A system for simulating rainfall-runoff combined erosion based on solidified soil

Abstract

The application discloses a kind of based on solidified soil rainfall-runoff combined simulation erosion system, it is related to rainfall-runoff simulation technical field, runoff water supply device is located at one end of runoff tank, and runoff water supply device can supply water to runoff tank, runoff water supply device is equipped with water inlet at the end away from runoff tank, runoff tank is equipped with water outlet at the end away from runoff water supply device, water inlet is equipped with flow stabilizing element, and flow stabilizing element can inhibit the initial disturbance of water flow, monitoring device is used to monitor the parameter in runoff tank and erosion process, runoff water supply device and runoff tank are all inclined to be arranged, and the height of the side where water inlet is located is higher than the height of the side where water outlet is located, runoff water supply device and runoff tank are all located on mobile adjustment device, and mobile adjustment device can drive runoff water supply device and runoff tank to move, and adjust the inclination angle of runoff water supply device and runoff tank.The application can avoid destroying natural runoff generation stability, realize simulating thin layer runoff erosion surface soil.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of rainfall-runoff simulation technology, and in particular to a combined rainfall-runoff simulation erosion system based on solidified soil. Background Technology

[0002] A combined rainfall-runoff device is an experimental or engineering apparatus used to simulate or study rainfall and the resulting runoff process. Simulated rainfall typically uses artificial rainfall devices (such as sprinklers or drip irrigation systems) to simulate rainfall conditions, while runoff observation is usually conducted in a controlled environment (such as experimental trenches or small watershed models) to study the generation and collection process of surface runoff after rainfall, in order to analyze water volume, flow velocity, sediment content, etc.

[0003] However, since existing rainfall-runoff combined devices are usually artificial runoff disturbances and use constant head for direct water supply, the excessively fast flow velocity during water inflow can easily disrupt the stability of natural runoff generation, thereby affecting the critical process of runoff generation. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of this invention is to provide a combined rainfall-runoff simulation erosion system based on solidified soil to solve the problems existing in the prior art, avoid disrupting the stability of natural runoff generation, and realize the simulation of thin-layer runoff erosion of surface soil.

[0005] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following solution:

[0006] This invention provides a combined rainfall-runoff simulation erosion system based on solidified soil, comprising a runoff supply device, a runoff channel, a monitoring device, and a moving adjustment device. The runoff supply device is located at one end of the runoff channel and can supply water into the runoff channel. The runoff supply device has an inlet at the end away from the runoff channel, and the runoff channel has an outlet at the end away from the runoff supply device. A flow stabilizing element is provided at the inlet, which can suppress the initial disturbance of the water flow. The monitoring device is used to monitor the parameters in the runoff channel and the erosion process. Both the runoff supply device and the runoff channel are inclined, and the height of the side where the inlet is located is higher than the height of the side where the outlet is located. Both the runoff supply device and the runoff channel are located on the moving adjustment device, which can move the runoff supply device and the runoff channel and adjust the inclination angle of the runoff supply device and the runoff channel.

[0007] Preferably, it further includes an outer shell, in which a partition is installed. The partition is perpendicular to the bottom surface of the outer shell, and the flow channel and the flow water supply device are formed on both sides of the partition, respectively. The flow stabilizing element is installed in the flow water supply device, and there is a gap between the lower end of the flow stabilizing element and the inner bottom surface of the outer shell. The height of the partition is lower than the height of the side wall of the outer shell.

[0008] Preferably, the water inlet is located on the side wall of one end of the outer shell, and the water inlet is a capsule-shaped opening; a baffle assembly is detachably connected to the upper end of the partition and the water outlet, and each baffle assembly includes four layers of layered baffles stacked vertically, each layered baffle having a thickness of 5mm, and the layered baffles are used to ensure that the water inlet surface of the runoff water supply device and the collection surface of the water outlet are always on the same plane as the solidified soil surface of the runoff channel.

[0009] Preferably, the runoff water supply device is a hollow cuboid structure; the upper end of the runoff water supply device is detachably fitted with a top cover.

[0010] Preferably, the current stabilizing element is a current stabilizing baffle, and the current stabilizing baffle has multiple current stabilizing holes.

[0011] Preferably, the bottom plate of the outer casing has a plurality of infiltration holes on the bottom surface corresponding to the runoff channel. The bottom plate is covered with non-woven fabric to prevent the loss of dry soil when the runoff channel is filled. The infiltration holes have a diameter of 6 mm and are used to allow excess liquid in the soil of the runoff channel to infiltrate during solidification.

[0012] Preferably, the tilt angle of the outer casing is less than 45°.

[0013] Preferably, the movable adjustment device includes a base, a handle, a lifting frame, and a fence. One end of the fence is hinged to the first end of the base. The lower end of the lifting frame is installed in the middle of the upper end of the base. The upper end of the lifting frame is movably installed in the middle of the lower end of the fence. When the lifting frame is raised or lowered, it can drive the fence to rotate around the first end of the base. The handle is installed in the second end of the base and is used for the operator to hold. The fence is used to place the outer shell. Each corner of the lower end of the base is also equipped with a universal wheel with a brake.

[0014] Preferably, the outer casing is further provided with a water collection device and a seepage collection device. The water collection device is located near the water outlet, and the water outlet is located below the water collection device. The water collection device is used to collect the mixture flowing out of the water outlet. The water collection device includes a water collection tank, a sediment collection box, and a temporary baffle. The water collection tank has a guide plate near the water outlet. The guide plate is inclined and its height gradually decreases from near to away from the water outlet. The water collection tank also has a lifting plate. The lifting plate is located near the end of the guide plate and its height gradually decreases from near to away from the water outlet. The sediment collection box is located inside the water collection tank and placed on top of the lifting plate. The sediment collection box includes a bottom plate and three filter screens. The base plate is used to contact the upper end of the raised plate, and the upper surface of the base plate and the upper surface of the guide plate are on the same plane. There is no gap between the base plate and the guide plate. The three filter screens respectively form the three side walls of the sediment collection box. The temporary baffle is set near the other side wall of the sediment collection box, and the temporary baffle can be detachably installed in the effluent collection tank and is located on the side of the base plate near the effluent outlet. The three filter screens can be detachably installed on the other three sides of the base plate. There is a gap between the base plate and the inner bottom surface of the effluent collection tank. The filter screens are used to filter the sediment in the mixture discharged from the effluent outlet. The filter screens can be replaced. The seepage collection device is detachably connected to the lower end of the outer shell. The seepage collection device is a seepage collection tank, and the seepage collection tank is set corresponding to the lower bottom surface of the runoff channel.

[0015] Preferably, the erosion simulation system based on combined rainfall-runoff simulation of solidified soil provided by the present invention further includes a rainfall simulation device. The rainfall simulation device includes a mounting frame, a lifting rod assembly, a water supply pipe, and multiple nozzles. The first end of the water supply pipe is used to connect to an external water source, and the second end of the water supply pipe can connect to each of the nozzles. The lifting rod assembly is slidably connected to the mounting frame. The multiple nozzles are all installed on the top surface of the lifting rod assembly. The nozzles are injection needle nozzles, and the multiple nozzles are arranged in a square matrix. The multiple nozzles are used to control the uniformity of rainfall. The lifting rod assembly can drive each nozzle to rise and fall. The first end of the water supply pipe is also connected to a micro water pump. A pressure regulating valve and a rotor flow meter are also installed on the water supply pipe. The pressure regulating valve and the rotor flow meter are used to control the rainfall intensity simulated by the nozzles.

[0016] The present invention achieves the following technical effects compared to the prior art:

[0017] The present invention provides a combined rainfall-runoff simulation erosion system for solidified soil, comprising a runoff water supply device, a runoff channel, a monitoring device, and a moving adjustment device. The runoff water supply device is located at one end of the runoff channel and is capable of supplying water into the runoff channel. The runoff water supply device has an inlet at the end furthest from the runoff channel to facilitate water flow into the runoff channel. The runoff channel has an outlet at the end furthest from the runoff water supply device, which is used to collect rainwater and sediment eroded by rain and runoff. A flow stabilizing element is provided at the inlet, which effectively breaks up large eddies in the water at the inlet, making the water flow very uniform after entering the inlet. The straight and smooth design greatly suppresses initial disturbances, increases the critical Reynolds number, and makes it easier to achieve laminar flow at lower Reynolds numbers. This ensures that the water flow is in a laminar state during runoff simulation, enabling the simulation of thin-layer runoff erosion of the surface soil. The monitoring device is used to monitor the parameters in the runoff channel and the erosion process. Both the runoff supply device and the runoff channel are inclined, with the height of the inlet side higher than the height of the outlet side, which facilitates water flow and simulates erosion. Both the runoff supply device and the runoff channel are located on a movable adjustment device, which can move the runoff supply device and the runoff channel and adjust their tilt angle, making the overall movement and angle adjustment more convenient and effective. Attached Figure Description

[0018] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention or the prior art, the drawings used in the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0019] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the erosion simulation system based on combined rainfall-runoff simulation in solidified soil according to the present invention;

[0020] Figure 2 This is a side view of the erosion simulation system based on combined rainfall-runoff simulation of solidified soil in this invention;

[0021] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram showing the location of the water inlet and outlet in this invention;

[0022] Figure 4 This is a cross-sectional view of the runoff water supply device in this invention (the arrows in the figure indicate the direction of water flow).

[0023] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the moving adjustment device in this invention;

[0024] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the rainfall simulation device in this invention;

[0025] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the water collection device in this invention;

[0026] Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the seepage collection device in this invention;

[0027] In the diagram: 1-Runoff water supply device, 2-Runoff channel, 3-Baffle, 4-Top cover, 5-Baffle assembly, 6-Outlet, 7-Infiltration hole, 8-Inlet, 9-Flow stabilizing element, 10-Flow stabilizing hole, 11-Outer shell, 12-Base, 13-Lifting rod, 14-Upper connecting crossbar, 15-Fence, 16-Handle, 17-Wheel caster, 18-Lower connecting crossbar, 19-Mounting frame, 20-Water pipe, 21-Lifting rod assembly, 22-Sprinkler head, 23-Outlet collection box, 24-Temporary baffle, 25-Base plate, 26-Filter screen, 27-Raising plate, 28-Guide plate, 29-Infiltration collection box. Detailed Implementation

[0028] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0029] The purpose of this invention is to provide a combined rainfall-runoff simulation erosion system based on solidified soil to solve the problems existing in the prior art, avoid disrupting the stability of natural runoff generation, and realize the simulation of thin-layer runoff erosion of surface soil.

[0030] To make the above-mentioned objects, features and advantages of the present invention more apparent and understandable, the present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.

[0031] like Figures 1-8As shown, this embodiment provides a combined rainfall-runoff simulation erosion system based on solidified soil, including a runoff water supply device 1, a runoff channel 2, a monitoring device, and a moving adjustment device. The runoff water supply device 1 is located at one end of the runoff channel 2 and can supply water into the runoff channel 2. The runoff water supply device 1 has an inlet 8 at the end away from the runoff channel 2 to facilitate the introduction of water into the runoff channel 2. The runoff channel 2 has an outlet 6 at the end away from the runoff water supply device 1. The outlet 6 is used to collect rainwater and sediment after rain erosion and runoff erosion. A flow stabilizing element 9 is provided at the inlet 8, which can effectively break up large eddies in the water at the inlet 8, so that the water flow after entering the inlet 8 is more stable. The flow becomes very uniform and straight, greatly suppressing initial disturbances and increasing the critical Reynolds number. This makes it easier to achieve laminar flow at lower Reynolds numbers, ensuring that the water flow is in a laminar state during runoff simulation. This allows for the simulation of thin-layer runoff erosion of the surface soil. The monitoring device is used to monitor the parameters and erosion process within the runoff channel 2. Both the runoff supply device 1 and the runoff channel 2 are inclined, with the height of the side where the inlet 8 is located higher than the height of the side where the outlet 6 is located, thus facilitating water flow and erosion simulation. Both the runoff supply device 1 and the runoff channel 2 are located on the moving adjustment device, which can move the runoff supply device 1 and the runoff channel 2 and adjust their tilt angles, making overall movement and angle adjustment more convenient and effective.

[0032] Specifically, the erosion simulation system based on combined rainfall-runoff in solidified soil provided in this embodiment also includes an outer shell 11. The runoff channel 2 and the runoff water supply device 1 are integrated through the outer shell 11. A partition 3 is installed inside the outer shell 11, perpendicular to the bottom surface of the outer shell 11. The runoff channel 2 and the runoff water supply device 1 are formed on both sides of the partition 3, respectively. A flow stabilizing element 9 is installed inside the runoff water supply device 1, and there is a gap between the lower end of the flow stabilizing element 9 and the inner bottom surface of the outer shell 11. The height of the partition 3 is lower than the height of the side wall of the outer shell 11, thereby allowing water in the runoff water supply device 1 to flow into the runoff channel 2 through the upper end of the partition 3. The flow direction of the water is as follows: Figure 4 As shown by the middle arrow. The dimensions of the runoff channel 2 are 900mm long, 300mm wide, and 100mm deep, and it is used to hold soil. The dimensions of the runoff water supply device 1 are 280mm long, 100mm wide, and 100mm deep, and it is used to hold water. Those skilled in the art can also make adaptive adjustments to the above dimensions according to actual needs.

[0033] The inlet 8 is located on the side wall at one end of the outer shell 11, and the inlet 8 is a capsule-shaped opening, that is, the inlet 8 is flat to expand its cross-section. This design is because when turbulent flow enters a suddenly expanded cross-section, the flow velocity will drop sharply (according to the continuity equation), which will lead to a significant reduction in the local Reynolds number. If the reduced Reynolds number is much lower than the critical value, the flow may turn into laminar flow downstream.

[0034] The runoff water supply device 1 is a hollow cuboid structure. The upper end of the runoff water supply device 1 is detachably equipped with a top cover 4. The upper end of the runoff channel 2 may or may not be equipped with any shielding structure, or it may be equipped with a detachable structure, so as to be able to cooperate with the rainfall simulation device to conduct rain erosion test. One side of the runoff water supply device 1 is connected to the water inlet 8, and the flow stabilizing element 9 is installed inside the runoff water supply device 1.

[0035] The bottom plate of the outer casing 11 has multiple infiltration holes 7 on the bottom surface corresponding to the runoff channel 2. The diameter of the infiltration holes 7 is preferably 6 mm. This size design has been verified by experiments to effectively prevent clogging by the cementing material used during soil solidification. That is, if the diameter of the infiltration holes 7 is smaller than this size, it is easy to get clogged; if it is larger than this size, it cannot provide effective support. In practical applications, those skilled in the art can also make adaptive adjustments according to actual needs. Before filling the runoff channel 2 with soil, a non-woven fabric of the same size can be laid on the upper surface of the bottom plate. The non-woven fabric is used to prevent the loss of dry soil during filling of the runoff channel 2, and the infiltration holes 7 are used to allow excess liquid in the soil in the runoff channel 2 to infiltrate during solidification.

[0036] The cross-section of the flow channel at outlet 6 is trapezoidal, and the size of the flow channel gradually decreases in the direction of water flow to facilitate the collection of water and sediment.

[0037] A baffle assembly 5 is detachably connected to the upper end of the baffle 3 and the outlet 6. Each baffle assembly 5 includes four layers of layered baffles stacked on top of each other. The thickness of each layered baffle is 5mm. The layered baffles are used to ensure that the inlet surface of the runoff water supply device 1 and the collection surface of the outlet 6 are always on the same plane as the solidified soil surface of the runoff channel 2. While facilitating the filling of solidified soil, it can also effectively control the depth of the solidified surface soil to be flush with the liquid surface of the runoff water supply device 1 and the outlet 6.

[0038] The outer shell 11 has a tilt angle of less than 45° to simulate a slope.

[0039] like Figure 5As shown, the erosion simulation system based on combined rainfall-runoff simulation of solidified soil in this embodiment also includes a movable adjustment device for supporting the outer shell. The movable adjustment device includes a base 12, a handle 16, a lifting frame, and a fence 15. One end of the fence 15 is hinged to the first end of the base 12. The lower end of the lifting frame is installed at the middle of the upper end of the base 12, and the upper end of the lifting frame is movably installed at the middle of the lower end of the fence 15. When the lifting frame is raised or lowered, it can drive the fence 15 to rotate around the first end of the base 12, and the rotation range is 0°~45°. As a preferred embodiment, the lifting frame includes two lifting rods 13 and an upper connecting rod. The lower ends of the two lifting rods 13 are mounted on the base 12, and the upper ends of the two lifting rods 13 are respectively connected to the two ends of the upper connecting crossbar 14. The upper end of the upper connecting crossbar 14 can slide and rotate to the lower end of the fence 15, ensuring that the fence 15 can rotate stably when the lifting rods 13 are raised and lowered. Alternatively, the upper ends of the two lifting rods 13 can be connected to the two ends of the upper connecting crossbar 14, and the upper end of the upper connecting crossbar 14 can rotate to the lower end of the fence 15. The lower ends of the lifting rods 13 can rotate to the lower connecting crossbar 18, and the lower end of the lower connecting crossbar 18 can slide and rotate to the base 12. A handle 16 is installed at the second end of the base 12 and is used for the operator to hold. The fence 15 is used to place the outer casing. The lower corners of the base 12 are also equipped with casters 17 with brakes for easy movement during field testing and fixation after movement.

[0040] The monitoring device includes a high-speed camera, a laser displacement sensor, a particle imaging velocimeter (PIV), a turbidity meter, and a 3D laser scanner. The high-speed camera is positioned above the outer casing 11 to clearly record the erosion process inside the casing 11. The laser displacement sensor is used to measure water depth. The PIV and turbidity meters use PIV technology to measure flow velocity and monitor sediment content. The 3D laser scanner is used to perform 3D laser scanning to record slope deformation, forming a complete experimental system of "slope setting → water flow application → parameter monitoring → sediment collection → deformation analysis".

[0041] The outer casing 11 is also equipped with a water collection device and a seepage collection device. The water collection device is located near the water outlet 6, and the water outlet 6 is located below the water collection device. The water collection device is used to collect the mixture flowing out of the water outlet 6. The water collection device includes a water collection tank 23, a sediment collection box, and a temporary baffle. The water collection tank 23 is equipped with a guide plate 28 near the water outlet 6. The guide plate 28 is inclined and its height gradually decreases from near to away from the water outlet 6. The water collection tank 23 is also equipped with a lifting plate. 27. The raised plate 27 is located near the end of the guide plate 28, and its height gradually decreases from near to far from the outlet 6. The sediment collection box is located inside the outlet collection tank 23 and placed on top of the raised plate 27. The sediment collection box includes a bottom plate 25 and three filter screens 26. The bottom plate 25 is used to contact the upper end of the raised plate 27, and the upper surface of the bottom plate 25 is on the same plane as the upper surface of the guide plate 28. There is no gap between the bottom plate 25 and the guide plate 28, thus ensuring that all water discharged from the outlet 6 can pass through the filter screens 26. Filtration is performed to prevent unfiltered water from flowing directly into the outlet collection tank 23 through the gaps. Three filter screens 26 form three side walls of the sediment collection box. The filter screens 26 are used to filter sediment in the mixture discharged from the outlet 6. The filter screens 26 are replaceable, thus adaptable to filtering sediment of different particle sizes. A temporary baffle 24 is set near the other side wall of the sediment collection box and can be detachably installed in the outlet collection tank 23 and located on the bottom plate 25 near the outlet 6. The three filter screens 26 can be detachably installed on the bottom plate. On the other three sides of 25, temporary baffles 24 are used to intercept water flow when the sediment collection box is replaced or the filter screen 26 needs to be replaced. There is a gap between the bottom plate 25 and the inner bottom surface of the outlet collection box 23 to facilitate the collection of the outlet water. Through the above design, the water and sediment discharged from the outlet 6 can be collected, which facilitates the recycling of water. The seepage collection device can be detachably connected to the lower end of the outer shell 11. The seepage collection device is a seepage collection box 29, and the seepage collection box 29 is set on the lower bottom surface of the runoff channel 2 to realize the collection of seepage.

[0042] As a preferred embodiment, the water collection device is 400mm long, 150mm wide, and 100mm high, and can be equipped with a metal filter screen 26 of different pore sizes or without a filter screen 26, depending on the different particle sizes; the seepage collection device is 900mm long, 300mm wide, and 30mm high.

[0043] The erosion simulation system based on combined rainfall-runoff simulation in solidified soil in this embodiment also includes a rainfall simulation device. The rainfall simulation device includes a mounting frame 19, a lifting rod assembly 21, a water supply pipe 20, and multiple nozzles 22. The first end of the water supply pipe 20 is used to connect to an external water source, and the second end of the water supply pipe 20 can connect to each nozzle 22. The lifting rod assembly 21 is slidably connected to the mounting frame 19. Multiple nozzles 22 are all installed on the top surface of the lifting rod assembly 21, and the multiple nozzles 22 are arranged in a square matrix. The lifting rod assembly 21 can drive each nozzle 22 to rise and fall within a height range of 2m to ensure the rainfall terminal speed. The nozzles 22 are injection needle nozzles. The first end of the water supply pipe 20 is also connected to a micro water pump. A pressure regulating valve and a rotor flow meter are also installed on the water supply pipe 20. The pressure regulating valve and the rotor flow meter are used to control the rainfall intensity simulated by the nozzles 22. At the same time, through the design of the injection needle nozzles and the square matrix arrangement of the injection needle nozzles, the rainfall uniformity can also be controlled. Meanwhile, the nozzles 22 are available in various specifications, meaning they have multiple orifice diameters. By combining nozzles 22 with different orifice diameters, the raindrop diameter distribution can be adjusted to ensure uniform rain intensity distribution. As a preferred embodiment, wheels are also provided at the lower end of the mounting bracket 19 for easy movement.

[0044] The flow stabilizing element 9 is a flow stabilizing baffle, and multiple flow stabilizing holes 10 are provided on the flow stabilizing baffle. The flow stabilizing holes 10 are evenly distributed. Alternatively, a honeycomb or rectifier grid or other flow stabilizing structure can be selected.

[0045] The numerical simulation in this embodiment is based on the hydrodynamic-soil mechanics coupling theory, as detailed below:

[0046] Water flow is governed by shallow water equations:

[0047]

[0048] in, Here, h is the water depth and t is the time, and h is the partial differential operator. Let be the rate of change of water depth over time, hu be the flow velocity vector, R be the rainfall intensity, and I be the infiltration rate;

[0049] Sediment transport is described by the mass conservation equation:

[0050]

[0051] Where C is the sediment concentration, and hC is the mass of sediment per unit bed area. Let u be the rate of change of sediment mass per unit bed area over time, and let u be the fluid velocity. For sedimentation rate, Erosion rate;

[0052] Soil erosion is modeled using shear force:

[0053]

[0054] in, Soil erodibility, For water flow shear force, This is the critical value. It is an experience index;

[0055] To ensure that the runoff water supply device 1 in this embodiment can provide thin-layer water flow for soil erosion, it is necessary to change the water flow from turbulent to laminar. This change is mainly controlled by the Reynolds number, which can be achieved by suppressing disturbances and increasing flow stability. Therefore, in this embodiment, a flow stabilizing element 9 is installed at the inlet 8.

[0056] Since real slope erosion is a dynamic coupling process of soil particle stripping caused by raindrop splashing and sediment transport formed by runoff scouring, this embodiment quantitatively analyzes the contribution rates of the two through separation experiments (pure rainfall / pure runoff / combined action), verifies the coupling mechanism of the microbial solidified soil erosion model, and solves the problem of the fragmentation of solidified soil under the natural erosion dynamics.

[0057] Specific examples have been used to illustrate the principles and implementation methods of this invention. The descriptions of the above embodiments are only for the purpose of helping to understand the method and core ideas of this invention. Furthermore, those skilled in the art will recognize that, based on the ideas of this invention, there will be changes in the specific implementation methods and application scope. Therefore, the content of this specification should not be construed as a limitation of this invention.

Claims

1. A system for simulating rainfall-runoff erosion based on solidified soil, characterized in that: The device comprises a runoff water supply device, a runoff tank and a monitoring device and a mobile adjustment device, the runoff water supply device is located at one end of the runoff tank, and the runoff water supply device can supply water into the runoff tank, the runoff water supply device is provided with a water inlet at the end away from the runoff tank, the runoff tank is provided with a water outlet at the end away from the runoff water supply device, the water inlet is provided with a flow stabilizing element, and the flow stabilizing element can suppress the initial disturbance of the water flow, the monitoring device is used for monitoring the parameters and erosion process in the runoff tank, the runoff water supply device and the runoff tank are both arranged obliquely, and the height of the side where the water inlet is located is higher than the height of the side where the water outlet is located, the runoff water supply device and the runoff tank are both located on the mobile adjustment device, and the mobile adjustment device can drive the runoff water supply device and the runoff tank to move and adjust the inclination angle of the runoff water supply device and the runoff tank. The device further comprises an outer shell, a partition plate is installed in the outer shell, the partition plate is arranged vertically to the bottom surface of the outer shell, and the two sides of the partition plate form the runoff tank and the runoff water supply device respectively, the flow stabilizing element is installed in the runoff water supply device, and there is a gap between the lower end of the flow stabilizing element and the inner bottom surface of the outer shell, and the height of the partition plate is lower than the height of the side wall of the outer shell. The flow stabilizing element is a flow stabilizing baffle, and a plurality of flow stabilizing holes are formed in the flow stabilizing baffle, and one end of the flow stabilizing baffle is provided with a flow stabilizing inclined plate. The water inlet is formed in the side wall of one end of the outer shell, and the water inlet is a capsule-shaped opening.

2. The solidified soil-based rainfall-runoff co-simulation erosion system according to claim 1, wherein: The upper end of the partition plate and the water outlet are respectively detachably connected to a baffle group, each baffle group comprises four layers of layered baffles stacked one above another, the thickness of each layered baffle is 5mm, and the layered baffles are used to ensure that the water inlet surface of the runoff water supply device and the collection surface of the water outlet are always on the same plane as the solidified soil surface of the runoff tank.

3. The solidifying soil based rainfall-runoff combined simulation erosion system according to claim 2, characterized in that: The runoff water supply device is a hollow rectangular structure, and the upper end of the runoff water supply device is detachably provided with an upper cover.

4. The solidifying soil based rainfall-runoff combined simulation erosion system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The bottom plate of the outer shell is provided with a plurality of infiltration holes on the bottom surface corresponding to the runoff tank, and a non-woven fabric is laid on the bottom plate, which is used to prevent dry soil from being lost when the runoff tank is filled, the diameter of the infiltration holes is 6mm, and the infiltration holes are used to infiltrate excess liquid in the soil in the runoff tank during solidification.

5. The solidifying soil based rainfall-runoff co-simulation erosion system of claim 1, wherein: The inclination angle of the outer shell is less than 45°.

6. The solidifying soil based rainfall-runoff co-simulation erosion system of claim 1, wherein: The mobile adjustment device comprises a base, a handle, a lifting frame and a fence, one end of the fence is hinged to the first end of the base, the lower end of the lifting frame is installed in the upper middle part of the base, the upper end of the lifting frame is movably installed in the lower middle part of the fence, and the lifting frame can drive the fence to rotate around the first end of the base when the lifting frame is lifted, the handle is installed on the second end of the base, and the handle is used for the operator to hold, the fence is used to place the outer shell, and universal wheels with brakes are installed on the lower end of each corner of the base.

7. The solidifying soil-based rainfall-runoff co-simulation erosion system according to claim 6, wherein: The outer shell is also provided with water outlet collecting device and liquid seepage collecting device, the water outlet collecting device is arranged near the water outlet, and the water outlet is located above the water outlet collecting device, the water outlet collecting device is used for collecting the mixture flowing out of the water outlet, the water outlet collecting device comprises a water outlet collecting box, a sediment collecting box and a temporary baffle, the water outlet collecting box is provided with a deflector plate near the water outlet, the deflector plate is arranged inclinedly, and the height of the deflector plate gradually decreases from the direction close to the water outlet to the direction away from the water outlet, the water outlet collecting box is also provided with a lifting plate, the lifting plate is arranged near the end of the deflector plate, and the height of the lifting plate gradually decreases from the direction close to the water outlet to the direction away from the water outlet, the sediment collecting box is located in the water outlet collecting box and placed on the upper end of the lifting plate, the sediment collecting box comprises a bottom plate and three filter screens, the bottom plate is used for contacting the upper end of the lifting plate, and the upper surface of the bottom plate is located on the same plane as the upper surface of the deflector plate, there is no gap between the bottom plate and the deflector plate, the three filter screens form three side walls of the sediment collecting box respectively, the temporary baffle is arranged near the other side wall of the sediment collecting box, and the temporary baffle is detachably installed in the water outlet collecting box and located on one side of the bottom plate close to the water outlet, the three filter screens are detachably installed on the other three sides of the bottom plate, there is a gap between the bottom plate and the inner bottom surface of the water outlet collecting box, the filter screens are used for filtering the sediment in the mixture discharged from the water outlet, and the filter screens can be replaced; the liquid seepage collecting device is detachably connected to the lower end of the outer shell, the liquid seepage collecting device is a liquid seepage collecting box, and the liquid seepage collecting box is arranged corresponding to the lower bottom surface of the runoff tank.

8. The solidifying soil based rainfall-runoff co-simulation erosion system of claim 1, wherein: It also comprises a rainfall simulation device, the rainfall simulation device comprises a mounting frame, a lifting rod group, a water supply pipe and a plurality of spray heads, the first end of the water supply pipe is used for connecting an external water source, the second end of the water supply pipe can communicate with each spray head, the lifting rod group is slidingly connected in the mounting frame, a plurality of spray heads are installed on the top surface of the lifting rod group, the spray head is a injection needle type spray head, and a plurality of spray heads are arranged in a square matrix, a plurality of spray heads are used for controlling rainfall uniformity, the lifting rod group can drive each spray head to rise and fall, the first end of the water supply pipe is also connected with a micro water pump, a pressure regulating valve and a rotor flowmeter are also installed on the water supply pipe, and the pressure regulating valve and the rotor flowmeter are used for controlling the rainfall intensity simulated by the spray head.

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