Composite material for ecological restoration of high and steep rock slope

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of ecological restoration, and discloses a composite material for ecological restoration of a high and steep rock slope, comprising: an anchoring structure used for being implanted into a drill hole of the high and steep rock slope and forming a horizontal bearing platform with a fence on the slope surface; the supporting structure has water retention and soil fixation functions and is arranged on the horizontal bearing platform of the anchoring structure and located in the fence, and a plurality of planting areas are arranged on the face, away from the horizontal bearing platform, of the supporting structure; the planting substrates are arranged in the planting areas and used for planting vegetation. By adopting a prefabricated component design with a fixed form and specification and combining a matched anchoring system, the method has the remarkable advantages of high efficiency and convenience in construction, controllable cost and easiness in survival of plants, effectively overcomes the traditional defects of soil matrix loss, structural instability, low survival rate of vegetation and the like, and is suitable for large-scale popularization and application. The method can be widely applied to ecological restoration engineering of high and steep rock slopes of mines, highways, railways and the like.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of ecological restoration, in particular to a composite material for ecological restoration of high and steep rock slope. BACKGROUND

[0002] At present, the ecological restoration technologies for high and steep rock slope mainly include the following: soil spraying and seeding technology, planting bag technology, ecological bag technology, fish scale pit excavation technology, planting groove technology, three-dimensional vegetation net spraying and seeding technology, floating platform method, vegetation concrete ecological protection technology, slope drilling greening, blasting yun nest ecological reconstruction technology, and liana vertical greening technology. However, when applied to high and steep rock slope, these technologies generally have high cost in practical application and face the following key challenges.

[0003] 1) Poor stability of the matrix layer: the steep or even vertical slope surface makes it difficult for the traditional spraying matrix or filling soil to adhere, and it is easy to fall off and slip under the action of gravity and rainwater, so the restoration effect is difficult to last. 2) Difficulty in water retention: the rock slope itself has no water retention capacity, the spraying layer or planting bag matrix is thin and has a large exposed area, and water evaporation is extremely rapid in strong sunlight, high temperature and strong wind environment. The existing technology (such as adding water retaining agent) has limited effect and poor durability, which can easily lead to the death of plants due to drought. 3) Insufficient and loss of nutrients: artificially configured matrix nutrients are easily lost under rainwater leaching, and the slope lacks the ability to supplement nutrients through natural soil nutrient cycling, making it difficult to continuously ensure the nutrients required for long-term plant growth. 4) Insufficient anchoring reliability: the anchoring measures (such as simple soil nails and ordinary anchor rods) used in existing technologies to fix planting bags or matrixes are obviously insufficient in terms of tensile and shear resistance on high and steep slopes or even negative angle slopes, and are difficult to resist external forces such as strong winds, freeze-thaw, heavy rain and the like, and there is a risk of overall instability. 5) Limited plant growth space and root environment: the limited soil volume provided by thin layer matrix or small specification planting bag limits the growth and development of plant roots, affecting their long-term stress resistance and stability to the slope.

[0004] In summary, the existing ecological restoration technologies for high and steep rock slope are subject to key bottlenecks such as matrix stability, efficient water retention, continuous nutrient supply, reliable anchoring, and suitable plant growth space, and the restoration effect is often poor, with low vegetation survival rate, low coverage, and poor long-term stability, making it difficult to achieve the expected ecological restoration goal. Therefore, it is urgent to develop a new type of composite material and structure that can comprehensively solve the above problems and achieve effective, stable and long-term ecological restoration of high and steep rock slope. SUMMARY

[0005] In response to the key problems of existing ecological restoration technologies for steep rock slopes, such as poor matrix stability, difficulty in retaining moisture, easy nutrient loss, insufficient anchoring reliability, and limited plant growth space, the present invention provides a composite material for ecological restoration of steep rock slopes. Through its unique and innovative structural design, it effectively solves the above-mentioned problems and significantly improves the success rate and long-term stability of vegetation restoration.

[0006] The present invention provides a composite material for ecological restoration of high and steep rock slopes, comprising: Anchoring structure, which is used to be embedded in a borehole on a steep rock slope and form a horizontal bearing platform with enclosure on the slope surface; A support structure having a water-retaining and soil-consolidating function, disposed on a horizontal bearing platform of the anchoring structure and within the enclosure, wherein a side of the support structure away from the horizontal bearing platform is provided with a plurality of planting areas; A planting matrix is ​​provided in the plurality of planting areas for planting vegetation.

[0007] Furthermore, the anchoring structure includes an L-shaped main anchor rod and a U-shaped steel bar auxiliary support. The L-shaped main anchor rod includes a long arm and a short arm. The end of the long arm away from the short arm is used for implanting a hole in a steep rock slope. The short arm and the U-shaped steel bar auxiliary support form a horizontal bearing platform with a fence. The U-shaped steel bar auxiliary support has two side arms and a bottom arm. The bottom wall and the end of the long arm close to the short arm form a vertical structure and are fixed. The two side arms and the short arm form the fence.

[0008] Furthermore, the number of the L-shaped main anchor rods is two and they are arranged in parallel, the number of the U-shaped steel bar auxiliary brackets is two and they are arranged in parallel, and the long arms of the two L-shaped main anchor rods are vertically welded to the bottom wall of the U-shaped steel bar auxiliary bracket.

[0009] Furthermore, the two L-shaped main anchor rods are laid at a parallel interval of 800 mm, the two U-shaped steel bar auxiliary supports are laid at a parallel interval of 80 mm, and the height of the short arm is equal to that of the two side arms.

[0010] Furthermore, the supporting structure includes ecological rock wool strips, permeable ecological bags and glass fiber mesh support plates. The glass fiber mesh support plates are arranged on the horizontal bearing platform. The ecological rock wool strips are arranged on the side of the glass fiber mesh support plate away from the horizontal bearing platform, and form a planting mechanism with the glass fiber mesh support plate. The permeable ecological bag surrounds the four sides of the planting mechanism, specifically a side close to the glass fiber mesh support plate, a side in contact with the short arm, and two sides in contact with the side arms.

[0011] Furthermore, the ecological rock wool strips include a bottom layer of rock wool strips, a middle layer of rock wool strips and a top layer of rock wool strips that are sequentially bonded together. The bottom layer of rock wool strips serves as a bearing layer of the planting matrix. The middle layer of rock wool strips is evenly spaced and is penetrated by planting grooves for filling the planting matrix. The top layer of rock wool strips is provided with multiple through holes corresponding to the planting grooves as the planting area.

[0012] Furthermore, the number of the planting grooves is three, and the three planting grooves are evenly spaced on the middle-layer rock wool strip and penetrate the middle-layer rock wool strip; each of the planting grooves corresponds to three planting areas connected to the top-layer rock wool strip, and the three planting areas are evenly spaced, and the number of the planting areas is nine.

[0013] Furthermore, the permeable ecological bag is made of polypropylene. When surrounding the planting structure, the side away from the horizontal bearing platform is reserved as an exposed area for the development of vegetation canopy, and the side close to the slope is reserved as an exposed area for the vegetation roots to colonize the slope rock surface.

[0014] Furthermore, the planting matrix is ​​a composite matrix soil with an optimized ratio, which is a mixture of plain soil, organic fertilizer, sawdust fiber and compound fertilizer.

[0015] Furthermore, the ratio of the composite matrix soil is: 70-75% of plain soil, 15-20% of organic fertilizer, 5-10% of sawdust fiber, and 0.1% of compound fertilizer.

[0016] The beneficial effects of the present invention are: The present invention realizes the fixation and hydraulic regulation of the planting matrix through the composite wrapping structure of ecological rock wool strips and permeable ecological bags, and coordinates the gravity bearing of the bottom glass fiber mesh support plate and the three-dimensional mechanical anchoring network of L-shaped / U-shaped anchor rods to construct a four-fold synergistic mechanism for the ecological restoration of high-steep rock slopes, namely, matrix anti-loss, long-term water retention, slow-release nutrient supply and structural anti-disturbance. It innovatively solves the key problems in the ecological restoration of high-steep rock slopes, such as structural stability, water retention, nutrient supply and anchoring reliability, and provides reliable technical support for the rapid, effective and long-term ecological restoration of high-steep rock slopes. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0017] Figure 1 Schematic diagram of the overall structure of the composite material of the present invention.

[0018] Figure 2 Schematic diagram of the anchoring structure in the present invention.

[0019] Figure 3 Schematic diagram of the support structure of the present invention.

[0020] Figure 4 Schematic diagram of the structure of the composite matrix soil in the present invention.

[0021] In the accompanying drawings, there are an anchoring structure 10, an L-shaped main anchor rod 11, a U-shaped steel bar auxiliary bracket 12, a fiberglass mesh support plate 20, an ecological rock wool strip 21, a planting trough 22, a planting area 23, a permeable ecological bag 24, and a composite matrix soil 25.

[0022] The purpose, features and advantages of the present invention will be further described with reference to the accompanying drawings and in conjunction with the embodiments. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0023] It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are only used to explain the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention.

[0024] This invention provides a composite ecological restoration material suitable for steep rock slopes, aiming to address key issues encountered in conventional technologies, such as soil matrix loss, poor structural stability, and low vegetation survival rates. Suitable for ecological restoration of steep rock slopes with slopes greater than 60°, this material utilizes a prefabricated component design with fixed form and specifications, combined with a matching anchoring system. It offers significant advantages, including efficient and convenient construction, manageable costs, and improved plant survival. This effectively overcomes traditional drawbacks such as soil matrix loss, structural instability, and low vegetation survival rates, and is widely applicable to ecological restoration projects on steep rock slopes, such as those found in mines, highways, and railways.

[0025] The present invention provides a composite material for ecological restoration of high and steep rock slopes, comprising: The anchoring structure 10 is used to be implanted in a high and steep rock slope borehole and form a horizontal bearing platform with a fence on the slope surface; the anchoring structure 10 anchors the supporting structure and the planting matrix as a whole and fits them on the slope surface, thereby enhancing the overall stability of the material.

[0026] A support structure having a water-retaining and soil-consolidating function, disposed on the horizontal bearing platform of the anchoring structure 10 and located within the enclosure, and having a plurality of planting areas 23 disposed on a side of the support structure away from the horizontal bearing platform; The planting matrix is ​​arranged in the plurality of the planting areas 23 and is supported by a supporting structure with water-retaining and soil-fixing functions, and is used for planting vegetation to provide the soil environment necessary for plant growth.

[0027] In one embodiment, the anchoring structure 10 comprises L-shaped main anchor rod 11 (diameter 16 mm, short arm 200 mm / long arm 760 mm) and U-shaped steel auxiliary support 12 (diameter 12 mm, opening width 1200 mm, short arm 200 mm) made of galvanized steel material. The diameter and length of the L-shaped / U-shaped anchor rod can be adjusted according to the lithology of the slope and the design load. The L-shaped main anchor rod 11 is used to support and stabilize the material at the bottom; the U-shaped steel auxiliary support 12 is used to stabilize the material on the side, and the L-shaped main anchor rod 11 is combined with the U-shaped steel auxiliary support 12 to form a box-like prefabricated component by welding, ensuring the overall stability of the material and the anchoring and adhesion to the slope surface. The L-shaped main anchor rod 11 includes a long arm and a short arm, the long arm away from the short arm is used to implant a high and steep rock slope drill hole, and the short arm and the U-shaped steel auxiliary support 12 form a horizontal bearing platform with a fence; the U-shaped steel auxiliary support 12 has two side arms and a bottom arm, the bottom wall is perpendicular to the long arm near the short arm and is fixed, and the two side arms are consistent with the direction of the short arm and form the fence.

[0028] The number of L-shaped main anchor rods 11 is two and they are arranged in parallel, the number of U-shaped steel auxiliary supports 12 is two and they are arranged in parallel, the long arms of the two L-shaped main anchor rods 11 are vertically connected to the bottom wall of the U-shaped steel auxiliary support 12, and finally welding is performed at four overlapping points to form a rigid box-like prefabricated component. The two L-shaped main anchor rods 11 are laid with a parallel spacing of 800 mm, the two U-shaped steel auxiliary supports 12 are laid with a parallel spacing of 80 mm, and the height of the short arm is equal to that of the two side arms. During construction, the anchoring structure 10 is implanted in the slope drill hole (depth ≥ 560 mm, diameter Φ30 mm) and grouted to fill, so that the long arm of the L-shaped anchor rod near the short arm has a reserved exposed section of ≥200 mm to form a horizontal bearing platform; the glass fiber mesh support plate 20 is laid on the platform, and the ecological rock wool strip 21 composite material wrapped by the water-permeable ecological bag 24 is closely laid on it, and finally the three-dimensional space is locked by anchoring the side of the rock wool strip with the side arm of the U-shaped steel auxiliary support 12, realizing the overall anti-sliding and anti-overturning stability of the composite material.

[0029] In one embodiment, the support structure includes an ecological rock wool strip 21 (1200mm×200mm×200mm, the size of the rock wool material can be adjusted according to the slope, such as the length can be reduced for steeper slopes), a permeable ecological bag 24 and a fiberglass mesh support plate 20 (1200mm×200mm×3mm). The fiberglass mesh support plate 20 is arranged on the horizontal bearing platform, and the ecological rock wool strip 21 is arranged on the side of the fiberglass mesh support plate 20 away from the horizontal bearing platform, and forms a planting mechanism with the fiberglass mesh support plate 20. The permeable ecological bag 24 surrounds the four sides of the planting mechanism, specifically a side close to the fiberglass mesh support plate 20, a side in contact with the short arm, and two sides in contact with the side arm.

[0030] The ecological rock wool strips 21 include a bottom layer of rock wool strips, a middle layer of rock wool strips, and a top layer of rock wool strips that are sequentially bonded. The bottom layer of rock wool strips serves as the bearing layer of the planting matrix. The middle layer of rock wool strips is evenly spaced and provided with planting grooves 22 for filling the planting matrix. The top layer of rock wool strips is provided with a plurality of through holes corresponding to the planting grooves 22 as the planting areas 23. There are three planting grooves 22, which are evenly spaced on the middle layer of rock wool strips and pass through the middle layer of rock wool strips. Each planting groove 22 corresponds to three planting areas 23 connected to the top layer of rock wool strips. The three planting areas 23 are evenly spaced, and the number of planting areas 23 is nine. The planting areas 23 can be square or strip-shaped, and the number and spacing are determined according to the design density.

[0031] In one embodiment, the permeable eco-bag 24 is made of polypropylene and is woven from discarded cotton, linen, or non-woven fabric into a 1200mm x 200mm x 200mm bag, used to wrap and secure the rock wool material. When the permeable eco-bag 24 surrounds the planting structure, the side away from the horizontal support platform is left as an exposed area for plant canopy development, and the side closer to the slope is left as an exposed area for plant roots to colonize the slope rock surface.

[0032] Specifically, the ecological rock wool strip 21 is used as a core carrier for water retention and soil fixation, and has excellent water retention, air permeability and chemical stability. The ecological rock wool strip 21 is composed of three different specifications, from bottom to top: the bottom rock wool strip is used as a substrate soil bearing layer, with a specification of 1200mm*200mm*50mm, the middle rock wool strip has a specification of 1200mm*200mm*120mm, and three planting grooves 22 (specification: 330mm*100mm*120mm) are equidistantly arranged in the body cavity of the middle rock wool strip for filling the planting substrate, and the top rock wool strip has a specification of 1200mm*200mm*30mm, and nine planting areas 23 (specification: 80mm*100mm*30mm) are equidistantly arranged in the body cavity of the top rock wool strip, which correspond to the three planting grooves 22 of the middle rock wool strip respectively, and each planting groove 22 is connected with three planting areas 23; the water-permeable ecological bag 24 is used to wrap the lateral and bottom surfaces of the rock wool strip and is fixed by using adhesive tape, so as to prevent the rock wool material from being loose and falling off under the action of natural factors, and to weaken the water evaporation effect of the natural wind on the rock wool material; the top and slope surface are reserved with exposed areas for the development of the vegetation canopy and the colonization of the root system to the slope rock surface, which effectively improves the stability of the base structure and inhibits the water evaporation under the action of wind, and the bottom of the ecological rock wool strip 21 is provided with the glass fiber net support plate 20, which is made of glass fiber net material with high strength and decomposition resistance, is flatly arranged on the bearing platform of the anchoring structure 10, and is used for supporting the rock wool material and enhancing the overall bearing capacity.

[0033] The final support structure uses the ecological rock wool strip 21 as a core carrier for water retention and soil fixation, and equidistantly arranges three planting grooves 22 in the body cavity of the ecological rock wool strip 21 for filling the planting substrate soil; the ecological rock wool strip 21 is wrapped with the water-permeable ecological bag 24 for anchoring and coating, which effectively improves the stability of the base structure and inhibits the water evaporation under the action of wind, and the bottom is additionally provided with the glass fiber net support plate 20 to enhance the overall bearing performance.

[0034] In one embodiment, the planting substrate is the optimized compound substrate soil 25, which is mixed by the soil, organic fertilizer, wood fiber and slow-release compound fertilizer, and ensures the nutrients required for plant growth. Specifically, the ratio (by weight) of the compound substrate soil 25 is as follows: soil 70-75%, organic fertilizer 15-20%, wood fiber 5-10%, and compound fertilizer 0.1%. After the plants are sown in the planting area 23, the planting substrate soil is filled in the planting area 23, and the planting area 23 is used to reduce the exposed area of the soil, thereby effectively reducing the soil water evaporation.

[0035] When the present application is used for on-site construction, the composite material as described above is installed on the slope, the vegetation is sown or planted in the planting area 23, and the material is fixed by the anchoring system to ensure the stability of the structure. The specific method is as follows: 1) Slope pretreatment. The loose rocks on the slope surface are cleaned, and the net is reinforced if necessary.

[0036] 2) Installation of the prefabricated anchoring system a. Positioning and staking out: Mark 11 L-shaped main anchor points (corresponding to the ends of the support plate) at intervals of 800mm. Drilling and grouting: Drill Φ30mm holes (depth ≥560mm) vertically on the slope surface and inject C25 cement mortar (water-cement ratio 0.4).

[0037] b. Component implantation: Insert the welded box-shaped anchor component (L / U-shaped anchor rod four-point welded body) into the hole, adjust the L-shaped long arm to be exposed ≥ 200mm to form a horizontal bearing platform, and check the horizontality deviation ≤ 3mm / m.

[0038] c. Mechanical acceptance: pull-out force test (L-shaped ≥50kN, U-shaped ≥10kN).

[0039] 3) Composite support structure assembly a. Prefabrication of rock wool composite materials: Three rock wool strips of different specifications are combined. The structure from bottom to top is as follows: the bottom rock wool strip serves as the matrix soil bearing layer, with specifications of 1200mm×200mm×50mm. The middle layer uses rock wool strips with specifications of 1200mm×200mm×120mm. Three planting grooves 22 (specifications: 330mm×100mm×120mm) are evenly spaced in its body cavity for filling with composite matrix soil 25. The upper rock wool strip has specifications of 1200mm×200mm×30mm. Nine planting areas 23 (specifications: 80mm×100mm×30mm) are evenly spaced on the surface, corresponding to the three planting grooves 22 of the middle rock wool strip. Each planting groove 22 is connected to three independent planting areas 23. The three rock wool strips were stacked in sequence, and the planting trough 22 was filled with an optimized matrix (weight ratio: plain soil: organic fertilizer: wood fiber: slow-release compound fertilizer = 7:2:0.8:0.01, the moisture content was adjusted to 22% ± 3%, and the matrix was compacted in layers to a density of 1.35 g / cm³). The rock wool strips were wrapped in a pentahedron (bottom + four sides) using a permeable eco-bag 24 (permeability coefficient ≥ 1×10⁻²cm / s), with the top and slope contact surfaces left exposed. The strips were tied longitudinally with Φ1.2 mm stainless steel wire (spacing 300 mm) to ensure that the gap between the bag and the rock wool strips was ≤ 2 mm.

[0040] b. Base bearing laying: Fiberglass mesh support plate 20 (1200mm×200mm×3mm) is laid flat on the anchoring platform and fixed with 304 stainless steel tie, with horizontal deviation ≤3mm / m.

[0041] c. Installation of rock wool composite material unit: The prefabricated rock wool composite material is precisely embedded in a rigid frame formed by the exposed platform of the L-shaped main anchor rod 11 and the U-shaped auxiliary anchor rod. The vertical displacement is constrained by the short arm of the L-shaped anchor rod hooking the outer side of the rock wool strip. At the same time, the short arm of the U-shaped anchor rod presses the side of the rock wool board to suppress lateral slippage, realizing the dual anchoring mechanism to collaboratively lock the spatial stability of the rock wool unit.

[0042] 4) vegetation planting: a. Plant configuration: The vegetation planting adopts a configuration mode mainly of vines, supplemented by herbs and shrubs. The vines are preferably Ampelopsis grossedentata, Rhoicophorus chinensis, and Pueraria lobata (2 plants per planting area), which undertake the main function of climbing the slope surface; the shrubs are preferably Cajanus cajan and Myricaria pinnata (1 plant per planting area), which play the role of deep root anchoring; and the herbs are preferably Festuca arundinacea, Setaria viridis, and Saxifraga stolonifera (1-2 g per area), which achieve the effect of rapid coverage to suppress evaporation.

[0043] b. Maintenance and management: In the initial stage (0-3 months), a drip irrigation system is adopted, with water supply of 2 L / m² per day (in two times, 30 min each time); in the middle stage (4-6 months), natural precipitation is mainly used, with supplementary irrigation of 5 L / m² per month; and in the later stage (> 6 months), natural maintenance is completely relied on the water storage capacity of the rock wool board (rainfall storage capacity ≥ 15 L / m²).

[0044] The present application has the following excellent features: 1. Adequate and long-lasting nutrient supply: Based on the nutrient requirements of plants throughout the cycle, the optimized compound substrate soil 25 (containing soil, organic fertilizer, sawdust fiber, and slow-release compound fertilizer) is concentratedly filled in the ecological rock wool strip 21 prefabricated planting groove 22 to form a closed nutrient supply unit. Through the gradient release of slow-release compound fertilizer and the holding effect of sawdust fiber, the long-term stability and biological availability of nutrients in the root zone are cooperatively ensured, and the technical defects of easy leaching and non-continuous supply of substrate nutrients in high and steep slope environments are significantly overcome.

[0045] 2. Efficient water retention and evaporation inhibition: Based on the excellent water retention and air permeability of the rock wool strip, the planting substrate is completely filled in the cavity of the closed planting groove 22 to form a good physical barrier interface, which can greatly inhibit the evaporation of water in the planting substrate; the upper part of the ecological rock wool strip 21 is set as a 30 mm thick rock wool cover layer, and 9 square areas are excavated at equal intervals on the surface of the cover layer as micro independent planting areas 23 (80 mm x 100 mm x 30 mm), every 3 micro independent planting areas 23 are connected with 1 planting groove 22, which significantly reduces the top soil exposed area and further inhibits water evaporation; the multi-level evaporation control structure cooperates with the rock wool in the functions of water absorption, storage, and slow release in rainfall or irrigation, systematically improves the water use efficiency, reduces water evaporation, and effectively overcomes the core technical bottleneck of water retention in high and steep rock slope.

[0046] 3. Stable structure against sliding: The rigid base formed by the bottom glass fiber mesh support plate 20 effectively resists the deformation of the material unit caused by the gravity load. At the same time, the multi-dimensional anchoring system of the L-shaped main reinforcement anchor rod and the U-shaped steel auxiliary support 12 is adopted, in which the long arm of the L-shaped anchor rod penetrates deep into the rock mass to provide vertical tensile resistance, and the U-shaped support transversely restrains the composite material unit and transmits lateral shear resistance, and the two form a three-dimensional spatial mechanical constraint network, which makes the overall structure stable and anchored on the steep (including near vertical) rock slope, effectively resisting the coupling effect of gravity, rain erosion, wind force and freeze-thaw cycle and other external forces, significantly reducing the risk of matrix layer sliding, and completely solving the technical defects of unreliable anchoring and overall instability of traditional ecological restoration structure.

[0047] 4. Optimizing plant growth space: The standard root growth module is constructed by the prefabricated planting groove 22 (330mmx100mmx120mm) in the ecological rock wool strip 21, and the depth design fully guarantees the vertical stretching needs of deep-rooted vegetation; the independent planting area 23 (80mmx100mmx30mm) distributed at the top is connected with the planting groove 22, which provides sufficient canopy development space and relies on the 30mm thick rock wool to form a broken layout of exposed surface, and cooperates with the top rock wool strip cover structure to realize the dynamic balance of light and heat resources and water retention, thereby synchronously optimizing the underground root colonization and aboveground photosynthetic efficiency of plants in the special habitat of steep slope.

[0048] 5. Ecological and environmentally friendly: The core carrier is composed of non-polluting mineral-based ecological rock wool strip 21 and degradable water-permeable ecological bag 24, and the material full life cycle environmental adaptation is realized through the permanent structural stability of rock wool and the phased functional degradation of ecological bag: the rock wool strip continuously provides physical support during the use period, and the ecological bag gradually degrades after the function is replaced by the developed vegetation root system, which synchronously reduces resource consumption and secondary pollution risk, and meets the sustainability goal of slope ecological restoration project.

[0049] 6. Convenient construction and long-lasting effect: The standardized ecological rock wool strip 21 (1200mmx200mmx200mm) based on prefabricated component design and its matching anchoring system (L-shaped / U-shaped steel) realize modular rapid assembly, which significantly improves the on-site construction efficiency of high and steep slope; at the same time, through the closed matrix holding of planting groove 22, multi-stage control structure, three-dimensional mechanical anchoring network and slow-release nutrient system, the stress-resistant ecological restoration unit is constructed, which ensures that the vegetation community maintains a stable succession period of more than 3 years in the stress environment of water erosion, freeze-thaw cycle and nutrient fluctuation, and achieves the unity of engineering benefit and ecological sustainability.

[0050] To sum up, the present invention realizes the planting matrix fixation and hydraulic regulation through the composite wrapping structure of ecological rock wool strips 21 and permeable ecological bags 24, and coordinates the gravity bearing of the bottom glass fiber mesh support plate 20 and the three-dimensional mechanical anchoring network of L-shaped / U-shaped anchor rods to construct a four-fold synergistic mechanism for the ecological restoration of steep rock slopes - matrix anti-loss, long-term water retention, slow-release nutrient supply and structural anti-disturbance. It innovatively solves the key problems of structural stability, water retention, nutrient supply and anchoring reliability in the ecological restoration of steep rock slopes, and provides reliable technical support for the rapid, effective and long-term ecological restoration of steep rock slopes.

[0051] It should be noted that, in this document, the terms "comprises," "includes," or any other variations thereof are intended to encompass non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, apparatus, article, or method comprising a series of elements includes not only those elements but also other elements not explicitly listed, or elements inherent to such process, apparatus, article, or method. In the absence of further limitations, an element defined by the phrase "comprising a ..." does not exclude the presence of other identical elements in the process, apparatus, article, or method comprising the element.

[0052] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and does not limit the patent scope of the present invention. Any equivalent structure or equivalent process transformation made by using the contents of the present invention description and drawings, or directly or indirectly applied in other related technical fields, are also included in the patent protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A composite material for ecological restoration of steep rock slopes, characterized in that: include: Anchoring structure, which is used to be embedded in a borehole on a steep rock slope and form a horizontal bearing platform with enclosure on the slope surface; A support structure having a water-retaining and soil-consolidating function, disposed on a horizontal bearing platform of the anchoring structure and located within the enclosure, and having a plurality of planting areas disposed on a side of the support structure away from the horizontal bearing platform; A planting matrix is ​​provided in the plurality of planting areas for planting vegetation.

2. The composite material for ecological restoration of steep rock slopes according to claim 1, characterized in that: The anchoring structure includes an L-shaped main anchor rod and a U-shaped steel bar auxiliary support. The L-shaped main anchor rod includes a long arm and a short arm. The end of the long arm away from the short arm is used for implanting drilling holes in steep rock slopes. The short arm and the U-shaped steel bar auxiliary support form a horizontal bearing platform with a fence. The U-shaped steel bar auxiliary support has two side arms and a bottom arm. The bottom wall and the end of the long arm close to the short arm form a vertical structure and are fixed. The two side arms and the short arm form the fence.

3. The composite material for ecological restoration of high and steep rock slopes according to claim 2, characterized in that: The number of the L-shaped main anchor rods is two and they are arranged in parallel, the number of the U-shaped steel bar auxiliary brackets is two and they are arranged in parallel, and the long arms of the two L-shaped main anchor rods are vertically welded to the bottom wall of the U-shaped steel bar auxiliary bracket.

4. The composite material for ecological restoration of high and steep rock slopes according to claim 3, characterized in that: The two L-shaped main anchor rods are laid at a parallel interval of 800 mm, the two U-shaped steel bar auxiliary supports are laid at a parallel interval of 80 mm, and the height of the short arm is equal to that of the two side arms.

5. The composite material for ecological restoration of high and steep rock slopes according to claim 2, characterized in that: The supporting structure includes ecological rock wool strips, permeable ecological bags and glass fiber mesh support plates. The glass fiber mesh support plates are arranged on the horizontal load-bearing platform. The ecological rock wool strips are arranged on the side of the glass fiber mesh support plate away from the horizontal load-bearing platform and form a planting mechanism with the glass fiber mesh support plate. The permeable ecological bag surrounds the four sides of the planting mechanism, specifically a side close to the glass fiber mesh support plate, a side in contact with the short arm, and two sides in contact with the side arms.

6. The composite material for ecological restoration of high and steep rock slopes according to claim 5, characterized in that: The ecological rock wool strips include a bottom layer of rock wool strips, a middle layer of rock wool strips and a top layer of rock wool strips that are bonded together in sequence. The bottom layer of rock wool strips serves as the bearing layer of the planting matrix. The middle layer of rock wool strips is evenly spaced and is penetrated with planting grooves for filling the planting matrix. The top layer of rock wool strips is provided with multiple through holes corresponding to the planting grooves as the planting area.

7. The composite material for ecological restoration of high and steep rock slopes according to claim 6, characterized in that: The number of the planting grooves is three, and the three planting grooves are arranged at equal intervals on the middle rock wool strip and penetrate the middle rock wool strip; each of the planting grooves corresponds to three planting areas connected to the top rock wool strip, and the three planting areas are arranged at equal intervals, and the number of the planting areas is nine.

8. The composite material for ecological restoration of high and steep rock slopes according to claim 5, characterized in that: The permeable ecological bag is made of polypropylene. When surrounding the planting structure, the side away from the horizontal bearing platform is reserved as an exposed area for the development of the vegetation canopy, and the side close to the slope is reserved as an exposed area for the vegetation roots to colonize the slope rock surface.

9. The composite material for ecological restoration of high and steep rock slopes according to claim 1, characterized in that: The planting matrix is ​​a composite matrix soil with an optimized ratio, which is a mixture of plain soil, organic fertilizer, wood chip fiber and compound fertilizer.

10. The composite material for ecological restoration of high and steep rock slopes according to claim 9, characterized in that: The ratio of the composite matrix soil is: 70-75% of plain soil, 15-20% of organic fertilizer, 5-10% of sawdust fiber, and 0.1% of compound fertilizer.

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