angle gearbox longitudinal shaft 46. A transverse single sprocket 28 is fixedly installed at the front end of the longitudinal shaft 46. The left side ground wheel unit right angle gearbox longitudinal shaft 46 and the left side ground wheel unit right angle gearbox transverse shaft 5 convert the power from longitudinal transmission to transverse transmission through the bevel gear pair inside the left side ground wheel unit right angle gearbox 40. The left side ground wheel unit right angle gearbox 40 is fixedly installed on the upper part of the left side ground wheel unit column 13 by screws. The end of the left side ground wheel unit right angle gearbox transverse shaft 5 is fixedly installed with an upper tower sprocket 6, as shown in FIG. Figure 3 , Figure 4, the upper tower-shaped sprocket 6 can selectively transmit power by replacing the driving and driven sprocket between the longitudinal transmission chain 8 and the lower tower-shaped sprocket 31, the lower tower-shaped sprocket 31 is fixedly installed at the end of the lower tower-shaped sprocket shaft 37, the lower tower-shaped sprocket shaft 37 is installed through the bearing at the middle left side of the left side ground wheel unit stand 13, when the seeder is running, the driving sprocket 30 rotates, and the power is transmitted to the lower tower-shaped sprocket 31 through the longitudinal transmission chain 8, the speed of transmission between the lower tower-shaped sprocket 31 and the upper tower-shaped sprocket 6 can be changed by replacing the driving and driven sprocket, so as to obtain the required seeding plant spacing; As Figure 3 , the front of the middle of the left side ground wheel unit stand 13 is fixedly connected with the rotating shaft 1 through a screw, and the support arm shaft 2 is fixedly installed below the rotating shaft 1, the stand between the rotating shaft 1 and the support arm shaft 2 is defined as the rotating support arm 33, and actually the rotating support arm 33 is an integral structure with the ground wheel unit stand 13, as Figure 3 , the rotating shaft 1 is rotatably installed in the bearing seat 21 through the bearing 36, the bearing seat 21 is fixedly installed on the left side of the seeder beam 7 through the U-shaped screw 22, the front end of the rotating shaft 1 is pre-tightened with the double-nut 35 and the inner tooth flange plate 34 The tapered roller bearing 36 ensures that the rotating shaft 1 has no gap and can rotate freely during work, and the left side ground wheel unit 29 can rotate around the rotating shaft 1 as the center; The working principle of the seeding unit is as follows: Figure 2The left sowing unit 14 is connected to the left sowing unit column 12 through a parallel four-link 18 to form a connected whole that can pivot up and down. The upper end of the left sowing unit column 12 is fixedly installed with a connecting rod shaft 3. Below the connecting rod shaft 3 is the left sowing unit right-angle gearbox longitudinal shaft 4. The front end of the longitudinal shaft 4 is fixedly installed with a left transverse double sprocket 41. The left sowing unit right-angle gearbox longitudinal shaft 4 and the left sowing unit right-angle gearbox transverse shaft 25 convert the power from transverse transmission to longitudinal transmission through the internal bevel gear pair of the left sowing unit right-angle gearbox 45. The left sowing unit right-angle gearbox 45 is fixedly installed on the upper part of the left sowing unit column 12 by screws. The end of the left sowing unit right-angle gearbox transverse shaft 25 is fixedly installed with a longitudinal single sprocket 27. The single sprocket 27 transmits power to the left seed metering device sprocket 26 through the longitudinal transmission chain 8 and two longitudinal double sprockets 19 to enable the seed metering device 17 to work normally. The seed metering device 17 is installed Mounted on the upper part of the left sowing unit 14, the lower front of the left sowing unit column 12 is fixedly connected to the rotating shaft 1 by screws, and the rotating shaft 1 is mounted in the bearing seat 21 through two tapered roller bearings. The bearing seat 21 is fixed to the left side of the seed drill beam 7 by a U-shaped screw 22. A suspension device 23 is also installed on the seed drill beam 7 for hooking with a tractor. The fertilizer box 16 is used to store fertilizer. The front end of the rotating shaft 1 fixedly connected to the left sowing unit is pre-tightened with a double nut 35 and an internal gear flange 34 to pre-tighten the tapered roller bearing 36 to ensure that the rotating shaft 1 has no gap during operation and can rotate freely. The internal gear flange 34 at the front end of the rotating shaft 1 is fixedly connected to the left fertilizing unit 20 by screws. The left fertilizing unit 20 and the left sowing unit 14 can rotate with the rotating shaft 1 fixedly connected to themselves. All sowing units in this embodiment have the same structure, and the fertilizing unit has the same structure. The connecting rod shaft 3 at the upper end of the left ground wheel unit column 13 and the connecting rod shaft 3 at the upper end of the left sowing unit column 12 are rotatably connected by a short connecting rod 9 through a bearing 36, constraining the two adjacent columns to remain parallel to each other. The end of the connecting rod shaft 3 is fixed with a double nut 35 to the bearing 36; The left and right sides of this machine are mirror-image structures. The connecting rod shaft 3 at the upper end of the left sowing unit column 12 and the connecting rod shaft 3 at the upper end of the right sowing unit column 12 are connected by a middle long connecting rod 9 through a bearing 36 to constrain the two columns to keep them in a parallel state; the end of the connecting rod shaft 3 is fixed to the bearing 36 by a double nut 35. The distance between the left and right sowing units is the ridge distance. According to different ridge distances, the distance between the left and right sowing units 14 should be adjustable. In order to keep the two sowing unit columns 12 in a parallel posture, the length of the middle long connecting rod 9 is also adjustable. The size of the whole machine should meet Figure 7The size requirements to work properly; the letter between the two axes in the figure represents the relationship between the two axes between the shaft, A = B = O, C = D = P, E = F = Q, G = H = I = J, K = L = M = N; This design can ensure that all units in the rotation adjustment, all the column changes the same angle; such as Figure 1 、 Figure 4 , two ground wheel units are installed at both ends of the seeder beam through the rotating shaft, two seeding units are fixed and installed in the middle of the seeder beam with row spacing as the interval through two rotating shafts 1; The connecting rod shaft 3 at the upper end of the connecting rod 9 is pivotally connected by the bearing 36, so that the long connecting rod and the short connecting rod are connected from left to right, and all the ground wheel unit columns 13 and the seeding unit columns 12 are connected into a pivotable whole structure through the connecting rod shaft, and the specific structure is a plurality of connected parallelograms. A single unit cannot rotate independently around the fixed rotating shaft 1, but can only rotate together with all the units around the fixed rotating shaft 1. Thus, by controlling the working angle of the rotating arm 33 of the seeder of the present application, the working state of the entire seeder can be controlled; as shown in Figure 4 , an oil cylinder support seat 15 is fixed in the middle of the seeder beam 7, one end of the two oil cylinders 10 is movably connected with the oil cylinder support seat 15 through the pin shaft 38, the other end of the two oil cylinders 10 is connected with the left and right arm shafts 2 through the bearings 36, and the end of the two arm shafts 2 is fixed with the bearing 36 by the double nut 35. The controller 32 is connected with the two oil cylinders through the oil pipe 11 to control the working state of the oil cylinder; Chain transmission principle, as shown in Figure 4 , Figure 1 , taking the left side as an example, the power of the left ground wheel unit 29 is transmitted through the main sprocket 30, the longitudinal transmission chain 8, the lower tower sprocket 31, the upper tower sprocket 6, and the left ground wheel unit right-angle gearbox 40, and the power is changed from longitudinal transmission to transverse transmission, and is output by the horizontal single sprocket 28 fixed at the end of the longitudinal shaft 46 of the left ground wheel unit right-angle gearbox. The horizontal single sprocket 28 transmits power to the left horizontal double sprocket 41 fixed and installed at the front end of the left seeding unit right-angle gearbox longitudinal shaft 4 through the horizontal transmission chain 47. Thus, after the power is changed by the left seeding unit right-angle gearbox 40, the transversely transmitted power becomes longitudinally transmitted power, and is output by the longitudinal single sprocket 27 fixed and installed at the end of the horizontal shaft 25 of the left seeding unit right-angle gearbox. The power of the longitudinal single sprocket 27 is transmitted to the seed meter sprocket 26 through the longitudinal transmission chain 8 and the two longitudinal double sprockets 19, so that the seed meter 17 works normally. The power transmission mode of the right side of the seeder is the same as that of the left side; The double sprocket 41 of the left sowing unit is connected to the double sprocket 41 of the right sowing unit via a transverse transmission chain 47, so that the power on the left can be transmitted to the right, and the power on the right can also be transmitted to the left, preventing the ground wheel on one side from slipping and affecting the normal operation of the sowing unit on the same side; Adjustment principle: Figure 5 , Figure 6 As shown, Figure 6 This is the slope operation condition of an ordinary seeder, where the sowing unit tilts along with the seeder; Figure 5 In the working state of the seed drill of the present invention, the seeding unit is always kept in a vertical state and is always kept perpendicular to the horizon (horizontal plane) 44. Unlike ordinary seed drills, the seeding unit is not perpendicular to the slope 43; Adjust the working principle, such as Figure 5 , Figure 4 , Figure 6 , before adjustment Figure 6 As shown, the planter as a whole is tilted to the side. At this time, the controller 32 is moved manually to control the action of the oil cylinder 10, shortening the oil cylinder in the left (uphill) direction. At this time, the left ground wheel unit column 13 will rotate clockwise around the rotation axis 1. As a result, the connecting rod at the top of the ground wheel unit column 13 pulls the two seeding unit columns 12 and the right (downhill) ground wheel unit column 13 to rotate clockwise around their respective rotation axes 1. At the same time, the right oil cylinder 10 is controlled to extend, resulting in the seeding unit being perpendicular to the horizon 44 (horizontal plane). This allows the planter to achieve the same effect as on flat land when operating on sloped land. The controller 32 is connected to the oil pump and oil tank via the oil pipe 11. The oil pump and oil tank are not shown. When level ground, replace two oil cylinders 10 with two fixed rods 39 and promptly become common seed drill.

[0010] Example 2, as Figure 8 This is the schematic diagram of the automatic adjustment seeder; Working principle: The sensor is installed on the sowing unit to sense the working posture of the sowing unit at any time. The control computer issues instructions at any time after calculation based on the sensor signal. The controller controls the oil cylinder, and the oil cylinder controls the sowing unit to keep it in a vertical working state at all times.

[0011] The fertilizer box is driven by Beidou plus GPS electronic drive, which is an existing technology. The product is available on the market at a low price. If the slope is too large, the entire seeder will be offset in the downhill direction. At this time, it is necessary to cooperate with another device that can offset the seeder as a whole to move the seeder as a whole in the uphill direction so that the sowing unit can be aligned with the ridge 42 for sowing. The device of the overall offset seeder is available on the existing technology market.

Claims

1. A seed drill with an adjustment device, comprising a crossbeam, a seeding unit, and a ground wheel unit, characterized in that: The seeder is equipped with an adjustment device, which includes a cylinder, a controller, a rotating shaft, and a connecting rod. One end of the cylinder is connected to the cylinder support seat, and the other end is connected to the rotating arm. The controller is connected to the cylinder through an oil pipe, the sowing unit is fixedly connected to the rotating shaft, and the connecting rod is connected to the connecting rod shafts on the two adjacent unit columns through a bearing.

2. A seed drill with an adjustment device, comprising a crossbeam, a seeding unit, and a ground wheel unit, characterized in that: The seeder is equipped with an adjustment device, which includes a cylinder, a controller, a rotating shaft, and a connecting rod. One end of the cylinder is connected to the cylinder support seat, and the other end is connected to the rotating arm. The controller is connected to the cylinder through an oil pipe, the sowing unit is fixedly connected to the rotating shaft, and the connecting rod is connected to the connecting rod shafts on the two adjacent unit columns through a bearing.

3. The seeder with an adjustment device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The cylinder can be replaced with a fixing rod.

4. The seeder with an adjustment device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The connecting rod is connected to the connecting rod shafts at the upper ends of all adjacent unit columns through bearings.

5. The seeder with an adjustment device according to claim 1, characterized in that: All adjacent unit columns are parallel to each other.

6. The seeder with an adjustment device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The seed metering device installed on the sowing unit has two driving modes, one is mechanical and the other is electronic.

7. The seeder with an adjustment device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The planter with mechanically driven seed meter is equipped with a right-angle gearbox.

8. The seeder with an adjustment device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The distance between the axes of the rotating shaft is adjustable, and a fixed type, that is, a non-adjustable wheelbase type, can be selected according to actual conditions.

9. The seeder with an adjustment device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The length of the connecting rod is also adjustable, and can also be made non-adjustable according to actual conditions.

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