Vehicle-road cooperative charging system and method based on piezoelectric intelligent aggregate and wireless induction

Abstract

The invention discloses a vehicle-road cooperative charging system and method based on piezoelectric intelligent aggregate and wireless induction, and belongs to the technical field of road infrastructure and new energy. The system comprises piezoelectric intelligent aggregate which is mixed with concrete and is distributed randomly; and the vehicle-mounted energy collecting device comprises an inductance coil and an electric quantity collecting circuit. The method comprises the steps that a load is applied to the road structure through vehicle driving, so that the piezoelectric intelligent aggregate generates a changing magnetic field; a vehicle-mounted inductance coil induces the magnetic field in a non-contact manner to generate current; and finally, the electric energy is collected and stored by the electric quantity collection circuit. The invention also provides a piezoelectric intelligent aggregate which is characterized in that a miniature rectifying circuit is integrated on the piezoelectric core body and is used for converting the generated alternating current into direct current. According to the system and the method, the vehicle can be charged while running in a low-cost and high-reliability mode, and a brand new technical path is provided for solving mileage anxiety of the electric vehicle.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the fields of road infrastructure and new energy technologies, and in particular to a vehicle-road cooperative charging system and method based on piezoelectric intelligent aggregate and wireless induction. Background Art

[0002] With the global energy transition and growing awareness of environmental protection, the electric vehicle industry is experiencing rapid growth. However, the range and charging convenience of electric vehicles remain key constraints to their widespread adoption. To achieve dynamic energy replenishment while vehicles are in motion, researchers have proposed harvesting and utilizing the energy dissipated during driving.

[0003] Among the many energy harvesting technologies, road power generation technology based on the piezoelectric effect has received widespread attention. Existing piezoelectric road technology typically embeds prefabricated, large-scale piezoelectric ceramic modules or piezoelectric composite plates into the road surface structure. However, this traditional piezoelectric road technology faces major drawbacks that are difficult to overcome in practical applications: the piezoelectric modules are expensive, and their installation process is not compatible with existing standardized road construction processes, requiring special grooving, paving, and packaging processes. The huge wired network buried within the road structure is subject to the impact and vibration of vehicle loads for a long time and is prone to faults such as line aging, loose joints, short circuits, or open circuits. The weak current needs to be transmitted through a long cable, and the line loss during the transmission process is very large, resulting in a significant reduction in the effective energy ultimately collected.

[0004] This field urgently needs a new road energy collection and vehicle charging technology. This technology should be low-cost, easy to integrate with existing road projects, highly reliable, and almost maintenance-free. It should also be able to provide vehicles with truly convenient dynamic energy replenishment, thereby effectively solving the range anxiety problem of electric vehicles. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The purpose of the present invention is to propose a vehicle-road cooperative charging system and method based on piezoelectric intelligent aggregate and wireless induction to solve the problems raised in the background technology; the present invention uses piezoelectric intelligent aggregate to pave the road structure, and realizes the function of charging a moving vehicle through non-contact electromagnetic induction.

[0006] In order to achieve the above object, the present invention adopts the following technical solutions:

[0007] A vehicle-road cooperative charging system based on piezoelectric aggregate and wireless induction, the system comprising:

[0008] Piezoelectric elements, mixed with pavement materials (such as concrete or asphalt) and randomly distributed in three dimensions, are designed to generate instantaneous, weak electrical pulses through the piezoelectric effect when the road structure is subjected to tire loads from moving vehicles. Based on electromagnetic principles, these net current pulses, primarily in a vertical direction on a macroscopic scale, generated within the road structure produce a transient, varying magnetic field above the road.

[0009] An on-board energy harvesting device includes an inductor coil and a power collection circuit; the inductor coil is used to sense the changing magnetic field generated by the piezoelectric unit when the vehicle travels on the road structure. According to Faraday's law of electromagnetic induction, the changing magnetic field passes through the coil, thereby generating an induced current in the coil; the power collection circuit is electrically connected to the inductor coil and is used to efficiently collect, convert, store and manage the weak and unstable induced current, ultimately replenishing energy for the on-board battery.

[0010] Preferably, the piezoelectric units are designed in the shape of flat discs. During concrete pouring and vibration, the aggregate of this shape, due to its inherent physical stability, is likely to self-orient itself in a manner that favors vertical power generation. Furthermore, during manufacturing, the piezoelectric polarization direction is aligned with the dominant axis of the geometric shape, ensuring that when subjected to vertical pressure, the electrical pulses generated by the vast majority of units are of the same phase.

[0011] Preferably, the piezoelectric unit is a smart aggregate, which includes a piezoelectric core and a micro-rectifier circuit integrated on / inside the piezoelectric core, and the micro-rectifier circuit is used to convert the AC pulses generated by the piezoelectric core into DC pulses.

[0012] Preferably, the inductor coil is a transverse solenoid array structure, which uses multiple solenoids with ferrite cores, which are placed horizontally and arranged perpendicular to the direction of vehicle travel; the high magnetic permeability core can be used to capture the diffuse horizontal magnetic field in the space and converge it into the inside of the coil.

[0013] Preferably, the inductor coil is mounted on a non-rotating component of the vehicle, which is preferably the chassis of the vehicle or the axle tube of a non-independent suspension, as close to the road surface as possible.

[0014] Preferably, the power collection circuit includes a rectifier module for converting the induced current from AC to DC. The rectifier module uses a Schottky diode, which performs low-loss rectification on the weak AC induced current with its extremely low forward voltage drop and extremely fast switching speed.

[0015] Preferably, the power collection circuit further comprises an energy storage buffer module connected to the output end of the rectifier module, and the energy storage buffer module adopts a super capacitor for rapidly absorbing and storing electric energy pulses from the rectifier module.

[0016] Preferably, the power collection circuit also includes a buck-boost DC-DC converter with a maximum power point tracking (MPPT) algorithm connected to the output end of the energy storage buffer module as a power management module, which converts it into a stable and adaptive voltage and current to safely charge the vehicle battery.

[0017] The present invention further protects a vehicle-road cooperative charging method based on piezoelectric aggregates and wireless induction, which corresponds to the workflow of the above-mentioned system and realizes non-contact and dynamic collection and utilization of energy through the interaction between vehicle movement and road structure, and specifically includes the following steps:

[0018] S1, applying a load to a road structure with a plurality of randomly distributed piezoelectric units by driving a vehicle;

[0019] S2, generating a changing magnetic field around the road structure using a piezoelectric unit in response to the load applied in S1;

[0020] S3. Using an inductor coil mounted on the vehicle, non-contactly inducing the generated changing magnetic field to generate an induced current in the coil;

[0021] S4. Utilize an electric power collection circuit connected to the inductor coil to collect and store the electric energy generated by the induced current.

[0022] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0023] (1) This invention uses on-board wireless sensing to replace the road's internal wired network for energy collection, reducing the risk of system failure due to internal wiring damage. The road itself requires no electrical maintenance other than routine structural maintenance, ensuring extremely high long-term reliability.

[0024] (2) Based on the system and method proposed in the present invention, the energy is generated and used immediately, and is directly collected by the vehicle generating the vibration, thereby avoiding the loss of long-distance transmission and the complex conversion process of centralized grid connection, and achieving the most efficient use of energy.

[0025] (3) The present invention decouples the road's power generation function from the vehicle's energy collection function. Any road paved with piezoelectric aggregate can serve any vehicle equipped with a collection device, demonstrating a promising network effect and potential for widespread adoption. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0026] To more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, a brief introduction to the drawings involved in the embodiments is now provided. It is obvious that the drawings described below are only schematic illustrations of some embodiments of the present invention. Those skilled in the art can construct other forms of drawings based on these drawings without inventive effort.

[0027] Figure 1 Schematic diagram of the overall structure of the system proposed in Example 1 of the present invention;

[0028] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a piezoelectric smart aggregate proposed in Example 1 of the present invention;

[0029] Figure 3 Schematic diagram of the structure of the vehicle-mounted energy harvesting device proposed in Example 1 of the present invention;

[0030] In the picture:

[0031] 1. Automobile; 2. On-board energy harvesting device; 3. Piezoelectric smart aggregate; 4. Concrete matrix; 5. Positive electrode; 6. Piezoelectric ceramic sheet; 7. Negative electrode; 8. Micro rectifier circuit; 9. Rectifier module; 10. Power management module; 11. Inductor coil module; 12. Magnetic field generated by piezoelectric smart aggregate. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0032] The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, rather than all the embodiments.

[0033] The following describes a vehicle-road cooperative charging system and method based on piezoelectric intelligent aggregate and wireless induction proposed by the present invention in conjunction with relevant drawings and specific examples. The specific contents are as follows.

[0034] Example 1:

[0035] The present invention proposes a vehicle-road cooperative charging system based on piezoelectric intelligent aggregate and wireless induction, which includes the following contents:

[0036] See Figure 1 The vehicle-road cooperative charging system mainly consists of two parts:

[0037] A piezoelectric road structure consists of a concrete matrix 4 with randomly distributed piezoelectric smart aggregates 3, and an onboard energy harvesting device 2 mounted on a car 1. When the car 1, equipped with the onboard energy harvesting device 2, travels on a road paved with the piezoelectric aggregate structure, the two generate energy coupling through contactless electromagnetic induction, enabling dynamic charging of the vehicle.

[0038] The above application examples are further described in detail below.

[0039] See Figure 2 The core energy generation unit of this embodiment is a specially designed piezoelectric intelligent aggregate 3. Figure 2 As shown, the piezoelectric core preferably utilizes a piezoelectric ceramic sheet 6 with a high piezoelectric coefficient, such as lead zirconate titanate (PZT) ceramic, with positive and negative electrodes 5 and 7 provided on its upper and lower surfaces. The piezoelectric core is designed to be a flat disc with a diameter of 20 mm and a thickness of 3 mm. This shape facilitates the horizontal orientation of the aggregate in the concrete slurry due to gravity, thereby maximizing the probability that the main axis of its piezoelectric response is perpendicular to the road surface.

[0040] On the surface of each piezoelectric smart aggregate 3, a full-wave bridge micro-rectifier circuit 8 is integrated using thin-film or microelectronic packaging technology. This circuit, comprised of four micro Schottky diodes, converts the original AC pulses generated by the piezoelectric core due to compression and decompression into unidirectional DC pulses locally within the aggregate as soon as the piezoelectric effect occurs.

[0041] In road construction, the piezoelectric smart aggregate 3 is used as part of the coarse aggregate and mixed with cement, sand, water, and other conventional coarse aggregates in a predetermined ratio to produce special piezoelectric concrete. For example, the piezoelectric smart aggregate 3 can replace 10%-15% of the volume of conventional coarse aggregate.

[0042] The specific implementation of the vehicle-mounted energy harvesting device 2 includes:

[0043] In order to ensure the induction efficiency and the stability of the system, the induction coil module 11 is installed on the chassis of the vehicle. Because the distance between this component and the road surface is relatively stable, it can ensure that the coil always operates within the optimal induction distance.

[0044] To efficiently capture the horizontal vortex magnetic field generated by the vertical net current, the inductor coil in this embodiment utilizes a transverse solenoid array structure. The coil body is preferably wound with Litz wire, woven from hundreds of strands of extremely fine enameled wire, to minimize skin and proximity effect losses under high-frequency AC. The entire coil module utilizes a soft ferrite flat plate as its core and base, concentrating and enhancing the magnetic field.

[0045] The entire inductor coil and ferrite core module is placed in a high-strength, non-metallic casing and is potted with epoxy resin to ensure it is fully waterproof, dustproof, corrosion-resistant and resistant to mechanical shock.

[0046] See Figure 3The power collection circuit is encapsulated in an independent circuit box and installed on the vehicle chassis, forming the core of the on-board energy harvesting device 2. It contains the following functional modules in the order of energy flow, which are used to process the current generated by the magnetic field 12 generated by the piezoelectric smart aggregate induced by the inductor module 11:

[0047] (1) Rectifier module 9: The current induced by the inductor is still of high-frequency AC nature. It first enters the full-wave bridge rectifier circuit composed of Schottky diodes and is converted into pulsed DC with high efficiency and low loss.

[0048] (2) Power management module 10: This module uses an advanced buck-boost DC-DC converter with a maximum power point tracking (MPPT) algorithm. This converter continuously monitors the voltage of the supercapacitor and adjusts its operating state in real time. It then converts this energy into a stable voltage and current (e.g., 14.4V) that complies with the on-board battery charging protocol, ultimately charging the vehicle's storage battery or power battery pack.

[0049] In combination with the above structure, the complete workflow of the present invention is as follows:

[0050] S1. When a vehicle is driving, its tires roll over the road surface paved with the piezoelectric aggregate road structure, exerting a fast-moving pressure on the road surface.

[0051] S2. Each piezoelectric smart aggregate 3 within the action range of the pressure wave has its internal piezoelectric core compressed and decompressed, generating a weak original alternating current pulse.

[0052] S3. The AC pulse is instantly converted into a unidirectional DC pulse by the micro rectifier circuit 8 integrated on the aggregate.

[0053] S4. In the macroscopic area below the wheel, the unidirectional DC pulses generated by billions of aggregates are superimposed in the same direction, forming a powerful macroscopic current pulse with a net direction perpendicular to the road surface.

[0054] S5. According to Ampere's law, the vertical current pulse excites an instantaneously changing, horizontally rotating magnetic field vortex in the surrounding space.

[0055] S6. When the vehicle's inductor coil module 11 passes over the magnetic field vortex, its special configuration efficiently captures the changing magnetic flux, induces voltage and current at both ends of the coil, and effectively avoids magnetic flux cancellation.

[0056] S7 . The induced current is transmitted to the power collection circuit of the on-board energy collection device 2 .

[0057] In the circuit, the current passes through high-speed rectification, supercapacitor buffering and intelligent power management in sequence, and is finally converted into stable and usable electrical energy to continuously charge the vehicle battery.

[0058] The above description is only a preferred specific embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of protection of the present invention is not limited thereto. Any technician familiar with the technical field, within the technical scope disclosed by the present invention, who makes equivalent replacements or changes based on the technical solution and inventive concept of the present invention, should be covered by the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. The vehicle-road cooperative charging system based on piezoelectric aggregate and wireless induction is characterized by: The system comprises: Piezoelectric elements, randomly distributed in the road structure and mixed with the concrete, are used to generate a changing magnetic field when the road structure is subjected to vehicle loads; The vehicle-mounted energy harvesting device includes an inductor coil and a power collection circuit; the inductor coil is used to sense the changing magnetic field generated by the piezoelectric unit when the vehicle travels on the road structure, thereby generating an induced current in the coil; the power collection circuit is used to collect the electrical energy generated by the induced current.

2. The system according to claim 1, wherein: The piezoelectric unit is a smart aggregate, which includes a piezoelectric core and a micro-rectifier circuit integrated on / inside the piezoelectric core. The micro-rectifier circuit is used to convert the alternating current pulses generated by the piezoelectric core into direct current pulses.

3. The system according to claim 1, wherein: The induction coil is mounted on a non-rotating component of a vehicle, and the non-rotating component includes a chassis of the vehicle or a bridge tube of a non-independent suspension.

4. The system according to claim 1, wherein: The power collection circuit includes a rectifier module for converting the induced current from AC to DC, and the rectifier module uses a Schottky diode.

5. The system according to claim 4, characterized in that The power collection circuit further includes an energy storage buffer module connected to the output end of the rectifier module. The energy storage buffer module uses a supercapacitor to quickly absorb and store electric energy pulses from the rectifier module.

6. The system according to claim 5, characterized in that The power collection circuit further includes a power management module connected to the output end of the energy storage buffer module, and the power management module includes a DC-DC converter with a maximum power point tracking function.

7. A vehicle-road cooperative charging method implemented based on the system according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: S1, applying a load to a road structure with a plurality of randomly distributed piezoelectric units by driving a vehicle; S2, generating a changing magnetic field around the road structure using a piezoelectric unit in response to the load applied in S1; S3. Using an inductor coil mounted on the vehicle, non-contactly inducing the generated changing magnetic field to generate an induced current in the coil; S4. Utilize an electric power collection circuit connected to the inductor coil to collect and store the electric energy generated by the induced current.

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