Lining layer waterproof structure and construction method

Abstract

The invention discloses a lining layer waterproof structure and a construction method, and belongs to the technical field of tunnel waterproof structures.The lining layer waterproof structure comprises a primary supporting layer and a tunnel lining layer, the tunnel lining layer comprises an inverted arch structure and a lining structure, and a semi-annular drainage interlayer is formed between the primary supporting layer and the lining structure; a plurality of adjacent and flush supporting arch pieces and the upper supporting structure are tied and fixed through hanging pull rods, all the supporting arch pieces form an arch body, a pervious concrete layer is formed between the supporting arch pieces and the upper supporting structure in a filling mode, and at least one drainage blind ditch is formed between the lower supporting structure and a waterproof layer located below the inverted arch structure. A plurality of drainage floor drains are arranged in the drainage interlayer, the drainage floor drains are communicated to the drainage blind ditches through drainage pipes embedded in the lower supporting structure, the construction method of the lining layer waterproof structure is disclosed, the technical difficulty of pervious concrete construction on the tunnel arch wall is overcome, and the matching of material characteristics and the construction method is achieved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the field of tunnel waterproof structures, and more particularly to a lining waterproof structure and a construction method thereof. Background Art

[0002] Currently, tunnel engineering drainage systems primarily implement a "drainage-focused, combined with drainage" model. The core of this approach is to lay a waterproof layer between the primary support and the secondary lining, and to form a drainage network with circumferential and longitudinal blind pipes to collect leaking water and drain it into ditches at the bottom of the tunnel. However, this system is highly dependent on the smooth flow of blind pipes. In actual projects, blind pipes are easily clogged by cement slurry intrusion, calcium crystallization, or accumulation of particulate matter, causing the tunnel's drainage efficiency to significantly decrease with service time. Once the blind pipes fail, hydrostatic pressure will accumulate behind the lining structure, increasing the risk of leakage and, in cold regions, causing severe frost heave damage. The frost heave force directly acts on the lining structure, causing cracking and spalling of the concrete. Furthermore, in highly corrosive environments, if salt- or sulfide-rich water remains for a long time, it will continuously corrode the concrete and internal steel bars, posing a serious threat to the long-term durability of the tunnel structure.

[0003] To enhance the integrity of the lining structure and improve the stress state, the industry has explored the technical solution of setting up a rigid or semi-rigid interlayer between the primary support structure and the lining structure. This type of interlayer can evenly transfer the load and at the same time provide a protective covering for the blind pipe. However, this concept faces construction challenges in actual application. The working space in the tunnel is limited and the environment is complex. Under these conditions, it is quite difficult to construct a interlayer between an irregular primary support surface and the lining structure.

[0004] As a functional material, permeable concrete has been widely used in permeable pavements, slope protection and other projects in sponge cities due to its excellent permeability brought by its continuous pore structure. The permeable concrete structure has an internal through-hole network, which allows water to penetrate horizontally inside the material and discharge smoothly. In order to achieve the high permeability of permeable concrete, the amount of cementitious materials used is relatively low, and the mixture is dry and hard. The permeable concrete material directly exhibits extremely low or even zero slump and almost no fluidity, which makes the construction method of permeable concrete extremely limited. It is usually limited to on-site paving, compaction or rolling after mixing, and cannot be used at all in the tunnel shotcrete process that requires materials with good sprayability, cohesion and water retention. The contradiction between the material properties and construction technology of permeable concrete hinders the application of permeable concrete as an ideal drainage protective layer behind the tunnel lining.

[0005] Therefore, it is necessary to propose a lining waterproof structure and construction method that can be effectively applied to various tunnel scenarios and achieve efficient and reliable drainage. Summary of the Invention

[0006] An object of the present invention is to provide a lining waterproof structure and construction method that are effectively applicable to various tunnel scenarios and have efficient and reliable drainage.

[0007] In order to achieve these purposes and other advantages according to the present invention, in the first aspect, the present invention provides a lining layer waterproof structure, including a primary supporting layer and a tunnel lining layer, the tunnel lining layer including an inverted arch structure and a lining structure, and the tunnel lining layer is covered with a complete waterproof layer; the primary supporting layer includes an upper supporting structure and a lower supporting structure, a plurality of suspension rods are anchored in a matrix in the upper supporting structure, one end of the suspension rod passes through the upper supporting structure, and the lower supporting structure extends into the tunnel to form a protrusion, the protrusion is close to the junction of the lower supporting structure and the upper supporting structure, and a semi-annular drainage interlayer is formed between the protrusion, the upper supporting structure and the waterproof layer; a plurality of adjacent and flush supporting arch pieces Each supporting arch piece is tied and fixed to the upper supporting structure by a suspending rod, and all supporting arch pieces form an arch body in the drainage interlayer, and the supporting arch piece includes a supporting plate that matches the shape of and is opposite to the upper supporting structure, a permeable concrete layer is filled between the supporting plate and the upper supporting structure, and a transition layer is formed between the supporting plate and the waterproof layer; at least one drainage blind ditch is arranged between the lower supporting structure and the waterproof layer under the inverted arch structure, and a plurality of drainage floor drains are arranged on the surface of the protrusion on the side of the permeable concrete layer, and a drainage pipe buried in the lower supporting structure is connected under the drainage floor drain, and the other end of the drainage pipe passes through the lower supporting structure and is connected to the drainage blind ditch.

[0008] Preferably, one end of the drain pipe extends from the protrusion into the drainage interlayer, and the drainage floor drain includes a pipe mouth fixing part and a cover body, the pipe mouth fixing part is sleeved on the end of the drain pipe, and the cover body is connected to the outside of the pipe mouth fixing part, and the cover body is a cylindrical shell or a conical shell with a plurality of holes.

[0009] Preferably, a mortar layer is laid on the protrusion, and the lower part of the cover body is buried in the mortar layer.

[0010] Preferably, the transition layer is a fine stone concrete spraying layer or an anti-seepage mortar plastering layer.

[0011] Preferably, two drainage blind ditches are provided between the inner side wall of the lower supporting structure and the waterproof layer under the inverted arch structure, a drainage main is provided in the drainage blind ditch, the drainage pipe is connected to the drainage main, the drainage main and the drainage pipe are covered with a circle of gravel filling layer on the outside, the gravel filling layer is covered with a permeable geotextile, and the permeable geotextile is fixed to the lower supporting structure by multiple rows of anchor nails.

[0012] Preferably, the waterproof layer includes a lower waterproof layer and an upper waterproof layer, the upper waterproof layer is fixed to the inner wall of the transition layer, the lower waterproof layer is laid on the upper part of the lower supporting structure and the drainage blind ditch, and both side edges extend upward from the inverted arch structure and form an overlap with the upper waterproof layer above.

[0013] Preferably, the supporting arch also includes a fixing sleeve corresponding to the suspension rod one by one, the protruding end of the suspension rod is provided with a thread, the suspension rod passes through the fixing sleeve and is fixed to the fixing sleeve by a nut, and strip-shaped ribs are connected between any two adjacent fixing sleeves, and the grid structure formed by the combination of all ribs is connected to the support plate, and the rib structure, fixing sleeve and nut located on the side of the support plate close to the lining structure are buried in the transition layer.

[0014] Preferably, the support plate is a plurality of perforated plate bodies, and support bars are provided on both sides of the rib plate. Each support plate is matched and arranged in a grid partition formed by a plurality of rib plates. The side of the support plate close to the lining structure abuts against the support bar, and the support plate and the rib plate are fixed by winding metal wire.

[0015] In a second aspect, the present invention provides a construction method for a lining layer waterproof structure, which is applied to the above-mentioned lining layer waterproof structure and comprises the following steps: S1. When installing the anchor cables and steel structure of the upper support structure, position the tie rod inside the steel structure of the upper support structure, wrap the extended end of the tie rod, and spray concrete to complete the construction of the upper support structure; S2. Excavate the rock mass of the next construction section to form a construction space for the lower support structure, tie the steel bars of the lower support structure and pre-embed the drainage pipes, support the formwork and cast the lower support structure of the construction section; S3. After the lower supporting structure reaches 75% strength, a drainage blind ditch is constructed on it and the drainage pipe is connected to the drainage blind ditch through a pipe. The lower waterproof layer is fully laid on the drainage blind ditch and related pipes, and the lower waterproof layer is fixed to the inner wall of the lower supporting structure. S4. Install the steel bars of the inverted arch structure, support the formwork and cast the inverted arch structure of the completed construction section; S5. Install a drainage floor drain at the exposed end of the drainage pipe and seal the gap between the drainage floor drain and the protruding portion; S6. Mix permeable concrete and install supporting arch pieces row by row from bottom to top. After each row of supporting arch pieces is installed, fill the supporting arch pieces and the upper supporting structure with permeable concrete plugs, vibrate and compact, and sprinkle water for curing. After the supporting arch pieces at the arch top are filled with permeable concrete layers on both sides, install and fill the permeable concrete piece by piece starting from the previous construction section until all permeable concrete layers are completed. S7. Construct a transition layer and bury all supporting arch pieces in the transition layer; S8. Fix the upper waterproof layer and complete the reinforcement binding of the lining structure; S9. The lining trolley enters the site to complete the construction of the lining structure.

[0016] Preferably, in step S2, a steel formwork is set on the inner side of the protrusion along its entire length, the top edge of the steel formwork is higher than the designed position of the protrusion, a reserved pipe hole is opened on the steel formwork for passing the drainage pipe through, one side surface of the steel formwork is cast integrally with the protrusion, and the other side of the steel formwork is used as a formwork for the inverted arch structure.

[0017] The present invention has at least the following beneficial effects: First, the present invention combines a permeable concrete layer, drainage floor drains, and drainage blind ditches into a three-dimensional integrated drainage system, eliminating the reliance on traditional circumferential and longitudinal drainage blind pipes that are prone to clogging. Seepage water is directly directed into the permeable concrete layer for drainage, avoiding the risk of traditional blind pipes failing due to impurity accumulation and cement scaling. Under the action of gravity, the seepage water flows smoothly along the permeable concrete layer, ultimately collecting through the drainage floor drains and being discharged through the pre-buried drainage blind ditch. This drainage model, which replaces lines with surfaces, greatly improves the reliability and long-term stability of tunnel drainage. Second, the present invention is suitable for harsh geological environments such as severe cold and high corrosion. The high porosity and strong drainage capacity of the permeable concrete layer can quickly drain moisture from the outside of the lining structure, greatly reducing the amount of freezable water, thereby effectively alleviating the destructive force of frost heave caused by water freezing and expansion on the lining structure from the source. In highly corrosive areas, groundwater rich in corrosive media such as chloride ions and sulfate ions can be quickly drained away, significantly reducing the contact time between the corrosive media and the waterproof layer and secondary lining concrete, playing an isolating and protective role, and greatly improving the service life and durability of the main structure. Third, the construction method provided by the present invention can be perfectly embedded in the current mature tunnel construction process and has good compatibility. Based on the material properties of permeable concrete, which is dry, hard, non-fluid, and cannot be sprayed, supporting arch pieces are used as the skeleton and formwork in the drainage interlayer, and a segmented filling construction method is adopted to complete the construction of the permeable concrete layer, overcoming the huge difficulties in constructing permeable concrete on the tunnel arch wall and achieving a high degree of fit between material properties and construction technology.

[0018] Other advantages, objectives and features of the present invention will be reflected in part through the following description, and in part will be understood by those skilled in the art through study and practice of the present invention. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0019] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of pouring the lower support structure in a technical solution of the present invention; Figure 2A schematic diagram of a waterproof layer and a blind drainage ditch under an inverted arch structure in a technical solution of the present invention; Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram showing the completion of the construction of the inverted arch structure in one technical solution of the present invention; Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the construction of a permeable concrete layer in a technical solution of the present invention; Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of layered filling of permeable concrete layers in a technical solution of the present invention; Figure 6 A schematic diagram of a protruding portion in a technical solution of the present invention; Figure 7 Schematic diagram of the installation of a drainage pipe in a technical solution of the present invention, wherein (a) is a schematic diagram of the internal reinforcement of the drainage pipe and the protrusion, and (b) is a schematic diagram of the related management of the drainage pipe; Figure 8 Schematic diagram of a drainage floor drain in a technical solution of the present invention, wherein (a) is a schematic diagram of fixing the drainage floor drain, and (b) is a schematic diagram of connecting the drainage floor drain to a drainage pipe; Figure 9 Schematic diagram of a steel template in a technical solution of the present invention, wherein (a) is a schematic diagram of the outer side of the steel template, and (b) is a schematic diagram of the inner side of the steel template; Figure 10 This is a schematic diagram of the installation of a drainage blind ditch in a technical solution of the present invention; Figure 11 This is a schematic diagram of the installation of the supporting arch piece in a technical solution of the present invention; Figure 12 This is a schematic diagram of disassembling a supporting arch piece in a technical solution of the present invention; Figure 13 Schematic diagram of the construction of a transition layer in a technical solution of the present invention, wherein (a) is a schematic diagram of the transition layer before construction, and (b) is a schematic diagram of the transition layer after construction; Figure 14 A schematic diagram of layers in a technical solution of the present invention; Figure 15 It is a cross-sectional schematic diagram of the connection node between the inverted arch structure and the lining structure in one technical solution of the present invention.

[0020] Description of the drawings: 1-upper support structure, 2-lower support structure, 20-protrusion, 21-steel formwork, 211-reserved pipe hole, 212-bolt, 210-reserved hole, 3-inverted arch structure, 4-lining structure, 5-upper waterproof layer, 51-lower waterproof layer, 6-drainage interlayer, 61-permeable concrete layer, 62-transition layer, 7-support arch piece, 70-fixing sleeve, 71-rib plate, 72-support bar, 73-support plate, 8-drainage floor drain, 80-drainage pipe, 800-collector, 81-cover, 810-pipe mouth fixing part, 82-mortar layer, 83-sealing ring, 9-drainage blind ditch, 90-drainage main pipe, 91-gravel filling layer, 92-permeable geotextile, 93-anchor, 10-suspender rod, 101-nut. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0021] The present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments so that those skilled in the art can implement the invention with reference to the description.

[0022] It should be understood that terms such as “having”, “including” and “comprising” used herein do not preclude the existence or addition of one or more other elements or combinations thereof.

[0023] It should be noted that the experimental methods described in the following embodiments are conventional methods unless otherwise specified, and the structures and components are commercially available unless otherwise specified. In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that, unless otherwise clearly specified and limited, the terms "installed", "connected", and "set" should be understood in a broad sense. For example, they can be fixedly connected or set, or detachably connected or set, or connected or set as a whole. For those of ordinary skill in the art, the specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood according to the specific circumstances. The directions or positional relationships indicated by the terms "transverse", "longitudinal", "upper", "lower", "front", "back", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inside", "outside", etc. are based on the directions or positional relationships shown in the accompanying drawings. They are only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description. They do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific direction, be constructed and operated in a specific direction, and therefore cannot be understood as limiting the present invention.

[0024] like Figures 1 to 15As shown, the present invention provides a lining layer waterproof structure, including a primary support layer and a tunnel lining layer, the tunnel lining layer includes an inverted arch structure 3 and a lining structure 4, and the tunnel lining layer is covered with a complete waterproof layer; the primary support layer includes an upper support structure 1 and a lower support structure 2, a plurality of suspension rods 10 are anchored in a matrix in the upper support structure 1, one end of the suspension rod 10 passes through the upper support structure 1, and the lower support structure 2 extends into the tunnel to form a protrusion 20, the protrusion 20 is close to the intersection of the lower support structure 2 and the upper support structure 1, and a semi-annular drainage interlayer 6 is formed between the protrusion 20, the upper support structure 1 and the waterproof layer; a plurality of adjacent and flush supporting arch pieces 7, each supporting arch piece 7 is connected to the upper support structure 1. The suspension rod 10 completes the pulling and fixing, and all the supporting arch pieces 7 form an arch body in the drainage interlayer 6. The supporting arch piece 7 includes a supporting plate 73 that matches the shape of and is opposite to the upper supporting structure 1. A permeable concrete layer 61 is filled between the supporting plate 73 and the upper supporting structure 1, and a transition layer 62 is formed between the supporting plate 73 and the waterproof layer; at least one drainage blind ditch 9 is provided between the lower supporting structure 2 and the waterproof layer under the inverted arch structure 3, and the protrusion 20 is provided with a plurality of drainage floor drains 8 on the surface on the side of the permeable concrete layer 61, and the drainage floor drain 8 is connected to a drainage pipe 80 buried in the lower supporting structure 2, and the other end of the drainage pipe 80 passes through the lower supporting structure 2 and is connected to the drainage blind ditch 9.

[0025] In the present technical solution, the permeable concrete layer 61 is formed by the permeable concrete that is ready for use on the construction site through the plugging method. The gradation of the permeable concrete can refer to the mixing gradation of mature processes on the market. Portland cement can be used as a cementitious material and coarse aggregate of a single particle size. The porosity of the permeable concrete can be greater than 15%, and the strength grade is higher than or equal to that of the lining structure 4. The construction method of the upper support structure 1 is the same as the existing tunnel support construction method. After the steel arch frame and anchoring measures are completed, the upper support structure 1 is formed by spraying concrete. After the steel arch frame is assembled, the suspension rod 10 is positioned and fixed by spot welding with the steel arch frame, rock embedding, etc. The suspension rod 10 is formed together with the steel arch frame inside the upper support structure 1. During the construction of the upper support structure 1, non-woven fabrics are used. Cloth, tape or other flexible materials are wrapped around the protruding ends of the suspension rods 10 to avoid contamination. The support arch pieces 7 are straight or curved frames formed by splicing steel sections, on which the support plates 73 are fixed by spot welding or other mechanical connection methods. The support arch pieces 7 and the suspension rods 10 can be fixed by bolt connection or other mechanical methods. In the present technical solution, the support arch pieces 7 are used to serve as a filling template for the permeable concrete layer 61. When installing the support arch pieces 7, it is necessary to follow the construction sequence from bottom to top. After completing a row of support arch pieces 7, the filling work of the corresponding permeable concrete layer 61 in the row should be completed in time. After the permeable concrete layer 61 in the lower row has initially solidified, the installation of the upper row of support arch pieces 7 and the filling of the permeable concrete layer 61 can be continued. For the construction of the permeable concrete layer 61 at the arch top position, such as Figure 5 As shown, after the permeable concrete layer 61 on both sides of the arch is completed, the supporting arch pieces 7 are installed piece by piece starting from the previous construction section and the permeable concrete layer 61 is filled until the permeable concrete layer 61 of this construction section is completed. The thickness of the permeable concrete layer 61 is controlled to be 15~30CM, which is convenient for filling operation and will not generate excessive load on the supporting arch pieces 7 within this thickness range. The support plate 73 can be a steel mesh with dense openings, and proper maintenance of the permeable concrete layer 61 is completed by spraying the support plate 73 from inside the tunnel.

[0026] In this technical solution, the waterproof layer can be made of mature waterproof materials such as pre-laid reverse-adhesive plastic waterproof membranes and waterproof boards, and a fully covered layered structure can be formed on the periphery of the tunnel lining layer through step-by-step construction. Before the construction of the inverted arch structure 3, the lower half of the waterproof layer is constructed on the lower supporting structure 2. After the construction of the permeable concrete layer 61 is completed, the construction of the transition layer 62 can be completed by plastering with anti-seepage mortar, and then the upper half of the waterproof layer is fixed on the surface of the transition layer 62. The transition layer 62 buries the entire frame structure supporting the arch piece 7 inside, and the thickness of the transition layer 62 is controlled at 5~10CM. The transition layer 62 can also be constructed by spraying fine stone concrete.

[0027] In the technical solution, the drain floor drain 8 is used to drain the seepage water of the pervious concrete layer 61 out of the drainage interlayer 6, wherein the drain floor drain 8 can be an existing floor drain structure, the drain floor drain 8 is connected with the end of the drainage pipe 80 extending out of the protruding part 20, and when the construction of the bottommost pervious concrete layer 61 is performed, the drain floor drain 8 can be covered with a separation cover, a mesh screen or a cloth body with water permeability to avoid the cement slurry from blocking. The drain blind ditch 9 is a water channel arranged on the lower support structure 2, a recessed area can be arranged in the pouring of the lower support structure 2, the drain blind ditch 9 is formed by filling the recessed area with broken stones, or the drain blind ditch 9 is installed on the lower support structure 2 by using a prefabricated structure or a finished pipe after the pouring of the lower support structure 2 is completed. Each drainage pipe 80 is connected to the drain blind ditch 9 by a pipeline. Optionally, the drainage pipes 80 in each construction section can be first connected to a collector pipe 800, and the collector pipe 800 is connected to the drain blind ditch 9 by a pipeline. In some tunnels containing gas, the drainage pipe 80 can be first connected to a water-gas separation device, and the separated water is discharged into the drain blind ditch 9. The seepage water of the lower support structure 2 is blocked by the waterproof layer and enters the drain blind ditch 9 under the action of water pressure to be discharged.

[0028] In another technical solution, one end of the drainage pipe 80 extends into the drainage interlayer 6 from the protruding part 20, the drain floor drain 8 includes a pipe opening fixing part 810 and a cover body 81, the pipe opening fixing part 810 is sleeved on the end of the drainage pipe 80, and the cover body 81 is connected to the outside of the pipe opening fixing part 810. The cover body 81 is a cylindrical shell or a conical shell with a plurality of holes. In the technical solution, as shown in Figure 8 The end of the drainage pipe 80 is provided with external threads, the pipe opening fixing part 810 is a sleeve structure with internal threads, and is screwed on the end of the drainage pipe 80. The pipe opening fixing part 810 is connected with the cover body 81 by a connecting plate or a connecting part. The cover body 81 is used to isolate the drainage pipe 80 from the pervious concrete layer 61 and avoid the blockage of the drainage pipe 80 in the subsequent use. The cover body 81 can be a cylindrical or conical barrel with a certain height to further increase the contact area of the cover body 81 with the pervious concrete layer 61. When the drain floor drain 8 is installed, a mesh screen or gauze can be first wound on the cover body 81.

[0029] In another technical solution, a mortar layer 82 is laid on the protrusion 20, and the lower part of the cover body 81 is buried in the mortar layer 82. In order to prevent water accumulation in the drainage interlayer 6, a mortar layer 82 is artificially coated on the surface of the protrusion 20. The mortar layer 82 uses easily available anti-seepage mortar. Before installing the drainage floor drain 8, waterproof coatings such as polyurethane can be applied to the joint between the drainage pipe 80 and the protrusion 20 to form a sealing ring 83. After the drainage floor drain 8 is installed, the mortar layer 82 is coated. The thickness of the mortar layer 82 can be higher than the bottom row of holes in the cover body 81, and the mortar layer 82 should be properly sloped so that there is no dead corner of water accumulation at the bottom of the drainage interlayer 6.

[0030] In another technical solution, the transition layer 62 is a fine stone concrete spraying layer or an anti-seepage mortar plastering layer.

[0031] In another technical solution, two drainage blind ditches 9 are provided between the inner wall of the lower supporting structure 2 and the waterproof layer under the inverted arch structure 3. A drainage main pipe 90 is provided in the drainage blind ditch 9. The drainage pipe 80 is connected to the drainage main pipe 90. The drainage main pipe 90 and the drainage pipe 80 are covered with a circle of gravel filling layer 91 on the outside. The gravel filling layer 91 is covered with a permeable geotextile 92. The permeable geotextile 92 is fixed to the lower supporting structure 2 by multiple rows of anchor nails 93. For example, the gravel filling layer 91 is used to guide the seepage water that penetrates the lower supporting structure 2, and the drainage main pipe 90 is used to collect and guide the seepage water in the drainage interlayer 6. The drainage main pipe 90 and the gravel filling layer 91 are not connected to each other. Before the construction of the inverted arch structure 3, as shown in FIG. Figure 10 As shown, the permeable geotextile 92 is first fixed to the inner wall side of the lower supporting structure 2 with a row of anchor nails 93, and the drainage main pipe 90 is constructed and connected to the drainage pipe 80. Holes can be opened on the permeable geotextile 92 for passing the pipeline between the drainage main pipe 90 and the drainage pipe 80. After the drainage main pipe 90 is installed, crushed stone and gravel are laid on the surface of the permeable geotextile 92. Then the permeable geotextile 92 and the crushed stone and gravel thereon are used to wrap the drainage main pipe 90 as a whole. After the two sides of the permeable geotextile 92 are overlapped, the anchor nails 93 are used to fix it to the inner wall side of the lower supporting structure 2 again. In this way, a combined drainage blind ditch 9 of the drainage main pipe 90, the crushed stone filling layer 91 and the permeable geotextile 92 is formed. Optionally, holes can also be opened on the drainage main pipe 90, or a separate longitudinal pipe with holes can be set side by side with the drainage main pipe 90 to better organize the discharge of seepage water from the lower supporting structure 2.

[0032] In another technical solution, the waterproof layer includes a lower waterproof layer 51 and an upper waterproof layer 5. The upper waterproof layer 5 is fixed to the inner wall of the transition layer 62. The lower waterproof layer 51 is laid on the upper part of the lower supporting structure 2 and the drainage blind ditch 9, and the two side edges extend upward from the arch structure 3 and form an overlap with the upper waterproof layer 5 above. In this technical solution, the lower waterproof layer 51 and the upper waterproof layer 5 can both adopt waterproof boards or waterproof membranes that are easily available on the market. For example, when the waterproof layer adopts a finished waterproof board, a number of hot-melt gaskets can be arranged on the upper surface of the lower supporting structure 2 for non-puncture fixation of the lower waterproof layer 51. After the construction of the transition layer 62 is completed, a number of hot-melt gaskets are arranged on the inner surface of the transition layer 62 for non-puncture fixation of the upper waterproof layer 5.

[0033] In another technical solution, the supporting arch piece 7 also includes a fixing sleeve 70 corresponding to the suspension rod 10 one by one, and the protruding end of the suspension rod 10 is provided with a thread, and the suspension rod 10 passes through the fixing sleeve 70 and is fixed to the fixing sleeve 70 through a nut 101. A strip-shaped rib 71 is connected between any two adjacent fixing sleeves 70, and the grid structure formed by the combination of all ribs 71 is connected to the support plate 73. The rib 71 structure, the fixing sleeve 70 and the nut 101 located on the side of the support plate 73 near the lining structure 4 are buried in the transition layer 62. In this technical solution, In the case, the supporting arch piece 7 is a sheet structure that matches the designed curvature of the supporting structure 1 at the corresponding position, and the overall thickness is controlled between 5 and 10CM. The rib plate 71 is a strip-shaped plate body, which is used to prevent the supporting arch piece 7 from deforming after being subjected to force. The inner diameter of the fixing sleeve 70 is larger than the diameter of the suspension rod 10, and the supporting plate 73 can be fixed to the rib plate 71 by spot welding or clamping. In this technical solution, in addition to serving as a construction template for the permeable concrete layer 61, the supporting arch piece 7 is also buried and embedded in the transition layer 62 as a whole, serving as the internal steel of the transition layer 62.

[0034] In another technical solution, the support plate 73 is a plurality of perforated plate bodies, and support strips 72 are provided on both sides of the ribs 71. Each support plate 73 is matched and arranged in a grid partition formed by a plurality of ribs 71. The side of the support plate 73 close to the lining structure 4 is in contact with the support strip 72. The support plate 73 and the ribs 71 are fixed by winding metal wire. For example, Figure 12As shown, the support bar 72 can be a plain round steel bar spot-welded to both sides of the rib 71, and the support plate 73 is a metal mesh with holes. After the support plate 73 is positioned and placed on the support bar 72, the metal binding wire is passed through the holes on the edge of the support plate 73 to tie the edges of the support plate 73 tightly to the rib 71. In this technical solution, the support plate 73 adopts an open hole design, and the low-fluidity permeable concrete will not pass through the holes during the filling process. In addition to reducing the amount of welding work, this technical solution also facilitates the spray maintenance of the permeable concrete layer 61 during the maintenance stage. When installing the support plate 73, a dense mesh can be used to wrap the support plate 73.

[0035] In another technical solution, a construction method of a lining layer waterproof structure is applied to the above-mentioned lining layer waterproof structure, and is characterized in that it includes the following steps: S1. When the upper supporting structure 1 is anchored and the steel structure is supported, the suspension rod 10 is positioned and set in the steel structure of the upper supporting structure 1, the protruding end of the suspension rod 10 is wrapped, and concrete is sprayed to complete the construction of the upper supporting structure 1. Specifically, the protruding end of the suspension rod 10 needs to be temporarily wrapped and protected with a plastic sheath or tape to prevent the sprayed concrete from contaminating the thread. Subsequently, the concrete spraying operation is carried out to form a complete upper supporting structure 1, ensuring that the suspension rod 10 is firmly anchored therein to provide a force foundation for the installation of the supporting arch piece 7 thereafter.

[0036] S2. Excavate the rock mass of the next construction section to form a construction space for the lower supporting structure 2, tie the steel bars of the lower supporting structure 2 and pre-embed the drainage pipe 80, support the formwork and cast the lower supporting structure 2 of the construction section. Specifically, after the upper supporting structure 1 is stable, excavate the next section of rock mass to provide an operating space for the lower supporting structure 2. When tying the steel bars of the lower supporting structure 2, it is necessary to pre-embed the drainage pipe 80 according to the designed position. One end of the drainage pipe 80 protrudes from the surface design position of the future protrusion 20, and the other end leads to the center line of the tunnel. Before casting the lower supporting structure 2, the pipe mouth of the drainage pipe 80 must be covered to avoid pollution.

[0037] S3. After the lower supporting structure 2 reaches 75% strength, a drainage blind ditch 9 is constructed thereon, and the drainage pipe 80 is connected to the drainage blind ditch 9 through a pipe. The lower waterproof layer 51 is fully laid on the drainage blind ditch 9 and related pipelines, and the lower waterproof layer 51 is fixed to the inner wall of the lower supporting structure 2. Specifically, after the strength of the lower supporting structure 2 reaches 75%, a drainage blind ditch 9 is constructed thereon, and the pre-buried drainage pipe 80 is firmly connected to the drainage main pipe 90 in the drainage blind ditch 9 through a tee or elbow, and a permeable geotextile 92 and a gravel filling layer 91 are constructed. The gravel filling layer 91 wraps the drainage main pipe 90 and the interface area of ​​the drainage pipe 80. After the drainage blind ditch 9 is completed, the lower waterproof layer 51 is laid.

[0038] S4. Install the steel bars of the inverted arch structure 3, support the formwork and cast the inverted arch structure 3 of the construction section. Specifically, according to the existing relevant specifications and drawings, the steel bars of the inverted arch structure 3 are tied and the rubber waterstop and steel plate waterstop are set and connected as required, and the inverted arch structure 3 is cast.

[0039] S5. Install the drainage floor drain 8 at the exposed end of the drainage pipe 80 and seal the gap between the drainage floor drain 8 and the protrusion 20. Specifically, clean the surface of the protrusion 20 and remove the pipe mouth protection of the drainage pipe 80, construct a sealing ring 83 at the root of the drainage pipe 80, and insert the pipe mouth fixing part 810 of the drainage floor drain 8 into the end of the drainage pipe 80. Then, apply a mortar layer 82 on the surface of the protrusion 20 and slope each drainage floor drain 8. The mortar layer 82 should be higher than the bottom of the cover body 81 to ensure that the drainage floor drain 8 is stable and has no gaps around it to prevent water seepage and short circuit.

[0040] S6, mix permeable concrete, install the supporting arch pieces 7 row by row from bottom to top, fill the permeable concrete into the supporting arch pieces 7 and the upper supporting structure 1 after each row of supporting arch pieces 7 is installed, vibrate and compact appropriately and sprinkle water for maintenance, after the supporting arch pieces 7 at the arch top are filled with the permeable concrete layers 61 on both sides, install and fill the permeable concrete piece by piece from the direction of the previous construction section until all the permeable concrete layers 61 are completed, specifically, mix the dry and hard permeable concrete on site according to the designed mix ratio, and start from the bottom of both sides of the upper supporting structure 1, The supporting arch pieces 7 are installed upwards row by row. Each time a row of supporting arch pieces 7 is installed, the gap between the upper part of the row of supporting arch pieces 7 and the upper supporting structure 1 is filled with permeable concrete. During the filling process, a plane vibrator can be used to moderately vibrate and compact it, and water it in time for maintenance. The construction of the permeable concrete layer 61 at the arch top position needs to wait until the permeable concrete filling on both sides is completed and initially stable. Starting from the direction of the previous construction section, the supporting arch pieces 7 are installed piece by piece and filled with permeable concrete to ensure that the permeable concrete layer 61 is continuous, dense and water-permeable.

[0041] S7. Construct the transition layer 62 and bury the entire supporting arch piece 7 in the transition layer 62. Specifically, after the permeable concrete layer 61 reaches a certain strength, construct the transition layer 62. Use sprayed fine stone concrete or artificial plastering anti-seepage mortar to form a continuous and closed transition layer 62 on the inner side of the supporting plate 73 of the supporting arch piece 7. During construction, ensure that the ribs 71, fixing sleeves 70, nuts 101 and other components of the supporting arch piece 7 are completely buried, and ensure that the surface of the transition layer 62 is flat to provide a good base for the subsequent laying of the waterproof layer.

[0042] S8. Fix the upper waterproof layer 5 and complete the steel bar binding of the lining structure 4.

[0043] S9. The lining trolley enters the site and completes the construction of lining structure 4.

[0044] In another technical solution, in step S2, a steel template 21 is set on the inner side of the protrusion 20 along the entire length. The top edge of the steel template 21 is higher than the design position of the protrusion 20. A reserved pipe hole 211 is opened on the steel template 21 for passing the drainage pipe 80. One side surface of the steel template 21 is cast integrally with the protrusion 20, and the other side of the steel template 21 is used as a template for the inverted arch structure 3. In this technical solution, the steel template 21 directly serves as a template for the protrusion 20 when casting and is connected with the protrusion. The protrusion 20 is cast as a whole, and a reserved pipe hole 211 is opened on the steel template 21 for passing the drainage pipe 80. Several rows of reserved holes 210 are also opened on the steel template 21 for fixing the anchor nails 93 when the permeable geotextile 92 is fixed later. A number of bolts 212 are welded on the outer surface of the steel template 21 for binding with the reinforcement in the protrusion 20 and forming an embedment with the concrete of the protrusion 20. The lower waterproof layer 51 can be fixed to the inner surface of the steel template 21 without puncture by gluing, hot melting, etc.

[0045] It should be noted that although the steps are described above in a specific order, this does not necessarily mean that the steps must be performed in this specific order. In fact, some of these steps can be performed concurrently or even in a different order, as long as the required functions can be achieved. The number of devices and processing scales described here are intended to simplify the description of the present invention. Applications, modifications, and variations of the present invention will be apparent to those skilled in the art.

[0046] Although the embodiments of the present invention have been disclosed above, they are not limited to the applications listed in the description and implementation methods. They can be fully applied to various fields suitable for the present invention. For those familiar with the art, additional modifications can be easily implemented. Therefore, without departing from the general concept defined by the claims and the scope of equivalents, the present invention is not limited to the specific details and illustrations shown and described herein.

Claims

1. The waterproof lining structure includes a primary support layer and a tunnel lining layer, characterized by: The tunnel lining layer comprises an inverted arch structure (3) and a lining structure (4), and the tunnel lining layer is covered with a complete waterproof layer; The primary support layer comprises an upper support structure (1) and a lower support structure (2); a plurality of suspension rods (10) are anchored in a matrix manner in the upper support structure (1); one end of the suspension rod (10) passes through the upper support structure (1); the lower support structure (2) extends into the tunnel to form a protrusion (20); the protrusion (20) is close to the intersection of the lower support structure (2) and the upper support structure (1); a semi-annular drainage interlayer (6) is formed between the protrusion (20), the upper support structure (1) and the waterproof layer; A plurality of adjacent and flush supporting arch pieces (7), each supporting arch piece (7) is tied and fixed to the upper supporting structure (1) via a suspension rod (10), and all supporting arch pieces (7) form an arch body in the drainage interlayer (6), and the supporting arch piece (7) includes a supporting plate (73) that matches the shape of and is opposite to the upper supporting structure (1), a permeable concrete layer (61) is formed between the supporting plate (73) and the upper supporting structure (1), and a transition layer (62) is formed between the supporting plate (73) and the waterproof layer; At least one drainage blind ditch (9) is provided between the lower supporting structure (2) and the waterproof layer located under the inverted arch structure (3); a plurality of drainage floor drains (8) are provided on the surface of the protruding portion (20) on the side of the permeable concrete layer (61); a drainage pipe (80) buried in the lower supporting structure (2) is connected below the drainage floor drain (8); the other end of the drainage pipe (80) passes through the lower supporting structure (2) and is connected to the drainage blind ditch (9).

2. The waterproof lining structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: One end of the drainage pipe (80) extends from the protruding portion (20) into the drainage interlayer (6). The drainage floor drain (8) comprises a pipe mouth fixing member (810) and a cover body (81). The pipe mouth fixing member (810) is sleeved on the end of the drainage pipe (80). The cover body (81) is connected to the outside of the pipe mouth fixing member (810). The cover body (81) is a cylindrical shell or a conical shell with a plurality of holes.

3. The waterproof lining structure according to claim 2, characterized in that: A mortar layer (82) is laid on the protruding portion (20), and the lower portion of the cover body (81) is buried inside the mortar layer (82).

4. The waterproof lining structure according to claim 1, wherein: The transition layer (62) is a fine stone concrete spraying layer or an anti-seepage mortar plastering layer.

5. The waterproof lining structure according to claim 1, wherein: Two drainage blind ditches (9) are provided between the inner side wall of the lower supporting structure (2) and the waterproof layer located under the inverted arch structure (3); a drainage main pipe (90) is provided in the drainage blind ditch (9); the drainage pipe (80) is connected to the drainage main pipe (90); the drainage main pipe (90) and the drainage pipe (80) are externally covered to form a circle of gravel filling layer (91); the gravel filling layer (91) is externally covered with a permeable geotextile (92); the permeable geotextile (92) is fixed to the lower supporting structure (2) by multiple rows of anchor nails (93).

6. The waterproof lining structure according to claim 1, wherein: The waterproof layer comprises a lower waterproof layer (51) and an upper waterproof layer (5), wherein the upper waterproof layer (5) is fixed to the inner wall of the transition layer (62), and the lower waterproof layer (51) is laid on the upper part of the lower supporting structure (2) and the drainage blind ditch (9), with both sides extending upward from the inverted arch structure (3) and forming an overlap with the upper waterproof layer (5) above.

7. The waterproof lining structure according to claim 1, wherein: The supporting arch piece (7) also includes a fixing sleeve (70) corresponding to the suspension rod (10) one by one, and the protruding end of the suspension rod (10) is provided with a thread. The suspension rod (10) passes through the fixing sleeve (70) and is fixed to the fixing sleeve (70) through a nut (101). A strip-shaped rib (71) is connected between any two adjacent fixing sleeves (70). The grid structure formed by the combination of all the ribs (71) is connected to the support plate (73). The rib (71) structure, the fixing sleeve (70) and the nut (101) located on the side of the support plate (73) close to the lining structure (4) are buried in the transition layer (62).

8. The waterproof lining structure according to claim 7, characterized in that: The supporting plate (73) is a plurality of perforated plate bodies, and supporting strips (72) are provided on both sides of the rib plate (71). Each supporting plate (73) is matched and arranged in a grid partition formed by enclosing a plurality of rib plates (71). The side of the supporting plate (73) close to the lining structure (4) is in contact with the supporting strip (72), and the supporting plate (73) and the rib plate (71) are fixed by winding metal wire.

9. A construction method for a lining layer waterproof structure, applied to the lining layer waterproof structure according to any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: S1. When the upper supporting structure (1) is anchored and the steel structure is supported, the suspension rod (10) is positioned and set in the steel structure of the upper supporting structure (1), the extended end of the suspension rod (10) is wrapped, and the construction of the upper supporting structure (1) is completed by spraying concrete; S2, excavating the rock mass of the next construction section to form a construction space for the lower support structure (2), tying the steel bars of the lower support structure (2) and pre-buried the drainage pipe (80), supporting the formwork and casting the lower support structure (2) of the construction section; S3. After the lower supporting structure (2) reaches 75% strength, a drainage blind ditch (9) is constructed thereon, and the drainage pipe (80) is connected to the drainage blind ditch (9) through a pipeline. The lower waterproof layer (51) is fully laid on the drainage blind ditch (9) and the relevant pipelines, and the lower waterproof layer (51) is fixed to the inner wall of the lower supporting structure (2); S4, installing the steel bars of the inverted arch structure (3), supporting the formwork and pouring the inverted arch structure (3) of the completed construction section; S5. Install a drainage floor drain (8) at the exposed end of the drainage pipe (80), and seal the gap between the drainage floor drain (8) and the protrusion (20); S6, mix permeable concrete, install the supporting arch pieces (7) row by row from bottom to top, after each row of supporting arch pieces (7) is installed, fill the permeable concrete into the supporting arch pieces (7) and the upper supporting structure (1), vibrate and compact, and sprinkle water for maintenance, after the supporting arch pieces (7) at the arch top are filled with the permeable concrete layers (61) on both sides, install and fill the permeable concrete piece by piece starting from the direction of the previous construction section until all the permeable concrete layers (61) are completed; S7, constructing a transition layer (62), and burying all the supporting arch pieces (7) in the transition layer (62); S8, fix the upper waterproof layer (5) and complete the steel bar binding of the lining structure (4); S9. The lining trolley enters the site and completes the construction of the lining structure (4).

10. The construction method of the lining layer waterproof structure according to claim 9, characterized in that: In step S2, a steel template (21) is set on the inner side of the protrusion (20) along its entire length. The top edge of the steel template (21) is higher than the designed position of the protrusion (20). A reserved pipe hole (211) is opened on the steel template (21) for passing the drainage pipe (80). One side surface of the steel template (21) is cast integrally with the protrusion (20), and the other side of the steel template (21) is used as a template for the inverted arch structure (3).

Images