Tunnel fire fighting system and tunnel fire fighting method

Abstract

The invention provides a tunnel fire fighting system and a tunnel fire fighting method.The tunnel fire fighting system comprises at least one spraying mechanism, at least one high-position well and at least one low-position well, the spraying mechanism is arranged on a tunnel vault and can conduct spraying on the interior of a tunnel, and the high-position well and the low-position well are arranged below a tunnel inverted arch cushion layer and can conduct spraying on the interior of the tunnel; the high-position well is higher than the low-position well, the high-position well is communicated with a drainage mechanism of the tunnel, the high-position well is communicated with the low-position well, the low-position well is communicated with the spraying mechanism, and a hot melting switch is arranged on a communication channel of the low-position well and the spraying mechanism. The tunnel fire-fighting system does not need to be provided with a power part, the water head pressure of the high-position water well to the low-position water well serves as the water pressure needed for spraying, and when a fire occurs in a tunnel, the spraying mechanism can automatically spray the interior of the tunnel, so that the fire and smoke spreading can be timely and efficiently inhibited, and the safety of the tunnel is improved. And longer evacuation and escape time is provided for field personnel.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of tunnel fire protection, and in particular to a tunnel fire protection system and a tunnel fire protection method. Background Art

[0002] Tunnels are confined and narrow, with poor ventilation and smoke exhaust. This can easily create a "chimney effect" in the early stages of a fire, accelerating the spread of fire and smoke. Consequently, once a fire breaks out in a tunnel, the time available for evacuation is relatively short. For long, single-hole tunnels, service tunnels are often installed to ensure timely evacuation, significantly increasing construction costs.

[0003] Therefore, how to extend the evacuation time for on-site personnel when a fire occurs inside a tunnel at a low cost is a technical problem that needs to be solved by those skilled in the art. Summary of the Invention

[0004] In order to solve the above technical problems, the present application provides a tunnel fire fighting system, which includes at least one sprinkler mechanism, at least one high-level water well and at least one low-level water well. The sprinkler mechanism is arranged on the tunnel arch and can spray the interior of the tunnel. The high-level water well and the low-level water well are arranged below the tunnel invert arch cushion layer. The high-level water well is higher than the low-level water well. The high-level water well is connected to the drainage mechanism of the tunnel, the high-level water well is connected to the low-level water well, and the low-level water well is connected to the sprinkler mechanism. A hot melt switch is provided on the connecting channel between the low-level water well and the sprinkler mechanism.

[0005] In one embodiment of the tunnel fire protection system, the sprinkler mechanism includes a sprinkler pipe, the sprinkler pipe is curved along the tunnel vault, and a sprinkler hole is provided on the pipe wall of the sprinkler pipe; or,

[0006] The spray mechanism includes a connecting pipe, which is curved along the tunnel vault. A spray head is connected to the connecting pipe at intervals, and a spray hole is provided on the spray head.

[0007] In one embodiment of the tunnel fire protection system, a plurality of the sprinkler mechanisms are sequentially arranged along the length direction of the tunnel vault.

[0008] In one embodiment of the tunnel fire protection system, a plurality of low-level water wells and a plurality of high-level water wells are sequentially arranged in the longitudinal direction of the tunnel, and each of the low-level water wells is individually connected to one of the sprinkler mechanisms;

[0009] All of the high-level water wells and all of the low-level water wells are connected in sequence; or, each of the high-level water wells is connected to one of the low-level water wells individually.

[0010] In one embodiment of the tunnel fire protection system, a filtering device is provided on the communication passage between the high-level water well and the drainage mechanism.

[0011] In one embodiment of the tunnel fire protection system, a pressure reducing device and / or a pressure increasing device is provided on the communication passage between the high-level water well and the low-level water well.

[0012] In one embodiment of the tunnel fire protection system, an inspection well and an inspection cover covering the top opening of the inspection well are provided in the high-level water well. An inspection switch is provided in the high-level water well, and when the inspection switch is in the closed state, it can prevent water in the drainage mechanism from entering the high-level water well.

[0013] In one embodiment of the tunnel fire protection system, the tunnel fire protection system includes a smoke alarm switch, which is arranged on the communication channel between the low-level water well and the sprinkler mechanism, and the smoke alarm switch is connected in series or in parallel with the thermal melt switch.

[0014] In one embodiment of the tunnel fire protection system, the tunnel fire protection system includes a remote switch, which is arranged on the connecting channel between the low-level water well and the sprinkler mechanism. The remote switch is simultaneously connected in parallel with the thermal melt switch and the smoke alarm switch or is separately connected in parallel with the thermal melt switch and the smoke alarm switch.

[0015] The present application also provides a tunnel fire fighting method, which is implemented based on any of the above-mentioned tunnel fire fighting systems. The high-level water well generates water head pressure in the low-level water well. When a fire occurs and causes the hot melt switch to open, the water in the low-level water well automatically enters the interior of the sprinkler mechanism under the action of the water head pressure, and then sprays into the interior of the tunnel.

[0016] When a fire occurs inside the tunnel, the tunnel fire protection system's thermal fuse switches on. Water from the lower well, under pressure from the water head, automatically enters the sprinkler mechanism, causing it to automatically spray the tunnel interior. This effectively suppresses the spread of fire and smoke, giving on-site personnel more time to evacuate. The entire system requires no power components, resulting in low cost and few electronic components, making it more reliable in high-temperature conditions. Furthermore, the accumulated water in the tunnel can be used for local spraying, and the sprayed water can be recycled back to the higher well, resulting in lower operating costs. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0017] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the tunnel cross section where the high-level water well is located;

[0018] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the tunnel cross section where the low-level water well is located;

[0019] Figure 3 A schematic diagram of a cross section of a tunnel where a low-level water well is located in another embodiment;

[0020] Figure 4 This is an overall schematic diagram of a tunnel section;

[0021] Figure 5 for Figure 4 A top view of

[0022] Figure 6 is an overall schematic diagram of a tunnel section in another embodiment;

[0023] Figure 7 for Figure 6 A top view of

[0024] Figure 8 A top view of a tunnel section in another embodiment;

[0025] Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram of the thermal cutout switch and the smoke alarm switch connected in series;

[0026] Figure 10 This is a schematic diagram showing a remote switch connected in parallel with a thermal melt switch and a smoke alarm switch.

[0027] The following are the descriptions of the reference numerals:

[0028] 01 tunnel vault, 02 tunnel invert cushion, 03 central ditch, 04 longitudinal drainage pipe, 05 transverse drainage pipe;

[0029] 1 High-level water well, 2 Low-level water well, 3 Hot melt switch, 4 Water diversion pipe, 5 Connecting pipe, 6 Water guide pipe, 7 Sprinkler pipe, 8 Connecting pipe, 9 Sprinkler head, 10 Pressure reducing device or pressure boosting device, 11 Inspection cover, 12 Inspection switch, 13 Smoke alarm switch, 14 Remote switch, 15 Fixing parts. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0030] The present application provides a tunnel fire protection system and a tunnel fire protection method. In order to enable those skilled in the art to better understand the technical solution of the present application, the technical solution of the present application is further described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and specific implementation methods.

[0031] like Figure 1 and Figure 2 As shown, the tunnel fire protection system provided in this application includes at least one sprinkler mechanism, at least one high-level water well 1, and at least one low-level water well 2. The sprinkler mechanism is located in the tunnel vault 01 and can spray the tunnel interior. The high-level water well 1 and the low-level water well 2 are located below the tunnel invert cushion 02, with the high-level water well 1 being higher than the low-level water well 2.

[0032] The elevated well 1 is connected to the tunnel's drainage system, allowing accumulated water in the tunnel to flow into it. The tunnel's drainage system includes a central drainage ditch 03 located at the center of the tunnel floor, side drainage ditches (not shown) located on the sides of the tunnel floor, longitudinal drainage pipes 04 extending along the length of the tunnel, and transverse drainage pipes 05 extending along the width of the tunnel. In the figure, the elevated well 1 is connected to the tunnel's central drainage ditch 03 via a water diversion pipe 4.

[0033] High-level well 1 is connected to low-level well 2. Because high-level well 1 is higher than low-level well 2, the two wells form a communicating vessel. This allows water from high-level well 1 to automatically flow into low-level well 2, generating head pressure within low-level well 2, which in turn provides the required water pressure for the sprinkler mechanism. This means that spraying can be achieved without the need for additional power components such as water pumps.

[0034] The low-level water well 2 is connected to the sprinkler mechanism via a water conduit 6. A thermal switch 3 is installed in the connection between the low-level water well 2 and the sprinkler mechanism. When a fire occurs and the thermal switch 3 reaches its activation temperature, it opens. At this point, water in the low-level water well 2 automatically enters the sprinkler mechanism under the action of water head pressure and is sprayed into the tunnel interior, suppressing the spread of fire and smoke inside the tunnel and cooling the tunnel interior.

[0035] When a fire occurs in the tunnel and the hot melt switch 3 of the tunnel fire protection system is turned on, the water in the low-level water well 2 automatically enters the sprinkler mechanism under the action of the water head pressure, causing the sprinkler mechanism to automatically spray the interior of the tunnel, thereby timely and efficiently suppressing the spread of fire and smoke, giving on-site personnel more time to evacuate. The entire system does not require power components, so the cost is low, and there are few electronic components, so it is more reliable under high temperature conditions. Moreover, the accumulated water in the tunnel can be used for spraying on site, and after spraying, the water can return to the high-level water well 1 for circulation, thereby reducing operating costs.

[0036] Specifically, such as Figure 2 As shown, the spray mechanism may include a spray pipe 7, which is curved along the tunnel vault 01 and can be fixed to the inner side of the tunnel vault 01 by a clamp or other fixing member 15. Spray holes are provided on the wall of the spray pipe 7. Figure 4 As shown, the spraying mechanism may include a spraying pipe 7. Alternatively, as shown Figure 8 As shown, the spray mechanism may include a plurality of spray pipes 7 arranged in sequence along the length direction of the tunnel vault 01 and connected to each other. Figure 8 In the embodiment, the spraying mechanism includes five spraying pipes 7.

[0037] Or, as Figure 3As shown, the spray mechanism may include a pipe 8. The pipe 8 is curved along the tunnel vault 01 and may be fixed to the inner side of the tunnel vault 01 by a clamp or other fixing member 15. A spray head 9 is connected to the pipe 8 at intervals, and the spray head 9 is provided with a spray hole. Figure 4 As shown, the spray mechanism may include a pipe 8. Alternatively, as shown Figure 8 As shown, the spray mechanism may include a plurality of pipes 8 that are sequentially arranged in the longitudinal direction of the tunnel vault 01 and are interconnected. Figure 8 In the embodiment, the spray mechanism comprises five connecting pipes 8.

[0038] Specifically, multiple spraying mechanisms can be sequentially arranged along the length direction of the tunnel vault 01, and the spacing between the spraying mechanisms and the spraying range of the spraying mechanisms can be reasonably arranged to ensure that different length positions of the tunnel can be effectively sprayed.

[0039] Specifically, a plurality of low-level water wells 2 may be sequentially arranged along the length direction of the tunnel, and each low-level water well 2 is located near a spray mechanism and is individually connected to the spray mechanism.

[0040] Specifically, multiple high-level water wells 1 and multiple low-level water wells 2 can be set in sequence along the length of the tunnel. In this case, Figure 4 and Figure 5 As shown, all high-level water wells 1 and all low-level water wells 2 can be connected in sequence, so that each high-level water well 1 and each low-level water well 2 are in series. Figure 6 and Figure 7 As shown, each high-level water well 1 can be connected to a low-level water well 2 separately, so that the high-level water wells 1 and the low-level water wells 2 are connected in parallel.

[0041] Specifically, a filtering device, such as a filter screen or sieve, can be installed in the communication channel between the elevated water well 1 and the drainage mechanism. The filtering device is preferably installed at the water inlet of the communication channel between the elevated water well 1 and the drainage mechanism, for example, at the water inlet of the water diversion pipe 4. This prevents impurities from clogging the communication channel between the elevated water well 1 and the drainage mechanism and prevents impurities from entering the elevated water well 1.

[0042] Specifically, a pressure reducing device and / or a pressure boosting device 10 can be set on the connecting channel between the high-level water well 1 and the low-level water well 2. When the water pressure is too low and the spraying volume is too small, the pressure boosting device can be started to increase the pressure. When the water pressure is too high and the spraying volume is too large, the pressure reducing device can be started to reduce the pressure, thereby adapting to different fire conditions and improving the fire fighting effect.

[0043] Specifically, a maintenance well and an inspection cover 11 covering the top opening of the maintenance well are provided within the elevated water well 1. Maintenance personnel can open the inspection cover 11 and access the elevated water well 1 via a ladder on the sidewall of the maintenance well for maintenance. A maintenance switch 12 is provided within the elevated water well 1. During maintenance, maintenance personnel close the maintenance switch 12, which prevents water in the drainage mechanism from entering the elevated water well 1. Specifically, the maintenance switch 12 can be located on the section of the water diversion pipe 4 located within the elevated water well 1.

[0044] Specifically, the maintenance switch 12 can be a pressure-sensitive switch or a manual switch. If it is a pressure-sensitive switch, maintenance personnel drain water from the elevated well 1 during maintenance. When the water pressure in the elevated well 1 reaches the closing pressure of the maintenance switch 12, the maintenance switch 12 closes. If it is a manual switch, the maintenance personnel manually close the maintenance switch 12.

[0045] Specifically, the high-level water well 1 can be drained before maintenance. For example, the water can be drained by manually opening the hot melt switch 3, or a drain switch can be set on the connecting channel between the low-level water well 2 and the spray mechanism, and the drain switch can be manually opened to drain the water.

[0046] Specifically, such as Figure 9 As shown, the tunnel fire protection system may include a smoke alarm switch 13, which is arranged on the communication channel between the low-level water well 2 and the sprinkler mechanism. The smoke alarm switch 13 can sound an alarm and turn on when the smoke reaches a certain concentration, so that the communication channel between the low-level water well 2 and the sprinkler mechanism is in a conductive state. Figure 9 In the example, the low-level water well 2 is connected to the sprinkler mechanism via a water conduit 6, to which the smoke alarm switch 13 and the thermal cutoff switch 3 are connected in series. When the smoke alarm switch 13 and the thermal cutoff switch 3 are connected in series, the sprinkler is activated when the smoke reaches a certain concentration and the temperature reaches a certain level. Alternatively, the smoke alarm switch 13 and the thermal cutoff switch 3 can be connected in parallel. In this case, the sprinkler is activated when the smoke concentration is high and the temperature is low, when the smoke concentration is low and the temperature is high, and when the smoke concentration is high and the temperature is high.

[0047] Specifically, such as Figure 10 As shown, the tunnel fire protection system may include a remote switch 14, which is provided on the communication channel between the low-level water well 2 and the sprinkler mechanism. The remote switch 14 is connected in parallel with the thermal melt switch 3. When a smoke alarm switch 13 is provided at the same time, the thermal melt switch 3 and the smoke alarm switch 13 can be connected in series, and the remote switch 14 is connected in parallel with both the smoke alarm switch 13 and the thermal melt switch 3 ( Figure 10This is the case in

[15] ); Alternatively, the thermal melt switch 3 and the smoke alarm switch 13 can be connected in parallel, and the remote switch 14 can be connected in parallel with the smoke alarm switch 13 and the thermal melt switch 3, respectively. When a fire is detected, the remote switch 14 can be promptly operated to open the communication channel between the low-level water well 2 and the sprinkler mechanism, allowing for timely spraying. Furthermore, this ensures that the communication channel between the low-level water well 2 and the sprinkler mechanism remains unimpeded even if the thermal melt switch 3 or the smoke alarm switch 13 fails.

[0048] The tunnel fire fighting method provided in the present application is implemented based on the above-mentioned tunnel fire fighting system. The high-level water well 1 generates water head pressure in the low-level water well 2. When a fire occurs and the hot melt switch 3 is turned on, the water in the low-level water well 2 automatically enters the interior of the sprinkler mechanism under the action of the water head pressure, and then sprays into the interior of the tunnel.

[0049] The principles and implementation methods of the present application have been described above using specific examples. The description of the above embodiments is only intended to help understand the method and core concept of the present application. It should be noted that for those skilled in the art, without departing from the principles of the present application, various improvements and modifications may be made to the present application, and such improvements and modifications also fall within the scope of protection of the claims of the present application.

Claims

1. A tunnel fire protection system, characterized in that: The tunnel fire protection system comprises at least one sprinkler mechanism, at least one high-level water well (1) and at least one low-level water well (2); the sprinkler mechanism is arranged on the tunnel vault (01) and can sprinkle the interior of the tunnel; the high-level water well (1) and the low-level water well (2) are arranged below the tunnel invert cushion (02); the high-level water well (1) is higher than the low-level water well (2); the high-level water well (1) is connected to the drainage mechanism of the tunnel; the high-level water well (1) is connected to the low-level water well (2); the low-level water well (2) is connected to the sprinkler mechanism; and a hot melt switch (3) is provided on the communication passage between the low-level water well (2) and the sprinkler mechanism.

2. The tunnel fire fighting system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The spray mechanism comprises a spray pipe (7), the spray pipe (7) is curved along the tunnel vault (01), and spray holes are provided on the pipe wall of the spray pipe (7); or, The spray mechanism comprises a connecting pipe (8), the connecting pipe (8) is curved along the tunnel vault (01), a spray head (9) is connected to the connecting pipe (8) at intervals, and the spray head (9) is provided with a spray hole.

3. The tunnel fire fighting system according to claim 1, characterized in that: A plurality of the spray mechanisms are sequentially arranged in the length direction of the tunnel vault (01).

4. The tunnel fire fighting system according to claim 3, characterized in that: A plurality of low-level water wells (2) and a plurality of high-level water wells (1) are sequentially arranged in the longitudinal direction of the tunnel, and each of the low-level water wells (2) is individually connected to one of the spray mechanisms; All of the high-level water wells (1) and all of the low-level water wells (2) are connected in sequence; or, each of the high-level water wells (1) is individually connected to one of the low-level water wells (2).

5. The tunnel fire fighting system according to claim 1, characterized in that: A filtering device is provided on the communication channel between the high-level water well (1) and the drainage mechanism.

6. The tunnel fire fighting system according to claim 1, characterized in that: A pressure reducing device and / or a pressure increasing device (10) is provided on the communication passage between the high-level water well (1) and the low-level water well (2).

7. The tunnel fire fighting system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The high-level water well (1) is provided with an inspection well and an inspection cover (11) covering the top opening of the inspection well. An inspection switch (12) is provided in the high-level water well (1). When the inspection switch (12) is in a closed state, it can prevent water in the drainage mechanism from entering the high-level water well (1).

8. The tunnel fire fighting system according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that: The tunnel fire protection system comprises a smoke alarm switch (13), the smoke alarm switch (13) being arranged on a communication passage between the low-level water well (2) and the sprinkler mechanism, and the smoke alarm switch (13) being connected in series or in parallel with the thermal melt switch (3).

9. The tunnel fire fighting system according to claim 8, characterized in that: The tunnel fire protection system includes a remote switch (14), which is arranged on a communication passage between the low-level water well (2) and the sprinkler mechanism. The remote switch (14) is connected in parallel with the thermal melt switch (3) and the smoke alarm switch (13) at the same time or is connected in parallel with the thermal melt switch (3) and the smoke alarm switch (13) separately.

10. A tunnel fire-fighting method, characterized in that: The tunnel fire protection system according to any one of claims 1 to 9 is implemented, wherein the high-level water well (1) generates water head pressure in the low-level water well (2), and when a fire occurs and causes the hot melt switch (3) to open, the water in the low-level water well (2) automatically enters the interior of the spray mechanism under the action of the water head pressure and is then sprayed into the interior of the tunnel.

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