Self-repairing multi-stage buffer intelligent lining structure and construction method

Abstract

The application relates to the technical field of tunnel engineering construction, and discloses a self-repairing multi-stage buffer intelligent lining structure and a construction method, wherein a prefabricated lining block is used for assembling a secondary lining structure of a tunnel; a composite function air bag is arranged between the secondary lining structure and a waterproof layer of the tunnel, and is used for realizing flexible contact between the secondary lining structure and primary support of the tunnel; a dynamic regulation and control air valve is arranged on the composite function air bag, and is used for collecting and adjusting internal pressure of the composite function air bag; an intelligent early warning system is connected with the dynamic regulation and control air valve and the composite function air bag, is used for monitoring pressure change of the composite function air bag, realizes remote regulation and control of the dynamic regulation and control air valve, and triggers early warning; the application has the functions of active repair, flexible buffering and rigid protection, reduces leakage risk, and significantly improves durability and safety of the tunnel.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of tunnel engineering construction, in particular to a self-repairing multi-stage buffer intelligent lining structure and a construction method. BACKGROUND

[0002] In tunnel engineering construction, ensuring the close fit between the primary support and the secondary lining is a core challenge to guarantee the stability and durability of the tunnel structure. The traditional cast-in-place lining process has problems such as complex procedures, low construction efficiency, and quality greatly affected by human factors. Although the prefabricated lining technology can improve the construction speed, its rigid connection method is difficult to adapt to the dynamic deformation of surrounding rock, which easily leads to problems such as sealing failure between lining blocks, local hollowing, and water leakage. In addition, the existing air bag type lining structure is designed with a single inflation cavity, lacks the ability to buffer the gradual deformation of surrounding rock, and cannot actively repair the air bag damage during construction or operation, limiting its wide application in complex geological conditions.

[0003] Therefore, there is an urgent need for a lining structure with flexible deformation adaptability, self-repairing function, and intelligent control characteristics to effectively solve the technical problems of loose fit between the secondary lining and the primary support, high long-term operation and maintenance costs, etc. SUMMARY

[0004] The purpose of the present application is to provide a self-repairing multi-stage buffer intelligent lining structure and a construction method, which aims to solve or improve at least one of the above technical problems.

[0005] To achieve the above-mentioned purpose, the present application provides the following scheme: the present application provides a self-repairing multi-stage buffer intelligent lining structure, comprising: a prefabricated lining block for assembling to form a secondary lining structure of a tunnel; a composite function air bag arranged between the secondary lining structure and a tunnel waterproof layer, the composite function air bag is used to realize the flexible contact between the secondary lining structure and the primary support of the tunnel; a dynamic control air valve arranged on the composite function air bag, the dynamic control air valve is used to collect and adjust the internal pressure of the composite function air bag; an intelligent early warning system connected with the dynamic control air valve and the composite function air bag, used to monitor the pressure change of the composite function air bag, realize the remote control of the dynamic control air valve and trigger the early warning.

[0006] Optionally, the composite function air bag comprises: a self-repairing function layer provided with a microcapsule system encapsulating a repair agent and a gas compensation material; a sensing and heat conducting layer integrating a piezoelectric fiber network and a heat conducting material; a honeycomb air chamber unit layer adopting a multi-stage air chamber with a fractal geometric structure and connected through flexible connection channels; a base layer provided with an anti-slip fixed surface and a multi-source monitoring module; a wireless transmission module connected with the multi-source monitoring module and the intelligent early warning system.

[0007] Optionally, the self-repairing functional layer comprises: a base material coated with a catalyst; a repair agent microcapsule encapsulating a liquid repair agent and capable of reacting with the catalyst to solidify after being broken; and a gas compensation microcapsule encapsulating an inert gas and capable of compensating for local loss of air pressure after being broken.

[0008] Optionally, the honeycomb air chamber unit layer comprises: a primary air chamber; a secondary air chamber nested inside the primary air chamber; and a tertiary air chamber nested inside the primary air chamber and distributed circumferentially along the secondary air chamber; the primary air chamber, the secondary air chamber, and the tertiary air chamber are connected to form a hierarchical pressure buffer network.

[0009] Optionally, the dynamic regulation gas valve comprises: a housing; a gas flow guide arranged in the housing, the gas flow guide being capable of forming an air inlet passage and an air outlet passage in the housing, which are connected to the composite functional air bag, and the air inlet passage and the air outlet passage each being provided with a sealing plate for controlling the opening and closing of the passage by a spring rod; and a gas injection port arranged on the housing, the gas injection port being capable of inputting gas into the air inlet passage by a gas injection device.

[0010] Optionally, the dynamic regulation gas valve further comprises: a pair of telescopic rods arranged in the housing, the pair of telescopic rods being fixedly connected to the pair of spring rods, respectively; and a collection and execution device arranged on the housing, the collection and execution device being connected to the pair of telescopic rods and the intelligent early warning system. Optionally, a mounting hole is formed in the prefabricated lining block, and the housing is arranged in the mounting hole and connected by high-strength bolts.

[0011] Optionally, a waterproof sealing member is arranged between the two adjacent prefabricated lining blocks.

[0012] Optionally, a quick release interface is arranged on the composite functional air bag, and a positioning and guiding groove for detachably connecting with the quick release interface is formed in the prefabricated lining block.

[0013] The application also discloses a construction method of the self-repairing multi-stage buffer intelligent lining structure, which comprises the following steps: laying a tunnel waterproof layer on the surface of a tunnel primary support to ensure flatness and the absence of sharp objects; assembling prefabricated lining blocks to form a secondary lining structure; installing a composite functional air bag between the secondary lining structure and the tunnel waterproof layer; injecting gas into the composite functional air bag in stages through a dynamic regulation gas valve; connecting an intelligent early warning system and setting a pressure threshold; continuously monitoring the pressure of the composite functional air bag and the state of surrounding rock during the operation period through the intelligent early warning system, and adjusting the pressure in the composite functional air bag in real time through the dynamic regulation gas valve.

[0014] The application discloses the following technical effects:

[0015] The lining structure of the application is composed of a tunnel waterproof layer, a composite function air bag and a prefabricated lining block assembled secondary lining structure to form a three-layer waterproof system, the three-layer system cooperates to have the functions of active repair, flexible buffering and rigid protection, reduces the leakage risk and significantly improves the durability and safety of the tunnel.

[0016] The application sets a composite function air bag between the secondary lining structure and the primary support, and is equipped with a dynamic control air valve and an intelligent early warning system, realizes the flexible contact between the secondary lining structure and the primary support, adjusts the air bag pressure in real time through the dynamic control air valve, adapts to the deformation of surrounding rock, provides stable supporting force, solves the problem that the secondary lining structure and the primary support are not closely attached, and ensures the overall stress performance of the tunnel structure.

[0017] The self-repairing function layer of the composite function air bag is embedded with repair agent microcapsules and gas compensation microcapsules, which can automatically release the repair agent to fill the cracks and compensate the gas pressure when the air bag is cracked due to construction wear or surrounding rock extrusion, significantly improves the durability of the air bag and reduces the frequency of manual maintenance.

[0018] The intelligent early warning system can monitor the pressure change of each composite function air bag in real time, and realize remote setting of the safe upper limit pressure and the release of the air bag pressure of each composite function air bag.

[0019] When water leakage is found in the tunnel operation process, the composite function air bag gas can be released through the dynamic control air valve, the air bag at the water leakage point is removed, the waterproof layer behind the upper surface of the secondary lining structure is reprocessed, the problem of water leakage in the tunnel is effectively solved, the service life of the tunnel is prolonged, and the maintenance cost is reduced. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0020] The accompanying drawings, which form a part of this application, are included to provide a further understanding of the application and are incorporated in and constitute a part of this application. The embodiments of the present application illustrated in the drawings and their descriptions are used to explain the present application and do not constitute an improper limitation on the present application. In the drawings:

[0021] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the application;

[0022] Figure 2 It is a schematic diagram of the prefabricated lining block splicing of the application;

[0023] Figure 3 It is a sectional view of the layered structure of the composite function air bag of the application;

[0024] Figure 4 It is Figure 3 A local enlarged view of A;

[0025] Figure 5 It is a bottom surface schematic diagram of the base layer of the application;

[0026] Figure 6 is a top view of a honeycomb air chamber unit layer of the present application;

[0027] Figure 7 is a top view of a single honeycomb air chamber in a honeycomb air chamber unit layer of the present application;

[0028] Figure 8 is a sectional view of a honeycomb air chamber unit layer of the present application;

[0029] Figure 9 is a schematic diagram of positioning arrangement of a composite function air bag and a prefabricated lining block of the present application;

[0030] Figure 10 is a top view of a prefabricated lining block of the present application;

[0031] Figure 11 is a schematic diagram of air outlet of a dynamic control air valve of the present application;

[0032] Figure 12 is a schematic diagram of air inlet of a dynamic control air valve of the present application;

[0033] Figure 13 is a structure diagram of an intelligent early warning system of the present application.

[0034] In the figure: 1, prefabricated lining block; 2, composite function air bag; 3, dynamic control air valve; 5, secondary lining structure; 6, tunnel waterproof layer; 7, waterproof sealing component; 8, mounting hole; 10, positioning guide groove; 11, base layer; 12, quick release interface; 13, self-repairing function layer; 14, sensing and heat conducting layer; 15, honeycomb air chamber unit layer; 16, repair agent microcapsule; 17, catalyst; 18, gas compensation microcapsule; 19, flexible connection channel; 20, primary air chamber; 21, secondary air chamber; 22, tertiary air chamber; 23, anti-slippage fixing surface; 24, multi-source monitoring module; 25, wireless transmission module; 26, gas injection device; 27, gas injection port; 28, sealing plate; 29, spring rod; 30, shell; 31, gas flow guide; 32, telescopic rod; 33, acquisition and execution device; 34, air inlet; 35, air outlet; 36, data acquisition module; 37, data processing module; 38, early warning module; 39, remote control module. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0035] The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application will be described clearly and completely below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present application. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present application, rather than all the embodiments. Based on the embodiments in the present application, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative work fall within the scope of protection of the present application.

[0036] To make the above-mentioned objects, features and advantages of the present invention more apparent and understandable, the present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.

[0037] Reference Figures 1-13 This invention provides a self-healing multi-stage buffer intelligent lining structure, comprising: prefabricated lining blocks 1, used for assembling to form a secondary lining structure 5 for a tunnel; a composite functional airbag 2, disposed between the secondary lining structure 5 and the tunnel waterproof layer 6, used to achieve flexible contact between the secondary lining structure 5 and the initial support of the tunnel; a dynamic control valve 3, disposed on the composite functional airbag 2, used to collect and adjust the internal pressure of the composite functional airbag 2; and an intelligent early warning system, connected to the dynamic control valve 3 and the composite functional airbag 2, used to monitor pressure changes in the composite functional airbag 2, realize remote control of the dynamic control valve 3, and trigger an early warning. The prefabricated lining blocks 1 are prefabricated from high-strength concrete, and their shape and size are customized according to the tunnel cross-section design to meet the assembly requirements of the secondary lining structure 5.

[0038] Furthermore, after the precast lining block 1 is assembled, the distance between the upper surface of the secondary lining structure 5 and the lower surface of the tunnel waterproof layer 6 is less than the thickness of the composite functional airbag 2, providing space for the airbag to expand. The distance is controlled by a special positioning clamp during the assembly of the precast lining block 1.

[0039] In one embodiment of the present invention, the composite functional airbag 2 includes: a self-healing functional layer 13, comprising a microcapsule system containing an encapsulating repair agent and a gas compensation substance; a sensing and thermally conductive layer 14, integrating a piezoelectric fiber network and a thermally conductive material, wherein the piezoelectric fiber network is composed of a highly sensitive piezoelectric material, which monitors the deformation pressure of the airbag in real time and transmits the data to an intelligent early warning system. The thermally conductive material is uniformly distributed between the sensing networks, balancing the temperature difference between the inside and outside of the airbag through efficient heat conduction, preventing condensation from accumulating on or inside the airbag surface, and reducing the risk of leakage; a honeycomb air cell unit layer 15, employing a multi-level air cell structure with a fractal geometry and connected by a flexible connection channel 19; a base layer 11, comprising an anti-slip fixing surface 23 and a multi-source monitoring module 24; and a wireless transmission module 25, used to connect with the multi-source monitoring module 24 and the intelligent early warning system.

[0040] The anti-slip fixing surface 23 is designed with a high-friction texture, which fits tightly with the precast lining block 1 through mechanical interlocking, preventing airbag slippage and local voids during construction or operation. The multi-source monitoring module 24 is embedded with humidity and vibration sensors to collect tunnel seepage signals and surrounding rock micro-vibration data in real time, and is linked with the intelligent early warning system through the wireless transmission module 25.

[0041] In one embodiment of the present application, the self-repairing functional layer 13 comprises: a base material coated with a catalyst 17, which is uniformly coated on the surface of the base material in the form of a thin film to ensure rapid reaction after the release of the repair agent; repair agent microcapsules 16, which encapsulate liquid repair agent and can react with the catalyst 17 after breaking to solidify, and after the repair agent microcapsules 16 break under the action of external force, the released repair agent contacts the catalyst 17 pre-coated on the surface of the air bag to trigger a rapid solidification reaction to seal the crack; and gas compensation microcapsules 18, which encapsulate inert gas and can compensate for local pressure loss after breaking, and the inert gas released after the gas compensation microcapsules 18 break compensates for the pressure loss caused by the crack to maintain stable local pressure.

[0042] In one embodiment of the present application, the honeycomb air chamber unit layer 15 comprises: a primary air chamber 20; a secondary air chamber 21 nested inside the primary air chamber 20; and a tertiary air chamber 22 nested inside the primary air chamber 20 and distributed circumferentially along the secondary air chamber 21; the primary air chamber 20, the secondary air chamber 21, and the tertiary air chamber 22 are connected to form a hierarchical pressure buffer network. The flexible connection channel 19 allows gas to flow between the air chambers, and when the surrounding rock deforms, the external load is gradually dispersed to the secondary air chamber 21 through the flexible connection channel 19, avoiding pressure concentration in a single area. The adaptability of the air bag to the deformation of the surrounding rock is significantly improved, ensuring uniform distribution of support force.

[0043] In one embodiment of the present application, the dynamic control gas valve 3 comprises: a housing 30; a gas flow guide 31 arranged in the housing 30, which can form an air inlet passage and an air outlet passage connected to the composite functional air bag 2 in the housing, and both the air inlet passage and the air outlet passage are provided with a sealing plate 28 for controlling the opening and closing through a spring rod 29; a gas injection port 27 arranged on the housing, which can input gas into the air inlet passage through a gas injection device 26. The gas injection device 26 is connected to the gas injection port 27 of the dynamic control gas valve 3, and the sealing plate 28 in the air inlet passage is opened by the gas pressure to form an air inlet 34, realizing the gas injection of the composite functional air bag 2, and when the gas pressure reaches the set value, the gas injection is stopped, and the sealing plate 28 in the air inlet passage is closed under the action of the spring rod 29 to seal the composite functional air bag 2. When the pressure of the composite functional air bag 2 exceeds the upper limit of safety, the high-pressure gas in the composite functional air bag 2 pushes open the sealing plate 28 in the air outlet passage to form an air outlet 35, releasing part of the gas in the composite functional air bag 2. When the pressure in the composite functional air bag 2 returns to the design value, the sealing plate 28 in the air outlet passage is re-closed under the action of the spring rod 29 to seal the composite functional air bag 2.

[0044] In one embodiment of the present application, the dynamic control air valve 3 further comprises: a pair of telescopic rods 32 arranged in the shell 30, and the telescopic rods 32 are fixedly connected with the pair of spring rods 29 respectively; and a collection and execution device 33 arranged on the shell, and the collection and execution device 33 is connected with the pair of telescopic rods 32 and the intelligent early warning system. The spring rods 29 are fixedly connected with the telescopic rods 32, the telescopic rods 32 are connected with the collection and execution device 33, and the collection and execution device 33 is connected with the intelligent early warning system, so as to realize the collection of the pressure information of each composite function air bag 2 and the dynamic adjustment of the air pressure. By controlling the up-down movement of the telescopic rods 32, different pressures can be applied to the pair of sealing plates 28, so as to realize the control of the pressure of the composite function air bag 2.

[0045] In one embodiment of the present application, mounting holes 8 are arranged on the prefabricated lining block 1, and the shell is arranged in the mounting holes 8 and connected by high-strength bolts.

[0046] The mounting holes 8 are matched with the shell of the dynamic control air valve 3, the shell is fixed on the surface of the prefabricated lining block 1 by high-strength bolts, and the position of the mounting holes 8 is designed according to the layout of the composite function air bag 2.

[0047] In one embodiment of the present application, waterproof sealing members 7 are arranged between the adjacent two prefabricated lining blocks 1.

[0048] The waterproof sealing members 7 are made of elastic rubber and water-swelling composite material, so as to ensure that the secondary lining structure 5 after splicing has integrity and waterproof performance.

[0049] In one embodiment of the present application, quick-release interfaces 12 are arranged on the composite function air bag 2, and positioning guide grooves 10 for detachably connecting with the quick-release interfaces 12 are arranged on the prefabricated lining block 1.

[0050] The positioning guide grooves 10 are matched with the protruding height of the quick-release interfaces 12 on the base layer 11 of the composite function air bag 2, the quick-release interfaces 12 are embedded in the positioning guide grooves 10, and then fixed by a magnetic attraction module or a spring lock, so as to support the quick positioning and dismounting of the composite function air bag 2. After installation, the positioning guide grooves 10 ensure that the composite function air bag 2 reaches the predetermined position and tightly contacts the contact surface of the prefabricated lining block 1, without local hollowing or sliding.

[0051] Further, the intelligent early warning system comprises a data collection module 36, a data processing module 37, a warning module 38 and a remote control module 39.

[0052] The data acquisition module 36 collects pressure, seepage water and environmental data in real time through the piezoelectric fiber network of the composite function air bag 2 and the multi-source monitoring module 24, and transmits the data to the data processing module 37. The data processing module 37 uses machine learning algorithm to analyze the collected data, predicts the deformation trend of surrounding rock and generates advance control instructions. The warning module 38 triggers an audible and light alarm signal according to the analysis result, and sends control instructions to the dynamic control air valve 3 through the remote control module 39.

[0053] The remote control module 39 supports remote setting of the safety pressure threshold of the composite function air bag 2, and controls the opening and closing of the dynamic control air valve 3. The system has a built-in data storage module that records all monitoring and control operations in real time.

[0054] The dynamic control air valve 3 is pre-installed on the composite function air bag 2 as an air inlet and outlet control device of the composite function air bag 2. The composite function air bag 2 with the dynamic control air valve 3 is positioned and arranged through the mounting hole 8 and the positioning guide groove 10 of the prefabricated lining block 1. During installation, the quick release interface 12 of the air bag base layer 11 is aligned with the positioning guide groove 10 to ensure that the contact surface of the composite function air bag 2 and the prefabricated lining block 1 is tightly fitted; the joint of the composite function air bag 2 is arranged staggered with the joint of the prefabricated lining block 1 to avoid stress concentration and potential leakage risk; after the arrangement is completed, check whether the contact surface of the composite function air bag 2 and the prefabricated lining block 1 is uniform to ensure that there is no local hollowing or sliding phenomenon. The dynamic control air valve 3 is fixed through the mounting hole 8 of the prefabricated lining block 1, and is connected by high-strength bolts to ensure that the dynamic control air valve 3 is installed firmly and reliably; after the fixing is completed, check the communication condition of the air chamber unit layer of the dynamic control air valve 3 and the composite function air bag 2 to ensure smooth gas flow.

[0055] The application also provides a construction method of the self-repairing multi-stage buffer intelligent lining structure, comprising the following steps: laying the tunnel waterproof layer 6 on the surface of the initial support of the tunnel, ensuring that the surface is flat and free of sharp objects; after the initial support construction of the tunnel is completed, the tunnel waterproof layer 6 is laid and the flatness of the surface is ensured to meet the requirements; during the construction process, sharp objects and protrusions are removed to avoid damaging the subsequent installation of the composite function air bag 2; the tunnel waterproof layer 6 should be closely attached to the surface of the initial support to ensure that there is no hollowing or loosening phenomenon; the prefabricated lining block 1 is assembled to form the secondary lining structure 5; the prefabricated lining block 1 is transported into the tunnel and assembled into a ring block by block using special hoisting equipment; during the assembly process, the distance between the upper surface of the secondary lining structure 5 and the lower surface of the tunnel waterproof layer 6 is strictly controlled to ensure that the distance is less than the thickness of the composite function air bag 2, providing enough space for the expansion of the composite function air bag 2; special connecting pieces and sealing materials are used during the assembly process to ensure that the assembled secondary lining structure 5 has good integrity and waterproof performance; the composite function air bag 2 is installed between the secondary lining structure 5 and the tunnel waterproof layer 6; the composite function air bag 2 is fixedly connected with the dynamic control air valve 3 through the installation hole 8 and the positioning guide groove 10 of the prefabricated lining block 1; during the installation, the joint of the composite function air bag 2 is staggered with the joint of the prefabricated lining block 1 to avoid stress concentration and potential leakage risk; the base layer 11 of the composite function air bag 2 is automatically connected with the sensor circuit of the prefabricated lining block 1 through the quick release interface 12 to complete the construction of the data transmission path; during the installation process, it is necessary to check whether the contact surface of the composite function air bag 2 and the prefabricated lining block 1 is closely attached to ensure that there is no local hollowing or sliding phenomenon; the composite function air bag 2 is inflated in stages through the dynamic control air valve 3; in the first stage, the air is inflated to 70% of the design pressure to release residual stress; in the second stage, the air is inflated to the design pressure to ensure that the air bag expands uniformly and closely attaches to the initial support; during the inflation process, the inflation should be slow to avoid local overpressure or underpressure; the intelligent early warning system is connected, and the pressure threshold is set; the collection and execution device 33 of the dynamic control air valve 3 is connected with the intelligent early warning system to calibrate the sensor data accuracy, set the pressure safety threshold and the control logic; during the construction period, the pressure state of the composite function air bag 2 should be checked regularly; if the pressure is found to be abnormal, the dynamic control air valve 3 should be adjusted in time to ensure that the composite function air bag 2 always remains within the design pressure range during the construction period; during the operation period, the pressure of the composite function air bag 2 and the surrounding rock state are continuously monitored through the intelligent early warning system, and the pressure in the composite function air bag 2 is adjusted in real time through the dynamic control air valve 3; during the tunnel operation stage, the intelligent early warning system continuously monitors the air bag pressure and the surrounding rock state; when detecting leaked water, the emergency pressure relief channel of the dynamic control air valve is triggered to release the gas, the damaged composite function air bag 2 is quickly replaced through the quick release interface 12, and the tunnel waterproof layer 6 is repaired.The system automatically records the treatment process and backs up data, ensuring that the operation and maintenance process is traceable; when water leakage is found during the operation of the tunnel, the intelligent early warning system is used to locate the fault area, trigger the emergency pressure relief channel of the air valve 3 to quickly release the gas in the composite functional air bag 2, and remove the water leakage point composite functional air bag 2 through the quick release interface 12 of the base layer 11. Then, the tunnel waterproof layer 6 above the secondary lining structure 5 is repaired, high-performance waterproof materials are used to fill the damaged area, and the sealing property is restored. After the repair is completed, a new composite functional air bag 2 is installed and quickly fixed through the positioning guide groove 10 and the quick release interface 12, and the intelligent early warning system synchronously calibrates the sensor data, ensuring that the system returns to normal operation.

[0056] The lining structure of the present application is composed of a tunnel waterproof layer 6, a composite functional air bag 2 and a prefabricated lining block 1 assembled into a secondary lining structure 5, forming a three-layer waterproof system. The tunnel waterproof layer 6 directly blocks the groundwater infiltration to prevent initial leakage; the composite functional air bag 2 automatically seals the cracks through the microcapsules of the self-repairing functional layer 13, and the gas compensation mechanism maintains the local pressure stable to prevent further diffusion of the leakage; the prefabricated lining block 1 forms a solid waterproof structure with the waterproof sealing member 7 through high-strength concrete. The three-layer system works together, has the functions of active repair, flexible buffering and rigid protection, reduces the risk of leakage, and significantly improves the durability and safety of the tunnel.

[0057] In the description of the present application, it should be understood that the orientations or positional relationships indicated by the terms "longitudinal", "transverse", "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer" and the like are based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the drawings, and are only for the convenience of describing the present application, and do not indicate or imply that the devices or elements referred to must have a particular orientation, be constructed and operated in a particular orientation, therefore cannot be understood as a limitation on the present application.

[0058] The above-described embodiments are only preferred modes of the present application, and do not limit the scope of the present application, and various modifications and improvements to the technical solutions of the present application made by those skilled in the art without departing from the design spirit of the present application shall fall within the protection scope of the present application.

Claims

1. A self-repairing multi-stage cushioning intelligent lining structure, characterized in that, include: Precast lining blocks (1) are used to assemble the secondary lining structure (5) of the tunnel. A composite functional airbag (2) is disposed between the secondary lining structure (5) and the tunnel waterproof layer (6). The composite functional airbag (2) is used to achieve flexible contact between the secondary lining structure (5) and the initial support of the tunnel. A dynamic control valve (3) is installed on the composite function airbag (2). The dynamic control valve (3) is used to collect and adjust the internal pressure of the composite function airbag (2). The intelligent early warning system is connected to the dynamic control valve (3) and the composite function airbag (2) to monitor the pressure change of the composite function airbag (2), realize the remote control of the dynamic control valve (3) and trigger the early warning. The dynamic control valve (3) includes: Casing (30); A gas guide (31) is disposed inside the housing (30). The gas guide (31) enables the housing (30) to form an air intake passage and an exhaust passage that are connected to the composite function airbag (2). Both the air intake passage and the exhaust passage are provided with a sealing plate (28) for controlling the opening and closing via a spring rod (29). An air inlet (27) is provided on the housing, and the air inlet (27) can be used to input gas into the air intake passage through the air injection device (26); The dynamic control valve (3) also includes: A pair of telescopic rods (32) are disposed inside the housing (30), and the pair of telescopic rods (32) are respectively fixedly connected to a pair of spring rods (29); The acquisition and execution device (33) is disposed on the housing (30) and is connected to a pair of telescopic rods (32) and the intelligent early warning system.

2. The self-repairing multi-stage cushioning intelligent lining structure according to claim 1, characterized in that, The composite function airbag (2) includes: The self-healing functional layer (13) is equipped with a microcapsule system containing encapsulating repair agent and gas compensation substance; Sensing and thermal conductive layer (14), integrating piezoelectric fiber network and thermal conductive material; The honeycomb air cell unit layer (15) adopts a multi-level air cell with fractal geometry and is connected by a flexible connection channel (19); The base layer (11) is provided with an anti-slip fixing surface (23) and a multi-source monitoring module (24); A wireless transmission module (25) is used to connect to the multi-source monitoring module (24) and the intelligent early warning system.

3. The self-repairing multi-stage cushioning intelligent lining structure according to claim 2, characterized in that, The self-healing functional layer (13) includes: The matrix material is coated with a catalyst (17); Repair agent microcapsules (16) encapsulate liquid repair agent and can react with the catalyst (17) to solidify after rupture; Gas-compensating microcapsules (18) are encapsulated with inert gas and can compensate for local pressure loss after rupture.

4. The self-repairing multi-stage cushioning intelligent lining structure according to claim 2, characterized in that, The honeycomb air cell unit layer (15) includes: Main air chamber (20); The secondary air chamber (21) is nested inside the main air chamber (20); The third-level air chamber (22) is nested inside the main air chamber (20) and distributed circumferentially along the secondary air chamber (21); The main air chamber (20), the secondary air chamber (21), and the tertiary air chamber (22) are connected to form a hierarchical pressure buffer network.

5. The self-repairing multi-stage cushioning intelligent lining structure according to claim 1, characterized in that, A mounting hole (8) is formed on the prefabricated lining block (1), and the shell is arranged in the mounting hole (8) and connected through a high-strength bolt.

6. The self-repairing multi-stage cushioning intelligent lining structure according to claim 1, characterized in that, A waterproof sealing member (7) is arranged between two adjacent prefabricated lining blocks (1).

7. The self-repairing multi-stage cushioning intelligent lining structure according to claim 1, characterized in that, The composite function air bag (2) is provided with a quick release interface (12), and the prefabricated lining block (1) is provided with a positioning guide groove (10) for detachably connecting with the quick release interface (12).

8. A construction method of a self-repairing multi-stage cushioning intelligent lining structure according to any one of claims 1-7, characterized in that, The method comprises the following steps: Laying a tunnel waterproof layer (6) on the surface of the initial support of the tunnel to ensure that the surface is flat and free of sharp objects; Assembling the prefabricated lining blocks (1) to form a secondary lining structure (5); Installing the composite function air bag (2) between the secondary lining structure (5) and the tunnel waterproof layer (6); Injecting gas into the composite function air bag (2) in stages through the dynamic control air valve (3); Connecting an intelligent early warning system and setting a pressure threshold; During the operation period, the intelligent early warning system continuously monitors the pressure of the composite function air bag (2) and the state of the surrounding rock, and the pressure in the composite function air bag (2) is adjusted in real time through the dynamic control air valve (3).

Images