Separation equipment and process for externally heated recycled carbon dioxide

Abstract

This invention discloses a separation device and process for externally heated and recycled carbon dioxide, belonging to the field of chemical separation technology. The device includes an absorption tower, a regeneration tower, a reboiler, a mass transfer structure, and a thermally conductive layer. The upper part of the absorption tower is equipped with a spray mechanism for spraying amine solution to absorb carbon dioxide. The regeneration tower is equipped with a mass transfer structure and a flow channel switching mechanism, which can flexibly switch between central and peripheral flow channels according to the carbon dioxide concentration and flow rate to achieve differentiated regeneration treatment. The thermally conductive layer covers the outer wall of the regeneration tower and is connected to the reboiler through a recycling pipe to achieve waste heat recovery from the tower. This invention achieves the recycling of amine solution and efficient recovery of system waste heat, significantly reducing energy consumption and operating costs. The adjustable flow channel design improves the adaptability and processing efficiency of the device to different operating conditions, taking into account the needs of sufficient desorption at high concentrations and energy-saving operation at low concentrations, and has significant energy-saving and environmental protection advantages and engineering application value.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of chemical separation technology, and more specifically, to a separation device and process for externally heated and recycled carbon dioxide. Background Technology

[0002] In the fields of industrial production and environmental protection, the separation and recovery of carbon dioxide is of paramount practical significance. Whether it is the treatment of high-concentration carbon dioxide tail gas generated in industrial processes such as fossil fuel combustion power generation, steel smelting, and chemical synthesis, or the removal of carbon dioxide in scenarios such as natural gas purification and biogas purification, efficient carbon dioxide separation technology is a key link in achieving carbon emission reduction targets and promoting resource recycling.

[0003] However, existing absorption-based carbon dioxide separation processes and supporting equipment generally suffer from excessive energy consumption, severely hindering their large-scale promotion and economic improvement. The heating stage of the regeneration tower is the main source of energy consumption in the entire process. To achieve effective regeneration of the rich liquid, a large amount of heat needs to be continuously input into the regeneration tower through the reboiler to maintain the temperature inside the tower within the operating range required for carbon dioxide desorption. However, this heat is often seriously wasted in traditional equipment.

[0004] Existing carbon dioxide separation processes suffer from poor economic efficiency and limited applicability due to excessive energy consumption. Therefore, developing a carbon dioxide separation device and process that optimizes the steam heat flow path, recovers and utilizes heat from the outer wall of the regeneration tower, and significantly reduces reboiler energy consumption has become a critical technological need urgently needing to be addressed in this field. This has significant practical implications and application value for promoting the green and efficient development of carbon dioxide separation technology. In this regard, we propose a separation device and process for externally heated and recycled carbon dioxide. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The purpose of this invention is to provide a separation device and process for externally heated and recycled carbon dioxide to solve the above-mentioned technical problems.

[0006] To solve the above-mentioned technical problems, the present invention provides the following technical solution: a separation device and process for externally heated and recycled carbon dioxide, comprising an absorption tower, a regeneration tower, a reboiler, a mass transfer structure and a thermal conductivity layer;

[0007] The upper part of the absorption tower is equipped with a spraying mechanism for spraying amine solution, and the bottom is equipped with a carbon-rich amine solution outlet;

[0008] The top of the regeneration tower is provided with a carbon-rich amine liquid inlet and a desorption gas outlet, while the bottom of the tower is provided with a carbon-lean amine liquid outlet and a steam inlet connected to the reboiler.

[0009] The outlet of the carbon-rich amine liquid in the absorption tower is connected to the inlet of the carbon-rich amine liquid in the regeneration tower through a solution delivery pipe, and the outlet of the carbon-lean amine liquid in the regeneration tower is connected to the spraying mechanism through a first reuse pipe.

[0010] The mass transfer structure is located inside the regeneration tower, and the reboiler is connected to the steam inlet at the bottom of the regeneration tower, providing an upward steam flow into the regeneration tower through a heat injection mechanism.

[0011] The mass transfer structure is provided with a flow channel switching mechanism, which is used to selectively form the rising steam flow through the first flow channel through the central region of the mass transfer structure or through the second flow channel through the peripheral region of the mass transfer structure.

[0012] The thermally conductive layer is wrapped around the outer wall of the mass transfer structure section of the regeneration tower. The thermally conductive layer is connected to the reboiler through a second reuse pipe, and is used to reuse the heat from the outer wall of the regeneration tower to the reboiler.

[0013] Preferably, the flow channel switching mechanism includes an inner cylinder, which is disposed on the mass transfer structure. The inner cylinder has toothed columns arranged in an annular pattern with equal intervals inside. An adjusting rod is movably inserted in an annular pattern with equal intervals on the inner cylinder. The end of the adjusting rod near the inner cylinder is engaged with the toothed columns, and the ball end of the adjusting rod away from the inner cylinder is connected to an outer rail.

[0014] Preferably, the outer frame includes a hinge frame A and a hinge frame B. The ball joint of the hinge frame A is connected to the end of the adjusting rod away from the inner cylinder, and the hinge frame B is hinged to the hinge frame A. The two adjacent hinge frames A and the hinge frame B are hinged to each other.

[0015] Preferably, the hinge frame A and the hinge frame B include a female frame, a sleeve and a male frame, wherein the ball end of the female frame is connected to the end of the adjusting rod away from the inner cylinder, the sleeve is fixedly and symmetrically connected to the female frame, and the female frame is movably sleeved on the male frame through the sleeve.

[0016] Preferably, telescopic sleeves are fixedly provided at equal vertical intervals on the inner walls of the hinge frame A and the hinge frame B, and telescopic rods are fixedly provided at equal vertical intervals on the inner walls of the hinge frame A and the hinge frame B, and the telescopic sleeves and the telescopic rods are movably inserted between each other.

[0017] Preferably, the inner cylinder has a plurality of sets of insertion holes arranged in a ring at equal intervals, the adjusting rod is movably inserted into the insertion holes, the adjusting rod has a toothed groove, and the toothed column is engaged with the toothed groove.

[0018] Preferably, the flow channel switching mechanism further includes a hemispherical shell, a carrier plate at the bottom of the hemispherical shell, self-locking units arranged in a ring at equal intervals on the carrier plate, a clutch unit at the center of the carrier plate, an adjustment unit at the output end of the clutch unit, the output end of the self-locking unit being inserted into the toothed column, and the adjustment unit being engagedly connected to the input end of the self-locking unit.

[0019] The carrier plate has rotating holes spaced in a ring at equal intervals. The output end of the self-locking unit is rotatably inserted into the rotating holes. The center of the carrier plate has a movable hole, and the output end of the clutch unit is movably inserted into the movable hole.

[0020] Preferably, the self-locking unit includes a support block, a worm, a bevel gear, a worm wheel, and a drive rod. The support block is fixedly mounted on the carrier plate in a ring at equal intervals. The worm is rotatably inserted into the support block. The bevel gear is fixedly mounted on one end of the worm. The worm wheel is rotatably inserted into the rotating hole. The end of the worm away from the bevel gear is meshed with the worm wheel. The drive rod is fixedly suspended at the bottom end of the worm wheel and connected to the gear post. The bevel gear is adapted to the adjustment unit.

[0021] Preferably, the clutch unit includes a cylinder and a servo motor. The cylinder is fixedly suspended at the bottom end of the carrier plate, the output end of the cylinder is movably inserted into the movable hole, the servo motor is connected to the output end of the cylinder, and the adjustment unit is fixedly connected to the output end of the servo motor.

[0022] The adjustment unit includes a rotating drum and a bevel gear. The rotating drum is fixedly connected to the output end of the servo motor, and the bevel gear is fixedly connected to the bottom end of the rotating drum. The bevel gear is adapted to the bevel gear.

[0023] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are:

[0024] 1. This invention achieves efficient circulation of amine solution by circulating the lean amine solution to the absorption tower via a first reuse pipe, thereby reducing reagent consumption and waste discharge. At the same time, by utilizing the heat-conducting layer wrapped around the outer wall of the mass transfer section of the regeneration tower and the second reuse pipe, the heat lost from the tower wall in the traditional process is recovered and sent back to the reboiler, effectively reducing the energy consumption demand of the reboiler on external heat sources and significantly improving the energy utilization efficiency of the entire process, which meets the requirements of green, low-carbon and sustainable development.

[0025] 2. This invention addresses the problem in existing technologies where fixed packing layers cannot adapt to carbon dioxide waste gas of varying concentrations and flow rates. It innovatively incorporates a flow channel switching mechanism that intelligently selects between a first flow channel (passing through the central region of the mass transfer structure) and a second flow channel (passing through the peripheral region) based on the carbon dioxide concentration, processing flow rate, and desorption efficiency requirements of the waste gas. For high-concentration waste gas, the first flow channel achieves sufficient mass transfer and desorption; under low-concentration or low-flow conditions, switching to the second flow channel reduces ineffective heating areas, significantly saves energy, improves desorption efficiency and operational flexibility, and expands the equipment's application range.

[0026] 3. In the second flow channel mode, the steam flows closely against the inner wall of the tower, further maximizing the heat recovery efficiency of the outer wall thermal conductivity layer. Furthermore, the invention, through the cooperation of a clutch unit and a self-locking unit, achieves precise driving and stable locking of flow channel switching. This not only ensures the stability and reliability of the flow channel configuration but also allows for fine adjustment of the steam flow rate according to actual processing needs, further optimizing the balance between energy consumption and desorption effect. This design significantly improves the equipment's adaptability to complex operating conditions and control precision, meeting the technical requirements of energy conservation, emission reduction, and intelligent control for high-quality development in the chemical separation field. Attached Figure Description

[0027] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the process flow of the present invention;

[0028] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the absorption tower and regeneration tower structure of the present invention;

[0029] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the internal structure of the regeneration tower of the present invention in cross-section;

[0030] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the mass transfer structure and flow channel switching mechanism of the present invention;

[0031] Figure 5 This is a top view of the flow channel switching mechanism of the present invention;

[0032] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the inner cylinder cross-section, toothed column, adjusting rod, and outer frame structure of the present invention.

[0033] Figure 7 For the present invention Figure 6 Enlarged view of the structure at point A in the image;

[0034] Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the adjusting rod, self-locking unit, and adjustment unit structure of the present invention;

[0035] Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram of the cross-section of the carrier plate, the self-locking unit, the clutch unit, and the adjustment unit of the present invention.

[0036] Figure 10 This is a partial structural diagram of the self-locking unit, clutch unit, and adjustment unit of the present invention;

[0037] Figure 11 This is a schematic diagram of two flow channel switching paths for the flow channel switching mechanism of the present invention;

[0038] Figure 12 This is a schematic diagram of the second flow channel of the flow channel switching mechanism of the present invention in use.

[0039] Explanation of the labels in the diagram:

[0040] 1. Absorption tower; 2. Regeneration tower; 3. Spraying mechanism; 4. Solution delivery pipe; 5. First reuse pipe; 6. Flow channel switching mechanism; 7. Reboiler; 8. Heat spraying mechanism; 9. Mass transfer structure; 10. Thermal conductivity layer; 11. Second reuse pipe;

[0041] 601. Inner cylinder; 602. Toothed column; 603. Adjusting rod; 604. Outer frame; 605. Hemispherical shell; 606. Carrier plate; 607. Self-locking unit; 608. Clutch unit; 609. Adjustment unit;

[0042] 6011, socket;

[0043] 6031, tooth groove;

[0044] 6041, Hinge Frame A; 6042, Hinge Frame B; 6043, Female Frame; 6044, Assembly Sleeve; 6045, Male Frame; 6046, Telescopic Sleeve; 6047, Telescopic Insert Rod;

[0045] 6061, Rotary hole; 6062, Movable hole;

[0046] 6071, Support block; 6072, Worm gear; 6073, Bevel gear; 6074, Worm wheel; 6075, Drive rod;

[0047] 6081, cylinder; 6082, servo motor; 6091, rotary drum; 6092, faceted gear. Detailed Implementation

[0048] like Figures 1 to 12 As shown, the present invention relates to a separation device and process for externally heated and recycled carbon dioxide, comprising an absorption tower 1, a regeneration tower 2, a reboiler 7, a mass transfer structure 9, and a thermally conductive layer 10.

[0049] The upper part of the absorption tower 1 is equipped with a spraying mechanism 3 for spraying amine solution, and the bottom is equipped with a carbon-rich amine solution outlet;

[0050] The top of the regeneration tower 2 is equipped with a carbon-rich amine liquid inlet and a desorption gas outlet, and the bottom of the tower is equipped with a carbon-lean amine liquid outlet and a steam inlet connected to the reboiler 7.

[0051] The outlet of the carbon-rich amine liquid in the absorption tower 1 is connected to the inlet of the carbon-rich amine liquid in the regeneration tower 2 through the solution conveying pipe 4, and the outlet of the carbon-lean amine liquid in the regeneration tower 2 is connected to the spraying mechanism 3 through the first reuse pipe 5.

[0052] The mass transfer structure 9 is located inside the regeneration tower 2, and the reboiler 7 is connected to the steam inlet at the bottom of the regeneration tower 2. The rising steam flow is provided to the regeneration tower 2 through the heat injection mechanism 8.

[0053] The mass transfer structure 9 is provided with a flow channel switching mechanism 6, which is used to selectively form a first flow channel through the central region of the mass transfer structure 9 or a second flow channel through the peripheral region of the mass transfer structure 9.

[0054] The thermally conductive layer 10 is wrapped around the outer wall of the mass transfer structure 9 section of the regeneration tower 2. The thermally conductive layer 10 is connected to the reboiler 7 through the second reuse pipe 11, and is used to reuse the heat of the outer wall of the regeneration tower 2 to the reboiler 7.

[0055] In the operation of the externally heated carbon dioxide recovery separation equipment and process of this invention, firstly, the spray mechanism 3 at the top of the absorption tower 1 sprays the lean amine solution, allowing it to fully contact the carbon dioxide-containing gas introduced into the tower. This enables the amine solution to selectively absorb carbon dioxide, forming a rich amine solution. The rich amine solution is then transported from the rich amine solution outlet at the bottom of the absorption tower 1 and the solution conveying pipe 4 to the rich amine solution inlet at the top of the regeneration tower 2. Subsequently, the reboiler 7 generates high-temperature steam, which is supplied to the regeneration tower 2 through the steam inlet at the bottom of the regeneration tower 2 and the heat spray mechanism 8. As the rich amine solution falls within the regeneration tower 2, it exchanges heat and mass with the rising steam flow at the mass transfer structure 9. Carbon dioxide is desorbed from the carbon-rich amine liquid and discharged through the desorbed gas outlet at the top of the regeneration tower 2. The carbon-lean amine liquid formed after desorption flows back to the spray mechanism 3 through the carbon-lean amine liquid outlet at the bottom of the regeneration tower 2 and the first reuse pipe 5 for recycling. During this period, the flow channel switching mechanism 6 on the mass transfer structure 9 can selectively make the rising steam flow form the first flow channel through the central area or the second flow channel in the outer area of ​​the mass transfer structure 9 according to the working conditions, so as to ensure the mass transfer and heat transfer efficiency. At the same time, the heat-conducting layer 10 wrapped on the outer wall of the mass transfer structure 9 section of the regeneration tower 2 recovers the heat lost from the outer wall of the regeneration tower 2 to the reboiler 7 through the second reuse pipe 11, thereby realizing heat recovery and reducing the energy consumption of the reboiler 7.

[0056] In this invention, the mass transfer structure 9 is a perforated plate commonly used in the field, with four sets of vertically fixed plates arranged in the upper part of the tower, and the thermal conductive layer 10 is a copper tube thermal conductive structure covering the outer wall of the regeneration tower.

[0057] The mass transfer structure 9 is a packing layer, and the flow channel switching mechanism 6 is set on the bottom support plate of the packing layer. The first flow channel and the second flow channel are switched by changing the opening and closing state of the channel on the support plate.

[0058] A water pump is connected to the solution delivery pipe 4 to pump the carbon-rich amine liquid flowing out of the bottom outlet of the absorption tower 1 to the carbon-rich amine liquid inlet at the top of the regeneration tower 2.

[0059] In an embodiment of the present invention, the flow channel switching mechanism 6 includes an inner cylinder 601, which is disposed on the mass transfer structure 9. The inner cylinder 601 is provided with toothed columns 602 in an annular shape with equal intervals inside. An adjusting rod 603 is movably inserted into the inner cylinder 601 in an annular shape with equal intervals. The end of the adjusting rod 603 near the inner cylinder 601 is engaged with the toothed column 602, and the ball end of the adjusting rod 603 away from the inner cylinder 601 is connected to an outer rail 604.

[0060] In this invention, toothed columns 602 are arranged in an annular, equidistant pattern and rotatably installed inside the inner cylinder 601. Simultaneously, corresponding to the toothed columns 602, adjustable rods 603 are also installed in an annular, equidistant pattern on the inner cylinder 601. The end of the adjustable rod 603 closest to the inner cylinder 601 is connected to the toothed columns 602 via a meshing structure, allowing the toothed columns 602 to rotate and drive the adjustable rods 603 to extend and retract radially along the inner cylinder 601. The end of the adjustable rod 603 furthest from the inner cylinder 601 is connected to the outer frame 604 via a ball joint connection. By using the toothed columns 602 to drive the extension and retraction of the adjustable rods 603, the relative position between the outer frame 604 and the inner cylinder 601 can be changed, thereby achieving switching control of the rising steam flow channel within the regeneration tower 2. This provides a structural basis for the subsequent selective formation of a first flow channel through the central region or a second flow channel through the peripheral region of the mass transfer structure 9.

[0061] When multiple adjusting rods 603 retract inward simultaneously, the adjusting rods 603 pull the outer frame 604, causing its hinged section to bend towards the axis. (See [link]). Figure 11 and Figure 12 The purpose is to squeeze the packing material arranged between the mass transfer structures 9 through the flow channel switching mechanism 6, so that the packing layer and the inner wall of the regeneration tower 2 form a gap, forming a second flow channel; conversely, when multiple adjusting rods 603 expand outward simultaneously, the adjusting rods 603 push the outer rail 604 so that its hinge section bends towards the outer wall to restore the arc shape. The purpose is to release the packing material arranged between the mass transfer structures 9 through the flow channel switching mechanism 6, forming a first flow channel and expanding the area of ​​the packing layer covering the flow channel inside the tower.

[0062] In this embodiment, the packing layer of the mass transfer structure 9 can be a structured packing or random packing made of metal, ceramic or plastic, such as corrugated packing, Raschig rings and Pall rings. The material and type of the packing do not affect the performance of the flow channel switching mechanism 6 of the present invention, so they are not specifically limited here.

[0063] The absorption tower 1 of the present invention is equipped with a flow channel switching mechanism 6. Its main purpose is that existing separation devices can only use fixed packing layers regardless of the carbon dioxide content, flow rate, or efficiency of the waste gas. Fixed packing layers not only require sufficient heating, which consumes a lot of energy, but also have a slow flow rate and extremely low efficiency, making them unsuitable for separating low-concentration, low-flow carbon-containing waste gas. Therefore, the flow channel switching mechanism 6 of the present invention can select and switch the flow channel of the packing layer according to the needs. If the concentration is high, all sets of packing layers are switched to the first flow channel to fully heat and separate a large amount of carbon dioxide. If the concentration is low, only one set of packing layers needs to switch to the first flow channel, while the rest are switched to the second flow channel. This not only improves the separation efficiency but also saves the energy consumption required for heating. Furthermore, in the second flow channel state, water vapor flows closely against the inner wall of the absorption tower 1, and the outer heat-conducting layer can fully recover heat, further saving energy consumption.

[0064] In an embodiment of the present invention, the outer frame 604 includes a hinge frame A6041 and a hinge frame B6042. The ball end of the hinge frame A6041 is connected to the end of the adjusting rod 603 away from the inner cylinder 601. The hinge frame B6042 is hinged to the hinge frame A6041. The two adjacent hinge frames A6041 and B6042 are hinged together.

[0065] In this invention, hinge frame A6041 is connected to the end of adjusting rod 603 away from inner cylinder 601 via a ball joint connection. This ball joint connection design allows hinge frame A6041 to flexibly adapt to positional changes as adjusting rod 603 extends, retracts, or undergoes minor angle adjustments. Hinge frame B6042 is directly hinged to hinge frame A6041. Furthermore, adjacent hinge frames A6041, B6042, and A6041 and B6042 are all connected by hinges. This multi-component hinged structure gives outer frame 604 excellent deformation capability. When adjusting rod 603 extends or retracts radially along inner cylinder 601 under the drive of toothed column 602, outer frame 604 can adjust its overall diameter or shape through rotation at each hinge point, thereby cooperating with inner cylinder 601 to switch the upward steam flow channel within regeneration tower 2.

[0066] In an embodiment of the present invention, hinge frame A6041 and hinge frame B6042 include a female frame 6043, a sleeve 6044 and a male frame 6045. The ball joint of the female frame 6043 is connected to the end of the adjusting rod 603 away from the inner cylinder 601. The sleeve 6044 is fixedly and symmetrically connected to the female frame 6043. The female frame 6043 is movably sleeved on the male frame 6045 through the sleeve 6044.

[0067] In an embodiment of the present invention, telescopic sleeves 6046 are fixedly provided at equal vertical intervals on the inner walls of hinge frame A6041 and hinge frame B6042, and telescopic inserts 6047 are fixedly provided at equal vertical intervals on the inner walls of hinge frame A6041 and hinge frame B6042, with the telescopic sleeves 6046 and the telescopic inserts 6047 being movably inserted between each other.

[0068] In an embodiment of the present invention, the inner cylinder 601 is provided with a plurality of sets of insertion holes 6011 at equal intervals in an annular shape, the adjusting rod 603 is movably inserted into the insertion holes 6011, the adjusting rod 603 is provided with a toothed groove 6031, and the toothed column 602 is engaged with the toothed groove 6031.

[0069] In this invention, both hinge frames A6041 and B6042 are composed of a female frame 6043, a sleeve 6044, and a male frame 6045. The female frame 6043 is connected to the end of the adjusting rod 603 away from the inner cylinder 601 via a ball joint. The sleeve 6044 is symmetrically fixed to the female frame 6043. The female frame 6043 is movably fitted onto the male frame 6045 via the sleeve 6044. Through the fitted cooperation of the female and male frames, the hinge can be achieved. The overall length of the connecting frame can be finely adjusted to adapt to different flow channel switching requirements. At the same time, telescopic sleeves 6046 and telescopic rods 6047 are fixed vertically and equally at intervals on the inner walls of both hinge frames A6041 and B6042. The telescopic sleeves 6046 and telescopic rods 6047 are movably inserted. This structure not only enhances the structural strength of the hinge frame itself, but also does not affect its deformation action through the hinge point, ensuring the stability of the hinge frame shape during flow channel switching.

[0070] In addition, the inner cylinder 601 has several sets of insertion holes 6011 arranged in a ring at equal intervals. The adjusting rod 603 is movably inserted into the insertion holes 6011. The insertion holes 6011 provide guidance for the radial movement of the adjusting rod 603 and prevent the adjusting rod from deviating. The adjusting rod 603 has a toothed groove 6031. The toothed column 602 is meshed with the toothed groove 6031. When the toothed column 602 rotates, the adjusting rod 603 can be precisely driven to extend and retract along the insertion holes 6011 through the toothed groove 6031, thereby driving the outer frame 604 to adjust its position and providing stable power transmission for the flow channel switching.

[0071] In another embodiment of the present invention, the flow channel switching mechanism 6 further includes a hemispherical shell 605, a carrier plate 606 is provided at the bottom end of the hemispherical shell 605, self-locking units 607 are provided in a ring at equal intervals on the carrier plate 606, a clutch unit 608 is provided at the center of the carrier plate 606, an adjustment unit 609 is provided at the output end of the clutch unit 608, the output end of the self-locking unit 607 is inserted into the gear column 602, and the adjustment unit 609 is engaged with the input end of the self-locking unit 607.

[0072] The carrier plate 606 has rotating holes 6061 arranged in a ring at equal intervals. The output end of the self-locking unit 607 is rotatably inserted into the rotating hole 6061. The carrier plate 606 has a movable hole 6062 at the center position. The output end of the clutch unit 608 is movably inserted into the movable hole 6062.

[0073] In this invention, a carrier plate 606 is fixedly installed at the bottom of the hemispherical shell 605. The carrier plate 606 serves as a mounting base for functional units. On one hand, self-locking units 607 are arranged at equal intervals in a ring, and the output end of the self-locking unit 607 is inserted into the toothed column 602. After the flow channel is switched to the correct position, the toothed column 602 can be locked to prevent it from rotating unexpectedly due to airflow impact or equipment vibration in the regeneration tower 2, thus ensuring the stability of the flow channel shape. On the other hand, a clutch unit 608 is assembled at the center of the carrier plate 606. The output end of the clutch unit 608 is connected to the adjustment unit 609, and the adjustment unit 609 meshes with the input end of the self-locking unit 607. By driving the adjustment unit 609 through the clutch unit 608, the self-locking unit 607 can be switched to the locking state, providing the preconditions for the rotation and adjustment of the toothed column 602.

[0074] Meanwhile, the carrier plate 606 has rotating holes 6061 at equal intervals in a ring shape corresponding to the position of the self-locking unit 607. The output end of the self-locking unit 607 is rotatably inserted into the rotating hole 6061. The rotating hole 6061 provides guidance and support for the movement of the output end of the self-locking unit 607, ensuring that it is accurately inserted into the toothed column 602. The center position of the carrier plate 606 has a movable hole 6062 corresponding to the clutch unit 608. The output end of the clutch unit 608 is movably inserted into the movable hole 6062, which not only reserves space for the extension or rotation movement of the output end of the clutch unit 608, but also prevents it from deviating, ensuring the stability of the meshing transmission between the adjustment unit 609 and the self-locking unit 607.

[0075] In another embodiment of the present invention, the self-locking unit 607 includes a support block 6071, a worm gear 6072, a bevel gear 6073, a worm wheel 6074, and a drive rod 6075. The support block 6071 is fixedly arranged in a ring at equal intervals on the carrier plate 606. The worm gear 6072 is rotatably inserted into the support block 6071. The bevel gear 6073 is fixedly arranged at one end of the worm gear 6072. The worm wheel 6074 is rotatably inserted into the rotating hole 6061. The end of the worm gear 6072 away from the bevel gear 6073 is meshed with the worm wheel 6074. The drive rod 6075 is fixedly suspended at the bottom end of the worm wheel 6074 and is connected to the gear column 602. The bevel gear 6073 is adapted to the adjustment unit 609.

[0076] In this invention, support blocks 6071 are fixed to the carrier plate 606 at equal annular intervals, providing a stable mounting base for the worm gear 6072. The worm gear 6072 is rotatably inserted into the support block 6071, with a bevel gear 6073 fixedly mounted at one end. The bevel gear 6073 is adapted to the adjustment unit 609 and can receive power from the adjustment unit 609. The end of the worm gear 6072 away from the bevel gear 6073 meshes with a worm wheel 6074 rotatably inserted into the rotating hole 6061 of the carrier plate 606, forming a self-locking transmission structure. This structure has both speed reduction and torque amplification characteristics and reverse self-locking characteristics, which can convert the rotation of the worm gear 6072 into the low-speed stable rotation of the worm wheel 6074. The worm wheel 6074 is fixed to rotate, which also prevents the worm gear 6072 from being driven in the opposite direction by external force, thus ensuring transmission stability. The bottom end of the worm wheel 6074 is fixedly equipped with a drive rod 6075, and the drive rod 6075 is connected to the gear column 602. When the adjustment unit 609 drives the bevel gear 6073 to drive the worm gear 6072 to rotate, the worm wheel 6074 will drive the gear column 602 to rotate synchronously through the drive rod 6075, thereby driving the adjustment rod 603 to extend and retract to achieve flow channel switching. When the adjustment unit 609 stops operating, the self-locking characteristic can fix the position of the worm wheel 6074 and restrict the rotation of the gear column 602 through the drive rod 6075 to achieve stable locking of the flow channel shape.

[0077] In another embodiment of the present invention, the clutch unit 608 includes a cylinder 6081 and a servo motor 6082. The cylinder 6081 is fixedly suspended at the bottom end of the carrier plate 606. The output end of the cylinder 6081 is movably inserted into the movable hole 6062. The servo motor 6082 is connected to the output end of the cylinder 6081. The adjustment unit 609 is fixedly connected to the output end of the servo motor 6082.

[0078] The adjustment unit 609 includes a rotating drum 6091 and a bevel gear 6092. The rotating drum 6091 is fixedly connected to the output end of the servo motor 6082, and the bevel gear 6092 is fixedly connected to the bottom end of the rotating drum 6091. The bevel gear 6092 is adapted to the bevel gear 6073.

[0079] In this invention, the clutch unit 608 consists of a cylinder 6081 and a servo motor 6082. The cylinder 6081 is fixedly suspended at the bottom of the carrier plate 606, and its output end is movably inserted into the movable hole 6062 at the center of the carrier plate 606, which can achieve axial extension and retraction along the movable hole 6062. The servo motor 6082 is connected to the output end of the cylinder 6081 and adjusts its height position synchronously with the extension and retraction of the cylinder 6081. The adjustment unit 609 is fixedly connected to the output end of the servo motor 6082 and is provided with rotational power by the servo motor 6082.

[0080] The adjustment unit 609 includes a rotating drum 6091 and a faceted gear 6092. The rotating drum 6091 is fixedly connected to the output end of the servo motor 6082, and the faceted gear 6092 is fixed at the bottom end of the rotating drum 6091 and is adapted to the bevel gear 6073 of the self-locking unit 607. When the self-locking unit 607 needs to be driven to adjust the gear column 602, the cylinder 6081 drives the servo motor 6082 and the adjustment unit 609 to move downward as a whole, so that the faceted gear 6092 meshes with the bevel gear 6073; then the servo motor 6082 drives the rotating drum 6091 and the faceted gear 6092 to rotate, and transmits power to the bevel gear 6073 through gear meshing, which in turn drives the worm gear 6072 of the self-locking unit 607 to rotate, and finally realizes the rotational adjustment of the gear column 602; when the flow channel is switched to the position, the cylinder 6081 drives the adjustment unit 609 to move upward, so that the faceted gear 6092 disengages from the bevel gear 6073, and with the self-locking characteristics of the self-locking unit 607 itself, the position of the gear column 602 is kept stable, and the flow channel is prevented from deviating.

[0081] It is worth noting that the present invention, through the cooperation of clutch unit 608 and self-locking unit 607, can achieve precise driving and stable locking of flow channel switching. This not only ensures the stability and reliability of the flow channel shape, but also allows for fine adjustment of steam flow rate according to actual processing needs. By having the faceted gear 6092 mesh with only one bevel gear 6073, and only one set of self-locking unit 607 and gear column 602 rotate, only one set of outer frame 604 deforms, further optimizing the balance between energy consumption and desorption effect. This design significantly improves the adaptability and control accuracy of the equipment to complex working conditions, meeting the technical requirements of energy saving, consumption reduction and intelligent control for high-quality development in the chemical separation field.

[0082] Working principle: This embodiment provides a separation process for externally heated and recycled carbon dioxide, including the following steps:

[0083] Step 1: Carbon dioxide absorption and collection of carbon-rich amine solution;

[0084] Start the spraying mechanism 3 at the top of the absorption tower 1 to spray the regenerated lean amine solution evenly into the interior of the absorption tower 1;

[0085] The carbon dioxide-containing gas to be treated, such as industrial tail gas or biogas, is introduced into the lower part of the absorption tower 1 so that the lean carbon amine liquid and the carbon dioxide-containing gas can be fully contacted in the tower.

[0086] The active component in the amine solution undergoes a selective chemical reaction with carbon dioxide to form a carbon-rich amine solution that dissolves a large amount of carbon dioxide.

[0087] The carbon-rich amine liquid collects at the bottom of absorption tower 1 under gravity, completing the carbon dioxide absorption process.

[0088] Step 2: Conveying and preheating the carbon-rich amine solution in the regeneration tower;

[0089] The carbon-rich amine liquid collected at the bottom of the absorption tower 1 is transported to the carbon-rich amine liquid inlet at the top of the regeneration tower 2 through the solution delivery pipe 4, so that the carbon-rich amine liquid slowly enters the interior of the regeneration tower 2 and falls down along the tower wall.

[0090] Start the reboiler 7 and heat it with an external heat source, such as steam or heat transfer oil, so that the medium inside the reboiler 7 generates high-temperature steam.

[0091] High-temperature steam enters the heat spraying mechanism 8 through the steam inlet at the bottom of the regeneration tower 2. The heat spraying mechanism 8 evenly sprays the high-temperature steam into the regeneration tower 2, forming an upward steam flow to preheat the interior of the regeneration tower 2.

[0092] Step 3: Flow channel switching and regeneration of carbon-rich amine solution;

[0093] Based on the concentration and flow rate of the carbon-rich amine liquid in the regeneration tower 2 and the required desorption efficiency, the clutch unit 608 of the flow channel switching mechanism 6 is activated: the cylinder 6081 drives the servo motor 6082 and the adjustment unit 609 to move down, so that the faceted gear 6092 meshes with the bevel gear 6073 of the self-locking unit 607.

[0094] Start the servo motor 6082, which drives the drum 6091 and the faceted gear 6092 to rotate. Through gear meshing, the bevel gear 6073 and the worm 6072 are driven to rotate. The worm 6072 further drives the worm wheel 6074 and the drive rod 6075 to rotate, ultimately making the tooth column 602 rotate synchronously.

[0095] The toothed column 602 engages with the toothed groove 6031 of the adjusting rod 603, driving the adjusting rod 603 to extend and retract radially along the insertion hole 6011 of the inner cylinder 601, causing the hinge frame A6041 and hinge frame B6042 of the outer frame 604 to deform, selectively forming a first flow channel through the central region of the mass transfer structure 9 or a second flow channel through the peripheral region.

[0096] After the flow channel switching is completed, the cylinder 6081 drives the adjustment unit 609 to move upward, so that the notched gear 6092 and the bevel gear 6073 disengage. The self-locking characteristic is used to fix the position of the tooth column 602 to ensure the stability of the flow channel.

[0097] As the carbon-rich amine liquid falls within the regeneration tower 2, it comes into full contact with the rising steam flow passing through the selected flow channel at the mass transfer structure 9, completing the exchange of heat and mass. Carbon dioxide is desorbed from the carbon-rich amine liquid, and the resulting carbon dioxide gas is discharged and collected through the desorbed gas outlet at the top of the regeneration tower 2.

[0098] Step 4: Recycling and heat recovery of lean amine solution;

[0099] The carbon-lean amine solution after desorption of carbon dioxide is collected at the bottom of the regeneration tower 2 and transported back to the spray mechanism 3 of the absorption tower 1 through the first reuse pipe 5, so as to realize the recycling of the amine solution.

[0100] During the regeneration process, the heat on the outer wall of the mass transfer structure 9 section of the regeneration tower 2 is absorbed by the heat conduction layer 10. The absorbed heat is transported to the reboiler 7 through the second reuse pipe 11 to supplement the heat of the reboiler 7 and reduce the energy consumption of the external heat source.

[0101] Repeat steps one through four above to achieve continuous separation and treatment of carbon dioxide-containing gas.

[0102] The embodiments disclosed in this invention are preferred embodiments, but are not limited thereto. Those skilled in the art can easily understand the spirit of this invention based on the above embodiments and make different extensions and variations, but as long as they do not depart from the spirit of this invention, they are all within the protection scope of this invention.

Claims

1. A separation device for externally heated and recycled carbon dioxide, characterized in that, It includes an absorption tower (1), a regeneration tower (2), a reboiler (7), a mass transfer structure (9), and a thermal conductivity layer (10). The absorption tower (1) is equipped with a spraying mechanism (3) for spraying amine solution at the top and a carbon-rich amine solution outlet at the bottom; The top of the regeneration tower (2) is provided with a carbon-rich amine liquid inlet and a desorption gas outlet, and the bottom of the tower is provided with a carbon-lean amine liquid outlet and a steam inlet connected to the reboiler (7). The outlet of the carbon-rich amine liquid of the absorption tower (1) is connected to the inlet of the carbon-rich amine liquid of the regeneration tower (2) through the solution delivery pipe (4), and the outlet of the carbon-poor amine liquid of the regeneration tower (2) is connected to the spraying mechanism (3) through the first reuse pipe (5). The mass transfer structure (9) is located inside the regeneration tower (2), and the reboiler (7) is connected to the steam inlet at the bottom of the regeneration tower (2) and provides an upward steam flow into the regeneration tower (2) through the heat injection mechanism (8); The mass transfer structure (9) is provided with a flow channel switching mechanism (6) for selectively forming a first flow channel through the central region of the mass transfer structure (9) or a second flow channel through the peripheral region of the mass transfer structure (9). The thermal conductive layer (10) is wrapped around the outer wall of the mass transfer structure (9) section of the regeneration tower (2). The thermal conductive layer (10) is connected to the reboiler (7) through the second reuse pipe (11) to reuse the heat of the outer wall of the regeneration tower (2) to the reboiler (7). The flow channel switching mechanism (6) includes an inner cylinder (601), which is disposed on the mass transfer structure (9). The inner cylinder (601) is provided with toothed columns (602) in an annular shape with equal intervals inside. An adjusting rod (603) is inserted into the inner cylinder (601) in an annular shape with equal intervals. The end of the adjusting rod (603) near the inner cylinder (601) is engaged with the toothed column (602), and the ball end of the adjusting rod (603) away from the inner cylinder (601) is connected to an outer rail (604). The outer frame (604) includes a hinge frame A (6041) and a hinge frame B (6042). The ball joint of the hinge frame A (6041) is connected to the end of the adjusting rod (603) away from the inner cylinder (601). The hinge frame B (6042) is hinged to the hinge frame A (6041). The two adjacent hinge frames A (6041) and B (6042) are hinged. The mass transfer structure (9) is a packing layer, and the flow channel switching mechanism (6) is set on the bottom support plate of the packing layer. The first flow channel and the second flow channel are switched by changing the opening and closing state of the channel on the support plate.

2. The separation device for externally heated and recycled carbon dioxide according to claim 1, characterized in that, The hinge frame A (6041) and the hinge frame B (6042) include a female frame (6043), a sleeve (6044) and a male frame (6045). The ball head of the female frame (6043) is connected to the end of the adjusting rod (603) away from the inner cylinder (601). The sleeve (6044) is fixedly and symmetrically connected to the female frame (6043). The female frame (6043) is movably sleeved on the male frame (6045) through the sleeve (6044).

3. The separation device for externally heated and recycled carbon dioxide according to claim 2, characterized in that, Telescopic sleeves (6046) are fixedly installed at equal intervals on the inner walls of the hinge frame A (6041) and the hinge frame B (6042) at equal intervals. Telescopic inserts (6047) are fixedly installed at equal intervals on the inner walls of the hinge frame A (6041) and the hinge frame B (6042) at equal intervals. The telescopic sleeves (6046) and the telescopic inserts (6047) are movably inserted between each other.

4. The separation device for externally heated and recycled carbon dioxide according to claim 1, characterized in that, The inner cylinder (601) has several sets of insertion holes (6011) arranged in a ring at equal intervals. The adjusting rod (603) is movably inserted into the insertion holes (6011). The adjusting rod (603) has a toothed groove (6031). The toothed column (602) is engaged with the toothed groove (6031).

5. The separation device for externally heated and recycled carbon dioxide according to claim 1, characterized in that, The flow channel switching mechanism (6) further includes a hemispherical shell (605), a carrier plate (606) at the bottom of the hemispherical shell (605), self-locking units (607) are provided in a ring at equal intervals on the carrier plate (606), a clutch unit (608) is provided at the center of the carrier plate (606), an adjustment unit (609) is provided at the output end of the clutch unit (608), the output end of the self-locking unit (607) is inserted into the gear column (602), and the adjustment unit (609) is engaged with the input end of the self-locking unit (607). The carrier plate (606) has rotating holes (6061) arranged in a ring at equal intervals. The output end of the self-locking unit (607) is rotatably inserted into the rotating hole (6061). The carrier plate (606) has a movable hole (6062) at the center position. The output end of the clutch unit (608) is movably inserted into the movable hole (6062).

6. The separation device for externally heated and recycled carbon dioxide according to claim 5, characterized in that, The self-locking unit (607) includes a support block (6071), a worm gear (6072), a bevel gear (6073), a worm wheel (6074), and a drive rod (6075). The support block (6071) is fixedly mounted on the carrier plate (606) in a ring with equal spacing. The worm gear (6072) is rotatably inserted into the support block (6071). The bevel gear (6073) is fixedly mounted on one end of the worm gear (6072). The worm gear (6074) is rotatably inserted into the rotating hole (6061). The end of the worm (6072) away from the bevel gear (6073) is meshed with the worm gear (6074). The drive rod (6075) is fixedly suspended at the bottom end of the worm gear (6074). The drive rod (6075) is connected to the gear column (602). The bevel gear (6073) is adapted to the adjustment unit (609).

7. The separation device for externally heated and recycled carbon dioxide according to claim 6, characterized in that, The clutch unit (608) includes a cylinder (6081) and a servo motor (6082). The cylinder (6081) is fixedly suspended at the bottom of the carrier plate (606). The output end of the cylinder (6081) is movably inserted into the movable hole (6062). The servo motor (6082) is connected to the output end of the cylinder (6081). The adjustment unit (609) is fixedly connected to the output end of the servo motor (6082). The adjustment unit (609) includes a rotating drum (6091) and a bevel gear (6092). The rotating drum (6091) is fixedly connected to the output end of the servo motor (6082), and the bevel gear (6092) is fixedly connected to the bottom end of the rotating drum (6091). The bevel gear (6092) is adapted to the bevel gear (6073).

8. A process using a separation device for externally heated and recycled carbon dioxide as described in any one of claims 1-7, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: Step 1: Carbon dioxide absorption and collection of carbon-rich amine solution; Start the spraying mechanism (3) at the top of the absorption tower (1) and spray the regenerated lean amine liquid evenly into the inside of the absorption tower (1); The carbon dioxide-containing gas to be treated is introduced into the lower part of the absorption tower (1) so that the carbon-lean amine liquid and the carbon dioxide-containing gas can be fully contacted in the tower; The active component in the amine solution undergoes a selective chemical reaction with carbon dioxide to form a carbon-rich amine solution that dissolves a large amount of carbon dioxide. The carbon-rich amine liquid is collected at the bottom of the absorption tower (1) under the action of gravity, thus completing the carbon dioxide absorption process; Step 2: Conveying and preheating the carbon-rich amine solution in the regeneration tower; The carbon-rich amine liquid collected at the bottom of the absorption tower (1) is transported to the carbon-rich amine liquid inlet at the top of the regeneration tower (2) through the solution delivery pipe (4), so that the carbon-rich amine liquid slowly enters the interior of the regeneration tower (2) and falls down along the tower wall. Start the reboiler (7) and heat the reboiler (7) with an external heat source to generate high-temperature steam in the medium inside the reboiler (7); High-temperature steam enters the heat spraying mechanism (8) through the steam inlet at the bottom of the regeneration tower (2). The heat spraying mechanism (8) evenly sprays the high-temperature steam into the regeneration tower (2) to form an upward steam flow, which preheats the interior of the regeneration tower (2). Step 3: Flow channel switching and regeneration of carbon-rich amine solution; According to the concentration, flow rate and required desorption efficiency of the carbon-rich amine liquid in the regeneration tower (2), the clutch unit (608) of the flow channel switching mechanism (6) is activated: the cylinder (6081) drives the servo motor (6082) and the adjustment unit (609) to move down, so that the faceted gear (6092) meshes with the bevel gear (6073) of the self-locking unit (607); Start the servo motor (6082) to drive the drum (6091) and the faceted gear (6092) to rotate. Through gear meshing, drive the bevel gear (6073) and worm (6072) to rotate. The worm (6072) further drives the worm wheel (6074) and the drive rod (6075) to rotate, and finally make the gear column (602) rotate synchronously. The toothed column (602) engages with the toothed groove (6031) of the adjusting rod (603), driving the adjusting rod (603) to extend and retract radially along the insertion hole (6011) of the inner cylinder (601), thereby causing the hinge frame A (6041) and hinge frame B (6042) of the outer frame (604) to deform, selectively forming a first flow channel through the central region of the mass transfer structure (9) or a second flow channel through the peripheral region; After the flow channel switching is completed, the cylinder (6081) drives the adjustment unit (609) to move upward, so that the faceted gear (6092) and the bevel gear (6073) disengage. The self-locking characteristic is used to fix the position of the tooth column (602) to ensure the stability of the flow channel. During the process of the carbon-rich amine liquid falling in the regeneration tower (2), it comes into full contact with the rising steam flow passing through the selected flow channel at the mass transfer structure (9) to complete the heat and mass exchange. Carbon dioxide is desorbed from the carbon-rich amine liquid, and the resulting carbon dioxide gas is discharged and collected through the desorbed gas outlet at the top of the regeneration tower (2). Step 4: Recycling and heat recovery of lean amine solution; The carbon-deficient amine solution after desorption of carbon dioxide is collected at the bottom of the regeneration tower (2) and transported back to the spray mechanism (3) of the absorption tower (1) through the first reuse pipe (5) to realize the recycling of the amine solution; During the regeneration process, the heat on the outer wall of the mass transfer structure (9) section of the regeneration tower (2) is absorbed by the heat conduction layer (10), and the absorbed heat is transported to the reboiler (7) through the second reuse pipe (11) to supplement the heat of the reboiler (7) and reduce the energy consumption of the external heat source. Repeat steps one through four above to achieve continuous separation and treatment of carbon dioxide-containing gas.

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