Wheel welding residual stress precise regulation and control method based on cyclic load

Abstract

The invention discloses a cyclic load-based wheel welding residual stress precise regulation and control method, which relates to the technical field of wheel welding regulation and control, and comprises the following steps: applying a unilateral eccentric load to a connection area of a wheel rim and a spoke; successive migration along the circumference in a rotary propelling mode refers to directional migration of induced welding residual stress under the asymmetric cyclic preloading technology. And the acceleration response phase difference of the welding seam position on the surface of the wheel is collected, the resonance coupling point of the frequency interval is locked, and the wheel welding residual stress is precisely regulated and controlled with the resonance coupling point as the center. According to the method, pertinence and space matching performance of stress regulation and control are remarkably improved, on the premise of not depending on high-temperature treatment, the residual tensile stress peak value of a welding area is effectively reduced, stress distribution uniformity is optimized, the size stability and anti-fatigue performance of a wheel structure are improved, meanwhile, the method has the advantages of being low in energy consumption, high in efficiency, high in process controllability and the like, and the method is suitable for large-scale popularization and application. The method is suitable for green intelligent manufacturing of high-performance wheels.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of wheel welding control, and in particular to a method for accurately controlling wheel welding residual stress based on cyclic loading. Background Art

[0002] With the rapid development of modern rail transit and the automotive industry, high speed, heavy load, energy saving and intelligence have become the core directions of technological progress. Rail transit vehicles are constantly moving towards higher speed levels, while new energy vehicles continue to pursue lightweight design and long endurance. Against this development background, wheels, as key load-bearing components for vehicle operation safety, face more stringent challenges in terms of structural integrity, fatigue life and dimensional stability.

[0003] At present, traditional technologies such as thermal aging or vibration aging are generally used to regulate the residual stress of wheel welding. The main defect is that the regulation process is disconnected from the actual stress state of the wheel in service, and there is a lack of simulation and response to the cyclic load environment, which leads to the blind and uncontrollable release and redistribution of residual stress. It is difficult to achieve accurate stress distribution that matches the alternating stress of the wheel during operation. Especially under complex working conditions, local stress concentration or uneven regulation is prone to occur, affecting the stable improvement of fatigue performance. Summary of the Invention

[0004] In view of the problems existing in the existing method for accurately controlling wheel welding residual stress based on cyclic loading, the present invention is proposed.

[0005] Therefore, the problem to be solved by the present invention is: how to overcome the technical defects of the traditional welding residual stress control method being out of touch with the actual service load of the wheel, the control process being blind, and the difficulty in achieving accurate stress distribution.

[0006] In order to solve the above technical problems, the present invention provides the following technical solutions:

[0007] In a first aspect, an embodiment of the present invention provides a method for precisely controlling wheel welding residual stress based on cyclic loading, which includes placing the wheel welding process in a dynamic simulation loading system and applying a unilateral eccentric load to the connection area between the wheel rim and the spoke through an asymmetric cyclic preloading technique;

[0008] The unilateral eccentric load is gradually shifted along the circumference in a rotating advancement manner. The gradual migration along the circumference in a rotating advancement manner refers to inducing directional migration of welding residual stress under the asymmetric cyclic preloading technology;

[0009] Based on the angle at which directional migration occurs and the inherent vibration modal characteristics of the wheel structure, the frequency range of the asymmetric cyclic preload is extracted, the acceleration response phase difference of the weld position on the wheel surface is collected, and the resonant coupling point in the frequency range is locked. With the resonant coupling point as the center, the wheel welding residual stress is precisely controlled.

[0010] As a preferred embodiment of the method for precise control of residual stress in wheel welding based on cyclic loading according to the present invention, placing the wheel welding process in a dynamic simulation loading system means installing the wheel workpiece in an integrated dynamic loading welding fixture, utilizing the current welding arc forward direction in the integrated dynamic loading welding fixture to present an angle arrangement and adjust the offset during the installation of the wheel workpiece;

[0011] When the offset distance of the wheel workpiece installation to be adjusted is moved according to the angle arrangement, the hydraulic servo system is started to lock the moved area;

[0012] The hydraulic servo system refers to an eccentric adjustment mechanism in an integrated dynamic loading welding tooling, which enables the wheel to form a radial offset during operation, and is arranged at an angle according to the direction of the radial offset and the current welding arc forward direction.

[0013] As a preferred embodiment of the method for precisely controlling wheel welding residual stress based on cyclic loading according to the present invention, the step of applying a unilateral eccentric load to the connection area between the wheel rim and the spoke comprises the following steps:

[0014] When the angle arrangement is complete, static preload is applied to establish the initial contact state;

[0015] Aligning the preset loading position of the connection area between the wheel rim and the spoke, entering the asymmetric cyclic preloading phase, and controlling the execution of applying the static preload;

[0016] The control of applying static preload includes collecting the pressure signal of the initial contact state by means of a sensor, and when the pressure value reaches a preset threshold When the pressure reaches the preset threshold, the pressure is fed back to the hydraulic servo system to trigger the pressure holding mode. The formula for determining whether the pressure reaches the preset threshold is:

[0017]

[0018] Where N represents the number of sampling points, Indicates the average pressure value, ε 2 Indicates the square value of the allowable error, P(t i ) represents the time point t i The collected pressure value;

[0019] In the pressure maintaining mode, a dual-valve coordinated adjustment mechanism is adopted. The main oil supply valve stops supplying oil and switches to the proportional throttle valve control mode. Micro-flow closed-loop adjustment is performed on the oil inlet and outlet channels of the actuator cylinder to complete the control of applying static preload.

[0020] As a preferred embodiment of the method for precisely controlling residual stress in wheel welding based on cyclic loading according to the present invention, the directional migration under the asymmetric cyclic preloading technique includes activating a circumferential rotation propulsion mechanism after completing the control of applying a static preload force, and rotating the wheel workpiece in a circumferential direction in fixed angle increments through a step-by-step rotation drive process built into the integrated dynamic loading welding tooling, with each step angle corresponding to a preset loading interval;

[0021] After each successful step-by-step rotation, the position encoder is used to calculate the rotation angle during the step-by-step rotation drive process. The specific calculation formula is:

[0022]

[0023] Among them, θ k represents the angle corresponding to the loading position after the kth step rotation, n represents the number of loading intervals evenly divided along the wheel circumference, k represents the current step rotation sequence number, Δθ corr，k Indicates the angle compensation value of the kth step;

[0024] When the rotation angle deviation of the second step rotation drive process is less than θ k When the position encoder is used, the angle of rotation during the step-by-step rotation drive is recalculated.

[0025] As a preferred embodiment of the method for precise control of wheel welding residual stress based on cyclic load of the present invention, the frequency range of extracting asymmetric cyclic preload includes the angle θ obtained after each step rotation. k , the angle θ k The corresponding spatial position is mapped to the nodal coordinate system of the wheel structure to determine the set of cells covered by the current loading area;

[0026] The modal strain energy density distribution of the unit set in the non-rigid mode is extracted. The extraction formula is:

[0027]

[0028] Among them, η i (θ k ) represents the weighted energy proportion of the i-th order mode, U i (θ k ) represents the modal strain energy density distribution of the i-th mode, n represents the first n-order non-rigid modes, Uj (θ k ) represents the modal strain energy density distribution of the j-th mode;

[0029] Select η i (θ k )>η th The dominant mode order of the corresponding natural frequency f i , for angle θ k In the sector where the modal frequency is located, the initial scanning frequency band is constructed with the dominant modal frequency as the center:

[0030] [f i -Δf,f i +Δf]

[0031] Where Δf represents the bandwidth factor determined by the material damping ratio, f i Indicates the natural frequency.

[0032] As a preferred embodiment of the wheel welding residual stress precise control method based on cyclic load of the present invention, wherein: the phase difference of the acceleration response of the weld position on the wheel surface is collected at the natural frequency f i A small amplitude sweep frequency excitation signal is applied internally and superimposed on the asymmetric cyclic preload, and the corresponding angle θ of the weld area is collected synchronously. k Acceleration response signal of the position, calculate the phase difference of the response signal between adjacent measuring points

[0033] As a preferred solution of the wheel welding residual stress precise control method based on cyclic load of the present invention, wherein: the resonant coupling point of the locking frequency range is included in the natural frequency f i When the phase difference The span angle θ appears k When the natural frequency f is recorded i , is the local resonance coupling point at the current angle. The local resonance coupling point is used as the center of the resonance coupling point to complete the precise control of the wheel welding residual stress.

[0034] In a second aspect, an embodiment of the present invention provides a precise control system for residual stress in wheel welding based on cyclic loading, which includes: an asymmetric cyclic preloading technology module, which places the wheel welding process in a dynamic simulation loading system during the wheel welding process and applies a unilateral eccentric load to the connection area between the wheel rim and the spoke through the asymmetric cyclic preloading technology;

[0035] A directional migration module, wherein the unilateral eccentric load is successively shifted along the circumference in a rotational propulsion manner, wherein the rotational propulsion manner is used to successively shift along the circumference to induce directional migration of welding residual stress under an asymmetric cyclic preloading technique;

[0036] The wheel welding residual stress precise control module is based on the angle of directional migration and the inherent vibration modal characteristics of the wheel structure. It extracts the frequency range of asymmetric cyclic preload, collects the acceleration response phase difference of the weld position on the wheel surface, locks the resonant coupling point in the frequency range, and uses the resonant coupling point as the center to achieve precise control of the wheel welding residual stress.

[0037] In a third aspect, an embodiment of the present invention provides a computer device comprising a memory and a processor, wherein the memory stores a computer program, wherein: when the processor executes the computer program, any step of the above-mentioned method for precise control of wheel welding residual stress based on cyclic load is implemented.

[0038] In a fourth aspect, an embodiment of the present invention provides a computer-readable storage medium having a computer program stored thereon, wherein: when the computer program is executed by a processor, any step of the above-mentioned method for precise control of wheel welding residual stress based on cyclic load is implemented.

[0039] The beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows: the present invention introduces an asymmetric preload and dynamic response control mechanism based on cyclic loads during the wheel welding process, thereby breaking through the limitations of the static and integrated treatment of traditional aging treatment methods, and realizing the coordinated matching of the welding residual stress field and the actual service conditions. Through the rotational propulsion loading of a unilateral eccentric load, the residual stress is induced to migrate directionally along the circumference of the weld. Combined with the resonance coupling point identification based on modal characteristics and phase response, the frequency parameters of the control load are accurately determined, which significantly improves the pertinence and spatial matching of stress control. Without relying on high-temperature treatment, the present invention effectively reduces the peak residual tensile stress in the welding area, optimizes the uniformity of stress distribution, and improves the dimensional stability and fatigue resistance of the wheel structure. At the same time, it has the advantages of low energy consumption, high efficiency, and strong process controllability, and is suitable for the green and intelligent manufacturing of high-performance wheels. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0040] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the following briefly introduces the drawings required for describing the embodiments. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. Those skilled in the art can also derive other drawings based on these drawings without inventive effort. Among them:

[0041] Figure 1 Flowchart of the method for precise control of wheel welding residual stress based on cyclic loading provided in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0042] Figure 2 A schematic diagram of a system for accurately controlling wheel welding residual stress based on cyclic loading provided in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0043] Figure 3 A schematic structural diagram of a medium in a method for precisely controlling wheel welding residual stress based on cyclic loading provided in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0044] Figure 4 A schematic diagram of the structure of a computing device for the method for precise control of wheel welding residual stress based on cyclic loading provided in an embodiment of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0045] To make the above-mentioned objects, features, and advantages of the present invention more clearly understood, the following detailed description of the specific embodiments of the present invention is given in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. It is obvious that the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of them. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary persons in this field without creative work should fall within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0046] In the following description, many specific details are set forth to facilitate a full understanding of the present invention. However, the present invention may also be implemented in other ways different from those described herein. Those skilled in the art may make similar generalizations without violating the connotation of the present invention. Therefore, the present invention is not limited to the specific embodiments disclosed below.

[0047] Secondly, the term "one embodiment" or "embodiment" herein refers to a specific feature, structure, or characteristic that may be included in at least one implementation of the present invention. The phrase "in one embodiment" appearing in various places throughout this specification does not necessarily refer to the same embodiment, nor does it refer to a separate or selective embodiment that is mutually exclusive of other embodiments.

[0048] The present invention is described in detail with reference to schematic diagrams. For ease of illustration, cross-sectional views of device structures may be partially enlarged and not to scale when describing embodiments of the present invention. Furthermore, the schematic diagrams are merely illustrative and should not limit the scope of the present invention. Furthermore, in actual production, the three-dimensional dimensions of length, width, and depth should be included.

[0049] In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that the terms "upper, lower, inner, and outer" and other references to orientations or positional relationships are based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the accompanying drawings and are intended solely to facilitate and simplify the description of the present invention. They are not intended to indicate or imply that the devices or components referred to must have, be constructed, or operate in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be construed as limitations on the present invention. Furthermore, the terms "first, second, or third" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance.

[0050] In this disclosure, unless otherwise specified or limited, the terms "mounted," "connected," and "connected" should be interpreted broadly. For example, they may refer to fixed, removable, or integral connections. They may also refer to mechanical, electrical, or direct connections, indirect connections through an intermediary, or internal communication between two components. Those skilled in the art will understand the specific meanings of these terms in this disclosure.

[0051] Example 1

[0052] Reference Figures 1 to 4 , which is the first embodiment of the present invention, provides a method for accurately controlling wheel welding residual stress based on cyclic loading, comprising:

[0053] S1: During the wheel welding process, the wheel welding process is placed in a dynamic simulation loading system, and a unilateral eccentric load is applied to the connection area between the wheel rim and the spoke through the asymmetric cyclic preloading technology.

[0054] Placing the wheel welding process in a dynamic simulation loading system means installing the wheel workpiece in an integrated dynamic loading welding fixture, utilizing the current welding arc forward direction in the integrated dynamic loading welding fixture to present an angle arrangement and adjust the offset during the wheel workpiece installation process;

[0055] When the offset distance of the wheel workpiece installation to be adjusted is moved according to the angle arrangement, the hydraulic servo system is started to lock the moved area;

[0056] The hydraulic servo system refers to an eccentric adjustment mechanism in the integrated dynamic loading welding tooling, which enables the wheel to form a radial offset during operation, and is arranged at an angle to the current welding arc forward direction according to the direction of the radial offset.

[0057] Furthermore, a unilateral eccentric load means that the loading force acts only on a local area on one side of the wheel circumference, and its line of action does not pass through the geometric center of the wheel, thereby generating an additional bending moment around the central axis on the wheel body. This load presents a cyclic characteristic in which the compression segment and the tension segment are asymmetric in amplitude, duration or rate.

[0058] S1.1: Applying a unilateral eccentric load to the wheel rim and spoke junction area includes the following steps:

[0059] When the angle arrangement is complete, static preload is applied to establish the initial contact state;

[0060] Aligning the preset loading position of the connection area between the wheel rim and the spoke, entering the asymmetric cyclic preloading phase, and controlling the execution of applying the static preload;

[0061] The execution of controlling the application of static preload includes collecting the pressure signal of the initial contact state by means of a sensor, and when the pressure value reaches a preset threshold When the pressure reaches the preset threshold, the feedback is sent to the hydraulic servo system to trigger the pressure holding mode. The formula for judging whether the pressure value reaches the preset threshold is:

[0062]

[0063] Where N represents the number of sampling points, Indicates the average pressure value, ε 2 Indicates the square value of the allowable error, P(t i ) represents the time point t i The collected pressure value;

[0064] In the pressure maintaining mode, a dual-valve coordinated adjustment mechanism is adopted. The main oil supply valve stops supplying oil and switches to the proportional throttle valve control mode. Micro-flow closed-loop adjustment is performed on the oil inlet and outlet channels of the actuator cylinder to complete the control of applying static preload.

[0065] Preferably, during the control of applying static preload, the specific criteria for determining whether the pressure value has reached a preset threshold are as follows: the system collects the pressure signal from the loading interface at a frequency of 10 times per second, continuously collects 10 data points, and calculates the mean square value of the pressure fluctuation. When the pressure fluctuation is controlled within ±0.5 MPa and the current measured pressure value is not less than 3.0 MPa, it is determined that the preset threshold has been reached. 3.0 MPa is a baseline preload pressure determined based on the wheel material properties, contact area, and the minimum normal force required to ensure effective loading contact. This ensures that a stable, uniform, and gap-free mechanical contact state is established between the loading device and the wheel rim before entering the asymmetric cyclic preload phase.

[0066] S2: The unilateral eccentric load is gradually offset along the circumference in a rotating propulsion manner. The gradual migration along the circumference in a rotating propulsion manner refers to inducing the directional migration of welding residual stress under the asymmetric cyclic preloading technology.

[0067] The directional migration under the asymmetric cyclic preloading technology includes activating the circumferential rotation propulsion mechanism after the static preload is applied. The wheel workpiece is rotated in a fixed angle increment along the circumferential direction through the step-by-step rotation drive process built into the integrated dynamic loading welding fixture. Each step angle corresponds to a preset loading interval.

[0068] After each successful step-by-step rotation, the position encoder is used to calculate the rotation angle during the step-by-step rotation drive process. The specific calculation formula is:

[0069]

[0070] Among them, θk represents the angle corresponding to the loading position after the kth step rotation, n represents the number of loading intervals evenly divided along the wheel circumference, k represents the current step rotation sequence number, Δθ corr，k Indicates the angle compensation value of the kth step;

[0071] When the rotation angle deviation of the second step rotation drive process is less than θ k When the position encoder is used, the angle of rotation during the step-by-step rotation drive is recalculated.

[0072] S3: Based on the angle at which directional migration occurs and the inherent vibration modal characteristics of the wheel structure, the frequency range of the asymmetric cyclic preload is extracted, the phase difference of the acceleration response at the weld position on the wheel surface is collected, and the resonant coupling point in the frequency range is locked. With the resonant coupling point as the center, the wheel welding residual stress is precisely controlled.

[0073] The frequency interval for extracting asymmetric cyclic preload includes the angle θ obtained after each step rotation. k , the angle θ k The corresponding spatial position is mapped to the nodal coordinate system of the wheel structure to determine the set of cells covered by the current loading area;

[0074] The modal strain energy density distribution of the unit set in the non-rigid mode is extracted. The extraction formula is:

[0075]

[0076] Among them, η i (θ k ) represents the weighted energy proportion of the i-th order mode, U i (θ k ) represents the modal strain energy density distribution of the i-th mode, n represents the first n-order non-rigid modes, U j (θ k ) represents the modal strain energy density distribution of the j-th mode;

[0077] Select η i (θ k )>η th The dominant mode order of the corresponding natural frequency f i , for angle θ k In the sector where the modal frequency is located, the initial scanning frequency band is constructed with the dominant modal frequency as the center:

[0078] [f i -Δf,f i +Δf]

[0079] Where Δf represents the bandwidth factor determined by the material damping ratio, f iIndicates the natural frequency.

[0080] S3.1: Collect the phase difference of the acceleration response at the weld position on the wheel surface, including the natural frequency f i A small amplitude sweep frequency excitation signal is applied internally and superimposed on the asymmetric cyclic preload, and the corresponding angle θ of the weld area is collected synchronously. k Acceleration response signal of the position, calculate the phase difference of the response signal between adjacent measuring points

[0081] S3.2: The resonant coupling point in the locking frequency range is included in the natural frequency f i When the phase difference The span angle θ appears k When the natural frequency f is recorded i , is the local resonance coupling point at the current angle. The local resonance coupling point is used as the center of the resonance coupling point to complete the precise control of the wheel welding residual stress.

[0082] In a preferred embodiment, a wheel welding residual stress precise control system based on cyclic loading includes an asymmetric cyclic preloading technology module, which places the wheel welding process in a dynamic simulation loading system during the wheel welding process. Through the asymmetric cyclic preloading technology, a unilateral eccentric load is applied to the connection area between the wheel rim and the spoke;

[0083] Directional migration module, in which the unilateral eccentric load is gradually shifted along the circumference in a rotating propulsion manner. The gradual migration along the circumference in a rotating propulsion manner refers to inducing the directional migration of welding residual stress under the asymmetric cyclic preloading technology;

[0084] The wheel welding residual stress precise control module is based on the angle of directional migration and the inherent vibration modal characteristics of the wheel structure. It extracts the frequency range of asymmetric cyclic preload, collects the acceleration response phase difference of the weld position on the wheel surface, locks the resonant coupling point in the frequency range, and uses the resonant coupling point as the center to achieve precise control of the wheel welding residual stress.

[0085] The above-mentioned unit modules can be embedded in or independent of the processor in the computer device in the form of hardware, or can be stored in the memory of the computer device in the form of software, so that the processor can call and execute the corresponding operations of the above-mentioned modules.

[0086] In an embodiment, a computer device, which can be a terminal, is provided, and the computer device includes a processor, a memory, a communication interface, a display screen and an input device connected by a system bus. The processor of the computer device is configured to provide computing and control capabilities. The memory of the computer device includes a non-volatile storage medium and an internal memory. The non-volatile storage medium stores an operating system and a computer program. The internal memory provides an environment for running the operating system and the computer program in the non-volatile storage medium. The communication interface of the computer device is configured to communicate with external terminals in a wired or wireless manner. The wireless manner can be achieved by WIFI, an operator network, NFC (near field communication) or other technologies. The display screen of the computer device can be a liquid crystal display screen or an electronic ink display screen. The input device of the computer device can be a touch layer overlaid on the display screen, or a key, trackball or touchpad arranged on the housing of the computer device, or an external keyboard, touchpad or mouse, etc.

[0087] In summary, the present application introduces an asymmetric preloading and dynamic response regulation mechanism based on cyclic loading during wheel welding, breaking through the limitations of traditional aging treatment methods, achieving static and overall processing, realizing the coordinated matching of the welding residual stress field and the actual service conditions, inducing the directional migration of residual stress along the circumference of the weld through the rotation of the single-sided eccentric load, and accurately determining the frequency parameters of the regulation load based on the identification of the resonance coupling point based on modal characteristics and phase response, significantly improving the pertinence and spatial matching of stress regulation. The present application effectively reduces the residual tensile stress peak value in the welding area without relying on high-temperature treatment, optimizes the stress distribution uniformity, improves the dimensional stability and fatigue resistance of the wheel structure, and has the advantages of low energy consumption, high efficiency and strong process controllability, and is suitable for green and intelligent manufacturing of high-performance wheels.

[0088] Embodiment 2

[0089] Reference Figures 1 to 4 As the second embodiment of the present application, the embodiment provides a precise regulation method for welding residual stress of a wheel based on cyclic loading. In order to verify the beneficial effects of the present application, a simulation experiment is carried out for scientific demonstration.

[0090] A rim and spoke assembly made of ER8 steel is selected, and a TIG welding process is used to complete the circumferential weld connection. The wheel workpiece is installed in an integrated dynamic loading welding tool, the loading direction is set at an angle of 30° with the welding arc advancing direction, and an initial static pre-tightening force is applied by a hydraulic servo system. The system collects pressure signals at a frequency of 10 Hz, and when the pressure values of the continuous 10 sampling points are stable at 3.0 MPa or above and the fluctuation is not more than ±0.5 MPa, the pressure maintaining mode is triggered, and the initial contact state is confirmed to be established.

[0091] Then it enters the asymmetric cyclic preloading stage, and the load waveform is set to a compression phase duration of 0.8 seconds and an amplitude of 80kN, and a tension phase duration of 0.4 seconds and an amplitude of 20kN, forming a time-domain asymmetric cyclic excitation. After completing 50 loading cycles, the step-by-step rotary drive is started, and the loading position is offset 15° clockwise along the circumference. A total of 24 angular positions are applied in sequence. At each loading angle, combined with the finite element modal analysis results, the dominant modal frequency range is identified as 85–95Hz. A sweep excitation signal with an amplitude of 5kN is superimposed in this range to collect the acceleration response of the weld area. When it is detected that the phase difference between adjacent measuring points undergoes a 180° mutation at 91.3Hz, the frequency is locked as the resonant coupling point at the current angle, and the excitation is continued at this frequency for 100 cycles to achieve directional relaxation of local residual stress. A total of 1200 cyclic load cycles are applied throughout the entire process.

[0092] The blind hole method was used to test residual stress in six evenly distributed areas around the weld. The results showed that the peak residual tensile stress decreased from 412 MPa in the original weld state to an average of 138 MPa, with a maximum value not exceeding 165 MPa. The distribution uniformity was improved by more than 60%, and there was no obvious local concentration phenomenon. This verifies the precise control capability of the method of the present invention under actual working conditions. A comparison between the present invention and the prior art is shown in Table 1 below:

[0093] Table 1 Comparison between the present invention and the prior art

[0094]

[0095] Table 1 demonstrates that, compared to traditional thermal or vibration aging technologies, the present invention breaks through the limitations of integrated, static treatments. By simulating service cyclic loads, it achieves directional migration and precise control of welding residual stresses. Its step-by-step rotational loading method significantly improves the uniformity and spatial matching of stress distribution. It combines energy conservation and high efficiency with the advantages of harming material properties, making it more suitable for the engineering requirements of high-performance wheel manufacturing.

[0096] After introducing the method and system of the exemplary embodiment of the present invention, the following Figure 3 For a description of a computer-readable storage medium according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention, please refer to Figure 3, the computer-readable storage medium shown is a CD 30, on which a computer program (i.e., a program product) is stored. When the computer program is executed by the processor, the steps described in the above method implementation are implemented, for example, real-time monitoring of the operating status of each node and branch in the low-voltage power distribution network. If a node voltage or current abnormality or communication loss is detected, it is identified as a faulty node, and the fault-affected area is determined based on the topological map analysis, and the fault point is located; a node health scoring model is constructed using the node operation data, all controllable nodes are scored, and a set of candidate recovery nodes with high health is screened out; a node health scoring model is constructed. Multiple feasible restoration paths from the affected area to candidate restoration nodes are generated. For each path, multi-dimensional metrics such as path load capacity, communication delay, and power balancing capability are introduced to calculate the path restoration cost and network perturbation impact. A restoration strategy optimization model based on deep reinforcement learning is constructed. The model takes the current network state, candidate path characteristics, and historical restoration data as inputs and outputs an optimal restoration path and node switching action sequence. Following the path and node control instructions output by the optimization model, the faulty branch is disconnected and the power supply path is switched. If restoration fails or deviates from expected performance, adaptive reconstruction of the suboptimal path is triggered, and the control strategy is repeatedly revised. The specific implementation of each step is not repeated here.

[0097] It should be noted that examples of computer-readable storage media may also include, but are not limited to, phase change memory (PRAM), static random access memory (SRAM), dynamic random access memory (DRAM), other types of random access memory (RAM), read-only memory (ROM), electrically erasable programmable read-only memory (EEPROM), flash memory or other optical or magnetic storage media, which are not listed here one by one.

[0098] After introducing the method and medium of the exemplary embodiment of the present invention, next, reference is made to Figure 4 A computing device for adaptive restoration of low-voltage power grid self-healing control according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention.

[0099] Figure 4 A block diagram is shown of an exemplary computing device 40 , which may be a computer system or server, suitable for implementing embodiments of the present invention. Figure 4 The computing device 40 shown is only an example and should not limit the functionality and scope of use of the embodiments of the present invention.

[0100] like Figure 4 As shown, the components of computing device 40 may include, but are not limited to, one or more processors or processing units 401 , a system memory 402 , and a bus 403 connecting various system components (including system memory 402 and processing unit 401 ).

[0101] The computing device 40 typically includes a variety of computer system readable media. These media can be any available media that can be accessed by the computing device 40, including volatile and non-volatile media, removable and non-removable media.

[0102] System memory 402 may include computer system readable media in the form of volatile memory, such as random access memory (RAM) 4021 and / or cache memory 4022. Computing device 40 may further include other removable / non-removable, volatile / non-volatile computer system storage media. By way of example only, ROM 4023 may be used to read and write non-removable, non-volatile magnetic media ( Figure 4 is not shown in the , usually referred to as "hard drive"). Although not in Figure 4 As shown in FIG403 , a disk drive for reading and writing to a removable non-volatile disk (e.g., a "floppy disk") and an optical disk drive for reading and writing to a removable non-volatile optical disk (e.g., a CD-ROM, DVD-ROM, or other optical media) can be provided. In these cases, each drive can be connected to bus 403 via one or more data media interfaces. System memory 402 may include at least one program product having a set (e.g., at least one) of program modules configured to perform the functions of various embodiments of the present invention.

[0103] A program / utility 4025 having a set (at least one) of program modules 4024 may be stored, for example, in system memory 402. Such program modules 4024 include, but are not limited to, an operating system, one or more application programs, other program modules, and program data, each of which, or some combination thereof, may include an implementation of a network environment. Program modules 4024 generally implement the functions and / or methods of the embodiments described herein.

[0104] The computing device 40 may also communicate with one or more external devices 404 (e.g., a keyboard, a pointing device, a display, etc.). Such communication may be performed via an input / output (I / O) interface 405. Furthermore, the computing device 40 may also communicate with one or more networks (e.g., a local area network (LAN), a wide area network (WAN), and / or a public network such as the Internet) via a network adapter 406. Figure 4 As shown, the network adapter 406 communicates with other modules (such as the processing unit 401, etc.) of the computing device 40 via the bus 403. Figure 4 Not shown, other hardware and / or software modules may be used in conjunction with computing device 40 .

[0105] The processing unit 401 executes various functional applications and data processing by running the programs stored in the system memory 402. For example, it monitors the operating status of each node and branch in the low-voltage power distribution network in real time. If a node is detected to have abnormal voltage or current or communication loss, it is identified as a faulty node. The fault-affected area is determined based on topological analysis, and the fault point is located. A node health scoring model is constructed using node operation data to score all controllable nodes and select a set of candidate recovery nodes with high health.

[0106] Construct multiple feasible recovery paths from the affected area to the candidate recovery node. Each path introduces multi-dimensional indicators such as path load capacity, communication delay and power balancing capability, and calculates the path recovery cost and network disturbance impact value. Build a recovery strategy optimization model based on deep reinforcement learning, which takes the current network status, candidate path characteristics and historical recovery data as input, and outputs the optimal recovery path and node switching action sequence. According to the path and node control instructions output by the optimization model, disconnect the fault branch and switch the power supply path. If the recovery fails or deviates from the expected performance, the suboptimal path adaptive reconstruction is triggered and the control strategy is cyclically corrected.

[0107] Those skilled in the art will clearly understand that, for the convenience and brevity of description, the specific working processes of the systems, devices and units described above can refer to the corresponding processes in the aforementioned method embodiments and will not be repeated here.

[0108] In the several embodiments provided by the present invention, it should be understood that the disclosed systems, devices and methods can be implemented in other ways. The device embodiments described above are merely illustrative. For example, the division of units is only a logical function division. There may be other division methods in actual implementation. For example, multiple units or components can be combined or integrated into another system, or some features can be ignored or not executed. Another point is that the mutual coupling or direct coupling or communication connection shown or discussed can be through some communication interface, and the indirect coupling or communication connection of devices or units can be electrical, mechanical or other forms.

[0109] Units described as separate components may or may not be physically separate, and components shown as units may or may not be physical units, that is, they may be located in one place or distributed across multiple network units. Some or all of these units may be selected to achieve the purpose of this embodiment according to actual needs.

[0110] In addition, each functional unit in each embodiment of the present invention may be integrated into one processing unit, or each unit may exist physically separately, or two or more units may be integrated into one unit.

[0111] If the function is implemented in the form of a software functional unit and sold or used as an independent product, it can be stored in a non-volatile computer-readable storage medium that is executable by a processor. Based on this understanding, the technical solution of the present invention, or the part that contributes to the prior art, or the part of the technical solution, can be embodied in the form of a software product. The computer software product is stored in a storage medium and includes several instructions for enabling a computer device (which can be a personal computer, server, or network device, etc.) to execute all or part of the steps of the methods of each embodiment of the present invention. The aforementioned storage medium includes: U disk, mobile hard disk, read-only memory (ROM, Read-Only Memory), random access memory (RAM, Random Access Memory), disk or optical disk, and other media that can store program code.

[0112] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only specific implementation methods of the present invention, which are used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention, rather than to limit them. The scope of protection of the present invention is not limited thereto. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the above embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that any person skilled in the art can modify or easily conceive of changes to the technical solutions described in the above embodiments within the technical scope disclosed by the present invention, or replace some of the technical features therein with equivalents. Such modifications, changes or replacements do not deviate from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, and should be included in the scope of protection of the present invention. Therefore, the scope of protection of the present invention should be based on the scope of protection of the claims.

[0113] Furthermore, although the operations of the method of the present invention are described in a particular order in the accompanying drawings, this does not require or imply that these operations must be performed in this particular order, or that all illustrated operations must be performed to achieve the desired results. Additionally or alternatively, some steps may be omitted, multiple steps may be combined into one step, and / or one step may be decomposed into multiple steps.

[0114] It should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the preferred embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that the technical solutions of the present invention may be modified or replaced by equivalents without departing from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the present invention, which should all be included in the scope of the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for precisely controlling wheel welding residual stress based on cyclic loading, characterized by: include, During the wheel welding process, the wheel welding process is placed in a dynamic simulation loading system, and a unilateral eccentric load is applied to the connection area between the wheel rim and the spoke through the asymmetric cyclic preloading technology; The unilateral eccentric load is gradually shifted along the circumference in a rotating advancement manner. The gradual migration along the circumference in a rotating advancement manner refers to inducing directional migration of welding residual stress under the asymmetric cyclic preloading technology; Based on the angle at which directional migration occurs and the inherent vibration modal characteristics of the wheel structure, the frequency range of the asymmetric cyclic preload is extracted, the acceleration response phase difference of the weld position on the wheel surface is collected, and the resonant coupling point in the frequency range is locked. With the resonant coupling point as the center, the wheel welding residual stress is precisely controlled.

2. The method for precise control of wheel welding residual stress based on cyclic loading according to claim 1, characterized in that: Placing the wheel welding process in a dynamic simulation loading system means installing the wheel workpiece in an integrated dynamic loading welding fixture, utilizing the current welding arc forward direction in the integrated dynamic loading welding fixture to present an angle arrangement and adjust the offset during the wheel workpiece installation process; When the offset distance of the wheel workpiece installation to be adjusted is moved according to the angle arrangement, the hydraulic servo system is started to lock the moved area; The hydraulic servo system refers to an eccentric adjustment mechanism in an integrated dynamic loading welding tooling, which enables the wheel to form a radial offset during operation, and is arranged at an angle according to the direction of the radial offset and the current welding arc forward direction.

3. The method for precise control of wheel welding residual stress based on cyclic loading according to claim 2, characterized in that: Applying a unilateral eccentric load to the connection area between the wheel rim and the spoke comprises the following steps: When the angle arrangement is complete, static preload is applied to establish the initial contact state; Aligning the preset loading position of the connection area between the wheel rim and the spoke, entering the asymmetric cyclic preloading phase, and controlling the execution of applying the static preload; The control of applying static preload includes collecting the pressure signal of the initial contact state by means of a sensor, and when the pressure value reaches a preset threshold When the pressure reaches the preset threshold, the pressure is fed back to the hydraulic servo system to trigger the pressure holding mode. The formula for determining whether the pressure reaches the preset threshold is: Where N represents the number of sampling points, Indicates the average pressure value, ε 2 Indicates the square value of the allowable error, P(t i ) represents the time point t i The collected pressure value; In the pressure maintaining mode, a dual-valve coordinated adjustment mechanism is adopted. The main oil supply valve stops supplying oil and switches to the proportional throttle valve control mode. Micro-flow closed-loop adjustment is performed on the oil inlet and outlet channels of the actuator cylinder to complete the control of applying static preload.

4. The method for precise control of wheel welding residual stress based on cyclic loading according to claim 3, characterized in that: The directional migration under the asymmetric cyclic preloading technique includes activating a circumferential rotation propulsion mechanism after the static preload is applied, and rotating the wheel workpiece in a circumferential direction in fixed angle increments through a step-by-step rotation drive process built into the integrated dynamic loading welding fixture, with each step angle corresponding to a preset loading interval; After each successful step-by-step rotation, the position encoder is used to calculate the rotation angle during the step-by-step rotation drive process. The specific calculation formula is: Among them, θ k represents the angle corresponding to the loading position after the kth step rotation, n represents the number of loading intervals evenly divided along the wheel circumference, k represents the current step rotation sequence number, Δθ corr，k Indicates the angle compensation value of the kth step; When the rotation angle deviation of the second step rotation drive process is less than θ k When the position encoder is used, the angle of rotation during the step-by-step rotation drive is recalculated.

5. The method for precise control of wheel welding residual stress based on cyclic loading according to claim 4, characterized in that: The frequency interval for extracting the asymmetric cyclic preload includes the angle θ obtained after each step rotation. k , the angle θ k The corresponding spatial position is mapped to the nodal coordinate system of the wheel structure to determine the set of cells covered by the current loading area; The modal strain energy density distribution of the unit set in the non-rigid mode is extracted. The extraction formula is: Among them, η i (θ k ) represents the weighted energy proportion of the i-th order mode, U i (θ k ) represents the modal strain energy density distribution of the i-th mode, n represents the first n-order non-rigid modes, U j (θ k ) represents the modal strain energy density distribution of the j-th mode; Select η i (θ k )>η th The dominant mode order of the corresponding natural frequency f i , for angle θ k In the sector where the modal frequency is located, the initial scanning frequency band is constructed with the dominant modal frequency as the center: [f i -Δf,f i +Δf] Where Δf represents the bandwidth factor determined by the material damping ratio, f i Indicates the natural frequency.

6. The method for precise control of wheel welding residual stress based on cyclic loading according to claim 5, characterized in that: The phase difference of the acceleration response of the weld position on the wheel surface is included in the natural frequency f i A small amplitude sweep frequency excitation signal is applied internally and superimposed on the asymmetric cyclic preload, and the corresponding angle θ of the weld area is collected synchronously. k Acceleration response signal of the position, calculate the phase difference of the response signal between adjacent measuring points 7. The method for precise control of wheel welding residual stress based on cyclic loading according to claim 6, characterized in that: The resonant coupling point of the locking frequency range is included in the natural frequency f i When the phase difference The span angle θ appears k When the natural frequency f is recorded i , is the local resonance coupling point at the current angle. The local resonance coupling point is used as the center of the resonance coupling point to complete the precise control of the wheel welding residual stress.

8. A wheel welding residual stress precise control system based on cyclic loading, based on the wheel welding residual stress precise control method based on cyclic loading according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that: include, The asymmetric cyclic preloading technology module places the wheel welding process in a dynamic simulation loading system and applies a unilateral eccentric load to the connection area between the wheel rim and the spoke through asymmetric cyclic preloading technology; A directional migration module, wherein the unilateral eccentric load is successively shifted along the circumference in a rotational propulsion manner, wherein the rotational propulsion manner is used to successively shift along the circumference to induce directional migration of welding residual stress under an asymmetric cyclic preloading technique; The wheel welding residual stress precise control module is based on the angle of directional migration and the inherent vibration modal characteristics of the wheel structure. It extracts the frequency range of asymmetric cyclic preload, collects the acceleration response phase difference of the weld position on the wheel surface, locks the resonant coupling point in the frequency range, and uses the resonant coupling point as the center to achieve precise control of the wheel welding residual stress.

9. A computer device comprising a memory and a processor, wherein the memory stores a computer program, wherein: When the processor executes the computer program, the steps of the method for accurately controlling wheel welding residual stress based on cyclic loading according to any one of claims 1 to 7 are implemented.

10. A computer-readable storage medium having a computer program stored thereon, characterized in that: When the computer program is executed by a processor, the steps of the method for accurately controlling wheel welding residual stress based on cyclic loading according to any one of claims 1 to 7 are implemented.

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