Broccoli high-yield seed production cultivation method

Abstract

The invention relates to the field of broccoli cultivation, in particular to a broccoli high-yield seed production cultivation method which comprises the following steps: selecting a broccoli variety, and growing seedlings by adopting a plug matrix to obtain broccoli seedlings; selecting a piece of sandy soil, and adjusting the pH value to obtain a broccoli planting experimental field; obtaining broccoli seedlings, transplanting the broccoli seedlings into the broccoli planting experimental field, and performing field planting on plants; fertilization is conducted during the field planting growth period of the broccoli, broccoli plants are trimmed, artificial pollination is conducted during the flowering period of the broccoli plants, and broccoli in the flower ball growth period is obtained; preventing and controlling diseases and insect pests in the broccoli planting experimental field; mature broccoli is harvested and stored, and high-yield broccoli seeds are obtained; the quality of seedlings is improved by selecting fine seeds and combining plug seedling raising; artificial pollination and fine management promote high yield; physical insect prevention solves the problems of poor seedling emergence, low yield, unstable quality and pest and disease resistance.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of broccoli planting, and particularly relates to a high-yield broccoli seed production and cultivation method. Background Art

[0002] Broccoli, a popular vegetable, is rich in vitamins, minerals, and bioactive ingredients, possessing high nutritional and market value. During broccoli cultivation, seed production plays a decisive role in its yield and quality.

[0003] Currently, my country's main broccoli varieties rely heavily on first-generation hybrid seeds imported from Japan, making it difficult for domestically grown seeds to compete with imported seeds in terms of quality and yield. This dependence results in a restricted seed supply. If imports are blocked, the entire industry chain will be severely impacted. The broccoli seed production process involves multiple steps, including seedling cultivation, planting, field management, artificial pollination, seed harvesting, and processing. Each step has strict technical requirements, such as the need to maintain a balanced temperature and humidity during the seedling stage, timely topdressing and soiling after planting, and optimal temperature and timing for artificial pollination. Mistakes at any stage can lead to seed production failure or yield decline. Summary of the Invention

[0004] In response to the above situation, the present invention provides a high-yield broccoli seed production and cultivation method, which can solve the problems of weak variety resistance, unsuitable soil conditions, unreasonable planting layout, low pollination efficiency, and poor pest and disease control in broccoli seed production. By optimizing varieties, improving soil, scientific planting, artificial assisted pollination and physical comprehensive pest control, the seed production yield and quality are improved, and the method comprises the following steps: Select high-quality broccoli varieties with firm heads, few side buds and strong disease resistance, treat the seeds, and use plug tray substrates to grow seedlings to obtain broccoli seedlings; Select a piece of sandy loam land, level the land surface, dig drainage ditches, measure the soil pH value, and adjust the pH value to obtain a broccoli planting experimental site; Obtaining the broccoli seedlings, selecting seedlings that meet the requirements as plantlets, transplanting them into the broccoli planting experimental plot, and planting the plantlets according to a set proportion layout and density; During the planting and growth period of the broccoli, the broccoli planting experimental site is regularly fertilized, the broccoli plants are trimmed, and artificial pollination is performed during the flowering period of the broccoli plants to obtain broccoli in the head growth period; In the broccoli planting experimental site, pests and diseases are controlled by physical trapping and killing and rotating pesticide changes, so that the broccoli in the head growth stage continues to grow and mature broccoli is obtained; The mature broccoli is harvested and stored to obtain high-yield broccoli seeds.

[0005] Further, the selection of flower ball firm, less side buds, strong disease resistance of high quality broccoli varieties, using seed treatment, using hole plate substrate seedling, get broccoli seedling, including the following steps: Select flower ball firm, less side buds, strong disease resistance of high quality broccoli varieties, strictly prohibited using F1 hybrid seed for breeding; The parent seed is marked, and is spread under the sunlight according to the thickness standard of 3cm for 8 hours, and is turned over once every two hours; After soaking the seeds in hot water at 55℃ for 15 minutes, the seeds are cooled with cold water, the surface moisture is dried, the seeds are soaked in boric acid and manganese sulfate for 6 hours to promote yield, and the seeds are soaked in 0.1% gibberellin for 2 hours to accelerate germination; Use 72-hole hole plate to grow seedlings, sow 1 to 2 seeds in each hole, and sprinkle the substrate on the seed according to the thickness of the seed as the standard after sowing the seed, and irrigate; When the seedling grows 4-6 true leaves, remove the weak seedlings, leave one healthy seedling in each hole, and gently take out the seedling with an iron shovel and put it into the prepared basket.

[0006] Further, the selection of a sandy soil land, the land surface is leveled, the drainage ditch is excavated, the soil PH value is measured, the PH value is adjusted, and the broccoli planting experimental land is obtained, including the following steps: Select a sandy soil land, use a large-scale land machine to level the land, control the depth at 20-25cm, after deep plowing, use a rotary tiller to fine rake the soil, and control the height difference of the land within 3cm; Excavate a main ditch along the long side of the sandy soil land, control the depth at 50-60cm, and control the width at 60-80cm, excavate a branch ditch according to the direction perpendicular to the main ditch, control the depth at 30-40cm, and control the width at 40-50cm; According to the diagonal method, 15 points are taken at different positions of the sandy soil land, 15cm deep soil is taken at each point, the sample is mixed uniformly, and the soil PH tester is used for measurement; According to the test result of soil PH value, different corresponding measures are taken, when the test PH value is lower than 6.0, lime is used, when the test PH value is higher than 7.0, ferrous sulfate is used, the soil is deep plowed, the PH value is tested regularly, until the PH value reaches 6.0-7.0, the broccoli planting experimental land is obtained.

[0007] Further, the broccoli seedling, the seedling meeting the requirements is selected as the planting plant, is transplanted into the broccoli planting experimental land, is planted according to the set proportion and density, and the planting plant is planted, including the following steps: Choose broccoli seedlings with thick, straight stems, emerald green leaves without wrinkles, yellowing, or insect holes, and 4-6 true leaves. Dig holes according to the ratio and density of row spacing 50-60CM and plant spacing 40-50CM; Put the broccoli seedlings into the hole, straighten it, tamp it with soil, and water it; Planting the plants.

[0008] Furthermore, during the planting and growth period of the broccoli, the broccoli planting experimental site is regularly fertilized, the broccoli plants are trimmed, and artificial pollination is performed during the flowering period of the broccoli plants to obtain broccoli in the head growth period, which includes the following steps: Seven days after the broccoli seedlings are planted, 5-8 kg urea diluted with water is applied per mu to the broccoli planting test plot; During the rosette stage of broccoli, apply 15-20 kg of compound fertilizer per mu of land and water after fertilization. In the early stage of flower head formation, apply 20-25 kg of high-phosphorus and high-potassium compound fertilizer per mu and water after fertilization. When the broccoli seedlings grow to 15-20 cm in height, remove the root side branches and diseased branches. During the growth process, remove the growing side branches every 3-5 days. When the diameter of the flower head reaches 3-5 cm, tie the leaves upward to prevent the flower head from being exposed to direct sunlight. An insect-proof net is set up in the broccoli test site, and pollination is carried out between 8 and 9 in the morning on a sunny and windless day. Pollen from the male parent is collected using a brush and gently applied to the stigma of the female parent using tweezers. Pollination is carried out every two to three days, and the operation is repeated 3-4 times. After successful pollination, the male parent is removed and the broccoli is allowed to continue growing to obtain broccoli in the head growth period.

[0009] Furthermore, the broccoli planting experimental site controls pests and diseases by physically trapping and killing pests and rotating pesticides, so that the broccoli in the head growth stage continues to grow and mature broccoli is obtained, comprising the following steps: In the broccoli experimental field, a frequency vibration insecticidal lamp was set up for every 2-3 mu of land. The light was turned on from dusk to dawn every day. Hang 20-30 yellow sticky insect traps per acre in the broccoli test plot; On a clear and windless day, spray the broccoli test plots alternately with 10% imidacloprid (2000 times diluted) and 5% chlorantraniliprole (1500 times diluted), focusing on the back of leaves, stem bases, heart leaves, and flower buds. After the prevention and control of diseases and pests, the broccoli in the head growth period continues to grow and mature broccoli is obtained.

[0010] Furthermore, the mature broccoli is harvested and stored to obtain high-yield broccoli seeds, comprising the following steps: When more than 80% of the broccoli plants are yellow, and the seeds are brown or black, the broccoli plants are harvested; The harvested broccoli plants are bundled and hung upside down in a well-ventilated, cool, and dry greenhouse for 7-10 days of after-ripening; The after-ripened broccoli plants are threshed using a small thresher, the seed moisture content is reduced to below 8% using a drying machine, and impurities are removed using air separation; The seeds are stored in well-ventilated woven bags under light-proof conditions at a temperature of 4-10°C and a humidity of less than 50%, and regular checks are made.

[0011] Further, according to the test results of the soil pH value, different corresponding measures are taken, when the test pH value is lower than 6.0, lime is used, when the test pH value is higher than 7.0, ferrous sulfate is used, the soil is deep plowed, the pH value is tested regularly until the pH value reaches 6.0-7.0, and the broccoli planting test site is obtained, including the following steps; When the soil pH value is lower than 6.0, 50-100 KG of lime is applied per mu, and the lime is evenly applied on the surface of the soil; when the soil pH value is higher than 7.0, 10-20 KG of ferrous sulfate is applied per mu, and is evenly applied; After applying the adjusting material, the soil is deep plowed using deep plowing machinery, and the deep plowing depth reaches 25-30 CM; The soil pH value is retested within 1-2 months after applying the adjusting material and deep plowing; According to the retest results, if the pH value still does not reach the ideal range of 6.0-7.0, when the soil pH value is lower than 6.0, Continue to apply lime to the broccoli planting test site; When the soil pH value is higher than 7.0, continue to apply ferrous sulfate to the broccoli planting test site; Until the soil pH value stabilizes at 6.0-7.0, the broccoli planting test site is obtained.

[0012] Further, the 72-hole plug seedlings are used for seedling raising, 1 to 2 seeds are sown in each hole, and after sowing the seeds, the substrate is applied according to the thickness of the sown seeds as the standard, watering irrigation is carried out, including the following steps; Select a 72-hole plug, soak the plug in a 0.1%-0.2% potassium permanganate solution for disinfection before use, soak for 20-30 minutes, after disinfection, take out the plug, rinse it with clean water, and dry it in a well-ventilated place for standby; Prepare broccoli seeds with firm flower balls, few lateral buds, and strong disease resistance, and place the dried plug in a flat seedling field, sow 1-2 seeds in each hole; Choose a special seedling medium that is loose, breathable, and has strong water and fertilizer retention capabilities, and place the medium in a clean container; Use a fine-meshed spray bottle to wet the substrate; Evenly spread the matrix over the holes of the matrix to ensure that each seed is covered by the matrix; Use a special pressure hole plate to ensure the surface of the matrix and make the matrix fully contact with the seeds; Use a fine-meshed spray bottle to spray the broccoli seeds with water, so that the water is sprayed slowly and evenly on the plug tray. The amount of water sprayed is controlled until a small amount of water seeps out from the bottom of the plug tray. Place the hole tray in a well-ventilated and well-lit place, and water it according to the dryness and wetness of the substrate, keeping the substrate moist but not too wet.

[0013] In the technical solution provided by the present invention, high-quality broccoli varieties with compact head, few side buds and strong disease resistance are selected, the seeds are processed, and seedlings are grown in a plug tray matrix to obtain broccoli seedlings; a piece of sandy loam land is selected, the land surface is leveled, drainage ditches are dug, the soil pH value is measured, and the pH value is adjusted to obtain a broccoli planting experimental site; the broccoli seedlings are obtained, and seedlings that meet the requirements are selected as plantlets, which are transplanted into the broccoli planting experimental site, and the plantlets are planted according to a set proportion layout and density; during the planting and growth period of the broccoli, the broccoli planting experimental site is regularly fertilized, the broccoli plants are trimmed, and artificial pollination is performed during the flowering period of the broccoli plants to obtain broccoli in the head growth period; pests and diseases are controlled in the broccoli planting experimental site by physical trapping and killing and rotating pesticide changes, so that the broccoli in the head growth period continues to grow to obtain mature broccoli; the mature broccoli is harvested and stored to obtain high-yield broccoli seeds. This method improves seedling quality by selecting high-quality seeds and combining them with plug-type seedling cultivation; optimizes soil and scientifically transplants seedlings to ensure a healthy growth environment; uses artificial pollination and meticulous management to promote high yields; and uses physical pest control to reduce chemical pollution. This addresses issues such as poor seedling emergence, low yield, unstable quality, and pesticide resistance. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0014] Various other advantages and benefits will become apparent to those skilled in the art by reading the following detailed description of the preferred embodiment.The accompanying drawings are only for the purpose of illustrating the preferred embodiment and are not to be considered as limiting the present invention.

[0015] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of a first embodiment of a high-yield broccoli seed cultivation method according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0016] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of a second embodiment of a high-yield broccoli seed cultivation method according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0017] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of a third embodiment of a high-yield broccoli seed cultivation method according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0018] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of a fourth embodiment of a high-yield broccoli seed cultivation method according to an embodiment of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0019] In order to make the purpose, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more clearly understood, the present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are only used to explain the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention.

[0020] Those skilled in the art will appreciate that, unless otherwise stated, the singular forms "a", "an", "" and "the" used herein may also include plural forms. It should be further understood that the term "comprising" used in the specification of the present invention refers to the presence of features, integers, steps, operations, elements and / or components, but does not preclude the presence or addition of one or more other features, integers, steps, operations, elements, components and / or groups thereof.

[0021] A high-yield broccoli seed production and cultivation method, such as Figure 1 As shown, the method includes the following steps: selecting a piece of sandy loam land, leveling the land surface, digging drainage ditches, measuring the soil pH value, and adjusting the pH value to obtain a broccoli planting experimental site; obtaining the broccoli seedlings, selecting seedlings that meet the requirements as plantlets, transplanting them into the broccoli planting experimental site, and planting the plantlets according to a set proportion layout and density; during the planting and growth period of the broccoli, regularly fertilizing the broccoli planting experimental site, trimming the broccoli plants, and artificially pollinating the broccoli plants during the flowering period to obtain broccoli in the head growth period; controlling diseases and pests in the broccoli planting experimental site by physical trapping and killing and rotating pesticides, so that the broccoli in the head growth period continues to grow to obtain mature broccoli; harvesting and storing the mature broccoli to obtain high-yield broccoli seeds.

[0022] like Figure 2As shown, in this embodiment, a high-quality broccoli variety with a firm head, few side buds, and strong disease resistance is selected, the seeds are processed, and seedlings are grown in a plug tray matrix to obtain broccoli seedlings, including: selecting a high-quality broccoli variety with a firm head, few side buds, and strong disease resistance, and strictly prohibiting the use of F1 hybrid seeds for breeding; marking the parent seeds, spreading them out in the sun at a thickness of 3CM for 8 hours, and turning them every two hours; soaking the seeds in 55°C hot water for 15 minutes, and then harvesting them. Use cold water to cool down, dry the surface moisture, soak the seeds in boric acid and manganese sulfate for 6 hours to promote yield, soak the seeds in 0.1% gibberellin for 2 hours to germinate; use 72-hole trays for seedling cultivation, sow 1 to 2 seeds in each hole, and after sowing the seeds, sprinkle the substrate according to the thickness of the seeds covered, and water for irrigation; when the seedlings grow 4-6 true leaves, remove the weak and diseased seedlings, leaving one healthy seedling in each hole, use a shovel to gently remove the seedlings, and place the seedlings in the prepared basket.

[0023] like Figure 3 As shown, in this embodiment, a piece of sandy loam land is selected, the land surface is leveled, drainage ditches are dug, the soil pH value is measured, and the pH value is adjusted to obtain a broccoli planting experimental site, including: selecting a piece of sandy loam land, using a large tillage machine to level the land, the depth of which is controlled to be 20-25CM, and after deep plowing, using a rotary tiller to harrow the soil, and the land height difference is controlled within 3CM; digging a main ditch along the long side of the sandy loam land, the depth of which is controlled to be 50-60CM and the width of which is controlled to be 60-80CM, and digging branch ditches in a direction perpendicular to the main ditch, The depth was controlled at 30-40CM, and the width was controlled at 40-50CM. Fifteen points were taken at different locations on the sandy loam land according to the diagonal method, and soil at a depth of 15CM was taken from each point. After mixing evenly, samples were taken and measured using a soil pH tester. Different corresponding measures were taken according to the test results of the soil pH value. When the test pH value was lower than 6.0, lime was used. When the test pH value was higher than 7.0, ferrous sulfate was used. The soil was deeply plowed and the pH value was tested regularly until the pH value reached 6.0-7.0 to obtain a broccoli planting test site.

[0024] like Figure 4 As shown, in this embodiment, broccoli seedlings are obtained, seedlings that meet the requirements are selected as plantlets, and they are transplanted to a broccoli planting experimental site. The plantlets are planted according to a set proportional layout and density, including: selecting broccoli seedlings with thick and unbent stems, emerald green leaves without wrinkles, yellow leaves, or insect holes, and 4-6 true leaves; digging holes according to a proportional layout and density of 50-60CM row spacing and 40-50CM plant spacing; placing the broccoli seedlings in the holes, straightening them, tamping them with backfill soil, and watering them; and planting the plantlets.

[0025] In this embodiment, during the planting and growth period of broccoli, the broccoli planting experimental site is regularly fertilized, the broccoli plants are trimmed, and artificial pollination is performed during the flowering period of the broccoli plants to obtain broccoli in the head growth period, including: seven days after the broccoli seedlings are planted, 5-8 kg of urea diluted with water is applied to the broccoli planting experimental site per mu; During the rosette stage of broccoli, 15-20 kg of compound fertilizer was applied per mu of land, and water was applied after fertilization. In the early stage of flower head formation, 20-25 kg of high-phosphorus and high-potassium compound fertilizer was applied per mu, and water was applied after fertilization. When the broccoli seedlings grew to 15-20 cm in height, the root side branches and weak branches were removed. The side branches that grew were removed every 3-5 days during the growth process. When the diameter of the flower head reached 3-5 cm, the leaves were tied upward to prevent the flower head from being directly exposed to sunlight. An insect-proof net was set up in the broccoli test site, and pollination was carried out between 8 and 9 in the morning on a sunny and windless day. The pollen of the male parent was collected with a brush and gently applied to the stigma of the female parent with tweezers. Pollination was carried out once every two to three days, and the operation was repeated 3-4 times. After successful pollination, the male parent was removed and the broccoli continued to grow to obtain broccoli in the flower head growth period.

[0026] In this embodiment, pests and diseases are controlled in a broccoli planting experimental site by physically trapping and killing pests and rotating pesticides, so that the broccoli in the head growth period continues to grow and mature broccoli is obtained, including: setting a frequency-vibrating insecticidal lamp for every 2-3 mu of land in the broccoli experimental site, turning on the lamp from dusk to dawn every day, and hanging 20-30 yellow sticky insect boards per mu of the broccoli experimental site; selecting clear and windless weather to alternately spray 2000 times of 10% imidacloprid solution and 1500 times of 5% chlorantraniliprole solution in the broccoli experimental site, focusing on spraying the back of the leaves, the base of the stem, the heart leaves, and the flower buds; after the pests and diseases are controlled, the broccoli in the head growth period continues to grow and mature broccoli is obtained.

[0027] In this embodiment, mature broccoli is harvested and stored to obtain high-yield broccoli seeds, including: waiting for more than 80% of the seed pods of the broccoli plants to turn yellow and the seeds to be brown or black, and then harvesting the broccoli seeds; bundling the harvested broccoli seeds into small bundles, hanging them upside down in a ventilated, cool, and dry greenhouse to ripen for 7-10 days; threshing the ripened broccoli seeds with a small thresher, using a dryer to reduce the moisture content of the seeds to below 8%, and using an air separation method to remove impurities; putting the seeds into a well-ventilated woven bag, storing them in a dark place at a temperature of 4-10°C and a humidity below 50%, and inspecting them regularly.

[0028] In this embodiment, different corresponding measures are taken according to the test results of the soil pH value. When the test pH value is lower than 6.0, lime is used. When the test pH value is higher than 7.0, ferrous sulfate is used. The soil is deep plowed and the pH value is tested regularly until the pH value reaches 6.0-7.0. A broccoli planting test site is obtained, comprising the following steps: when the soil pH value is lower than 6.0, 50-100 kg of quicklime is applied per mu, and the lime is evenly spread on the soil surface; when the soil pH value is higher than 7.0, 10-20 kg of ferrous sulfate is applied per mu, and the lime is evenly spread on the soil surface. Spread the fertilizer evenly; after applying the regulating substance, use deep tillage machinery to deep till the soil to a depth of 25-30CM; within 1-2 months after applying the regulating substance and deep tillage, retest the soil pH value; based on the retest results, if the pH value still has not reached the ideal range of 6.0-7.0, when the soil pH value is lower than 6.0, continue to apply quicklime to the broccoli planting test site; when the soil pH value is higher than 7.0, continue to apply ferrous sulfate to the broccoli planting test site; until the soil pH value stabilizes at 6.0-7.0, a broccoli planting test site is obtained.

[0029] In this embodiment, a 72-hole hole tray is used for seedling cultivation, 1 to 2 seeds are sown in each hole, and after sowing the seeds, a substrate is sprinkled according to the thickness of the seed cover, and watering and irrigation are performed, comprising the following steps: selecting a 72-hole hole tray, soaking and disinfecting the hole tray with a 0.1%-0.2% potassium permanganate solution before use, and the soaking time is 20-30 minutes. After disinfection, the hole tray is fished out, rinsed with clean water, and placed in a well-ventilated place to dry for standby use; preparing broccoli seeds with firm flower heads, few side buds, and strong disease resistance, and neatly placing the dried hole trays on a flat seedling raising site, sowing 1-2 seeds in each hole; selecting a special seedling raising substrate that is loose, breathable, and has strong water and fertilizer retention capabilities, and placing the substrate in a clean container; using a fine-meshed spray bottle to spray the substrate; Use the substrate to evenly spread on the holes of the substrate to ensure that each seed is covered by the substrate; use a special pressure hole plate to press the surface of the substrate to ensure that the substrate and the seeds are in full contact; use a fine-meshed spray bottle to spray the broccoli seeds with water, so that the water is slowly and evenly sprayed on the hole tray, and the amount of water sprayed is controlled until a small amount of water seeps out from the bottom of the hole tray; place the hole tray in a well-ventilated and lighted place, and water it according to the dryness and wetness of the substrate, keeping the substrate moist but not too wet.

[0030] The above shows and describes the basic principles, main features, and advantages of the present invention. Those skilled in the art should understand that the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments. The above embodiments and descriptions are merely preferred examples of the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention. Various changes and improvements may be made to the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention. Such changes and improvements fall within the scope of the present invention. The scope of protection claimed in the present invention is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A high-yield broccoli seed cultivation method, characterized in that: The method for high-yield seed production and cultivation of broccoli comprises the following steps: Select high-quality broccoli varieties with firm heads, few side buds and strong disease resistance, treat the seeds, and use plug tray substrates to grow seedlings to obtain broccoli seedlings; Select a piece of sandy loam land, level the land surface, dig drainage ditches, measure the soil pH value, and adjust the pH value to obtain a broccoli planting experimental site; Obtaining the broccoli seedlings, selecting seedlings that meet the requirements as plantlets, transplanting them into the broccoli planting experimental plot, and planting the plantlets according to a set proportion layout and density; During the planting and growth period of the broccoli, the broccoli planting experimental site is regularly fertilized, the broccoli plants are trimmed, and artificial pollination is performed during the flowering period of the broccoli plants to obtain broccoli in the head growth period; In the broccoli planting experimental site, pests and diseases are controlled by physical trapping and killing and rotating pesticide changes, so that the broccoli in the head growth stage continues to grow and mature broccoli is obtained; The mature broccoli is harvested and stored to obtain high-yield broccoli seeds.

2. A high-yield broccoli seed production and cultivation method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The method comprises the following steps: selecting a high-quality broccoli variety with a compact head, few side buds, and strong disease resistance, treating the seeds, and growing seedlings in a plug tray matrix to obtain broccoli seedlings. Choose high-quality broccoli varieties with firm heads, few side buds, and strong disease resistance. It is strictly forbidden to use F1 hybrid seeds for propagation. Mark the parent seeds and spread them out in the sun at a thickness of 3cm for 8 hours, turning them over every two hours. Soak the seeds in 55°C hot water for 15 minutes, cool them down with cold water, dry the surface moisture, soak the seeds in boric acid and manganese sulfate for 6 hours to increase yield, and soak the seeds in 0.1% gibberellin for 2 hours to accelerate germination. Use 72-hole trays for seedling cultivation, sow 1 to 2 seeds in each hole, and after sowing the seeds, sprinkle the substrate according to the thickness of the seeds, and water and irrigate; When the seedlings grow 4-6 true leaves, remove the weak and diseased seedlings, leaving one healthy seedling in each hole, use a shovel to gently remove the seedlings, and place the seedlings in the prepared basket.

3. The high-yield broccoli seed cultivation method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The method comprises the following steps: selecting a piece of sandy loam land, leveling the land surface, digging drainage ditches, measuring the soil pH value, and adjusting the soil pH value to obtain a broccoli planting experimental site: Select a piece of sandy loam land and use a large tiller to level the land to a depth of 20-25cm. After deep plowing, use a rotary tiller to harrow the soil and control the height difference of the land within 3cm. Along the long side of the sandy loam soil dug the main trench, the depth is controlled at 50-60CM, the width is controlled at 60-80CM, in accordance with the direction perpendicular to the main trench dug out the branch trench, the depth is controlled at 30-40CM, the width is controlled at 40-50CM; According to the diagonal method, 15 points were taken at different locations on the sandy loam soil. Soil was taken from each point at a depth of 15 cm. After mixing evenly, samples were taken and measured using a soil pH tester. Different corresponding measures were taken according to the test results of soil pH value. When the test pH value was lower than 6.0, lime was used. When the test pH value was higher than 7.0, ferrous sulfate was used. The soil was deeply plowed and the pH value was tested regularly until the pH value reached 6.0-7.0, thus obtaining a broccoli planting test site.

4. The high-yield broccoli seed production and cultivation method according to claim 1, characterized in that: Obtaining the broccoli seedlings, selecting seedlings that meet the requirements as plantlets, transplanting them into the broccoli planting experimental plot, and planting the plantlets according to a set proportion layout and density, comprising the following steps: Choose broccoli seedlings with thick, straight stems, emerald green leaves without wrinkles, yellowing, or insect holes, and 4-6 true leaves. Dig holes according to the ratio and density of row spacing 50-60CM and plant spacing 40-50CM; Put the broccoli seedlings into the hole, straighten it, tamp it with soil, and water it; Planting the plants.

5. The high-yield broccoli seed production and cultivation method according to claim 1, characterized in that: During the planting and growth period of the broccoli, the broccoli planting experimental site is regularly fertilized, the broccoli plants are trimmed, and artificial pollination is performed during the flowering period of the broccoli plants to obtain broccoli in the head growth period, comprising the following steps: Seven days after the broccoli seedlings are planted, 5-8 kg urea diluted with water is applied per mu to the broccoli planting test plot; During the rosette stage of broccoli, apply 15-20 kg of compound fertilizer per mu and water the field after fertilization. During the early stage of flower head formation, apply 20-25 kg of high-phosphorus and high-potassium compound fertilizer per mu and water the field after fertilization. When the broccoli seedlings grow to 15-20 cm in height, remove the root side branches and diseased branches. During the growth process, remove the growing side branches every 3-5 days. When the diameter of the flower head reaches 3-5 cm, tie the leaves upward to prevent the flower head from being exposed to direct sunlight. An insect-proof net is set up in the broccoli test site, and pollination is carried out between 8 and 9 in the morning on a sunny and windless day. Pollen from the male parent is collected using a brush and gently applied to the stigma of the female parent using tweezers. Pollination is carried out every two to three days, and the operation is repeated 3-4 times. After successful pollination, the male parent is removed and the broccoli is allowed to continue growing to obtain broccoli in the head growth period.

6. The high-yield broccoli seed production and cultivation method according to claim 1, characterized in that: In the broccoli planting experimental site, pests and diseases are controlled by physically trapping and killing pests and rotating the use of pesticides, so that the broccoli in the head growth stage continues to grow and mature broccoli is obtained, including the following steps: In the broccoli experimental field, a frequency vibration insecticidal lamp was set up for every 2-3 mu of land. The light was turned on from dusk to dawn every day. Hang 20-30 yellow sticky insect traps per acre in the broccoli test plot; On a clear and windless day, spray the broccoli test plots alternately with 10% imidacloprid (2000 times diluted) and 5% chlorantraniliprole (1500 times diluted), focusing on the back of leaves, stem bases, heart leaves, and flower buds. After the prevention and control of diseases and pests, the broccoli in the head growth period continues to grow and mature broccoli is obtained.

7. The high-yield broccoli seed production and cultivation method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The method comprises harvesting and storing the mature broccoli to obtain high-yield broccoli seeds, comprising the following steps: Wait until more than 80% of the broccoli pods turn yellow and the seeds are brown or black before harvesting the broccoli seeds. Bundle the harvested broccoli plants into small bundles and hang them upside down in a ventilated, cool, and dry greenhouse to ripen for 7-10 days; Use a small thresher to thresh the ripened broccoli seeds, use a dryer to reduce the moisture content of the seeds to below 8%, and use air separation to remove impurities; Put the seeds into well-ventilated woven bags, store them in dark conditions at a temperature of 4-10℃ and humidity below 50%, and check them regularly.

8. The high-yield broccoli seed production and cultivation method according to claim 2, characterized in that The method adopts a 72-hole tray for seedling cultivation, sowing 1 to 2 seeds in each hole, and after sowing the seeds, sprinkles the substrate according to the thickness of the seeds, and irrigates the seeds, including the following steps: Use a 72-hole plug tray and soak it in 0.1%-0.2% potassium permanganate solution for 20-30 minutes before use. After disinfection, remove the plug tray, rinse it with clean water, and place it in a well-ventilated place to dry. Prepare broccoli seeds with firm heads, few side buds, and strong disease resistance. Place the dried seed trays neatly on a flat nursery site and sow 1-2 seeds in each hole. Choose a special seedling medium that is loose, breathable, and has strong water and fertilizer retention capabilities, and place the medium in a clean container; Use a fine-meshed spray bottle to wet the substrate; Evenly spread the matrix over the holes of the matrix to ensure that each seed is covered by the matrix; Use a special pressure hole plate to ensure the surface of the matrix and make the matrix fully contact with the seeds; Use a fine-meshed spray bottle to spray the broccoli seeds with water, so that the water is sprayed slowly and evenly on the plug tray. The amount of water sprayed is controlled until a small amount of water seeps out from the bottom of the plug tray. Place the hole tray in a well-ventilated and well-lit place, and water it according to the dryness and wetness of the substrate, keeping the substrate moist but not too wet.

9. The high-yield broccoli seed production and cultivation method according to claim 3, characterized in that , said taking different corresponding measures according to the test results of the soil pH value, when the test pH value is lower than 6.0, using lime, when the test pH value is higher than 7.0, using ferrous sulfate, deep plowing the soil, and regularly testing the pH value until the pH value reaches 6.0-7.0, to obtain a broccoli planting test site, including the following steps; When the soil pH is lower than 6.0, apply 50-100 kg of quicklime per mu and spread the lime evenly on the soil surface; when the soil pH is higher than 7.0, apply 10-20 kg of ferrous sulfate per mu and spread it evenly; After applying the regulating substance, use deep tillage machinery to deep till the soil to a depth of 25-30CM; Retest soil pH within 1-2 months after applying the regulating substance and deep tillage; According to the retest results, if the pH value still does not reach the ideal range of 6.0-7.0, when the soil pH value is lower than 6.0, continuing to apply quicklime to the broccoli planting test plot; When the soil pH value is higher than 7.0, continue to apply ferrous sulfate to the broccoli planting test plot; When the soil pH value stabilizes at 6.0-7.0, a broccoli planting test site is obtained.

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