Method for efficient cultivation through rock planting

Abstract

The invention provides a method for efficient cultivation through rock planting, and relates to the technical field of modern agricultural soilless cultivation. The method comprises the following steps: preparing perlite, modified charcoal and vermiculite into a composite substrate according to a specific ratio, matching with a dynamic nutrient solution system containing dissolved oxygen sustained-release microcapsules, realizing precise solution supply regulation and control by adopting a K algorithm, and performing nutrient solution cyclic regeneration by utilizing an ultraviolet-biological membrane coupling technology; namely, through optimization of a matrix formula, precise nutrient solution circulation, K-value algorithm solution supply control and the like, high yield of non-cultivated land crops, efficient utilization of water and fertilizer and whole-course pesticide-free production are realized, and a popularized innovative solution is provided for modern agriculture.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to the field of modern agricultural soilless cultivation technology, in particular to a method for efficient cultivation using rock plants. BACKGROUND

[0002] With the global population growth and the increasing scarcity of arable land resources, traditional agriculture is facing multiple pressures such as water resource shortage, soil degradation, and environmental pollution. To address these challenges, soilless cultivation technology has emerged and gradually developed into an important direction of modern agriculture. However, existing soilless cultivation modes have certain limitations, such as long-term immersion in water culture leading to root respiration obstruction, plant root rot, and imbalance of elements or breeding of pathogenic bacteria, air culture relying on high-pressure atomization system with daily power consumption of 8-10 kW·h / mu, high operating cost, and substrate cultivation easily causing salinization after long-term use. Therefore, although these soilless cultivation modes have improved resource utilization efficiency to some extent, they still have many technical bottlenecks and are difficult to meet the development needs of efficient and sustainable agriculture.

[0003] Under this background, rock-based cultivation technology, as a new soilless cultivation mode, combines intelligent nutrient solution regulation with perlite substrate to achieve stability of substrate cultivation and efficiency of water culture. It uses perlite as the main cultivation medium and combines an intelligent nutrient solution circulation system to achieve the following breakthroughs: (1) high-yield planting on land that is difficult to utilize in traditional agriculture, such as rocky desertification and saline-alkali land; (2) closed nutrient solution circulation significantly improves water and fertilizer utilization efficiency, which is much higher than traditional soil cultivation.

[0004] However, this technology still has key problems in practical application: 1) insufficient substrate functionality: poor water retention and weak ion exchange capacity of perlite lead to low nutrient solution utilization efficiency; 2) disease prevention and control difficulties: pathogenic microorganisms (such as pythium and fusarium) easily accumulate in the circulating nutrient solution, and traditional ultraviolet sterilization is ineffective for biofilm pathogens; 3) limited crop adaptability: a single nutrient solution formula cannot meet the differentiated needs of leafy vegetables, fruits, and rice.

[0005] To overcome the above limitations, the present application proposes a method for efficient cultivation using rock plants. SUMMARY

[0006] The present application aims to provide a method for efficient cultivation using rock plants, which realizes high yield of non-arable crops, efficient use of water and fertilizer, and pesticide-free production through optimization of substrate formula, precise nutrient solution circulation, and K value algorithm for liquid supply control, providing an innovative solution for modern agriculture that can be promoted.

[0007] To solve the above technical problems, the present application adopts the following technical solutions:

[0008] A method for efficient cultivation of rock plants, which comprises setting up a special composite substrate and a cultivation nutrient solution, and calculating the liquid supply frequency by formula, reasonably formulating for different crops and different periods, in addition, also carrying out the regeneration treatment of circulating liquid, specifically comprising the following steps:

[0009] (1) Preparation of composite substrate: mix perlite, modified biochar and vermiculite, then soak in citric acid solution with pH 5.5-6.0 for 40-52h, drain and sinter at 180-200℃ for 2-3h to obtain the composite substrate for cultivation;

[0010] (2) Dynamic nutrient solution configuration: add oxygen dissolving slow-release microcapsules to the base nutrient solution to obtain the cultivation nutrient solution;

[0011] The base nutrient solution is configured according to the type of crops: for example, for small green cucumbers, use Yamazaki cucumber formula to add 0.1ppm sodium selenite as the base nutrient solution; for rice, use the formula of International Rice Research Institute as the base nutrient solution; for peas, use Hoagland formula to add 0.05% seaweed extract as the base nutrient solution;

[0012] (3) Crop adaptation index regulation: calculate the liquid supply frequency according to K=0.3EC+0.5L+0.2G;

[0013] Wherein, EC is the real-time conductivity, L is the light intensity coefficient, and G is the growth cycle coefficient;

[0014] (4) Circulating liquid regeneration treatment: extract the backflow liquid, sterilize it by ultraviolet-biological membrane coupling system, and then return it to the liquid supply tank to realize recycling regeneration.

[0015] In the present application, further, the perlite, modified biochar and vermiculite in step (1) are mixed in a mass ratio of 82:10:8, the particle size of the perlite is 3-5mm, the particle size of the modified biochar is 1-2mm, and the particle size of the vermiculite is 1-3mm.

[0016] In the present application, further, the modified biochar in step (1) is prepared by mixing oyster shell powder, bamboo chips and humic acid in a mass ratio of 4:3:2, and pyrolyzing at 600℃ for 2 hours.

[0017] In the present application, further, the preparation process of the oxygen dissolving slow-release microcapsules in step (2) comprises the following steps: 1) mix sodium percarbonate and calcium peroxide in a ratio of 7:3 as core material; 2) use emulsion solvent evaporation method, use polylactic acid with molecular weight of 8-10 million as coating material, and the coating rate is ≥95%; the particle size of the obtained oxygen dissolving slow-release microcapsules is 50-80μm.

[0018] In the present application, further, the EC of step (3) is real-time electrical conductivity (mS / cm), which is collected by an EC sensor in the planting tank; L is a light intensity coefficient, with a value of 0-1, which is obtained by a canopy photosynthetic quantum sensor, and is 1 when ≥800 μmol / m² / s; G is a growth cycle coefficient, which is set according to crop types, wherein: leaf vegetable seedling stage 0.2, growth stage 0.8; melon and fruit flowering stage 0.5, fruiting stage 1.0; rice seedling and tillering stage 0.3, booting stage 0.9.

[0019] In the present application, further, after the K value is calculated in step (3), the liquid supply frequency is as follows: when K<0.3, the liquid supply frequency is once every 2 hours, when 0.3≤K<0.6, the liquid supply frequency is once every 1 hour, and when K≥0.6, the liquid supply frequency is once every 0.5 hour. The duration of each liquid supply is generally 90 seconds (12 seconds for rice cultivation).

[0020] In the present application, further, in the ultraviolet-biological membrane coupling system of step (4), the ultraviolet radiation intensity is 90±5 μW / cm², and the biological membrane carrier is activated carbon fiber felt loaded with nitrifying bacteria.

[0021] In the present application, further, the amount of backflow liquid extracted in step (4) is 12%; that is, 12% of the total nutrient liquid volume in the circulation system is extracted every day for regeneration treatment.

[0022] The present application also provides an application of the above rock planting method in factory production of non-cultivated land crops, characterized in that: the non-cultivated land includes rocky desertification land, cement hardened land or saline-alkali land.

[0023] As described above, due to the adoption of the above technical solutions, the present application has at least the following beneficial effects:

[0024] The present application proposes a method for efficient cultivation by using rocks, which ingeniously solves the problems of large water and fertilizer consumption and rotten roots in traditional soil cultivation, serious salinization in general substrate cultivation, and large power consumption in air culture, and has the following breakthroughs:

[0025] (1) Significantly improve cultivation efficiency and yield: through the regulation of composite substrate and intelligent nutrient solution, efficient planting of crops in non-cultivated land (such as rocky desertification and saline-alkali land) is realized, and the available land resources for agriculture are expanded. In addition, the dynamic nutrient supply and the recycling system support continuous multi-crop planting, which better solves the problem of continuous cropping obstacles and significantly improves the annual yield.

[0026] (2) Efficient use of resources and environmental friendliness: the use of a closed nutrient solution circulation system greatly reduces water, fertilizer and electricity consumption, and there is no pollution emission, which reduces agricultural non-point source pollution and effectively prevents and controls diseases by using ultraviolet-biological membrane coupling sterilization technology, thus realizing green and pollution-free production.

[0027] (3) Intelligent and precise management: dynamic regulation: liquid supply strategy based on K value algorithm, real-time response to crop demand, and optimization of growth environment.

[0028] (4) Matrix and nutrient solution collaborative innovation: perfect combination of perlite-biochar-vermiculite to solve poor water retention, salinization and other problems, extend service life, combined with microcapsule coating process to ensure root oxygen stability and avoid the risk of root rot.

[0029] The present application solves the three core problems of rock planting cultivation (substrate functionality, disease prevention and control, and crop adaptation) through method innovation, compatible with diversified planting needs of leafy vegetables, fruits, rice, etc., with high yield, energy saving, environmental protection and intelligent features, and has significant industrial application value. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0030] Fig. 1-4 is a small green cucumber rock planting cultivation site map;

[0031] Fig. 5-8 is a rice rock planting cultivation site map. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0032] The following examples can help those skilled in the art to more fully understand the present application, but can not limit the present application in any way.

[0033] Example 1: Small green cucumber rock planting cultivation Fig. 1-4 )

[0034] The present application provides a method for efficient cultivation using rock planting, comprising the following steps:

[0035] 1. Facility preparation: construction of planting tank, laying of nano impermeable membrane (thickness 0.2mm) at the bottom of the tank, installation of EC / pH sensor and light probe;

[0036] 2. Preparation of composite matrix: mix perlite (particle size 3-5mm), modified biochar (1-2mm) and vermiculite (particle size 1-3mm) in a mass ratio of 82:10:8, then soak in citric acid solution with pH 5.5-6.0 for 40-52h, drain and sinter at 180-200℃ for 2-3h to obtain the composite matrix for cultivation; the modified biochar is prepared by mixing oyster shell powder, bamboo chips and humic acid in a mass ratio of 4:3:2, and pyrolyzing at 600℃ for 2 hours under anaerobic conditions;

[0037] 3. Nutrient solution system construction: add oxygen dissolving slow-release microcapsules to the basic nutrient solution to obtain a cultivation nutrient solution; the preparation process of the oxygen dissolving slow-release microcapsules comprises the following steps: 1) mixing sodium percarbonate and calcium peroxide at a ratio of 7:3 as core materials; 2) using an emulsion solvent evaporation method, using polylactic acid with a molecular weight of 80-100 thousand as a coating material, and the coating rate is ≥95%; the particle size of the obtained oxygen dissolving slow-release microcapsules is 50-80 μm; the basic nutrient solution is prepared: add the following ingredients to each ton of water: calcium nitrate 826 g, potassium dihydrogen phosphate 136 g, magnesium sulfate 483 g, sodium selenite 0.1 ppm;

[0038] 4. Crop adaptation index regulation: according to K = 0.3EC + 0.5L + 0.2G, the liquid supply frequency is calculated;

[0039] Wherein, EC is the real-time conductivity, L is the light intensity coefficient, and G is the growth cycle coefficient; EC is the real-time conductivity (mS / cm), which is collected by the EC sensor in the planting tank; L is the light intensity coefficient, the value is 0-1, which is obtained by the canopy quantum sensor, and is taken as 1 when ≥800 μmol / m² / s; G is the growth cycle coefficient, wherein: flowering period 0.5, fruiting period 1.0; after calculating the K value, the liquid supply frequency is as follows: when K < 0.3, the liquid supply frequency is once every 2 hours, and the single liquid supply time is 90 s; when 0.3≤K < 0.6, it is once every 1 hour; when K≥0.6, it is once every 0.5 hour; the single liquid supply time is 90 s, and the flow rate is 1.0 L / min·planting tank; the planting design width is 0.6 m, the length is 15 m, the interval is 0.9 m, and the tank area is about 9 m²;

[0040] 5. Circulating liquid maintenance: that is, 12% of the total nutrient liquid volume in the circulation system is extracted every day for regeneration treatment, and the backflow liquid is returned to the liquid supply tank after sterilization by the ultraviolet-biological membrane coupling system to realize circulation and regeneration; in the ultraviolet-biological membrane coupling system, the ultraviolet radiation intensity is 90±5 μW / cm², and the biological membrane carrier is activated carbon fiber felt loaded with nitrifying bacteria.

[0041] 6. Harvesting and data recording:

[0042] (1) Growth cycle:

[0043] As shown in Table 1:

[0044] Table 1 Growth cycle of small green cucumbers

[0045] Growth stage Days K value range Key operation Seedling stage 1-15 0.2-0.3 Every 2 hours Flowering stage 16-30 0.5-0.6 Every 1 hour Fruit stage 31-45 0.7-0.8 Every 0.5 hours

[0046] (2) Yield data:

[0047] As shown in Table 2:

[0048] Table 2 Yield data of small green cucumbers

[0049] Index Number of fruits per plant 18-22 Average fruit weight 210g Root rot incidence 0.05%

[0050] Example 2: Rock-plant rice cultivation Fig. 5-8 )

[0051] 1. Facility preparation: build planting tank, lay nano anti-seepage film (thickness 0.2mm) at the bottom of the tank, install EC / pH sensor and light probe;

[0052] 2. Preparation of composite substrate: mix perlite (3-5mm), modified biochar (1-2mm), and vermiculite (1-3mm) at a ratio of 82:10:8, soak in pH 5.8 citric acid solution for 48h, and sinter at 190℃ for 2.5h; the modified biochar is prepared by mixing oyster shell powder, bamboo chips, and humic acid at a mass ratio of 4:3:2, and pyrolyzing at 600℃ for 2 hours in an anaerobic environment;

[0053] 3. Nutrient solution system construction: add oxygen-dissolving slow-release microcapsules to the basic nutrient solution to obtain the cultivation nutrient solution; the preparation process of the oxygen-dissolving slow-release microcapsules includes the following steps: 1) mix sodium percarbonate and calcium peroxide at a ratio of 7:3 as core material; 2) use emulsion solvent evaporation method, and use polylactic acid with a molecular weight of 8-10 million as coating material, with a coating rate of ≥95%; the obtained oxygen-dissolving slow-release microcapsules have a particle size of 50-80μm; the basic nutrient solution is prepared by adding the following ingredients per ton of water: potassium nitrate 560g, ammonium dihydrogen phosphate 220g, magnesium sulfate 300g, calcium nitrate 180g, and sodium silicate 50g;

[0054] 4. Crop adaptation index regulation: calculate the liquid supply frequency according to K=0.3EC+0.5L+0.2G;

[0055] Wherein, EC is the real-time conductivity, L is the light intensity coefficient, and G is the growth cycle coefficient; EC is the real-time conductivity (mS / cm), which is collected by the EC sensor in the planting tank; L is the light intensity coefficient, with a value of 0-1, which is obtained by the canopy photosynthetic quantum sensor, and is taken as 1 when ≥800μmol / m² / s; G is the growth cycle coefficient, wherein: tillering period 0.3, booting period 0.9; after calculating the K value, the liquid supply frequency is as follows: when K<0.3, the liquid supply frequency is once every 2 hours, when 0.3≤K<0.6, the liquid supply frequency is once every 1 hour, and when K≥0.6, the liquid supply frequency is once every 0.5 hour; the single liquid supply time is 12s, and the flow is 1.5.0L / min·planting tank; the planting design width is 0.6m, the length is 15m, the interval is 0.9m, and the tank area is about 9m²;

[0056] 1. Circulating liquid maintenance: that is, 12% of the total nutrient liquid volume in the circulation system is extracted every day for regeneration treatment, and the backflow liquid is returned to the liquid supply tank after sterilization by the ultraviolet-biological membrane coupling system to realize circulation and regeneration; in the ultraviolet-biological membrane coupling system, the ultraviolet radiation intensity is 90±5 μW / cm², and the biological membrane carrier is activated carbon fiber felt loaded with nitrifying bacteria.

[0057] 2. Harvesting and data recording:

[0058] (1) Growth cycle:

[0059] As shown in Table 3:

[0060] Table 3 Rice growth cycle

[0061] Seedling and tillering stage (1-60 days) K=0.3-0.4 Heading stage (61-100 days) K=0.7-0.8 Grain filling and maturation stage (101-118 days) K=0.5-0.6

[0062] (2) Yield data:

[0063] As shown in Table 4:

[0064] Table 4 Rice yield data

[0065] Yield data The present invention Traditional paddy field Rice yield per mu 1750 kg 450 kg Cadmium content in rice 0.01 mg / kg 0.38 mg / kg Number of planting seasons per year 3 seasons 1 season

[0066] Example 3: Pea rock planting cultivation

[0067] 1. Facility preparation: build planting tank, lay nano anti-seepage membrane (thickness 0.2 mm) at the bottom of the tank, install EC / pH sensor and light probe;

[0068] 2. Preparation of composite substrate: perlite (3-5 mm), modified biochar (1-2 mm), and vermiculite (1-3 mm) are mixed in a ratio of 82:10:8, soaked in pH 5.8 citric acid solution for 48 h, and sintered at 190°C for 2.5 h; the modified biochar is prepared by mixing oyster shell powder, bamboo chips and humic acid in a mass ratio of 4:3:2, and pyrolyzing at 600°C for 2 hours in anaerobic conditions;

[0069] 3. Nutrient solution system construction: add oxygen-releasing slow-release microcapsules to the basic nutrient solution to obtain the cultivation nutrient solution; the preparation process of the oxygen-releasing slow-release microcapsules includes the following steps: 1) mix sodium percarbonate and calcium peroxide in a ratio of 7:3 as core material; 2) use emulsion solvent evaporation method, and use polylactic acid with a molecular weight of 8-10 million as coating material, with a coating rate of ≥95%; the obtained oxygen-releasing slow-release microcapsules have a particle size of 50-80 μm; the basic nutrient solution is prepared by adding the following ingredients per ton of water: ammonium nitrate 400 g, potassium dihydrogen phosphate 150 g, magnesium sulfate 200 g, and seaweed extract 0.5 kg;

[0070] 4. Crop adaptation index regulation: calculate the liquid supply frequency according to K=0.3EC+0.5L+0.2G;

[0071] Wherein, EC is real-time conductivity, L is light intensity coefficient, G is growth cycle coefficient; EC is real-time conductivity (mS / cm), which is collected by EC sensor in planting tank; L is light intensity coefficient, taking 0-1, which is obtained by canopy photosynthetic quantum sensor, taking 1 when ≥800μmol / m² / s; G is growth cycle coefficient, wherein: seedling stage 0.2, pod setting stage 1.0; after calculating K value, liquid supply frequency is as follows: when K<0.3, liquid supply frequency is once every 2 hours, 0.3≤K<0.6 is once every 1 hour, K≥0.6 is once every 0.5 hour; single liquid supply time is 90s, flow is 1.0L / min·planting tank, planting design width is 0.6m, length is 15m, interval is 0.9m, tank area is about 9m²;

[0072] 5. Circulating liquid maintenance: that is, 12% of the total nutrient liquid volume in the circulation system is extracted every day for regeneration treatment, and the backflow liquid is returned to the liquid supply tank after sterilization by the ultraviolet-biological membrane coupling system to realize recycling and regeneration; in the ultraviolet-biological membrane coupling system, the ultraviolet radiation intensity is 90±5μW / cm², and the biological membrane carrier is activated carbon fiber felt loaded with nitrifying bacteria.

[0073] 6. Harvesting and data recording:

[0074] (1) Growth cycle:

[0075] As shown in Table 5:

[0076] Table 5 Growth cycle of peas

[0077] Seedling stage (1-20 days) K=0.3-0.4 Flowering stage (21-40 days) K=0.6-0.7 Pod setting stage (41-60 days) K=0.8-0.9

[0078] (2) Yield data:

[0079] As shown in Table 6:

[0080] Table 6 Yield data of peas

[0081] Yield data The present invention Traditional substrate cultivation Single-season yield 4.2 kg / m² 2.5 kg / m² Fiber content 1.8% 2.6% Water consumption 8 L / kg 45 L / kg

[0082] The applicant also compared the CEC values of the composite substrates with different proportions, and the test results are shown in Table 7:

[0083] Table 7 Test results of CEC values of different proportions

[0084] Proportion (perlite: biochar: vermiculite) CEC value (cmol / kg) 80:12:8 98 82:10:8 118 85:8:7 85

[0085] It can be seen that 82:10:8 is the golden ratio obtained through a large number of experiments.

[0086] The applicant also carries out performance verification of the oxygen-dissolving slow-release microcapsules, and the test conditions are: simulating power-off environment for 72 hours, and comparing the oxygen-dissolving maintaining capacity of the microcapsules of the application with that of common sodium carbonate.

[0087] Table 8 is performance verification of the oxygen-dissolving slow-release microcapsules

[0088] Time (h) Common sodium carbonate (mg / L) Invention microcapsule (mg / L) 0 8.5 8.3 24 2.1 6.8 48 0.5 5.2 72 0.1 3.9

[0089] Note: The critical value of dissolved oxygen is 2.0 mg / L (the minimum requirement for root survival).

[0090] Through the above improvement, the rock-plant cultivation technology is expected to become an important way to solve the shortage of arable land and realize the sustainable development of agriculture. The application is based on the in-depth exploration and innovation optimization in this technical field.

[0091] Although the application has been fully described in the foregoing description with reference to the drawings, it is apparent that modifications and changes can be made to the application by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit of the application. Therefore, these modifications or improvements made on the basis of not deviating from the spirit of the application shall fall within the scope of protection of the application.

Claims

1. A method for efficient cultivation using rock planting, characterized in that: The method comprises the following steps: (1) Preparation of composite matrix: perlite, modified biochar and vermiculite were mixed, then soaked in a citric acid solution with a pH of 5.5-6.0 for 40-52 h, drained and sintered at 180-200 °C for 2-3 h to obtain a composite matrix for cultivation; (2) Dynamic nutrient solution preparation: Add dissolved oxygen slow-release microcapsules to the basic nutrient solution to obtain the nutrient solution for cultivation; (3) Crop adaptation index control: calculate the liquid supply frequency according to K=0.3EC+0.5L+0.2G; Among them, EC is the real-time conductivity, L is the light intensity coefficient, and G is the growth cycle coefficient; (4) Regeneration treatment of circulating fluid: The reflux fluid is extracted and sterilized by the UV-biofilm coupling system and then returned to the supply fluid pool to achieve circulating regeneration.

2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that In the step (1), perlite, modified biochar and vermiculite are mixed in a mass ratio of 82:10:8, the particle size of the perlite is 3-5 mm, the particle size of the modified biochar is 1-2 mm, and the particle size of the vermiculite is 1-3 mm.

3. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that The modified biochar in step (1) is prepared by mixing oyster shell powder, bamboo chips and humic acid in a mass ratio of 4:3:2 and anaerobically pyrolyzing them at 600°C for 2 hours.

4. The method according to claim 1, wherein The step (2) of preparing the dissolved oxygen sustained-release microcapsules comprises the following steps: 1) mixing sodium percarbonate and calcium peroxide in a ratio of 7:3 to form a core material; 2) using an emulsion solvent volatilization method, using polylactic acid with a molecular weight of 80,000 to 100,000 as a coating material, and achieving a coating rate of ≥95%; the obtained dissolved oxygen sustained-release microcapsules have a particle size of 50 to 80 μm.

5. The method according to claim 1, wherein The EC in step (3) is the real-time electrical conductivity (mS / cm), which is collected by the EC sensor in the planting trough; L is the light intensity coefficient, which takes a value of 0-1 and is obtained by the canopy light quantum sensor, and is 1 when it is ≥800μmol / m² / s; G is the growth cycle coefficient, which is set according to the crop type, among which: 0.2 for leafy vegetable seedling stage and 0.8 for growth stage; 0.5 for melon and fruit flowering stage and 1.0 for fruiting stage; 0.3 for rice tillering stage and 0.9 for rice heading stage.

6. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that After the K value is calculated in step (3), the liquid is supplied at the following frequencies: when K < 0.3, the liquid supply frequency is once every 2 hours; when 0.3 ≤ K < 0.6, the liquid supply frequency is once every 1 hour; when K ≥ 0.6, the liquid supply frequency is once every 0.5 hours.

7. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that In the UV-biofilm coupling system of step (4), the UV radiation intensity is 90±5 μW / cm², and the biofilm carrier is activated carbon fiber felt loaded with nitrifying bacteria.

8. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that The amount of reflux liquid extracted in step (4) is 12%.

9. An application of any one of the methods of claims 1 to 8 in factory production of non-arable crops, characterized in that: The non-arable land includes rocky desertified land, cement hardened land or saline-alkali land.

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