Fabricated encircling static pressure open caisson construction device

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of assembly type building construction, in particular to an assembly type encircling static pressure open caisson construction device. Comprising a chassis base, a plurality of positioning adjusting oil cylinders are installed on the chassis base, a guide structure is arranged on the chassis base, a movable surrounding mechanism is connected and installed above the chassis base through the guide structure, and vertical lifting oil cylinders are arranged on the periphery of the movable surrounding mechanism. A deviation rectifying adjusting oil cylinder is arranged on the inner side of the movable surrounding mechanism, the movable surrounding mechanism is further provided with a connecting assembly and used for controlling the posture of the vertical shaft, the vertical shaft is formed by splicing pipe pieces, and a top cap is arranged at the tops of the pipe pieces of the vertical shaft and connected with the movable surrounding mechanism through the connecting assembly. When the device is used for construction, the existing problems in open caisson construction are effectively solved, the construction period is shortened compared with a traditional open caisson, the precision is improved, the perpendicularity is smaller than or equal to 0.2%, the cost is saved compared with a VSM construction method, and environmental protection and low interference are achieved.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The application relates to the technical field of fabricated building construction, in particular to a fabricated static pressure caisson construction device. BACKGROUND

[0002] With the deepening of the urbanization process in China, a large number of underground space construction needs are generated. The application fields mainly include three aspects: First, the deepening of the rail transit network: suitable for deep and large wind wells, escape wells and shield starting (receiving) wells.

[0003] Second, power energy infrastructure: the construction of large-diameter vertical shafts for extra-high voltage power transmission and underground power corridors.

[0004] Third, municipal pipe network reconstruction and upgrading: the use of fabricated caissons in pipe jacking work wells, rain and sewage pumping stations, etc.

[0005] However, the traditional caisson process has exposed a series of problems in complex urban environments. The traditional process relies on the passive sinking of the caisson body weight, which is prone to sudden sinking, tilting and other accidents in conditions such as water-rich soft soil and composite strata, resulting in excessive ground settlement and posing a serious safety hazard to the surrounding dense building groups. At the same time, the cast-in-place concrete construction mode has a long cycle and requires large-area excavation of foundation pits and continuous dewatering, which not only intensifies urban traffic interference but also causes groundwater disturbance and stratum loss. Especially in the urban core area, the narrow site layout of equipment further restricts the application of large-scale machinery, forcing some projects to use high-cost enclosure structures (such as underground diaphragm walls and interlocking pile walls), significantly increasing engineering costs.

[0006] Among the current advanced high-precision mechanical caisson technologies, the VSM method is not economical for small-scale projects due to the high initial investment in expensive special equipment, and is generally only suitable for large caisson projects. The mature twisted pipe type mechanical caisson method is limited by the complete equipment and can only be used for caissons with a diameter of less than 5m. There is an urgent need for a modern, efficient and economical caisson technology that can accurately control the application of medium and large caissons with a diameter of 5-15m.

[0007] The applicant has developed a fabricated static pressure caisson construction method based on years of construction experience. In order to successfully carry out this method, a suitable construction device needs to be developed to adapt to the method and solve the various problems existing in the prior art. SUMMARY

[0008] The present invention aims to provide a special device for the construction method of an assembled encircling static pressure caisson, so as to effectively solve the problems existing in traditional caisson construction, such as long construction period, difficult quality control, great environmental impact, intensive labor, high construction risk, and insufficient strength and precision of existing prefabricated structures. Through the three major innovations of prefabrication, intelligence, and active control, the present invention successfully solves the dilemma of traditional caisson application in sensitive areas such as densely populated urban areas, and fills the gap in domestic high-precision assembled caisson technology.

[0009] To achieve the above-mentioned purpose, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is: an assembled encircling static pressure caisson construction device, including a caisson, the caisson adopts a vertical shaft pipe segment, including a chassis base, a caisson hole is arranged in the middle of the chassis base, and a plurality of positioning and adjusting cylinders are installed on the chassis base, and the positioning and adjusting cylinders are evenly distributed around the caisson hole, a guide structure is provided on the chassis base, and a movable encircling mechanism is installed above the chassis base through the guide structure, and a plurality of mounting holes adapted to the guide structure are arranged around the movable encircling mechanism, vertical lifting cylinders are arranged around the movable encircling mechanism, and a correction adjustment cylinder is arranged on the inner side of the movable encircling mechanism, and the movable encircling mechanism is also provided with a connecting assembly, and the movable encircling mechanism is used to control the posture of the vertical shaft, and a top cap is provided on the top of the vertical shaft pipe segment, and the top cap is connected to the movable encircling mechanism through a connecting assembly.

[0010] Furthermore, the chassis base is an assembled structure, which is assembled by splicing multiple steel structures.

[0011] Furthermore, an anti-slip pad is provided at the front end of the positioning adjustment cylinder.

[0012] Furthermore, an arc-shaped contact portion is provided between the positioning adjustment oil cylinder and the anti-slip pad.

[0013] Furthermore, a mounting portion is provided on the chassis base, and the mounting portion is provided in the middle gap of each set of guide structures.

[0014] Furthermore, the vertical lifting cylinders are provided in multiple groups, and the vertical lifting cylinders are fixed to the mounting parts on the chassis base, and the mounting method is pin fixing.

[0015] Furthermore, the deviation-correcting and adjusting oil cylinders are provided in multiple groups, wherein groups are preferably provided, and anti-slip pads are provided at the front ends of the jaws of the deviation-correcting and adjusting oil cylinders.

[0016] Furthermore, the connecting component is any one of a telescopic cylinder, a movable pull rod or a chain.

[0017] Furthermore, connecting parts are provided around the top cap.

[0018] Furthermore, a counterweight is loaded on the chassis base.

[0019] The beneficial technical effects of the present invention are: ① The setting of the embracing mechanism is combined with the positioning and adjustment cylinder group to adjust the caisson posture in real time, with a verticality of ≤2‰ (double the 5‰ of traditional caissons); it hugs the vertical shaft to provide lateral constraints and prevent deformation; ② Assembly and prefabrication: The core structure (shaft) is assembled on-site using precast concrete segments and steel structure segments. The caisson mechanical components are also prefabricated in units and can be flexibly assembled according to the shaft specifications. This greatly improves construction efficiency and quality control, reduces on-site wet work, and reduces site and transportation requirements and restrictions.

[0020] ③ Mechanization and automation: A surrounding hydraulic mechanical structure is used to press (pull) the shaft down, and the shaft is simultaneously held and transported horizontally by hydraulic jaws. Sensors monitor stress data in real time and actively control the sinking, greatly improving the caisson control accuracy and control capabilities. At the same time, a multifunctional crawler crane equipped with a soil extractor is used for fully mechanized soil extraction in the shaft. No personnel are required to enter the shaft during caisson construction, which is safe and efficient.

[0021] ④ Static pressure (pull) sinking: Two layers of multiple groups of horizontal cylinders are used to actively adjust and control the vertical shaft's posture in real time, keeping the verticality within 2‰. At the same time, combined with vertical pulling cylinders, the vertical shaft's sinking rate is further controlled. In special circumstances, it also has the ability to strongly brake the shaft during sinking. This not only transforms the traditional passive "pressure sinking" process into an active "holding and delivery" process, but also minimizes accidents such as sudden sinking and tilting of the caisson under special geological conditions. This greatly improves the control accuracy and safety of caisson construction, achieving a smoother, more controllable sinking process with minimal disturbance to the surrounding area. It is particularly suitable for caisson projects in sensitive environments, densely populated urban areas, weak and complex geology, and those with high requirements for settlement and precision control.

[0022] ⑤ Environmental protection and low disturbance: Grab buckets are mainly used to take soil from the well. The original soil content is high, the abandoned soil has a low moisture content, and it is easy to transport. There is no need to prepare / dispose of mud, which is green and environmentally friendly. At the same time, water injection counterpressure measures are taken in the well to maintain the pressure balance inside and outside the well, prevent the soil at the bottom of the well from surging, and avoid surface subsidence. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0023] In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the following briefly introduces the drawings required for use in the embodiments or the description of the prior art. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without paying any creative work.

[0024] Figure 1 It is a structural diagram of the main structure of the present invention; Figure 2The schematic diagram of the base pedestal in S2 of the application; Figure 3 The schematic diagram of the movable ring embracing mechanism in S2 of the application; Figure 4 The structural schematic diagram of the top cap in the application; Figure 5 The structural schematic diagram of the shaft pipe piece in the application; Figure 6 The structural schematic diagram of other forms of the main body structure in the application; 1 base pedestal, 2 movable ring embracing mechanism, 4 shaft pipe piece, 5 top cap, 6 caisson hole, 11 anchor pile, 12 positioning and adjusting oil cylinder, 13 anti-skid pad, 14 arc-shaped contact part, 15 anchor pile hole, 16 guide structure, 17 mounting part, 21 vertical lifting oil cylinder, 22 deviation rectifying and adjusting oil cylinder, 23 connecting assembly, 24 fixed connecting hole, 51 connecting part. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0025] The technical solutions in the embodiments of the application will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the application. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the application, rather than all the embodiments of the application. Based on the embodiments in the application, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative work fall within the protection scope of the application. Embodiment 1

[0026] As shown in the drawings, Figures 1 to 5 A fabricated ring embracing static pressure caisson construction device, comprising a caisson, the caisson adopts a shaft pipe piece, including a base pedestal 1, the base pedestal 1 is provided with a caisson hole 6 in the middle, the base pedestal 1 is provided with a plurality of positioning and adjusting oil cylinders 12, the positioning and adjusting oil cylinders 12 are uniformly distributed around the caisson hole 6, the base pedestal 1 is provided with a guide structure 16, the movable ring embracing mechanism 2 is connected and installed above the base pedestal 1 through the guide structure 16, a plurality of mounting holes 26 adapted to the guide structure 16 are arranged around the movable ring embracing mechanism 2, vertical lifting oil cylinders 21 are arranged around the movable ring embracing mechanism 2, deviation rectifying and adjusting oil cylinders 22 are arranged on the inner side of the movable ring embracing mechanism 2, the movable ring embracing mechanism 2 is further provided with a connecting assembly 23, the movable ring embracing mechanism 2 is used for controlling the posture of the shaft, the top of the shaft pipe piece is provided with a top cap 5, the top cap 5 is connected with the movable ring embracing mechanism 2 through the connecting assembly 23. Embodiment 2

[0027] As shown in the drawings, Figures 1 to 5As shown, an assembled encircling static pressure caisson construction device includes a caisson, the caisson adopts a vertical shaft segment, includes a chassis base 1, a caisson hole 6 is arranged in the middle of the chassis base 1, and a plurality of positioning adjustment cylinders 12 are installed on the chassis base 1. The positioning adjustment cylinders 12 are evenly distributed around the caisson hole 6. The positioning adjustment cylinders 12 are preferably provided in 8 to 16 groups, and may also be limited to 8 to 16 groups. In order to increase the contact area between the positioning adjustment cylinders 12 and the caisson, a plurality of positioning adjustment cylinders 12 are provided in front of the positioning adjustment cylinders 12. The end can be provided with an arc-shaped contact portion 14, and the front end of the arc-shaped contact portion 14 is provided with an anti-slip pad 13. If the arc-shaped contact portion is not provided, the anti-slip pad 13 is directly provided at the front end of the positioning adjustment cylinder 12. A guide structure 16 is provided on the chassis base 1. The guide structure 16 is distributed around the caisson hole and is provided with 4 groups. In order to further improve the stability of the fixation, more groups can be provided, such as 6 groups, 8 groups, 10 groups, etc. The guide structure is a steel pipe column, and each group of the guide structure is preferably provided with There are 2, the chassis base 1 is connected to the movable embracing mechanism 2 through the guide structure 16, and the movable embracing mechanism 2 is provided with a plurality of mounting holes 26 adapted to the guide structure 16 around the movable embracing mechanism 2, and the vertical pulling oil cylinder 21 is provided with multiple groups. The vertical pulling oil cylinder 21 is fixed to the mounting portion 17 on the chassis base 1, and the installation method is pin fixed. The inner side of the movable embracing mechanism 2 is provided with a correction adjustment oil cylinder 22. The deviation correction adjustment cylinders 22 are provided in multiple groups, preferably 8 to 16 groups. The front end of the jaws of the deviation correction adjustment cylinders 22 is provided with an anti-slip pad 13. The movable embracing mechanism 2 is also provided with a connecting assembly 23. The connecting assembly 23 is any one of a telescopic cylinder, a movable pull rod, or a chain. The movable embracing mechanism 2 is used to control the posture of the shaft. A top cap 5 is provided on the top of the shaft segment. The top cap 5 is connected to the movable embracing mechanism 2 through the connecting assembly 23. The top cap 5 is provided with connecting parts 51 around it. The chassis base 1 is an assembled structure, which is assembled by splicing multiple steel structures. The chassis base 1 is also provided with a mounting portion 17. The mounting portion 17 is provided in the middle gap of each group of guide structures 16.

[0028] like Figure 6 As shown, the shape of the device of the present invention can be a shape other than a circle, such as a square, a rectangle, a polygon, etc., depending on the shape of the caisson.

[0029] Working principle: The present invention is a special device adapted for use in an assembled encircling static pressure caisson construction method, and the specific steps of the method include: (1) Driving recyclable anchor piles, hoisting the chassis base 1, and locking the chassis base 1 with the anchor piles, and assembling the positioning and adjustment cylinder group on the chassis base 1; hoisting the chassis base 1 (steel structure), locking it with the anchor piles through bolts, and serving as the "foundation" of the caisson equipment, transferring the equipment load to the anchor piles to ensure stable operation of the equipment; the chassis base 1 is assembled on site and can adapt to the construction of caissons of different sizes, and a caisson hole 6 is set in the middle of the chassis base 1; The recyclable anchor piles in this working step can be replaced with counterweights. If counterweights are used, first hoist the chassis base 1, and then load the counterweights on the chassis base 1. The counterweights are loaded at the four corners of the chassis base 1. (2) Hoist the movable embracing machine, 2, and assemble the correction adjustment cylinder assembly, vertical lifting cylinder assembly, and connecting assembly (3) The blade foot ring and the first ring of shaft segments are hoisted and located in the movable ring mechanism, and the blade foot ring and the first ring of shaft segments are spliced ​​together, and the horizontality and verticality are checked; (4) Hoist the second ring of shaft segments onto the first ring of shaft segments and complete the splicing; (5) Start the correction adjustment cylinder group to adjust the horizontality and verticality of the shaft, and then use the correction adjustment cylinder group to hold the shaft as a whole; adjust the horizontality and verticality of the shaft segments through the hydraulic system; after the adjustment is completed, the cylinder group holds the shaft as a whole (the holding force is based on the principle that the segments do not deform, and is monitored in real time by the pressure sensor), and the positioning adjustment cylinder group corrects the posture in real time to prevent the caisson from tilting when sinking, and the holding ring mechanism provides lateral constraints; (6) Install the top cap at the upper end of the shaft, lift the vertical lifting cylinder group, and then connect the connecting assembly to the top cap to form a fixed connection relationship; the top cap serves as the support point of the cylinder, and the connecting assembly transmits the downward pressure (static pressure) or pulling force (pull-sinking) of the cylinder to achieve "controlled sinking" (different from traditional deadweight sinking); (7) Excavation of soil in the caisson, the depth of which shall be determined according to the geological conditions; (8) Carry out caisson, pull down the vertical lifting cylinder group, drive the vertical shaft segment downward, and complete the caisson operation of the vertical shaft segment; (9) Repeat the above steps of soil excavation → caisson → soil excavation → caisson until the first cycle of caisson work is completed. (10) Remove the top cap, hoist and splice the third ring of shaft segments, reinstall the top cap, and repeat the above-mentioned soil excavation and caisson steps until all shaft segments are assembled; (11) Use a steel retractable tool segment to continue to pressurize the shaft down. The steel retractable tool segment has the same external specifications as the shaft segment. Hoist it to the top of the shaft segment, and hoist the top cap on the steel retractable tool segment. Connect the top cap to the pull rod or chain. Apply controllable downward pressure to the shaft segment through the vertical lifting cylinder to pressurize the shaft segment to the designed elevation. Then remove the steel retractable tool segment and finally excavate the soil in the well to the designed elevation. (12) Equipment removal This invention utilizes modern engineering concepts such as prefabrication, hydraulic control, and precise monitoring, offering significant advantages in efficiency, quality, safety, and environmental protection. It is particularly suitable for urban areas with dense populations, deep foundation pits, and caisson projects requiring high settlement and precision control. Its core technology achieves the following technical benefits: 1. Prefabrication and assembly: The core structure (shaft) is assembled on-site using precast concrete segments and steel structure segments. The caisson mechanical components are also prefabricated in units and can be flexibly assembled according to the shaft specifications. This greatly improves construction efficiency and quality control, reduces on-site wet work, and reduces site and transportation requirements and restrictions.

[0030] 2. Mechanization and Automation: A surrounding hydraulic mechanical structure is used to compress (pull) the shaft downward, and the shaft is simultaneously held and transported horizontally by hydraulic jaws. Sensors monitor stress data in real time and actively control the sinking, greatly improving the control accuracy and control capability of the caisson. At the same time, a multifunctional crawler crane equipped with a soil extractor is used for fully mechanized soil extraction in the shaft. No personnel are required to enter the shaft during caisson construction, which is safe and efficient.

[0031] 3. Static pressure (pull) sinking: Two layers of multiple groups of horizontal cylinders are used to actively adjust and control the vertical shaft's posture in real time, keeping the verticality within 2‰. At the same time, vertical lifting cylinders are used to further strengthen the control of the shaft's sinking rate. Under special circumstances, the system also provides strong braking during shaft sinking. This not only transforms the traditional passive "pressure sinking" process into an active "holding and delivery" process, but also minimizes accidents such as sudden sinking and tilting of the caisson under special geological conditions. This greatly improves the control accuracy and safety of caisson construction, achieving a smoother, more controllable sinking process with minimal disturbance to the surrounding area. This system is particularly suitable for caisson projects in sensitive environments, densely populated urban areas, weak and complex geology, and those with high requirements for settlement and precision control.

[0032] 4. Environmental protection and low disturbance: Grab buckets are mainly used to take soil from the well. The original soil content is high, the abandoned soil has a low moisture content, and it is easy to transport. There is no need to prepare / dispose of mud, which is green and environmentally friendly. At the same time, water injection counterpressure measures are taken in the well to maintain the pressure balance inside and outside the well, prevent the soil at the bottom of the well from surging, and avoid surface subsidence.

[0033] 5. Systematic solution: The process fully covers the technical measures from site preparation, caisson production and sinking, final sinking control, bottom sealing, bottom plate construction to special working conditions (anti-seepage, anti-floating, anti-sinking).

[0034] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc. made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included in the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. An assembled embracing static pressure caisson construction device, comprising a caisson, wherein the caisson is assembled using vertical shaft segments, and is characterized in that: The invention comprises a chassis base (1), a caisson hole (6) is provided in the middle of the chassis base (1), a plurality of positioning adjustment cylinders (12) are installed on the chassis base (1), and the positioning adjustment cylinders (12) are evenly distributed around the caisson hole (6), a guide structure (16) is provided on the chassis base (1), a movable embracing mechanism (2) is connected and installed above the chassis base (1) through the guide structure (16), a plurality of mounting holes (26) adapted to the guide structure (16) are provided around the movable embracing mechanism (2), vertical lifting cylinders (21) are provided around the movable embracing mechanism (2), a deviation correction adjustment cylinder (22) is provided inside the movable embracing mechanism (2), and a connecting assembly (23) is further provided on the movable embracing mechanism (2), and the movable embracing mechanism (2) is used to control the posture of the shaft, and a top cap (5) is provided on the top of the shaft segment, and the top cap (5) is connected to the movable embracing mechanism (2) through the connecting assembly (23).

2. The assembled embracing static caisson construction device according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The chassis base (1) is an assembled structure, which is assembled by splicing together multiple steel structures.

3. The assembled embracing static caisson construction device according to claim 1 is characterized in that: An anti-slip pad (13) is provided at the front end of the positioning adjustment oil cylinder (12).

4. The assembled embracing static caisson construction device according to claim 3 is characterized in that: An arc-shaped contact portion is provided between the positioning adjustment oil cylinder (12) and the anti-slip pad (13).

5. The assembled embracing static caisson construction device according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The chassis base (1) is further provided with a mounting portion (17), and the mounting portion (17) is arranged in the middle gap of each set of guide structures (16).

6. The assembled embracing static caisson construction device according to claim 5, characterized in that: The vertical lifting oil cylinders (21) are provided in multiple groups. The vertical lifting oil cylinders (21) are fixedly mounted on the mounting portion (17) on the chassis base (1) in a pin-shaft fixing manner.

7. The assembled embracing static caisson construction device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The deviation-correcting adjustment oil cylinders (22) are provided in multiple groups, preferably 8 to 16 groups, and the front ends of the jaws of the deviation-correcting adjustment oil cylinders (22) are provided with anti-slip pads (13).

8. The assembled embracing static caisson construction device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The connecting component (23) is any one of a telescopic oil cylinder, a movable pull rod or a chain.

9. The assembled embracing static caisson construction device according to claim 1, characterized in that: Connecting portions (51) are provided around the top cap (5).

10. The assembled embracing static caisson construction device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The chassis base (1) is loaded with a counterweight.

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