Solitary wave monitoring and protecting integrated system suitable for wharf single pile

Abstract

The invention discloses a solitary wave monitoring and protecting integrated system suitable for a wharf single pile, an acoustic Doppler flow velocity profiler observation raft is hung below a buoy to carry out full-profile observation of ocean current, and a high-precision differential GPS is installed on the upper portion to be used for correcting the flow velocity observed by an ADCP. In an internal wave flow upstream area of workboat operation, an ADCP and thermohaline chain combined mode is adopted, abnormal gradient changes of thermohaline vertical distribution are captured, water stratification disturbance characteristics caused by solitary waves are recognized, the intensity, the position and the propagation path of the solitary waves are inverted by using a KDV theoretical model, and on a protection system, the abnormal gradient changes of thermohaline vertical distribution are captured. A floating type self-adaptive rubber anti-collision ring and coral concrete protective layer bidirectional coupling mode is adopted, a built-in pressure valve double-layer rubber anti-collision ring is utilized, a layered buffering mechanism is adopted, multi-stage energy absorption and dynamic response are greatly improved, self-adaptive structure deformation is adopted, the impact characteristics of solitary waves are actively matched, and the coral concrete protective layer is combined, so that the anti-collision performance of the coral concrete protective layer is improved. The energy dissipation efficiency of the solitary wave is improved, and the fatigue resistance and the maintenance cost are optimized.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention belongs to the field of dock monopile protection, and in particular relates to an integrated solitary wave monitoring and protection system suitable for dock monopile. Background Art

[0002] Solitary waves, characterized by steep crests, high propagation speeds, and concentrated energy, exert forces far greater than those of conventional waves. The total force exerted by solitary waves on piles can be 2-3 times that of surface waves of comparable wave height. Due to the sudden, intense currents of internal solitary waves, their torque can significantly damage the pile foundation in shear. Solitary waves, characterized by their sudden, high impact, can cause severe structural damage to offshore infrastructure such as docks, leading to economic losses and safety hazards. Existing solitary wave protection systems, due to the concentration of solitary wave energy in a transient, high-voltage pulse, can result in insufficient rebound speed (energy dissipation) in traditional anti-collision rings, resulting in poor fatigue resistance and high maintenance costs. In these protection systems, the deformation of traditional anti-collision rings passively relies on material elasticity, unable to dynamically adjust their structural shape based on impact intensity. This lack of specificity for the transient high pressures of solitary waves limits their adaptability to changes in solitary wave parameters (such as wave height and wavelength). Furthermore, relying on a single material's elasticity and overall deformation buffering, these anti-collision rings can experience localized overload (e.g., rapid saturation or tearing of the rubber layer) when the peak solitary wave impact force is concentrated. Summary of the Invention

[0003] Purpose of the invention: The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide an integrated monitoring and protection system to systematically complete the entire process from monitoring to protection of solitary waves in response to the shortcomings of the existing technology.

[0004] In order to achieve the above object, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is as follows:

[0005] A solitary wave monitoring and protection integrated system suitable for dock monopiles, comprising a monitoring subsystem, a protection subsystem and a terminal control subsystem;

[0006] The protection subsystem includes a coral concrete protective layer cast at the bottom of the monopile and a floating, adaptive, double-layer rubber anti-collision ring with a built-in pressure valve mounted on the outside of the monopile. It adopts a layered buffer mechanism to significantly improve multi-level energy absorption and dynamic response, adaptive structural deformation, and active matching of solitary wave impact characteristics. Combined with the coral concrete protective layer, it achieves improved solitary wave energy dissipation efficiency, fatigue resistance, and optimized maintenance costs.

[0007] The monitoring subsystem includes an observation raft for observing ocean currents and a thermohaline chain for identifying the characteristics of water stratification disturbances caused by solitary waves. The observation raft is equipped with an acoustic Doppler current profiler (ADCP) and a high-precision differential GPS. The terminal control subsystem includes a computer terminal for receiving and processing data, as well as a control module. The acoustic Doppler current profiler transmits data to the computer terminal in real time via a transmission cable for identification and extraction of internal waves and currents. The high-precision differential GPS transmits data to the computer terminal in real time via a transmission cable for correction of velocity observation errors caused by changes in float position. The thermohaline chain transmits data to the computer terminal in real time via a transmission cable. The ADCP and thermohaline chain use the method of capturing abnormal gradient changes in the vertical distribution of thermohaline (sudden changes in thermocline and halocline) to identify the characteristics of water stratification disturbances caused by solitary waves and use the KDV theoretical model to invert the intensity, position and propagation path of solitary waves.

[0008] The control module is connected to the protection subsystem and is used for real-time control of the inflation and deflation of the floating self-adaptive built-in pressure valve double-layer rubber anti-collision ring.

[0009] Specifically, the monitoring data collection interval of the monitoring subsystem is related to the distance between the measuring point and the single pile position, the solitary wave propagation velocity, the data transmission time, the data processing time, and the control inflation time, namely:

[0010] ;

[0011] Where; The total time required to complete the entire system operation;

[0012] is the data acquisition time, which is related to the sampling frequency;

[0013] The time required to transmit data;

[0014] The time required to process the data for ground use;

[0015] To control the time required for inflation;

[0016] is the actual solitary wave propagation time to the single pile of the pier;

[0017] Wave speed and location distance affect propagation time ;

[0018] The data collection interval is set to 0.5s~1s.

[0019] Specifically, the time it takes for a solitary wave to reach a single pile at the pier is determined by the distance between the profiler and the single pile at the pier and the propagation speed of the solitary wave.

[0020] =S / u

[0021] in, is the actual solitary wave propagation time to the pier pile, S is the distance between the acoustic Doppler current profiler and the pier pile, and u is the horizontal velocity component of the solitary wave;

[0022] Among them, the small amplitude solitary wave is evolved using the kdv model, the medium amplitude solitary wave is evolved using the ekdv model, and the large amplitude solitary wave is evolved using the mkdv model. The vertical velocity component w, the horizontal velocity component u and the actual solitary wave amplitude are calculated.

[0023] Among them, the amplitude of the small amplitude solitary is ;

[0024] The amplitude of a medium-amplitude solitary wave is ;

[0025] The amplitude of a large-amplitude solitary wave is ;

[0026] Where a represents the solitary wave amplitude, and h represents the still water depth. Once the internal wave propagation speed and direction are determined, the time it takes for the internal wave to reach the pier pile can be calculated based on the distance between the profiler and the pier pile.

[0027] Specifically, the floating adaptive built-in pressure valve double-layer rubber anti-collision ring is filled with compressed gas (initial pressure 50-80 kPa) to form a closed air cavity. The buoyancy generated by the volume of the air cavity is balanced with the weight of the anti-collision ring. In order for it to float naturally on the water surface, it must meet the following requirements:

[0028] Where, is the buoyancy of the on-site sea conditions, is the immersed volume of the anti-collision ring, and g is the acceleration due to gravity.

[0029] Specifically, the monitoring subsystem collects various data to quantify the solitary wave impact energy and determines the maximum solitary wave energy E in the sea area. 孤立波 , E 孤立波 The calculation formula is as follows:

[0030] E 孤立波 = E K+ E AP

[0031] Among them, E K is the isolated wave energy, E AP is the effective potential energy of the solitary wave. According to the two-dimensional solitary wave model under the non-hydrostatic approximation condition, the calculation formula is as follows;

[0032] EK =

[0033] The effective potential energy reflects the energy storage caused by density stratification and is calculated as:

[0034] E AP =

[0035] in, is the background seawater density, u is the horizontal velocity component of the solitary wave, w is the vertical velocity component of the solitary wave, H is the water depth, The height of the wave surface lift; is the density disturbance, unit is kg\m 3 , determined by monitoring the temperature and salt profile through the temperature and salt chain, is the integral differential element along the water depth direction, is its horizontal integral differential, is the acceleration due to gravity, z is the spatial coordinate along the water depth direction (the object being integrated);

[0036] The total diameter D of the inner and outer layers of the anti-collision ring required by reverse calculation should meet the following requirements: Where SF is the safety factor, ranging from 2.0 to 3.0;

[0037] C is the equivalent buoyancy coefficient, which is related to the submerged volume of the anti-collision ring and is usually between 0.8 and 1.2;

[0038] L is the solitary wave wavelength,

[0039] is the effective air pressure,

[0040] is the energy absorption efficiency of the material.

[0041] Furthermore, the floating adaptive built-in pressure valve double-layer rubber anti-collision ring includes a rectangular outer rubber layer, an annular inner rubber layer, and a pressure valve arranged between the rectangular outer rubber layer and the annular inner rubber layer;

[0042] The rectangular outer rubber layer is a ring structure formed by sequentially connecting a group of rectangular rubber blocks. The rectangular rubber blocks are sequentially connected on the inner ring, and gaps are formed between the rectangular rubber blocks on the outer ring. The annular inner rubber layer is an overall annular rubber ring. The rectangular outer rubber layer and the annular inner rubber layer can be independently inflated and deflated.

[0043] The pressure valve comprises a group of valves annularly arranged between a rectangular outer rubber layer and an annular inner rubber layer. Each pressure valve comprises a pressure valve cylinder arranged between the rectangular outer rubber layer and the annular inner rubber layer, a valve body located outside the pressure valve cylinder, and a contraction spring located inside the pressure valve cylinder. The contraction spring is compressed and arranged on the inner end face of the valve body. A through channel is provided in the middle of the pressure valve cylinder to connect the inner cavity of the rectangular outer rubber layer and the annular inner rubber layer.

[0044] The valve body is capable of sliding within the through-channel. When the valve body is pushed out by the tension of the contraction spring, it can block the through-channel, preventing the gas from communicating between the rectangular outer rubber layer and the internal cavity of the annular inner rubber layer. When the valve body slides inward under the pressure of the rectangular outer rubber layer, the contraction spring is compressed, and the gas in the rectangular outer rubber layer and the internal cavity of the annular inner rubber layer are now in communication. At the triggering threshold (the pressure threshold can be used to determine the size of the contraction spring inside the pressure valve), the pressure valve cylinder contracts, and the gas in the external rubber layer enters the inner layer through the valve body cavity. Combined with the initial air pressure of the inner layer, it fills the inner layer, causing the inner layer to expand and the outer layer to contract. The outer rubber layer is then more tightly bonded to form a quasi-annular protective structure.

[0045] Furthermore, the rectangular outer rubber layer sets an initial air pressure for absorbing low-intensity wave energy. When the threshold is triggered, the valve body slides inward under the air pressure of the rectangular outer rubber layer, and the gas in the rectangular outer rubber layer enters the annular inner rubber layer through the through channel, and the gas and the initial air pressure of the annular inner rubber layer are combined to fill the inner layer, so that the inner layer expands and the outer layer contracts, and the outer rubber layer is more tightly combined to form a ring-like protective structure; the total energy absorption capacity of the double-layer rubber anti-collision ring of the floating adaptive built-in pressure valve Absorbing energy for the outer layer Absorbing energy with the inner layer sum:

[0046] =

[0047] Where, is the equivalent buoyancy coefficient of the outer rubber layer, is the effective volume of the outer rubber layer, Inflate the outer rubber layer with air pressure, The energy absorption efficiency of the outer rubber layer material; is the equivalent buoyancy coefficient of the inner rubber layer, is the effective volume of the inner rubber layer, Inflate the inner rubber layer with air pressure, Energy absorption efficiency of the inner rubber layer material.

[0048] Furthermore, the initial pressure P of the rectangular outer rubber layer is set 1初始For solitary wave loads with relatively low energy, protection can be provided by relying on the set initial air pressure. If a high-energy solitary wave load is encountered, after the monitoring subsystem captures the solitary wave energy, it is transmitted to the ground computer terminal at the dock for data processing. The control module sends a control signal to the land-based inflation device, and inert gas is injected into the rectangular outer rubber layer under the external pressure gauge (to avoid oxidation reaction and extend the rubber life, especially suitable for high-salinity and high-humidity marine environments). The amount of inert gas injected is adjusted by the pressure gauge. After reaching the P1 required by the solitary wave of this energy, the inflation device is closed. By adjusting P1 and the valve threshold, the air pressure distribution of the entire device is dynamically controlled. After the solitary wave passes, the inflation device is controlled to release excess gas, and the pressure valve is operated to restore P1 and P2 to their initial states. The adjustment is repeated when the next solitary wave passes, so as to achieve a graded response and optimize the energy matching efficiency.

[0049] Furthermore, for the adjusted P1, according to the solitary wave load requirements, taking into full consideration the material fatigue performance, SF is given in the formula for determining the total diameter to ensure that the fatigue life of the material is extended as much as possible while ensuring the total energy absorption Greater than the solitary wave impact energy E 孤立波 The adjusted air pressure and solitary wave load of the rubber layer meet the following formula requirements:

[0050] = >E 孤立波

[0051] in, is the equivalent buoyancy coefficient of the outer rubber layer, is the effective volume of the outer rubber layer, is the initial inflation pressure of the outer rubber layer, The energy absorption efficiency of the outer rubber layer material; is the equivalent buoyancy coefficient of the inner rubber layer, is the effective volume of the inner rubber layer, is the initial inflation pressure of the inner rubber layer, is the energy absorption efficiency of the inner rubber layer material, E 孤立波 is the impact energy of the solitary wave.

[0052] Furthermore, the laying radius R of the coral concrete protective layer and the inner thickness of the protective layer are determined by the following method:

[0053] The laying radius R is:

[0054] R≥2.5D z +

[0055] Where D zis the pile diameter, v is the solitary wave velocity, g is the gravitational acceleration, is the density of seawater, is the density of coral concrete;

[0056] The internal thickness t of the protective layer needs to match the solitary wave impact energy E 孤立波 , satisfying the following formula:

[0057] t≥

[0058] in, is the dynamic compressive strength of coral concrete, A is the cross-sectional area of ​​the pile, It is the energy conversion efficiency, usually ranging from 0.3 to 0.5.

[0059] Beneficial effects:

[0060] (1) The present invention provides a new approach to the systematic monitoring and protection of solitary wave impacts on single piles at docks. A floating acoustic Doppler current profiler (ADCP) observation raft is used to observe the full profile of the ocean current. A high-precision differential GPS is installed on the upper part to correct the velocity observed by the ADCP. In the upstream area of ​​the internal wave flow where the construction vessel is operating, the ADCP and thermohaline chain are used to capture the abnormal gradient changes in the vertical distribution of thermohaline (sudden changes in the thermocline and halocline) to identify the water stratification disturbance characteristics caused by the solitary wave. The KDV theoretical model is used to invert the intensity, position and propagation path of the solitary wave. In the protection system, a new floating adaptive rubber anti-collision ring is used in a bidirectional coupling manner with a coral concrete protective layer. A new floating adaptive built-in pressure valve double-layer rubber anti-collision ring is used. A layered buffer mechanism is used to greatly improve the multi-level energy absorption and dynamic response. Adaptive structural deformation is used to actively match the solitary wave impact characteristics. Combined with the coral concrete protective layer, the solitary wave energy dissipation efficiency is improved, and fatigue resistance and maintenance cost are optimized.

[0061] (2) The monitoring system of the present invention divides solitary waves of different amplitudes and selects appropriate models for inversion, thus saving computing power while meeting the inversion requirements. The new floating adaptive rubber anti-collision ring achieves intelligent response through a preset pressure threshold, activating the inner layer expansion only during high impact, thus avoiding fatigue of the inner layer structure under normal waves.

[0062] (3) The cylindrical structure formed by the expansion of the inner layer of the novel floating adaptive rubber anti-collision ring of the present invention can increase the contact area between the anti-collision ring and the solitary wave, converting the point-like impact force into a surface distribution (similar to "using a surface to resist a point"), and reducing the local pressure. The design of the inner rubber layer of the floating adaptive rubber anti-collision ring is not completely filled with gas, allowing it to adaptively adjust the immersion depth through buoyancy during expansion, always aligning the core protection area (inner layer) with the maximum impact position of the solitary wave.

[0063] (4) The outer layer of the floating adaptive rubber anti-collision ring of the present invention bears conventional small impacts, and the inner layer only works under high-energy solitary waves, which greatly reduces the frequency of use of the inner layer material and extends the overall life. After the impact, the inner layer gas can flow back to the outer layer through the pressure valve, and the structural morphology automatically resets to avoid permanent deformation accumulation.

[0064] (5) The anti-collision ring and the coral concrete protective layer are coupled to form a multi-path energy dissipation mechanism of "material elastic deformation + gas compression + structural deformation". Gas flow and structural deformation require time. This invention can prolong the impact of solitary waves and reduce the instantaneous impact peak. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0065] The present invention will be further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments, and the above and / or other advantages of the present invention will become more apparent.

[0066] Figure 1 It is an overall schematic diagram of the solitary wave monitoring and protection integrated system applicable to a single pile at a dock according to the present invention.

[0067] Figure 2 This is a structural diagram of the double-layer rubber anti-collision ring of the floating adaptive built-in pressure valve.

[0068] Figure 3 It is a schematic diagram of the internal structure of the pressure valve.

[0069] Wherein, each reference numeral represents:

[0070] 1-Floating adaptive built-in pressure valve with double-layer rubber anti-collision ring; 2-Coral concrete protective layer; 3-Acoustic Doppler current profiler; 4-High-precision differential GPS; 5-Thermohaline chain; 6-Wharf; 7-Monopile;

[0071] 1-1: rectangular outer rubber layer; 1-2: annular inner rubber layer; 1-3: pressure valve;

[0072] 1-3-1: Valve body; 1-3-2: Pressure valve cylinder; 1-3-3: Contraction spring. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0073] The present invention can be better understood with reference to the following examples.

[0074] like Figure 1 As shown, the present invention is applicable to a solitary wave monitoring and protection integrated system for a single pile at a dock, comprising a monitoring subsystem, a protection subsystem and a terminal control subsystem;

[0075] The protection subsystem includes a coral concrete protective layer 2 cast at the bottom of the monopile 7, and a floating, adaptive, double-layer rubber anti-collision ring 1 with a built-in pressure valve mounted on the outside of the monopile 7. It adopts a layered buffer mechanism to greatly improve multi-level energy absorption and dynamic response, adaptive structural deformation, and active matching of solitary wave impact characteristics. Combined with the coral concrete protective layer, it achieves improved solitary wave energy dissipation efficiency, fatigue resistance, and maintenance cost optimization.

[0076] The monitoring subsystem includes an observation raft for observing ocean currents and a thermohaline chain 5 for identifying the characteristics of water stratification disturbances caused by solitary waves. The observation raft is equipped with a 75k acoustic Doppler current profiler 3 (ADCP) and a high-precision differential GPS device 4. The terminal control subsystem includes a computer terminal for receiving and processing data, as well as a control module. The acoustic Doppler current profiler 3 transmits data to the computer terminal in real time via a transmission cable for identifying and extracting internal waves and currents. The high-precision differential GPS device 4 transmits data to the computer terminal in real time via a transmission cable to correct for current observation errors caused by changes in the float position. The thermohaline chain 5 transmits data to the computer terminal in real time via a transmission cable. Using the ADCP and thermohaline chain, the system captures abnormal gradient changes in the vertical distribution of thermohaline (sudden changes in the thermocline and halocline layers) to identify the characteristics of water stratification disturbances caused by solitary waves and uses the KDV theoretical model to invert the intensity, position, and propagation path of the solitary waves.

[0077] The control module is connected to the protection subsystem and is used for controlling the inflation and deflation of the floating self-adaptive built-in pressure valve double-layer rubber anti-collision ring 1 in real time.

[0078] Specifically, the monitoring data collection interval of the monitoring subsystem is related to the distance between the measuring point and the single pile position, the solitary wave propagation velocity, the data transmission time, the data processing time, and the control inflation time, namely:

[0079] ;

[0080] Where; The total time required to complete the entire system operation;

[0081] is the data acquisition time, which is related to the sampling frequency;

[0082] The time required to transmit data;

[0083] The time required to process the data for ground use;

[0084] To control the time required for inflation;

[0085] is the actual solitary wave propagation time to the single pile of the pier;

[0086] Wave speed and location distance affect propagation time ;

[0087] The data collection interval is set to 0.5s~1s.

[0088] Specifically, the time it takes for a solitary wave to reach a single pile at the pier is determined by the distance between the profiler and the single pile at the pier and the propagation speed of the solitary wave.

[0089] =S / u

[0090] in, is the actual solitary wave propagation time to the pier pile, S is the distance between the acoustic Doppler current profiler and the pier pile, and u is the horizontal velocity component of the solitary wave;

[0091] Among them, the small amplitude solitary wave is evolved using the kdv model, the medium amplitude solitary wave is evolved using the ekdv model, and the large amplitude solitary wave is evolved using the mkdv model. The vertical velocity component w, the horizontal velocity component u and the actual solitary wave amplitude are calculated.

[0092] Among them, the amplitude of the small amplitude solitary is ;

[0093] The amplitude of a medium-amplitude solitary wave is ;

[0094] The amplitude of a large-amplitude solitary wave is ;

[0095] Where a represents the solitary wave amplitude and h represents the still water depth of the sea surface.

[0096] Once the propagation speed and direction of the internal wave are determined, the time it takes for the internal wave to propagate to the pier pile can be calculated based on the distance between the profiler and the pier pile.

[0097] Specifically, the floating adaptive built-in pressure valve double-layer rubber anti-collision ring 1 is filled with compressed gas to form a closed air cavity. The buoyancy generated by the volume of the air cavity is balanced with the weight of the anti-collision ring. In order for it to float naturally on the water surface, the following conditions must be met:

[0098] Where, is the buoyancy of the on-site sea conditions, is the immersed volume of the anti-collision ring, and g is the acceleration due to gravity.

[0099] Specifically, the monitoring subsystem collects various data to quantify the solitary wave impact energy and determines the maximum solitary wave energy E in the sea area. 孤立波 , E 孤立波 The calculation formula is as follows:

[0100] E 孤立波 = E K+ E AP

[0101] Among them, E K is the isolated wave energy, E AP is the effective potential energy of the solitary wave. According to the two-dimensional solitary wave model under the non-hydrostatic approximation condition, the calculation formula is as follows;

[0102] E K =

[0103] The effective potential energy reflects the energy storage caused by density stratification and is calculated as:

[0104] E AP =

[0105] in, is the background seawater density, u is the horizontal velocity component of the solitary wave, w is the vertical velocity component of the solitary wave, H is the water depth, The height of the wave surface lift; is the density disturbance, unit is kg\m 3 , determined by monitoring the temperature and salt profile through the temperature and salt chain, is the integral differential element along the water depth direction, is its horizontal integral differential, is the acceleration due to gravity, z is the spatial coordinate along the water depth direction (the object being integrated);

[0106] The total diameter D of the inner and outer layers of the anti-collision ring required by reverse calculation should meet the following requirements: Where SF is the safety factor, ranging from 2.0 to 3.0;

[0107] C is the equivalent buoyancy coefficient, which is related to the submerged volume of the anti-collision ring and is usually between 0.8 and 1.2;

[0108] L is the solitary wave wavelength,

[0109] is the effective air pressure,

[0110] is the energy absorption efficiency of the material.

[0111] Furthermore, if Figure 2 As shown, the floating adaptive built-in pressure valve double-layer rubber anti-collision ring 1 includes a rectangular outer rubber layer 1-1, an annular inner rubber layer 1-2, and a pressure valve 1-3 arranged between the rectangular outer rubber layer 1-1 and the annular inner rubber layer 1-2.

[0112] The rectangular outer rubber layer 1-1 is a ring structure formed by connecting a group of rectangular rubber blocks in sequence. The rectangular rubber blocks are connected in sequence on the inner ring, and gaps are formed between the rectangular rubber blocks on the outer ring. The annular inner rubber layer 1-2 is an overall annular rubber ring. The rectangular outer rubber layer 1-1 and the annular inner rubber layer 1-2 can be inflated and deflated independently.

[0113] like Figure 3 As shown, the pressure valve 1-3 includes a group of annularly arranged between a rectangular outer rubber layer 1-1 and an annular inner rubber layer 1-2, each pressure valve 1-3 includes a pressure valve cylinder 1-3-2 arranged between the rectangular outer rubber layer 1-1 and the annular inner rubber layer 1-2, a valve body 1-3-1 located outside the pressure valve cylinder 1-3-2, and a contraction spring 1-3-3 located inside the pressure valve cylinder 1-3-2, the contraction spring 1-3-3 is compressed and arranged on the inner end surface of the valve body 1-3-1; a through channel is provided in the middle of the pressure valve cylinder 1-3-2 to connect the internal cavities of the rectangular outer rubber layer 1-1 and the annular inner rubber layer 1-2;

[0114] The valve body 1-3-1 is capable of sliding within the through-channel. When the valve body 1-3-1 is pushed out by the tension of the contraction spring 1-3-3, it can block the through-channel, blocking the gas communication between the rectangular outer rubber layer 1-1 and the internal cavity of the annular inner rubber layer 1-2. When the valve body 1-3-1 is pushed inward by the air pressure of the rectangular outer rubber layer 1-1, the contraction spring 1-3-3 is compressed, and the gas communication between the internal cavity of the rectangular outer rubber layer 1-1 and the internal cavity of the annular inner rubber layer 1-2 is achieved. When the trigger threshold (the pressure threshold can be used to determine the size of the contraction spring inside the pressure valve) is reached, the pressure valve cylinder contracts, and the gas in the external rubber layer enters the inner layer through the valve body cavity. Combined with the initial air pressure of the inner layer, it fills the inner layer, causing the inner layer to expand and the outer layer to contract. The outer rubber layer is more tightly combined to form a ring-like protective structure.

[0115] Furthermore, the rectangular outer rubber layer 1-1 sets an initial air pressure for absorbing low-intensity wave energy. When the threshold is triggered, the valve body 1-3-1 slides inwardly under the air pressure of the rectangular outer rubber layer 1-1, and the gas in the rectangular outer rubber layer 1-1 enters the annular inner rubber layer 1-2 through the through channel, and the gas and the initial air pressure of the annular inner rubber layer 1-2 are combined to fill the inner layer, so that the inner layer expands and the outer layer contracts, and the outer rubber layer is more tightly combined to form a ring-like protective structure; the total energy absorption capacity of the floating adaptive built-in pressure valve double-layer rubber anti-collision ring 1 Absorbing energy for the outer layer Absorbing energy with the inner layer sum:

[0116] =

[0117] Where, is the equivalent buoyancy coefficient of the outer rubber layer, is the effective volume of the outer rubber layer, Inflate the outer rubber layer with air pressure, The energy absorption efficiency of the outer rubber layer material; is the equivalent buoyancy coefficient of the inner rubber layer, is the effective volume of the inner rubber layer, Inflate the inner rubber layer with air pressure, Energy absorption efficiency of the inner rubber layer material.

[0118] Furthermore, the initial pressure P of the rectangular outer rubber layer 1-1 is set 1初始 For solitary wave loads with relatively low energy, protection can be provided by relying on the set initial air pressure. If a solitary wave load with high energy is encountered, after the monitoring subsystem captures the solitary wave energy, it is transmitted to the ground computer terminal at the dock for data processing. The control module sends a control signal to the land-based inflation device, and inert gas is injected into the rectangular outer rubber layer 1-1 under the external pressure gauge (to avoid oxidation reaction and extend the rubber life, especially suitable for high salinity and high humidity marine environments). The amount of inert gas injected is adjusted by the pressure gauge. After reaching the P1 required by the solitary wave of this energy, the inflation device is closed. By adjusting P1 and the valve threshold, the air pressure distribution of the entire device is dynamically controlled. After the solitary wave passes, the inflation device is controlled to release excess gas, and the pressure valve is operated to restore P1 and P2 to their initial states. The adjustment is repeated when the next solitary wave passes, so as to achieve a graded response and optimize the energy matching efficiency.

[0119] Furthermore, for the adjusted P1, according to the solitary wave load requirements, taking into full consideration the material fatigue performance, SF is given in the formula for determining the total diameter to ensure that the fatigue life of the material is extended as much as possible while ensuring the total energy absorption Greater than the solitary wave impact energy E 孤立波 The adjusted air pressure and solitary wave load of the rubber layer meet the following formula requirements:

[0120] = >E 孤立波

[0121] in, is the equivalent buoyancy coefficient of the outer rubber layer, is the effective volume of the outer rubber layer, is the initial inflation pressure of the outer rubber layer, The energy absorption efficiency of the outer rubber layer material; is the equivalent buoyancy coefficient of the inner rubber layer, is the effective volume of the inner rubber layer, is the initial inflation pressure of the inner rubber layer, is the energy absorption efficiency of the inner rubber layer material, E 孤立波 is the impact energy of the solitary wave.

[0122] Furthermore, the laying radius R of the coral concrete protective layer 2 and the inner thickness of the protective layer are determined by the following method:

[0123] The laying radius R is:

[0124] R≥2.5D z +

[0125] Where D z is the pile diameter, v is the solitary wave velocity, g is the gravitational acceleration, is the density of seawater, is the density of coral concrete;

[0126] The internal thickness t of the protective layer needs to match the solitary wave impact energy E 孤立波 , satisfying the following formula:

[0127] t≥

[0128] in, is the dynamic compressive strength of coral concrete, A is the cross-sectional area of ​​the pile, It is the energy conversion efficiency, usually ranging from 0.3 to 0.5.

[0129] Due to the frequent solitary wave activity in the South my country Sea, a single pile at a coastal pier in the South China Sea was used as an example. This invention addresses solitary wave impacts on the pier piles through integrated monitoring and prevention. A monitoring system utilizing an ADCP and a temperature-salinity chain can control one or more floating, adaptive, double-layer rubber anti-collision rings with built-in pressure valves. A coral concrete protective layer is placed at the lower end. This multi-stage structure achieves graded energy dispersion, completing the entire process from monitoring to protection against solitary waves.

[0130] Compared to a single rubber fender, this design offers significant advantages in energy absorption efficiency, offset ratio, and fatigue life. The proposed dual-layer structure (an outer layer of gas-filled rubber and an inner layer of adaptively suspended rubber) achieves more efficient energy dissipation through the synergistic effect of the inner and outer layers. When the impact force is high, the outer layer's gas is squeezed into the inner layer, causing the rubber to expand into a cylindrical shape, further absorbing the impact force. Calculations based on actual parameters show that this solution can improve energy absorption efficiency by 10%-30%. By adaptively adjusting the inner and outer layer structures, the new fender can increase the offset ratio from 62% in traditional single-rubber fenders to 70%-90%. For example, in high-impact scenarios, the expansion of the inner rubber layer further disperses the impact force, while the contraction of the outer layer reduces the direct contact area, thereby reducing energy transfer efficiency. Furthermore, the partially filled inner layer reduces material fatigue, extending service life and indirectly improving long-term protection. Fixed rubber fenders are prone to fatigue cracking under long-term stress, leading to performance degradation. For example, the fatigue life of a general rubber anti-collision device is usually 5-10 years. The double-layer rubber suspension structure and outer gas filling design of the present invention can reduce continuous pressure and lower the material fatigue rate. The dynamic adjustment of the pressure valve can avoid overload and extend the overall service life to 15-20 years.

[0131] A coral concrete protective layer is installed below the horizontal surface. When solitary waves pass through the pores, the fluid forms secondary flows and microscale vortices (approximately 1-10 cm in diameter) within the pores, converting kinetic energy into thermal energy. The pore structure causes different frequency components of the solitary wave to propagate at different velocities (a dispersion effect), weakening the synchronous superposition of wave pressures. The coral concrete protective layer can reduce peak surface pressure on the pile by 30%-50% and shift the dominant frequency of pressure pulsation to higher frequencies. Coral concrete with a porosity of 30% can increase the solitary wave energy attenuation rate to 40%-60%. Some of the wave energy is reflected at the pore interfaces, interfering with the original wave in phase, resulting in a maximum wave attenuation efficiency of 55%. Coral concrete blocks achieve multi-scale dissipation of solitary wave energy through the triple mechanisms of turbulent dissipation, phase interference, and vortex breaking induced by their pore structure. Their porous nature not only reduces peak wave pressure but also significantly suppresses localized scour around the pile by dispersing bottom shear stress and breaking up scour vortices.

[0132] The present invention provides a concept and method for an integrated solitary wave monitoring and protection system applicable to monopiles at docks. Numerous methods and approaches exist for implementing this technical solution. The foregoing description is merely a preferred embodiment of the present invention. It should be noted that those skilled in the art may make various improvements and modifications without departing from the principles of the present invention, and such improvements and modifications are also within the scope of protection of the present invention. Components not specified in this embodiment may be implemented using existing technologies.

Claims

1. A solitary wave monitoring and protection integrated system suitable for single piles at docks, characterized by: Including monitoring subsystem, protection subsystem and terminal control subsystem; The protection subsystem comprises a coral concrete protection layer (2) cast at the bottom of the monopile (7), and a floating self-adaptive built-in pressure valve double-layer rubber anti-collision ring (1) sleeved on the outside of the monopile (7); The monitoring subsystem includes an observation raft for observing ocean currents, and a thermohaline chain (5) for identifying water stratification disturbance characteristics caused by solitary waves; the observation raft is equipped with an acoustic Doppler current profiler (3) and a high-precision differential GPS instrument (4); the terminal control subsystem includes a computer terminal for data reception and processing, and a control module; the acoustic Doppler current profiler (3) transmits data to the computer terminal in real time via a transmission cable for identification and extraction of internal wave currents; the high-precision differential GPS instrument (4) transmits data to the computer terminal in real time via a transmission cable for correction of velocity observation errors caused by changes in the position of the float; the thermohaline chain (5) transmits data to the computer terminal in real time via a transmission cable, and identifies water stratification disturbance characteristics caused by solitary waves by capturing abnormal gradient changes in the vertical distribution of thermohaline; the monitoring subsystem uses a KDV theoretical model to invert the intensity, position and propagation path of the solitary wave; The control module is connected to the protection subsystem and is used for real-time control of the inflation and deflation of the floating self-adaptive built-in pressure valve double-layer rubber anti-collision ring (1).

2. The solitary wave monitoring and protection integrated system for dock monopiles according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The monitoring data collection interval of the monitoring subsystem is related to the distance between the measuring point and the single pile position, the solitary wave propagation velocity, the data transmission time, the data processing time, and the control inflation time, namely: ； Where; The total time required to complete the entire system operation; is the data acquisition time, which is related to the sampling frequency; The time required to transmit data; The time required to process the data for ground use; To control the time required for inflation; is the actual solitary wave propagation time to the single pile of the pier; Wave speed and location distance affect propagation time ; The data collection interval is set to 0.5s~1s.

3. The solitary wave monitoring and protection integrated system for dock monopiles according to claim 2 is characterized in that: The time it takes for the solitary wave to reach the single pile of the pier is determined by the distance between the profiler and the single pile of the pier and the propagation speed of the solitary wave. =S / u in, is the actual solitary wave propagation time to the pier pile, S is the distance between the acoustic Doppler current profiler and the pier pile, and u is the horizontal velocity component of the solitary wave; Among them, the small amplitude solitary wave is evolved using the kdv model, the medium amplitude solitary wave is evolved using the ekdv model, and the large amplitude solitary wave is evolved using the mkdv model. The vertical velocity component w, the horizontal velocity component u and the actual solitary wave amplitude are calculated. Among them, the amplitude of the small amplitude solitary is ; The amplitude of a medium-amplitude solitary wave is ; The amplitude of a large-amplitude solitary wave is ; Where a represents the solitary wave amplitude and h represents the still water depth of the sea surface.

4. The solitary wave monitoring and protection integrated system for dock monopiles according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The floating self-adaptive double-layer rubber anti-collision ring (1) with built-in pressure valve is filled with compressed gas to form a closed air cavity. The buoyancy generated by the volume of the air cavity is balanced with the weight of the anti-collision ring. In order for it to float naturally on the water surface, the following conditions should be met: Where, is the buoyancy of the on-site sea conditions, is the immersed volume of the anti-collision ring, and g is the acceleration due to gravity.

5. The solitary wave monitoring and protection integrated system applicable to dock monopiles according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The monitoring subsystem collects various data to quantify the solitary wave impact energy and determines the maximum solitary wave energy E in the sea area. 孤立波 , E 孤立波 The calculation formula is as follows: AND 孤立波 = And K+ AND AP ; Among them, E K is the isolated wave energy, E AP is the effective potential energy of the solitary wave. According to the two-dimensional solitary wave model under the non-hydrostatic approximation condition, the calculation formula is as follows; E K = ； The effective potential energy reflects the energy storage caused by density stratification and is calculated as: E AP = ； in, is the background seawater density, u is the horizontal velocity component of the solitary wave, w is the vertical velocity component of the solitary wave, H is the water depth, The height of the wave surface lift; is the density disturbance, unit is kg\m 3 , determined by monitoring the temperature and salt profile through the temperature and salt chain, is the integral differential element along the water depth direction, is its horizontal integral differential, is the acceleration due to gravity, z is the spatial coordinate along the water depth direction (the object being integrated); The total diameter D of the inner and outer layers of the anti-collision ring required by reverse calculation should meet the following requirements: Where SF is the safety factor, ranging from 2.0 to 3.0; C is the equivalent buoyancy coefficient, which is related to the submerged volume of the anti-collision ring and is usually between 0.8 and 1.2; L is the solitary wave wavelength, is the effective air pressure, is the energy absorption efficiency of the material.

6. The solitary wave monitoring and protection integrated system for dock monopiles according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The floating self-adaptive built-in pressure valve double-layer rubber anti-collision ring (1) comprises a rectangular outer rubber layer (1-1), an annular inner rubber layer (1-2), and a pressure valve (1-3) arranged between the rectangular outer rubber layer (1-1) and the annular inner rubber layer (1-2); The rectangular outer rubber layer (1-1) is a ring structure formed by sequentially connecting a group of rectangular rubber blocks, wherein the rectangular rubber blocks are sequentially connected on the inner ring and gaps are formed between the rectangular rubber blocks on the outer ring; the ring-shaped inner rubber layer (1-2) is a rubber ring in the form of an entire ring; the rectangular outer rubber layer (1-1) and the ring-shaped inner rubber layer (1-2) can be independently inflated and deflated; The pressure valve (1-3) comprises a group of components annularly arranged between a rectangular outer rubber layer (1-1) and an annular inner rubber layer (1-2), each pressure valve (1-3) comprising a pressure valve cylinder (1-3-2) arranged between the rectangular outer rubber layer (1-1) and the annular inner rubber layer (1-2), a valve body (1-3-1) located outside the pressure valve cylinder (1-3-2), and a contraction spring (1-3-3) located inside the pressure valve cylinder (1-3-2), wherein the contraction spring (1-3-3) is compressed and arranged on the inner end surface of the valve body (1-3-1); a through channel is provided in the middle of the pressure valve cylinder (1-3-2) to connect the inner cavities of the rectangular outer rubber layer (1-1) and the annular inner rubber layer (1-2); The valve body (1-3-1) can slide in the through-channel. When the valve body (1-3-1) is pushed out under the tension of the contraction spring (1-3-3), it can block the through-channel and block the gas communication between the internal cavities of the rectangular outer rubber layer (1-1) and the annular inner rubber layer (1-2). When the valve body (1-3-1) is pushed inward by the air pressure of the rectangular outer rubber layer (1-1), the contraction spring (1-3-3) is compressed, and at this time, the gas communication between the internal cavities of the rectangular outer rubber layer (1-1) and the annular inner rubber layer (1-2) is achieved.

7. The integrated solitary wave monitoring and protection system for dock monopiles according to claim 6 is characterized in that: The rectangular outer rubber layer (1-1) is set with an initial air pressure for absorbing low-intensity wave energy. When the threshold is triggered, the valve body (1-3-1) slides inwards under the air pressure of the rectangular outer rubber layer (1-1). The gas in the rectangular outer rubber layer (1-1) enters the annular inner rubber layer (1-2) through the through-channel and fills the inner layer together with the initial air pressure of the annular inner rubber layer (1-2), so that the inner layer expands and the outer layer contracts. The outer rubber layer is more tightly combined to form a ring-like protective structure. The total energy absorption capacity of the double-layer rubber anti-collision ring (1) of the floating adaptive built-in pressure valve is Absorbing energy for the outer layer Absorbing energy with the inner layer sum: = ； Where, is the equivalent buoyancy coefficient of the outer rubber layer, is the effective volume of the outer rubber layer, Inflate the outer rubber layer with air pressure, The energy absorption efficiency of the outer rubber layer material; is the equivalent buoyancy coefficient of the inner rubber layer, is the effective volume of the inner rubber layer, Inflate the inner rubber layer with air pressure, Energy absorption efficiency of the inner rubber layer material.

8. The solitary wave monitoring and protection integrated system for dock monopiles according to claim 7 is characterized in that: The initial air pressure P set for the rectangular outer rubber layer (1-1) 1初始 For solitary wave loads with relatively low energy, protection can be provided by relying on the set initial air pressure. If a solitary wave load with high energy is encountered, after the monitoring subsystem captures the solitary wave energy, it is transmitted to the ground computer terminal of the dock for data processing. The control module sends a control signal to the land-based inflation device, and inert gas is injected into the rectangular outer rubber layer (1-1) under the external air pressure gauge. The amount of inert gas injected is adjusted by the air pressure gauge. After reaching the P1 required by the solitary wave of this energy, the inflation device is closed. By adjusting P1 and the valve threshold, the air pressure distribution of the entire device is dynamically controlled. After the solitary wave passes, the inflation device is controlled to release excess gas, and the pressure valve is operated to restore P1 and P2 to their initial states. The adjustment is repeated when the next solitary wave passes, so as to achieve a graded response and optimize the energy matching efficiency.

9. The solitary wave monitoring and protection integrated system applicable to dock monopiles according to claim 8 is characterized in that: For the adjusted P1, according to the solitary wave load requirements, the fatigue performance of the material is fully considered, and SF is given in the formula for determining the total diameter to ensure that the fatigue life of the material is extended as much as possible while ensuring the total energy absorption. Greater than the solitary wave impact energy E 孤立波 The adjusted air pressure and solitary wave load of the rubber layer meet the following formula requirements: = ＞E 孤立波 ； in, is the equivalent buoyancy coefficient of the outer rubber layer, is the effective volume of the outer rubber layer, is the initial inflation pressure of the outer rubber layer, The energy absorption efficiency of the outer rubber layer material; is the equivalent buoyancy coefficient of the inner rubber layer, is the effective volume of the inner rubber layer, is the initial inflation pressure of the inner rubber layer, is the energy absorption efficiency of the inner rubber layer material, E 孤立波 is the impact energy of the solitary wave.

10. The integrated solitary wave monitoring and protection system for dock monopiles according to claim 5 is characterized in that: The laying radius R of the coral concrete protective layer (2) and the internal thickness of the protective layer are determined as follows: The laying radius R is: R≥2.5D z + ; Where D z is the pile diameter, v is the solitary wave velocity, g is the gravitational acceleration, is the density of seawater, is the density of coral concrete; The internal thickness t of the protective layer needs to match the solitary wave impact energy E 孤立波 , satisfying the following formula: t≥ ； in, is the dynamic compressive strength of coral concrete, A is the cross-sectional area of ​​the pile, It is the energy conversion efficiency, usually ranging from 0.3 to 0.5.

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