Cooling system and cooling method of fuel cell ship

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of fuel cells, and discloses a cooling system and a cooling method of a fuel cell ship, and the cooling system comprises a fuel cell medium loop, and a heat exchange medium in the fuel cell medium loop sequentially and circularly flows through a fuel cell, a hot side flow channel of a heat exchanger and a first water pump and then returns to the fuel cell; seawater in the seawater cooling loop flows in from an inlet of the sea communication device, then sequentially flows through a second water pump and a cold side flow channel of the heat exchanger and flows out from an outlet of the sea communication device; a hot side flow channel and a cold side flow channel of the heat exchanger are subjected to heat exchange; the fuel cell control unit is in signal connection with the first water pump and the second water pump and controls the first water pump and the second water pump, and the fuel cell control unit obtains the power of the power utilization system where the fuel cell is located in real time and dynamically adjusts the rotating speed of the second water pump. According to the cooling system and the cooling method, the seawater cooling loop is additionally arranged, and the seawater flow speed is dynamically adjusted to meet the variable heat dissipation requirement of the power utilization system where the fuel cell is located.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of fuel cell, in particular to a cooling system and a cooling method of a fuel cell ship. BACKGROUND

[0002] At present, as a leading technology in the field of new energy ships, fuel cell ships are gradually moving from the laboratory to commercial applications. The core advantage of fuel cell ships is low noise and high energy efficiency, which meets the global decarbonization goal of the shipping industry. Fuel cells convert chemical energy directly into electrical energy through electrochemical reactions, and the core components include proton exchange membranes, catalysts, bipolar plates, etc. In addition, fuel cell ships also need to be cooled during use. If air cooling is used, high-power fans and large-size air ducts are needed, which will increase the space requirements and design difficulty of ship design, and the effect will be greatly discounted.

[0003] In related technologies, the traditional cooling scheme generally adopts a fluid medium cooling technical scheme to achieve heat dissipation of the fuel cell of the fuel cell ship, and often needs to add a water chiller and configure fluid medium as a cooling liquid (such as a glycol mixed solution).

[0004] However, the traditional cooling scheme does not fully utilize the low-temperature seawater of the marine environment, and does not consider that the heat dissipation demand of the fuel cell system changes with the change of the system power, resulting in either insufficient cooling or excessive cooling. SUMMARY

[0005] The present application provides a cooling system and a cooling method of a fuel cell ship, which adds a seawater cooling loop and dynamically adjusts the speed of a second water pump of the seawater cooling loop to meet the heat dissipation demand of a power system where the fuel cell is located.

[0006] In a first aspect, the embodiments of the present application provide a cooling system of a fuel cell ship, comprising: a fuel cell medium loop, in which a heat exchange medium circulates through the fuel cell, a hot side flow channel of a heat exchanger, a first water pump, and then returns to the fuel cell in sequence; a seawater cooling loop, in which seawater flows from an inlet of a seawater passage device, then flows through a second water pump and a cold side flow channel of the heat exchanger in sequence, and then flows out from an outlet of the seawater passage device; the hot side flow channel and the cold side flow channel of the heat exchanger perform heat exchange; a fuel cell control unit, which is signal connected to and controls the first water pump and the second water pump, and dynamically adjusts the speed of the second water pump according to the power of the power system where the fuel cell is located.

[0007] In combination with the first aspect, in an embodiment, a pressure transmitter is further arranged in the pipeline of the fuel cell medium loop, and the fuel cell control unit is configured to acquire pressure data from the pressure transmitter and flow rate data of the heat exchange medium from the first water pump; The fuel cell control unit is configured to adjust the rotation speed of the second water pump according to the power of the power system in which the fuel cell is arranged during a period of starting the fuel cell and a period of shutting down the fuel cell, and control the rotation speed of the second water pump according to the pressure data and the flow rate data of the heat exchange medium during the remaining period.

[0008] In combination with the first aspect, in an embodiment, the cooling system further comprises a fluid medium cooling loop, and the fluid medium cooling loop comprises a water chiller, which is signal-connected to the fuel cell control unit. After the power system in which the fuel cell is arranged is started, the seawater cooling loop is started first to perform cooling, and when the rotation speed of the second water pump of the seawater cooling loop reaches a set rotation speed threshold during a dynamic adjustment process, the second water pump keeps the set rotation speed threshold unchanged, and the fluid medium cooling loop is started.

[0009] In combination with the first aspect, in an embodiment, the fuel cell working loop further comprises a fuel-PTC for assisting the power system in which the fuel cell is arranged to start, an inlet of the fuel-PTC is communicated with an outlet of the heat exchange medium of the fuel cell, and an outlet of the fuel-PTC is communicated with an inlet of the heat exchange medium of the fuel cell through the first water pump; when the heat exchange medium in the fuel cell medium loop is heated to a set starting temperature, the fuel cell starts to work.

[0010] In combination with the first aspect, in an embodiment, the seawater cooling loop further comprises a shut-off valve for opening and cutting off, and the fuel cell control unit is signal-connected to and controls the shut-off valve; the shut-off valve is opened after the fuel cell is started; the seawater cooling loop further comprises a filter, and the filter is arranged after an inlet of a seawater passage.

[0011] In combination with the first aspect, in an embodiment, the seawater cooling loop further comprises an ER probe for monitoring corrosion, a probe of the ER probe is arranged in a cold side flow channel of a heat exchanger; the ER probe is signal-connected to the fuel cell control unit; when the fuel cell control unit acquires a set change amount of resistance change through the ER probe, a maintenance reminder of the heat exchanger is sent.

[0012] In combination with the first aspect, in an embodiment, the fuel cell control unit previously calibrates a rotation speed range of the second water pump according to the power of the power system in which the fuel cell is arranged; The fuel cell control unit monitors the rotational speed of the second water pump in real time. The fuel cell control unit is used to obtain the actual rotational speed of the second water pump under the current power of the power system where the fuel cell is located. When the actual rotational speed exceeds the calibrated speed range, it is determined that the seawater circulation loop is operating abnormally and a maintenance reminder is issued.

[0013] In a second aspect, an embodiment of the present application provides a cooling method based on the cooling system of the fuel cell ship, comprising the steps of: Start the power system where the fuel cell is located; The first water pump of the fuel cell medium circuit is started, and the heat exchange medium flows through the fuel cell, the hot-side flow channel of the heat exchanger, the first water pump, and then returns to the fuel cell. At the same time, the second water pump of the seawater cooling circuit is started, and the seawater cooling circuit draws seawater from the inlet of the sea access device and discharges seawater from the outlet of the sea access device. The seawater flows through the cold-side flow channel of the heat exchanger and exchanges heat with the hot-side flow channel of the heat exchanger. When the fuel cell control unit detects that the power of the power system where the fuel cell is located increases or decreases, the speed of the second water pump is dynamically adjusted to increase or decrease accordingly.

[0014] In conjunction with the second aspect, in one embodiment, a pressure transmitter is further provided in the pipeline of the fuel cell medium circuit, and the fuel cell control unit is used to obtain pressure data from the pressure transmitter and obtain heat exchange medium flow rate data from the first water pump; When the fuel cell control unit detects that the power of the power system where the fuel cell is located increases or decreases, dynamically adjusting the speed of the second water pump to increase or decrease accordingly, further comprising: The fuel cell control unit is used to adjust the speed of the second water pump according to the power of the power system in which the fuel cell is located during a period of time when the fuel cell is started and a period of time when the fuel cell is shut down; in the remaining time period, the speed of the second water pump is controlled according to the pressure data and the heat exchange medium flow rate data.

[0015] In conjunction with the second aspect, in one embodiment, the seawater cooling circuit is further provided with an ER probe for monitoring corrosion, wherein the probe of the ER probe is provided in the cold side flow channel of the heat exchanger; the ER probe signal is connected to the fuel cell control unit; The fuel cell control unit calibrates the speed range of the second water pump in advance according to the power of the power system where the fuel cell is located; the fuel cell control unit monitors the speed of the second water pump in real time; The dynamically adjusting the speed of the second water pump to increase or decrease accordingly also includes: When the resistance change obtained by the ER probe reaches the set change, the fuel cell control unit issues a heat exchanger maintenance reminder; at the same time, the fuel cell control unit is used to obtain the actual measured speed of the second water pump under the current power of the power system where the fuel cell is located, and when the measured speed exceeds the calibrated speed range, it is determined that the seawater circulation loop is operating abnormally and a maintenance reminder is issued.

[0016] The beneficial effects of the technical solutions provided in the embodiments of the present application include at least: 1. In the cooling system and cooling method of the fuel cell ship of the present application, the heat exchange medium in the fuel cell medium circuit passes through the hot side flow channel of the heat exchanger and exchanges heat with the seawater in the seawater cooling circuit through the cold side flow channel of the heat exchanger, thereby achieving the purpose of cooling the fuel cell through seawater; more importantly, the fuel cell control unit obtains the power of the power system where the fuel cell is located in real time and dynamically adjusts the speed of the second water pump. The greater the power, the higher the speed, achieving the purpose of proper heat dissipation, improving the heat dissipation efficiency of the fuel cell ship, thereby reducing overall power consumption, and solving the problem of insufficient cooling or excessive cooling of traditional cooling solutions.

[0017] 2. The cooling system and cooling method of the fuel cell ship of the present application not only adopt a single-layer adjustment mode, that is, the speed of the second water pump is adjusted according to the power of the power system where the fuel cell is located throughout the process; it can also adopt a double-layer adjustment mode, in which the speed of the second water pump is adjusted according to the power of the power system where the fuel cell is located for a period of time when the fuel cell is started and a period of time when the fuel cell is shut down; in the remaining time period, the speed of the second water pump is adjusted according to the pressure data and the heat exchange medium flow rate data. The first-layer adjustment is based on the power of the fuel cell system, and the speed of the second water pump is relatively macro and general. The second-layer adjustment is based on the actual state of the cooling medium, and has a stronger correlation with the speed of the second water pump. However, the second-layer adjustment fluctuates too much when it is turned on and off, so the first-layer adjustment is adopted when it is turned on and off. The double-layer adjustment can make the speed of the second water pump just and more accurately meet the heat dissipation requirements of the fuel cell, thereby improving the heat dissipation efficiency of the fuel cell ship and reducing the overall power consumption while meeting the heat dissipation requirements.

[0018] 3. The cooling system and cooling method of the fuel cell ship of the present application also add a redundant fluid medium cooling circuit. When the speed of the second water pump in the seawater cooling circuit reaches the set speed threshold during dynamic adjustment, the second water pump maintains the set speed threshold unchanged and starts the fluid medium cooling circuit, which can enhance the overall heat dissipation capacity and take over all heat dissipation needs when a failure occurs in the seawater cooling circuit, thereby enhancing the heat dissipation performance.

[0019] 4. The cooling system and cooling method of the fuel cell ship of the present application, the probe of the ER probe is set in the cold side flow channel of the heat exchanger to monitor the corrosion situation, and the fuel cell control unit obtains the resistance value of the ER probe in real time. When the resistance change of the ER probe reaches the set change, it means that it has been corroded to a certain extent. When the fuel cell control unit issues a heat exchanger maintenance reminder, the heat exchanger has been corroded by seawater and the heat exchange efficiency has been reduced, reminding the maintenance personnel to maintain the heat exchanger to ensure the normal operation of the seawater circulation loop, thereby ensuring the safe and stable operation of the fuel cell ship. The cooling system of the fuel cell ship of the present application, based on the direct use of seawater for cooling, the ER probe monitors the corrosion of seawater cooling, thereby ensuring the overall operation safety.

[0020] 5. The cooling system and cooling method of the fuel cell ship of the present application perform dual abnormality monitoring. The first layer of abnormality monitoring uses an ER probe. When the resistance change of the ER probe reaches a set change, it means that it has been corroded to a certain extent, and the fuel cell control unit issues a maintenance reminder; the second layer of abnormality monitoring obtains the actual speed of the second water pump under the current power of the power system where the fuel cell is located. If the measured speed exceeds the calibrated speed range, it is determined that the seawater circulation loop is operating abnormally and a maintenance reminder is issued; the first layer of abnormality monitoring mainly monitors abnormalities of the heat exchanger, and the second layer of abnormality monitoring can be used to monitor abnormalities of the entire seawater cooling loop (including the second water pump and pipeline); dual abnormality monitoring is carried out simultaneously. If any abnormality monitoring issues a maintenance reminder, the seawater cooling loop needs to be repaired. The combination of the two can ensure that the seawater cooling loop always operates safely and reliably. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0021] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application, the following briefly introduces the drawings required for use in the description of the embodiments. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present application. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without any creative work.

[0022] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of a cooling system provided in an embodiment of the present application; Figure 2 A graph showing the system power and heat dissipation requirements of the power system in which the fuel cell provided in the embodiment of the present application is located; In the figure: 1. Fuel cell; 2. First water pump; 3. PTC; 4. Pressure transmitter; 5. Fluid medium cooling circuit; 6. Fuel cell control unit; 7. Heat exchanger; 100. Sea access device inlet; 101. Stop valve; 102. Second water pump; 103. ER probe; 104. Sea access device outlet; 105. Filter. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0023] In order to enable those skilled in the art to better understand the present invention, the following will clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of this application.

[0024] The present application provides a cooling system and cooling method for a fuel cell ship, which adds a seawater cooling circuit and dynamically adjusts the speed of the second water pump in the seawater cooling circuit to meet the changing heat dissipation requirements of the power system where the fuel cell is located. The cooling is appropriate, solving the problem of insufficient cooling or excessive cooling in traditional cooling solutions.

[0025] First, as Figure 1 As shown, the present application discloses a cooling system for a fuel cell ship, the cooling system includes a fuel cell medium circuit, a seawater cooling circuit and a fuel cell control unit 6. Specifically, Figure 1 The FCCU (Fuel Cell Control Unit) in FIG. 6 represents the fuel cell control unit 6 .

[0026] The heat exchange medium in the fuel cell medium loop circulates sequentially through the fuel cell 1 , the hot side flow channel of the heat exchanger 7 , the first water pump 2 and then returns to the fuel cell 1 .

[0027] Seawater in the seawater cooling circuit flows through the seawater inlet 100, then flows sequentially through the second water pump 102 and the cold-side flow channel of the heat exchanger 7, before exiting through the seawater outlet 104. Specifically, the heat exchanger 7 internally contains hot-side and cold-side flow channels, which exchange heat independently with each other. The hot-side and cold-side flow channels of the heat exchanger 7 exchange heat.

[0028] The fuel cell control unit 6 is connected to and controls the first water pump 2 and the second water pump 102. The fuel cell control unit 6 obtains the power of the power system where the fuel cell 1 is located in real time and dynamically adjusts the speed of the second water pump 102. Specifically, when the power of the power system where the fuel cell 1 is located (i.e., the fuel cell system) is large, the heat dissipation demand is higher (see Figure 2 ), at this time, the power of the second water pump 102 is greater, and the seawater flows through the cold side flow channel of the heat exchanger 7 faster, taking away more heat from the hot side flow channel of the heat exchanger 7.

[0029] Specifically, the relationship between the power of the power system where the fuel cell 1 is located and the rotation speed of the second water pump 102 is calibrated in advance.

[0030] In this embodiment, during all time periods, the fuel cell control unit 6 obtains the power of the power system where the fuel cell 1 is located in real time, and dynamically adjusts the rotation speed of the second water pump 102 .

[0031] A fuel cell system consists of a fuel cell plus various electrical devices.

[0032] In the cooling system of the fuel cell ship of the present application, the heat exchange medium in the fuel cell medium circuit passes through the hot side flow channel of the heat exchanger 7, and exchanges heat with the seawater in the seawater cooling circuit through the cold side flow channel of the heat exchanger 7, thereby achieving the purpose of cooling the fuel cell 1 through seawater; more importantly, the fuel cell control unit 6 obtains the power of the power system where the fuel cell 1 is located in real time, and dynamically adjusts the speed of the second water pump 102. The greater the power, the higher the speed, thereby achieving the purpose of proper heat dissipation, improving the heat dissipation efficiency of the fuel cell ship, thereby reducing overall power consumption, and solving the problem of insufficient cooling or excessive cooling in traditional cooling solutions.

[0033] Furthermore, in one embodiment, a pressure transmitter 4 is provided in the fuel cell medium circuit piping. The fuel cell control unit 6 is configured to obtain pressure data from the pressure transmitter 4 and heat exchange medium flow rate data from the first water pump 2. The faster the speed of the first water pump 2, the greater the heat exchange medium flow rate data. The relationship between the two is known.

[0034] The fuel cell control unit 6 is used to adjust the speed of the second water pump 102 according to the power of the power system in which the fuel cell 1 is located during a period of time when the fuel cell 1 is started and a period of time when the fuel cell 1 is shut down. In the remaining time periods, the speed of the second water pump 102 is controlled according to the pressure data and the heat exchange medium flow rate data.

[0035] Specifically, the faster the cooling medium in the fuel cell medium circuit flows in the pipeline, the smaller the pressure will be. This law is based on the basic principles of fluid mechanics, especially the Bernoulli principle and the continuity equation, combined with the analysis of friction losses in actual fluids.

[0036] Specifically, when the flow rate data of the heat exchange medium is constant, the greater the pressure data, the higher the temperature; the higher the temperature, the greater the heat dissipation demand, and thus the greater the rotation speed of the second water pump 102.

[0037] Specifically, dynamically adjusting the speed of the second water pump 102 according to the power of the power system where the fuel cell 1 is located belongs to the first level of regulation. Controlling the speed of the second water pump 102 according to pressure data and heat exchange medium flow rate data belongs to the second level of regulation.

[0038] Specifically, the relationship between the pressure data, the heat exchange medium flow rate data and the rotation speed of the second water pump 102 is calibrated in advance.

[0039] Specifically, the fuel cell 1 is started for a period of time that is set in advance, and the fuel cell 1 is shut down for a period of time that is set in advance.

[0040] The cooling system of the fuel cell ship of the present application not only adopts a single-layer adjustment mode, that is, the speed of the second water pump 102 is adjusted according to the power of the power system where the fuel cell 1 is located throughout the process; it can also adopt a double-layer adjustment mode, in which the speed of the second water pump 102 is adjusted according to the power of the power system where the fuel cell 1 is located for a period of time when the fuel cell 1 is started and when the fuel cell 1 is shut down; in the remaining time period, the speed of the second water pump 102 is adjusted according to the pressure data and the heat exchange medium flow rate data. The first-layer adjustment is based on the power of the fuel cell system, and the speed of the second water pump 102 is relatively macro and general. The second-layer adjustment is based on the actual state of the cooling medium and has a stronger correlation with the speed of the second water pump 102. However, the second-layer adjustment fluctuates too much when it is turned on and off, so the first-layer adjustment is adopted when it is turned on and off. The double-layer adjustment can make the speed of the second water pump 102 just and more accurately meet the heat dissipation requirements of the fuel cell 1, thereby improving the heat dissipation efficiency of the fuel cell ship and reducing the overall power consumption while meeting the heat dissipation requirements.

[0041] In other embodiments, the fuel cell control unit 6 may be configured to adjust the speed of the second water pump 102 based on the power of the power system in which the fuel cell 1 is located, during a period of time when the fuel cell 1 is started and a period of time when the fuel cell 1 is shut down. During the remaining time periods, the speed of the second water pump 102 is controlled based on the power, pressure data, and heat exchange medium flow rate data of the power system in which the fuel cell 1 is located. Specifically, the speed of one second water pump 102 is determined based on the power of the power system in which the fuel cell 1 is located, while the speed of the other second water pump 102 is determined based on the pressure data and heat exchange medium flow rate data. The speed of the two second water pumps 102 is then averaged to obtain the speed of the second water pump 102.

[0042] Preferably, two pressure transmitters 4 are further provided in the pipeline of the fuel cell medium circuit, wherein one pressure transmitter 4 is provided at the inlet of the heat exchange medium of the fuel cell 1, and the other pressure transmitter 4 is provided at the outlet of the heat exchange medium of the fuel cell 1; The fuel cell control unit 6 obtains pressure data from the pressure transmitters 4 and adopts the average value of the two pressure transmitters 4 , so the pressure data is more accurate.

[0043] Furthermore, in one embodiment, the cooling system further comprises a fluid medium cooling circuit 5 , the fluid medium cooling circuit 5 comprises a chiller, and the chiller is signal-connected to the fuel cell control unit 6 ; After the power system where the fuel cell 1 is located is started, the seawater cooling circuit is first started for cooling. When the speed of the second water pump 102 of the seawater cooling circuit reaches a set speed threshold during dynamic adjustment, the second water pump 102 maintains the set speed threshold unchanged and the fluid medium cooling circuit 5 is started.

[0044] Specifically, when the speed of the second water pump 102 in the seawater cooling circuit reaches a set speed threshold during dynamic adjustment, the second water pump 102 maintains the set speed threshold unchanged. If the heat dissipation demand continues to increase, the fuel cell control unit 6 controls the power of the chiller to increase.

[0045] The cooling system of the fuel cell ship of the present application also adds a redundant fluid medium cooling circuit 5. When the speed of the second water pump 102 of the seawater cooling circuit reaches a set speed threshold during dynamic adjustment, the second water pump 102 maintains the set speed threshold unchanged and starts the fluid medium cooling circuit 5, which can enhance the overall heat dissipation capacity and take over all heat dissipation needs when a failure occurs in the seawater cooling circuit, thereby enhancing the heat dissipation performance.

[0046] Furthermore, in one embodiment, the fuel cell working circuit also includes a fuel cell PTC 3 for assisting in starting the power system in which the fuel cell 1 is located. The inlet of the fuel cell PTC 3 is connected to the outlet of the heat exchange medium of the fuel cell 1, and the outlet of the fuel cell PTC 3 is connected to the inlet of the heat exchange medium of the fuel cell 1 through the first water pump 2.

[0047] like Figure 1 In the embodiment, the fuel cell PTC 3 and the heat exchanger 7 are connected in parallel to the fuel cell 1 .

[0048] When the heat exchange medium in the fuel cell medium circuit is heated to a set start-up temperature, the power system where the fuel cell 1 is located starts to operate.

[0049] Specifically, when the fuel cell PTC 3 is heated, the first water pump 2 is also started to circulate the heat exchange medium and heat the fuel cell 1 .

[0050] Furthermore, in one embodiment, the seawater cooling circuit is further provided with a shut-off valve 101 for opening and shutting off. The fuel cell control unit 6 is connected to and controls the shut-off valve 101 via a signal. The shut-off valve 101 is opened after the fuel cell 1 is started.

[0051] The seawater cooling circuit is further provided with a filter 105, which is arranged after the sea access device inlet 100. After the seawater flows in through the sea access device inlet 100, it is filtered by the filter 105 and reaches the heat exchanger. The filter 105 can reduce impurities and improve the cooling effect.

[0052] Further, in an embodiment, the seawater cooling loop is also provided with an ER probe 103 for monitoring the degree of corrosion, the probe of the ER probe 103 is arranged in the cold side flow channel of the heat exchanger 7 for monitoring the corrosion of the seawater to the cold side flow channel of the heat exchanger 7.

[0053] The ER probe 103 is signal connected to the fuel cell control unit 6.

[0054] When the fuel cell control unit 6 obtains that the resistance change amount of the ER probe 103 reaches a set change amount, the heat exchanger 7 replacement reminder is sent.

[0055] Specifically, seawater can cause uniform corrosion and local corrosion such as pitting and crevice corrosion of metal.

[0056] Specifically, the ER probe 103 (Electrical Resistance Probe) is a device for monitoring the corrosion rate by measuring the resistance change of a metal sample in a corrosion environment, and its core is a metal sensing element. When the metal is thinned due to corrosion, the resistance will increase, and the corrosion rate can be calculated by measuring the resistance change. In the seawater-cooled heat exchanger system, it can monitor the uniform corrosion of the tube bundle or shell in real time, and provide key data for the optimization of corrosion prevention measures and equipment maintenance.

[0057] The core component of the ER probe is a metal test piece made of the same material as the monitored equipment. When the test piece is exposed to a corrosive environment, the surface area decreases due to corrosion. According to the resistance law R=ρ×(L / S), the decrease of the cross-sectional area S will cause the increase of the resistance R.

[0058] Preferably, the heat exchanger 7 and the surrounding pipeline are made of copper-nickel alloy (such as C70600), which is the best choice to meet the high thermal conductivity and seawater corrosion resistance. Its corrosion resistance is significantly improved by the addition of nickel, and it is widely used in marine engineering, heat exchangers and pipeline systems.

[0059] The cooling system of the fuel cell ship of the present application, the probe of the ER probe 103 is arranged in the cold side flow channel of the heat exchanger 7 to monitor the corrosion condition, the fuel cell control unit 6 obtains the resistance value of the ER probe 103 in real time, when the resistance change amount of the ER probe 103 reaches a set change amount, that is, it has been corroded to a certain degree, when the fuel cell control unit 6 sends the heat exchanger 7 maintenance reminder, at this time the heat exchanger 7 has been corroded by seawater and the heat exchange efficiency has been reduced, prompting the maintenance personnel to maintain the heat exchanger, ensuring the normal operation of the seawater circulation loop, thereby ensuring the safe and stable operation of the fuel cell ship. The cooling system of the fuel cell ship of the present application is based on direct seawater cooling, and the ER probe 103 monitors the corrosion of seawater cooling, thereby ensuring the overall operation safety.

[0060] Further, in an embodiment of the scenario of seawater cooling only, the fuel cell control unit 6 pre-sets a speed range of the second water pump 102 according to the power of the power system in which the fuel cell 1 is located.

[0061] The fuel cell control unit 6 monitors the speed of the second water pump 102 in real time, obtains the measured speed of the second water pump 102 under the current power of the power system in which the fuel cell 1 is located, and if the measured speed exceeds the preset speed range, determines that the seawater circulation loop is abnormal, and issues a maintenance reminder.

[0062] Specifically, the power of the power system in which one fuel cell 1 is located corresponds to the power of the power system in which one fuel cell 1 is located under normal working condition.

[0063] For example, when the power of the power system in which the fuel cell 1 is located is P1, the normal working speed range of the second water pump 102 is r1*Kmin≤r1≤r1*Kmax, Kmin and Kmax are the minimum and maximum expansion coefficients; when the real-time obtained speed of the second water pump 2 is greater than r1*Kmax or less than r1*Kmin, it is determined that the seawater circulation loop is abnormal, and the fuel cell control unit 6 issues a maintenance reminder.

[0064] The cooling system of the fuel cell ship of the present application performs double abnormality monitoring, the first layer of abnormality monitoring uses the ER probe 103, when the resistance change amount of the ER probe 103 reaches the set change amount, it represents that it has been corroded to a certain extent, and the fuel cell control unit 6 issues a maintenance reminder; the second layer of abnormality monitoring obtains the measured speed of the second water pump 102 under the current power of the power system in which the fuel cell 1 is located, and if the measured speed exceeds the preset speed range, it is determined that the seawater circulation loop is abnormal, and a maintenance reminder is issued; the first layer of abnormality monitoring mainly monitors the abnormality of the heat exchanger, and the second layer of abnormality monitoring can be used to monitor the abnormality of the entire seawater cooling loop including the second water pump and the pipeline; the double abnormality monitoring is performed simultaneously, and a maintenance reminder is issued by any abnormality monitoring, which requires maintenance of the seawater cooling loop, and the cooperation of the two can ensure that the seawater cooling loop always operates safely and reliably.

[0065] In a second aspect, the present application also discloses a cooling method based on the above-mentioned cooling system of the fuel cell ship, comprising the steps of: Starting the power system in which the fuel cell 1 is located; Starting the first water pump 2 of the fuel cell medium loop, and the heat exchange medium flows through the fuel cell 1, the hot side flow channel of the heat exchanger 7, the first water pump 2 and returns to the fuel cell 1; at the same time, starting the second water pump 102 of the seawater cooling loop, the seawater cooling loop sucks seawater from the seawater inlet device 100 and discharges seawater from the seawater outlet device 104, and the seawater flows through the cold side flow channel of the heat exchanger 7 and the hot side flow channel of the heat exchanger 7 for heat exchange; When the fuel cell control unit 6 detects that the power of the power system where the fuel cell 1 is located increases or decreases, the rotation speed of the second water pump 102 is dynamically adjusted to increase or decrease accordingly.

[0066] Regarding the cooling method, in one embodiment, a pressure transmitter 4 is further provided in the fuel cell medium circuit piping. The fuel cell control unit 6 is configured to obtain pressure data from the pressure transmitter 4 and heat exchange medium flow rate data from the first water pump 2. The faster the speed of the first water pump 2, the greater the heat exchange medium flow rate data. The relationship between the two is well known.

[0067] When the fuel cell control unit 6 detects that the power of the power system where the fuel cell 1 is located increases or decreases, the speed of the second water pump 102 is dynamically adjusted to increase or decrease accordingly, further comprising: The fuel cell control unit 6 is used to adjust the speed of the second water pump 102 according to the power of the power system in which the fuel cell 1 is located during a period of time when the fuel cell 1 is started and a period of time when the fuel cell 1 is shut down; in the remaining time periods, the speed of the second water pump 102 is controlled according to the pressure data and the heat exchange medium flow rate data.

[0068] Regarding the cooling method, in one embodiment, the seawater cooling circuit is further provided with an ER probe 103 for monitoring the degree of corrosion. The probe of ER probe 103 is disposed in the cold-side flow channel of heat exchanger 7 to monitor the corrosion of the cold-side flow channel of heat exchanger 7 by seawater. The signal of ER probe 103 is connected to the fuel cell control unit 6.

[0069] The fuel cell control unit 6 pre-calibrates the speed range of the second water pump 102 based on the power of the power system in which the fuel cell 1 resides. The fuel cell control unit 6 monitors the speed of the second water pump 102 in real time, obtaining the actual speed of the second water pump 102 at the current power of the power system in which the fuel cell 1 resides. If the actual speed exceeds the calibrated speed range, the seawater circulation loop is deemed to be operating abnormally and a maintenance reminder is issued. Specifically, the power of the power system in which a fuel cell 1 resides, during normal operation, corresponds to the power of the power system in which the fuel cell 1 resides. For example, when the power of the power system in which the fuel cell 1 resides is P1, the normal operating speed range of the second water pump 102 is r1*Kmin≤r1≤r1*Kmax, where Kmin and Kmax represent the minimum and maximum expansion factors, respectively. If the real-time speed of the second water pump 102 is greater than r1*Kmax or less than r1*Kmin, the seawater circulation loop is deemed to be operating abnormally and the fuel cell control unit 6 issues a maintenance reminder.

[0070] The corresponding dynamic adjustment of the speed of the second water pump 102 to increase or decrease also includes: When the resistance change obtained by the ER probe 103 reaches the set change, the fuel cell control unit 6 issues a maintenance reminder for the heat exchanger 7; at the same time, the fuel cell control unit 6 is used to obtain the actual measured speed of the second water pump 102 under the current power of the power system where the fuel cell 1 is located, and when the actual measured speed exceeds the calibrated speed range, it is determined that the seawater circulation loop is operating abnormally and a maintenance reminder is issued.

[0071] In the description of this application, it should be noted that the terms "upper" and "lower" and the like indicate orientations or positional relationships based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the accompanying drawings, and are only for the convenience of describing this application and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore cannot be understood as a limitation on this application. Unless otherwise clearly specified and limited, the terms "installed", "connected", and "connected" should be understood in a broad sense, for example, it can be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; it can be a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; it can be a direct connection, or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium, or it can be internal communication between two elements. For those of ordinary skill in the art, the specific meanings of the above terms in this application can be understood according to the specific circumstances.

[0072] It should be noted that, in this application, relational terms such as "first" and "second" are used only to distinguish one entity or operation from another entity or operation, and do not necessarily require or imply any actual relationship or order between these entities or operations. Moreover, the terms "include", "comprise" or any other variants thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, so that a process, method, article or device comprising a series of elements includes not only those elements, but also other elements not explicitly listed, or also includes elements inherent to such process, method, article or device. In the absence of further restrictions, an element defined by the sentence "comprising a ..." does not exclude the presence of other identical elements in the process, method, article or device comprising the element.

[0073] The foregoing is merely a list of specific embodiments of the present application, intended to enable those skilled in the art to understand or implement the present application. Various modifications to these embodiments will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art, and the general principles defined herein may be implemented in other embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of the present application. Therefore, the present application is not limited to the embodiments shown herein, but is intended to conform to the broadest scope consistent with the principles and novel features of the present application.

Claims

1. A cooling system for a fuel cell ship, characterized in that: Include: A fuel cell medium circuit, wherein the heat exchange medium circulates sequentially through the fuel cell (1), the hot side flow channel of the heat exchanger (7), the first water pump (2), and then returns to the fuel cell (1); A seawater cooling circuit, wherein seawater flows in from the sea-connecting device inlet (100), then flows sequentially through the second water pump (102) and the cold-side flow channel of the heat exchanger (7), and flows out from the sea-connecting device outlet (104); the hot-side flow channel and the cold-side flow channel of the heat exchanger (7) perform heat exchange; A fuel cell control unit (6) whose signals are connected to and control the first water pump (2) and the second water pump (102), wherein the fuel cell control unit (6) obtains the power of the power system where the fuel cell (1) is located in real time and dynamically adjusts the rotation speed of the second water pump (102).

2. The cooling system for a fuel cell ship according to claim 1, characterized in that: A pressure transmitter (4) is also provided in the pipeline of the fuel cell medium circuit, and the fuel cell control unit (6) is used to obtain pressure data from the pressure transmitter (4) and obtain heat exchange medium flow rate data from the first water pump (2); The fuel cell control unit (6) is used to adjust the rotation speed of the second water pump (102) according to the power of the power system in which the fuel cell (1) is located during a period of time when the fuel cell (1) is started and a period of time when the fuel cell (1) is shut down, and to control the rotation speed of the second water pump (102) according to pressure data and heat exchange medium flow rate data during the remaining time periods.

3. The cooling system for a fuel cell ship according to claim 1, wherein: The cooling system further comprises a fluid medium cooling circuit (5), wherein the fluid medium cooling circuit (5) comprises a chiller, and the chiller is signal-connected to the fuel cell control unit (6); After the power system where the fuel cell (1) is located is started, the seawater cooling circuit is first started for cooling. When the speed of the second water pump (102) of the seawater cooling circuit reaches a set speed threshold during dynamic adjustment, the second water pump (102) maintains the set speed threshold unchanged and starts the fluid medium cooling circuit (5).

4. The cooling system for a fuel cell ship according to claim 1, wherein: The fuel cell working circuit further comprises a fuel-electric PTC (3) for assisting the start-up of the power system in which the fuel cell (1) is located, the inlet of the fuel-electric PTC (3) being connected to the outlet of the heat exchange medium of the fuel cell (1), and the outlet of the fuel-electric PTC (3) being connected to the inlet of the heat exchange medium of the fuel cell (1) via a first water pump (2); When the heat exchange medium in the fuel cell medium circuit is heated to a set start-up temperature, the fuel cell (1) starts to operate.

5. The cooling system for a fuel cell ship according to claim 1, wherein: The seawater cooling circuit is further provided with a stop valve (101) for opening and shutting off, and the fuel cell control unit (6) is signal-connected to and controls the stop valve (101); the stop valve (101) is opened after the fuel cell (1) is started; the seawater cooling circuit is further provided with a filter (105), and the filter (105) is arranged behind the inlet (100) of the sea access device.

6. The cooling system for a fuel cell ship according to claim 1, wherein: The seawater cooling circuit is further provided with an ER probe (103) for monitoring corrosion, wherein the probe of the ER probe (103) is arranged in the cold side flow channel of the heat exchanger (7); The ER probe (103) is connected to the fuel cell control unit (6) via a signal; when the resistance change amount obtained by the fuel cell control unit (6) through the ER probe (103) reaches a set change amount, a heat exchanger (7) maintenance reminder is issued.

7. The cooling system for a fuel cell ship according to claim 1, wherein: The fuel cell control unit (6) calibrates the speed range of the second water pump (102) in advance according to the power of the power system where the fuel cell (1) is located; The fuel cell control unit (6) monitors the rotation speed of the second water pump (102) in real time. The fuel cell control unit (6) is used to obtain the actual rotation speed of the second water pump (102) under the current power of the power system where the fuel cell (1) is located, and when the actual rotation speed exceeds the calibrated rotation speed range, it is determined that the seawater circulation circuit is operating abnormally and a maintenance reminder is issued.

8. A cooling method for the cooling system of the fuel cell ship according to claim 1, characterized in that: Contains steps: Starting the power system where the fuel cell (1) is located; The first water pump (2) of the fuel cell medium circuit is started, and the heat exchange medium flows through the fuel cell (1), the hot side flow channel of the heat exchanger (7), the first water pump (2), and then returns to the fuel cell (1); at the same time, the second water pump (102) of the seawater cooling circuit is started, and the seawater cooling circuit draws seawater from the sea access device inlet (100) and discharges seawater from the sea access device outlet (104), and the seawater flows through the cold side flow channel of the heat exchanger (7) and performs heat exchange with the hot side flow channel of the heat exchanger (7); When the fuel cell control unit (6) detects that the power of the power system where the fuel cell (1) is located increases or decreases, the speed of the second water pump (102) is dynamically adjusted accordingly to increase or decrease.

9. The cooling method according to claim 8, wherein: A pressure transmitter (4) is also provided in the pipeline of the fuel cell medium circuit, and the fuel cell control unit (6) is used to obtain pressure data from the pressure transmitter (4) and obtain heat exchange medium flow rate data from the first water pump (2); When the fuel cell control unit (6) detects that the power of the power system where the fuel cell (1) is located increases or decreases, the rotation speed of the second water pump (102) is dynamically adjusted to increase or decrease accordingly, further comprising: The fuel cell control unit (6) is used to adjust the rotation speed of the second water pump (102) according to the power of the power system in which the fuel cell (1) is located during a period of time when the fuel cell (1) is started and a period of time when the fuel cell (1) is shut down; and to control the rotation speed of the second water pump (102) according to pressure data and heat exchange medium flow rate data during the remaining time periods.

10. The cooling method according to claim 8, wherein: The seawater cooling circuit is further provided with an ER probe (103) for monitoring corrosion, wherein the probe of the ER probe (103) is provided in the cold side flow channel of the heat exchanger (7); the signal of the ER probe (103) is connected to the fuel cell control unit (6); The fuel cell control unit (6) pre-calibrates the speed range of the second water pump (102) according to the power of the power system in which the fuel cell (1) is located; the fuel cell control unit (6) monitors the speed of the second water pump (102) in real time; The corresponding dynamic adjustment of the second water pump (102) to increase or decrease the speed thereof also includes: The fuel cell control unit (6) issues a maintenance reminder for the heat exchanger (7) when the resistance change amount obtained by the ER probe (103) reaches a set change amount; at the same time, the fuel cell control unit (6) is used to obtain the actual measured speed of the second water pump (102) under the current power of the power system where the fuel cell (1) is located, and when the actual measured speed exceeds the calibrated speed range, it is determined that the seawater circulation circuit is operating abnormally and a maintenance reminder is issued.

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