Endoscopic guidance and positioning device

Abstract

This invention discloses a ventriculoscope guidance and positioning device, comprising: a holding member for attaching to a bone window of the skull, the holding member having a ball-and-socket joint opposite to the bone window; a guiding member including a guide sleeve and a ball head formed at the lower end of the guide sleeve, the guide hole of the guide sleeve penetrating the ball head, the ball head being embedded in the ball-and-socket joint and rotatable within the ball-and-socket joint; an endoscope passing through the guide hole and entering the ventricle through the bone window; a nut assembly including a first nut component and a second nut component screwed onto the guide sleeve, the second nut component being located below the first nut component; a clamping member disposed in the guide hole, the endoscope passing through the clamping member, the clamping member being driven by the twisting action of the first nut component to clamp and fix the endoscope or release the endoscope; and a locking mechanism being driven by the twisting action of the second nut component to fix or release the ball head.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to a medical device for guiding surgical instruments into the human body, and more particularly to a ventriculoscope-guided positioning device. Background Technology

[0002] As is well known, a ventriculoscope is a medical device used to explore brain tissue. During neurosurgery, the ventriculoscope is inserted into the ventricle through a pre-drilled bone window in the skull. The endoscope must be allowed axial and angular adjustment (i.e., pose adjustment) and maintain the adjusted displacement and angle. Without a guide or positioning component attached to the bone window, the surgeon and assistant must work together to adjust the endoscope's displacement and angle. However, in practice, seamless coordination between the surgeon and assistant is difficult (especially during frequent micro-adjustments), and this increases the number of people involved in the surgery.

[0003] Existing technologies have developed guide and positioning components that attach to the bone window of the skull and allow the endoscope to pass through, facilitating single-surgeon adjustment of the endoscope's displacement and angle. These guide and positioning components typically include a retaining component for attachment to the bone window, a guide sleeve mounted on the retaining component, and an endoscope that passes through a guide hole in the guide sleeve and through the bone window into the surgical chamber. The guide and positioning components further include a displacement adjustment mechanism and an angle adjustment mechanism, configured to allow for displacement and angle adjustment of the endoscope and, after adjustment, to maintain the endoscope at the adjusted displacement and angle. Typically, the displacement adjustment mechanism includes a nut component fitted onto the guide sleeve and a clamping component built into the guide sleeve. Tightening the nut component applies force to the clamping component, causing the clamping component to radially clamp the endoscope to limit its displacement. Removing the force from the clamping component releases the endoscope, allowing for displacement adjustment.

[0004] Depending on the different ways the angle adjustment mechanism adjusts the angle of the endoscope, two types of guide and positioning components are provided in the prior art.

[0005] The first type of guide positioning component: In this guide positioning component, the angle adjustment mechanism is a flexible member formed along the axial direction of the guide sleeve. This flexible member can bend and essentially maintain its bent state after bending, so that the surgeon can use one hand to apply force to the guide sleeve to bend the flexible member to adjust the angle of the endoscope (Chinese patents with publication numbers CN117281592 A and CN117122267 A disclose guide positioning components with flexible members). However, using a flexible member to adjust the endoscope angle has the following drawbacks: 1. Due to the mechanical properties of the flexible member, the angle holding ability is poor. For example, if the guide sleeve or endoscope is impacted or the hand holding the endoscope shakes, the endoscope will deviate from the desired angle; 2. The flexible member will have a certain rebound after bending, making it difficult to accurately adjust the endoscope to the desired angle (especially when fine adjustments are required); 3. When adjusting the endoscope angle, the position of the rotation center is uncertain.

[0006] The second type of guide positioning component includes an angle adjustment mechanism comprising a ball head, a socket, and a set screw. The ball head is located at the lower end of the guide sleeve, and the socket is located in the boss in the middle of the retaining component. The ball head is embedded in the socket, allowing the guide sleeve to be adjusted in angle through the interaction of the ball head and socket. The set screw is arranged laterally, with its inner end (head) penetrating the inner wall of the socket, and its outer end (tail) exposed radially outward from the boss. Thus, the surgeon can rotate the ball head by turning the outer end of the set screw, allowing the head to move away from the ball head. This allows the endoscope angle to be adjusted by manipulating the guide sleeve. The surgeon can also rotate the set screw in the opposite direction, causing its head to press against the ball head to restrict its rotation and fix the ball head in place, thereby ensuring the endoscope is stably held at the adjusted angle. The significant advantages of the second type of guide positioning component over the first type are: strong endoscope angle holding capability, no rebound after angle adjustment, and the center of rotation always located at the center of the ball.

[0007] However, the second type of guide and positioning component still has the following drawbacks during use:

[0008] In neurosurgery, especially microsurgical neurosurgery or neuronavigation surgery, frequent and alternating fine adjustments to the angle and displacement of the endoscope are sometimes required. This necessitates frequent and alternating operations on the angle adjustment mechanism and the displacement adjustment mechanism. Since the surgeon must always hold the endoscope with one hand, frequent and alternating operations on the nut components and set studs of the two adjustment mechanisms can only be performed with one hand (the other). Because the set studs and guide sleeves are arranged in different directions, and the distance between the outer end of the set stud and the nut component is relatively large, the following operational inconveniences arise:

[0009] When adjusting the endoscope angle, the guide sleeve must first be held with one hand to adjust its angle. After adjusting the guide sleeve angle, when locking it, the guide sleeve needs to be released first before the set screw can be tightened because the set screw is arranged in a different direction than the guide sleeve. This not only requires the hand to frequently switch positions and postures when frequent fine-tuning of the angle is required, but it is also particularly disadvantageous in two ways: First, after the hand releases the guide sleeve, the angle of the guide sleeve can only be maintained indirectly by the hand holding the endoscope, which may cause an undesirable deviation in the angle of the guide sleeve. Second, when the hand releases the guide sleeve and turns to tighten the set screw, because the guide sleeve is not held by the hand at this time, the moment the head of the set screw presses against the ball joint, the ball joint may cause the guide sleeve to deviate in angle.

[0010] Furthermore, the requirement for alternating adjustments to the displacement and angle of the endoscope will further lead to more frequent hand movements and posture changes. Summary of the Invention

[0011] To address the aforementioned technical problems in the existing technology, the present invention provides a ventriculoscopy-guided positioning device.

[0012] To solve the above-mentioned technical problems, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is as follows:

[0013] A ventriculoscopic guidance and positioning device, comprising:

[0014] A retaining member for attachment to a bone window of the skull, the retaining member having a ball-and-socket socket opposite to the bone window;

[0015] A guiding component includes a guide sleeve and a ball head formed at the lower end of the guide sleeve. A guide hole in the guide sleeve passes through the ball head, and the ball head is embedded in a ball socket and can rotate within the ball socket. An endoscope passes through the guide hole and enters the ventricle through a bone window.

[0016] A nut assembly comprising a first nut component and a second nut component screwed onto a guide sleeve, the second nut component being located below the first nut component;

[0017] A clamping component is disposed in a guide hole, through which the endoscope passes. The clamping component is driven by the turning action of the first nut component to clamp and fix the endoscope or release the endoscope.

[0018] The locking mechanism is driven by the turning action of the second nut component to fix or release the ball head.

[0019] Preferably, an annular platform is provided at the junction of the ball head and the guide sleeve;

[0020] The locking mechanism includes:

[0021] An axial hole is formed in the ball head and extends along the axial direction of the guide sleeve. The upper end of the axial hole passes through the annular platform. The axial hole includes at least three holes, which are evenly distributed circumferentially.

[0022] A radial hole is formed in the ball head and its inner and outer ends penetrate the spherical surface of the ball head and the hole wall of the axial hole, respectively.

[0023] A transmission column is provided in an axial hole and can move along the axial hole, with the upper end of the transmission column protruding from the annular platform. All transmission columns are driven to move down synchronously by turning the second nut component.

[0024] A retaining post is disposed in a radial hole and is movable along the radial hole. A transmission structure is provided between the retaining post and the transmission post. The retaining post is driven by the downwardly moving transmission post to move radially outward by means of the transmission structure, so that the outer end of the retaining post presses against the inner wall of the ball socket.

[0025] Preferably, the transmission structure includes:

[0026] A ball bearing, which is disposed in a radial hole and between a retaining post and a transmission post, protrudes from the inner port of the radial hole;

[0027] The inclined structure includes at least a downward-sloping upper inclined surface formed on the outer peripheral surface of the transmission column; wherein:

[0028] When the drive column is driven to move downward, the upper inclined surface forces the ball ball to move toward the outer end of the radial hole by squeezing the ball ball, thereby driving the retaining column to move radially outward.

[0029] Preferably, the middle part of the retaining column is provided with an elastic section that can elastically expand and contract, the elastic section causing the two ends of the retaining column to apply an elastic preload to the inner wall of the ball socket and the upper inclined surface of the transmission column.

[0030] Preferably, a plurality of radially extending rod-shaped components are detachably mounted on the section of the guide sleeve between the first nut component and the second nut component, and the plurality of rod-shaped components are arranged circumferentially.

[0031] Preferably, each axial hole corresponds to two radial holes; the axes of the two radial holes corresponding to each axial hole pass through the center of the ball head, and the two radial holes are arranged symmetrically about the plane passing through the center of the ball head and perpendicular to the axis of the guide hole.

[0032] Preferably, a pressure sleeve is fitted onto the guide sleeve, the pressure sleeve being located between the second nut component and the annular platform of the ball head and movable along the guide sleeve; wherein:

[0033] The lower annular end face of the pressure sleeve is provided with rectangular grooves arranged circumferentially and corresponding one-to-one with the transmission column. The upper end of the transmission column extends into the rectangular groove. The pressure sleeve is driven by the turning action of the second nut component to press against the upper end face of the transmission column through the bottom of the rectangular groove to drive the transmission column to move downward.

[0034] The annular upper surface of the pressure sleeve is configured with a wave structure, and the second nut component contacts the crest of the wave structure.

[0035] Preferably, the inclined structure further includes an upward-sloping lower inclined surface; the pose relationship between the upper inclined surface and the lower inclined surface is configured as follows:

[0036] After the ball is forced to move upward by pushing against the upper inclined surface by the elastic preload applied by the locking post, the ball eventually comes into contact with both the upper and lower inclined surfaces simultaneously.

[0037] Preferably, the clamping component includes a corrugated tube with a corrugated wall, the corrugated tube being elastically expandable and contractable in the axial direction, and when the corrugated tube is compressed, the inner hole defined by the wall of the corrugated tube decreases, thereby compressing the corrugated tube by screwing on the first nut so that the multiple radially convex crest regions of the wall of the corrugated tube clamp the endoscope.

[0038] Preferably, the retaining component includes a plate body and a boss formed in the middle region of the plate body. A pressure cap is detachably fixed to the top of the boss. A lower ball cup is provided on the boss, and an upper ball cup is disposed in the pressure cap. The upper ball cup and the lower ball cup are connected to form the ball socket.

[0039] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the endoscopic guidance and positioning device disclosed in this invention are: the guidance and positioning device provided by this invention makes it simpler and more convenient for surgeons to adjust the displacement and angle of the endoscope.

[0040] The overview of various implementations or examples of the technology described in this invention is not a complete disclosure of the full scope or all features of the disclosed technology. Attached Figure Description

[0041] In drawings that are not necessarily drawn to scale, the same reference numerals may describe similar parts in different views. The same reference numerals with or without letter suffixes may indicate different instances of similar parts. The drawings generally illustrate various embodiments by way of example rather than limitation and, together with the description and claims, serve to explain embodiments of the invention. Where appropriate, the same reference numerals are used in all drawings to refer to the same or similar parts. Such embodiments are illustrative and not intended to be exhaustive or exclusive embodiments of the apparatus or method.

[0042] Figure 1 This is a three-dimensional structural diagram of the intraventricular endoscopy guidance and positioning device provided in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0043] Figure 2 An exploded view of a ventriculoscope-guided positioning device provided in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0044] Figure 3 This is a three-dimensional structural diagram of the transmission column.

[0045] Figure 4 This is an assembly view of the guide component and the locking mechanism.

[0046] Figure 5 A front sectional view of the endoscopic guidance and positioning device provided in an embodiment of the present invention in its use state (the device is in a state in which the endoscope can be angled).

[0047] Figure 6 for Figure 5 A magnified view of part A.

[0048] Figure 7 A front sectional view of the endoscopic guidance and positioning device provided in an embodiment of the present invention in its use state (the device is in the state of locking the angle of the endoscope).

[0049] Figure 8 for Figure 7 A magnified view of part B.

[0050] Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram illustrating a one-handed operation device.

[0051] Figure label:

[0052] 10-Retaining component; 11-Plate body; 111-Attaching lug; 112-Tapered screw; 12-Boss; 121-Lower ball cup; 122-Circular countersunk groove; 13-Granting cap; 131-Upper ball cup; 132-Circular pressure plate; 14-Ball socket; 141-Lower window; 142-Upper window; 20-Guide component; 21-Guide sleeve; 211-External thread; 212-External thread; 22-Ball head; 221-Axial hole; 222-Radial hole; 23-Guide hole; 24-Ring 31-First nut component; 311-Push sleeve; 32-Second nut component; 40-Clamping component; 51-Transmission column; 511-Sloping structure; 5111-Upper sloping surface; 5112-Lower sloping surface; 512-Slotted groove; 52-Fixing column; 521-Elastic section; 53-Ball; 54-Pressure sleeve; 541-Rectangular recess; 542-Wave structure; 60-Rod-shaped component; 61-Anti-slip structure; 100-Endoscope; 200-Skull; 201-Bone window. Detailed Implementation

[0053] Unless otherwise defined, the technical or scientific terms used in this invention shall have the ordinary meaning understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention pertains. The terms "first," "second," and similar terms used in this invention do not indicate any order, quantity, or importance, but are merely used to distinguish different components. Terms such as "comprising" or "including" mean that the element or object preceding the word encompasses the elements or objects listed following the word and their equivalents, without excluding other elements or objects. Terms such as "connected" or "linked" are not limited to physical or mechanical connections, but can include electrical connections, whether direct or indirect. Terms such as "upper," "lower," "left," and "right" are used only to indicate relative positional relationships; when the absolute position of the described object changes, the relative positional relationship may also change accordingly.

[0054] To keep the following description of the embodiments of the present invention clear and concise, detailed descriptions of known functions and known components are omitted.

[0055] like Figure 5 and combined Figure 1As shown, an embodiment of the present invention discloses a guiding and positioning device for attachment to a bone window 201 pre-drilled in the patient's skull 200. The guiding and positioning device guides an endoscope 100 (hereinafter referred to as endoscope 100) into the ventricle through the bone window 201. The guiding and positioning device allows the surgeon to adjust the displacement and angle of the endoscope 100, and after the adjustment is completed, it can keep the endoscope 100 at the adjusted displacement and angle. The significant advantage of this guiding and positioning device is that it simplifies the surgeon's adjustment operation of the endoscope 100, especially the micro-adjustment operation. Therefore, this guiding and positioning device is particularly suitable for use in neuromicrosurgery where there are many intraoperative micro-adjustments.

[0056] like Figure 5 and combined Figures 1 to 4 As shown, the guiding and positioning device includes: a retaining component 100, a guiding component 20, a first nut component 31, a second nut component 32, a clamping component 40, and a locking mechanism.

[0057] The retaining member 100 is used to directly attach to the bone window 201 of the skull 200. By attaching the retaining member 100 to the bone window 201, the entire guiding and positioning device is attached to the skull 200. The retaining member 100 includes a circular plate body 11 and a boss 12 formed on the upper plate surface of the plate body 11 and integrally machined with the plate body 11. The lower plate surface of the plate body 11 is machined into a spherical surface for matching and attaching to the surface of the skull 200. The circular edge of the plate body 11 is machined into a plurality of circumferentially arranged attachment ears 111. Each attachment ear 111 has a through hole. A tapered screw 112 is screwed into the skull 200 through each through hole to fix the retaining member 100 to the skull 200.

[0058] A ball socket 14 is disposed in the central region of the retaining member 100, and the ball socket 14 has a lower window 141 facing the bone window 201 and an upper window 142 facing the opposite direction (upward) to the lower window 141. The specific formation of the ball socket 14 is as follows: a ball bowl is machined on the boss 12 in the middle of the retaining member 100, which may be called the lower ball bowl 121. The lower ball bowl 121 is connected to the lower plate surface of the plate body 11 to form the lower window 141 mentioned above. A pressure cover 13 is fastened to the boss 12 by fasteners. A ball bowl is pre-machined on the pressure cover 13, which may be called the upper ball bowl 131. The upper ball bowl 131 is connected to the top surface of the pressure cover 13 to form the upper window 142 mentioned above. In this way, the upper ball bowl 131 of the pressure cover 13 and the lower ball bowl 121 of the boss 12 form a ball socket 14 with an upper window 142 and a lower window 141. Preferably, a circular groove 122 is machined on the end face of the boss 12, and an annular pressure plate is machined on the edge of the cover 13, so that the annular pressure plate is embedded in the circular groove 122, and the circular pressure plate 132 and the groove wall of the circular groove 122 form an installation fit. Fasteners pass through the annular pressure plate and are screwed into the boss 12 to fix the cover 13. The installation fit between the cover 13 and the boss 12 can strictly limit the misalignment of the upper ball cup 131 and the lower ball cup 121 when subjected to force.

[0059] The guide component 20 is rotatably attached to the retaining component 100 to allow adjustment of the angle of the endoscope 100. The guide component 20 includes a guide sleeve 21 with a guide hole 23 and a ball head 22 disposed at the lower end of the guide sleeve 21. The guide hole 23 passes through the ball head 22, which is located in a ball socket 14. Thus, the guide component 20 is allowed to rotate in three-dimensional space through the engagement of the ball head 22 and the ball socket 14, thereby allowing angle adjustment of the guide sleeve 21. Preferably, the ball head 22 and the ball socket 14 are clearance-fitted, i.e., the radial dimension of the ball head 22 is slightly smaller than the radial dimension of the ball socket 14, thereby reducing friction between the spherical surface of the ball head 22 and the inner wall of the ball socket 14. The ball head 22 can be detachably fixed to the lower end of the guide sleeve 21, or it can be integrally formed with the guide sleeve 21.

[0060] When using the guiding and positioning device, the distal end of the endoscope 100 passes through the guide hole 23 and the bone window 201 of the skull 200 sequentially from the upper end of the guide sleeve 21 of the guide component 20 to enter the ventricle. Therefore, the angle of the endoscope 100 can be adjusted by adjusting the angle of the guide sleeve 21. Understandably, the angle adjustment range of the guide sleeve 21 and the endoscope 100 is limited by the radial dimensions of the upper window 142 and lower window 141 of the bulb fossa 14. Therefore, the adjustable range of the endoscope 100's angle can be increased by maximizing the radial dimensions of the lower window 141 and upper window 142.

[0061] Two external threads are machined on the outer wall of the guide sleeve 21, spaced apart axially. The first nut component 31 and the second nut component 32 are both fitted onto the guide sleeve 21, with the first nut component 31 positioned above the second nut component 32. The first nut component 31 engages with the upper external thread 211, and the second nut component 32 engages with the lower external thread 212. This design ensures that the radial dimension of the upper external thread 211 is smaller than that of the lower external thread 212. Consequently, the diameter of the threaded hole in the second nut component 32 is larger than that in the first nut component 31. This allows the second nut component 32 to move downwards from the upper end of the guide sleeve 21, pass the upper external thread 211, and then screw into the lower external thread 212 without interfering with the upper external thread 211. Thus, by screwing the first nut component 31 and the second nut component 32, axial movement can be achieved. Preferably, the external thread 211 originates at the upper port of the guide sleeve 21. Preferably, the outer peripheral surfaces of the first nut component 31 and the second nut component 32 are both configured with wavy surfaces to facilitate the surgeon's tightening operation.

[0062] The clamping member 40 is positioned above the guide hole 23 of the guide sleeve 21, with its upper end facing the first nut member 31. The clamping member 40 has an inner hole through which the endoscope 100 passes. The clamping member 40 is configured as a cylindrical or tubular structure capable of elastic compression. When pressure is applied, the diameter of the inner hole of the clamping member 40 decreases, thereby clamping the endoscope 100. When the pressure on the clamping member 40 is released or reduced, the diameter of the inner hole increases, releasing the endoscope 100. Thus, by tightening the first nut member 31 to apply pressure to the upper end of the clamping member 40, the clamping member 40 clamps and secures the endoscope 100. Furthermore, by tightening the first nut member 31 in the opposite direction to release or reduce the pressure on the clamping member 40, the clamping member 40 releases the endoscope 100, allowing the endoscope 100 to move axially along the guide hole 23.

[0063] A conventional elastic rubber column with an inner hole can be used as the clamping component 40. The inner hole is reduced by axially compressing the elastic rubber column by the first nut component 31 to clamp the endoscope 100.

[0064] This invention provides a preferred clamping component 40, which is a corrugated tube with a corrugated wall. The corrugated tube can be made from a high-elasticity polymer through a thermoforming process. The tube wall has numerous corrugations convex radially inward and outward in an alternating axial arrangement. Thus, when the corrugated tube is axially pressurized, the diameter of the inner hole defined by the radially inward corrugations decreases to clamp the endoscope 100. When the pressure is released or reduced, the corrugated tube elastically returns to its original position, increasing the diameter of the inner hole defined by the corrugations and releasing the endoscope 100. To accommodate the installation of the corrugated tube, a stop step is machined on the upper part of the guide hole 23 of the guide sleeve 21, and the lower end of the corrugated tube abuts against the stop step. A push sleeve 311 is machined on the radially inward side of the second nut component 32 for extending into the guide hole 23. Pressure is applied to the corrugated tube by pushing the lower end face of the push sleeve 311 against the upper end face of the corrugated tube. The advantage of using a corrugated tube as a clamping component 40 is that the numerous axially arranged wave crests on the tube wall of the corrugated tube can more strictly limit the swing of the endoscope 100 relative to the guide sleeve 21. Furthermore, the radial dimension range of the endoscope 100 clamped by the corrugated tube is significantly larger than that of the endoscope 100 clamped by the rubber column.

[0065] As described above, by screwing the first nut component 31 fitted on the guide sleeve 21 to apply pressure to the clamping component 40, the clamping component 40 can clamp the endoscope 100 to restrict its movement. Conversely, by screwing the first nut component 31 in the opposite direction, the pressure on the clamping component 40 is removed or reduced, allowing the clamping component 40 to release the endoscope 100 and enabling displacement adjustment. Therefore, the first nut component 31 fitted on the guide sleeve 21 and the clamping component 40 built into the guide hole 23 constitute a displacement adjustment mechanism for adjusting the displacement of the endoscope 100.

[0066] The locking mechanism is configured to secure the ball head 22 in response to the turning action of the second nut component 32 to restrict the rotation of the guide sleeve 21 and the endoscope 100 in space, and to release the ball head 22 in response to the reverse turning action of the second nut component 32 to allow the endoscope 100 to be angled.

[0067] The locking mechanism includes: an axial hole 221, a radial hole 222, a transmission post 51, and a locking post 52. An annular platform 24 is machined in the junction area between the guide sleeve 21 and the ball head 22. The axial hole 221 is formed in the ball head 22 and extends axially along the guide sleeve 21, with its upper end penetrating the annular platform 24 but its lower end not penetrating the lower spherical surface of the ball head 22. Therefore, the axial hole 221 is a blind hole. At least three axial holes 221 are formed, and all axial holes 221 are evenly distributed circumferentially. For example, as shown in the diagram... Figure 4The six axial holes 221 shown are evenly distributed circumferentially. Radial holes 222 are formed in the ball head 22, with their axes passing through the center of the ball head 22. The two ends of the axial holes 221 respectively penetrate the spherical surface of the ball head 22 and the hole wall of the axial hole 221. Preferably, each axial hole 221 corresponds to two radial holes 222, meaning each axial hole 221 has two radial holes 222 communicating with it on its radially outer side. The two radial holes 222 corresponding to each axial hole 221 are about the center of the ball head 22 and are connected to the guide sleeve 21. The axes are arranged symmetrically in a plane perpendicular to the axis; each axial hole 221 is provided with a transmission post 51, which can be inserted into the axial hole 221 from the upper port, and the transmission post 51 is allowed to move up and down along the axial hole 221, and the upper end of each transmission post 51 always protrudes from the annular platform 24; each radial hole 222 is provided with a locking post 52, which can be inserted into the radial hole 222 from the outer end, and the locking post 52 is allowed to move outward and inward along the radial hole 222.

[0068] A transmission structure is configured between the inner end of the retaining column 52 and the outer peripheral surface of the transmission column 51, such as... Figure 6 and Figure 8 and combined Figure 5 and Figure 7 As shown, the transmission structure includes a ball bearing 53 disposed at the inner end of the radial hole 222 and a bevel structure 511 pre-machined on the outer circumferential surface of the transmission column 51. The bevel structure 511 includes at least a downward-sloping upper bevel 5111. A portion of the spherical surface of the ball bearing 53 protrudes from the inner port of the radial hole 222 and is used to contact the upper bevel 5111 of the transmission column 51. Thus, as... Figure 8 As shown, when the drive column 51 is compressed and moves downward (or tends to move downward), the upper inclined surface 5111 moves downward with the drive column 51 and pushes against the ball 53, causing the ball 53 to move outward along the radial hole 222 (or tends to move outward). This causes the ball 53 to push against the retaining column 52, causing the retaining column 52 to move outward (or tends to move outward). Consequently, the outer end of the retaining column 52 is tightly pressed against the inner wall of the ball socket 14, thereby increasing the damping of the ball head 22's rotation relative to the ball socket 14 and completely restricting the rotation of the ball head 22. Figure 6 As shown, when the pressure on the transmission column 51 decreases or is removed, the locking column 52 decreases or removes the pressure on the inner wall of the ball socket 14, thereby reducing the damping of the rotation of the ball head 22 relative to the ball socket 14 and allowing the ball head 22 to rotate essentially freely.

[0069] Because the second nut component 32 is arranged on the guide sleeve 21 and located above the ball head 22, the upper ends of all the transmission columns 51 protruding from the annular platform 24 face the lower surface of the second nut component 32. Thus, by rotating the second nut component 32 downwards, its lower surface can directly or indirectly press against the upper surfaces of all the transmission columns 51 simultaneously, thereby increasing the damping of the ball head 22's rotation until it is completely restricted. This further increases the damping when adjusting the angle of the guide sleeve 21 and the endoscope 100, until the guide sleeve 21 and the endoscope 100 are completely locked. The pressure on the transmission columns 51 can be reduced by rotating the second nut component 32 in the opposite direction, thereby reducing the damping when adjusting the guide sleeve 21 and the endoscope 100 until the guide sleeve 21 and the endoscope 100 can rotate substantially freely. Thus, the angle of the endoscope 100 can be adjusted by turning the second nut component 32 in both directions, and the endoscope 100 can be kept at the adjusted angle after the angle adjustment is completed. Furthermore, when adjusting the endoscope 100, the damping experienced by the endoscope 100 when rotating in three-dimensional space can be adjusted by turning the second nut component 32. This is because the second nut component 32 is disposed on the guide sleeve 21, so that the damping and angle can be adjusted by hand by holding the guide sleeve 21.

[0070] As described above, by rotating the second nut component 32 sleeved on the guide sleeve 21 in both directions to drive or release the locking component, the angle of the endoscope 100 can be adjusted and maintained at the adjusted angle. Therefore, the second nut component 32 sleeved on the guide sleeve 21 and the locking component arranged in the ball head 22 constitute an angle adjustment mechanism for adjusting the angle of the endoscope 100.

[0071] The locking mechanism described above has at least the following advantages: 1. The components of the locking mechanism are basically built into the ball head 22, thus not increasing the radial dimension of the entire device, making the entire guide and positioning device compact; 2. The circumferentially arranged drive columns 51 push against the two symmetrically arranged locking columns 52 corresponding to each drive column 51, so that the various areas of the spherical surface of the ball head 22 do not contact the inner wall of the ball socket 14 or only generate a small contact force, which helps to reduce wear, and the damping experienced by the ball head 22 is basically determined by the preload between the outer end of the locking column 52 and the inner wall of the ball socket 14; 3. The locking column 52 is driven by the ball ball 53 in cooperation with the inclined structure 511 of the drive column 51 instead of the inclined structure 511 in cooperation with the inclined structure 511. On the one hand, this can reduce the contact jamming that may be caused by the large contact area. On the other hand, it does not restrict the free rotation of the locking column 52 in the radial hole 222.

[0072] In some preferred structures, such as Figure 1 , Figure 2 and Figure 5As shown, a pressure sleeve 54 is fitted onto the lower part of the guide sleeve 21. This pressure sleeve 54 is located between the second nut component 32 and the annular platform 24. The pressure sleeve 54 slides with the guide sleeve 21, allowing the pressure sleeve 54 to move axially along the guide sleeve 21. The annular lower end face of the pressure sleeve 54 has circumferentially arranged rectangular grooves 541 corresponding to the drive columns 51. The upper ends of the drive columns 51 extend into their respective rectangular grooves 541. The bottom of the rectangular grooves 541 directly applies pressure to the drive columns 51. The distance between the two sidewalls of the rectangular grooves 541 is approximately equal to the diameter of the drive columns 51, thus restricting the rotation of the pressure sleeve 54 relative to the guide sleeve 21. The annular upper end face of the pressure sleeve 54 is machined with a wave structure 542, and the lower surface of the second nut component 32 directly contacts the crest of the wave structure 542. Thus, when the second nut component 32 is screwed down, it simultaneously applies pressure to each drive column 51 through the pressure sleeve 54. The advantages of adding a pressure sleeve 54 with a wave structure 542 and a rectangular groove 541 at both ends between the second nut component 32 and the annular platform 24 are as follows: the second nut component 32 can be arranged in an easily operable axial position by reasonably designing the axial dimension of the pressure sleeve 54; the rectangular groove 541 at the lower end of the pressure sleeve 54 restricts the rotation of the pressure sleeve 54 with the second nut component 32, thereby improving the stability of driving the transmission column 51; and the wave structure 542 at the upper end of the pressure sleeve 54 reduces the contact area between the pressure sleeve 54 and the second nut component 32, thereby reducing the rotational resistance between the two.

[0073] In some preferred configurations, an elastic section 521 is provided in the middle section of the retaining post 52. Specifically, the elastic section 521 can be obtained by machining a spiral groove in the middle section of the retaining post 52, so that the retaining post 52 can elastically expand and contract in the axial direction. Providing an elastic section 521 on the retaining post 52 has the following advantages: the second nut component 32 is allowed to switch between being fixed and being released with a larger rotation stroke. In this way, the damping experienced by the ball head 22 is more easily adjusted to a suitable size by the second nut component 32, which is beneficial for fine-tuning the angle of the endoscope 100; during the process of reducing the pressure on the transmission post 51 by turning the second nut component 32 upward, the retaining post 52 drives the ball ball 53 through elastic reset so that the transmission post 51 synchronously follows the second nut component 32 upward reset.

[0074] In some preferred structures, such as Figure 6 and Figure 8As shown, the inclined structure 511 also includes an upwardly inclined lower inclined surface 5112 located below the upper inclined surface 5111. The positional relationship and inclination angle between the lower inclined surface 5112 and the upper inclined surface 5111 are configured to achieve the following effect: if the second nut component 32 completely removes the pressure on the transmission column 51, the elastic reset of the locking column 52 causes the ball 53 to contact both inclined surfaces simultaneously. That is, after the transmission column 51 is completely reset, the ball 53 contacts both inclined surfaces simultaneously. The advantage of this configuration is that the cooperation of the two inclined surfaces can restrict the free axial movement of the transmission column 51, so that there is no play in the initial movement of the transmission column 51 when it is compressed. That is, when the transmission column 51 is compressed and moves downward, the corresponding force and movement are synchronously transmitted to the locking column 52.

[0075] In some preferred structures, such as Figure 1 , Figure 2 , Figure 5 and Figure 9 As shown, the present invention also provides a structure that facilitates the displacement and angle adjustment of the endoscope 100 in conjunction with the first nut component 31 and the second nut component 32. Specifically, two rod-shaped components 60 are circumferentially arranged on the guide sleeve 21 between the first nut component 31 and the second nut component 32, and both rod-shaped components 60 extend radially. Preferably, the rod-shaped components 60 are detachably mounted on the guide sleeve 21. For example, detachable mounting can be achieved by machining a stud at the inner end of the rod-shaped component 60, allowing the stud to be screwed radially into the guide sleeve 21. Preferably, an anti-slip structure 61 is machined on the outer end section of the rod-shaped component 60, for example, by machining numerous grooves on the outer end section of the rod-shaped component 60. The advantages of the rod-shaped components 60 will be demonstrated in the following description of the operation of the guiding and positioning device.

[0076] The assembly process of the guide and positioning device having all the above preferred structures is described below.

[0077] First, insert each drive pin 51 into the axial hole 221 from the upper end of the axial hole 221. Then, insert each ball 53 and locking pin 52 into the radial hole 222 from the outer end of the radial hole 222 in sequence. Then, hold the ball head 22 with one hand to prevent the locking pin 52 from coming out of the radial hole 222. Then, use the other hand to put the pressure cap 13 onto the guide sleeve 21 from the upper end of the guide sleeve 21. Then, while releasing the lower part of the ball head 22, insert the lower part of the ball head 22 into the lower ball cup 121 of the retaining member 100. Then, release the upper part of the ball head 22 and let the pressure cap 13 move down and open on the boss 12 of the retaining member 100, so that the upper part of the ball head 22 enters the upper ball cup 131. Then, use fasteners to fix the pressure cap 13 on the boss 12 of the retaining member 100.

[0078] Then, insert the head of a screwdriver into the slot 512 at the top of the transmission post 51 and screw the transmission post 51 so that the inclined structure 511 on each transmission post 51 faces the ball 53 and engages with the ball 53.

[0079] Then, the pressure sleeve 54 is fitted onto the guide sleeve 21 from the upper end and moved to the lower part of the guide sleeve 21.

[0080] Then, the second nut component 32 is fitted onto the guide sleeve 21 from the upper end of the guide sleeve 21 and screwed into the external thread 212 below, and the second nut component 32 is slightly pressed against the upper end of the pressure sleeve 54 by screwing it.

[0081] Then, screw the inner ends of the two rod-shaped parts 60 into the wall hole of the guide sleeve 21.

[0082] Then, the clamping component 40 is inserted from the upper end of the guide sleeve 21 into the guide hole 23. Then, the first nut component 31 is sleeved on the upper end of the guide sleeve 21 and screwed into the external thread 211 located above. The push sleeve 311 is slightly pressed against the upper end face of the clamping part by screwing the first nut component 31.

[0083] The advantages of the guiding and positioning device provided by this invention in adjusting the displacement and angle of the endoscope 100 are described below:

[0084] The surgeon uses one hand (preferably the left) to hold the section of endoscope 100 located above the device, such as... Figure 9 As shown, the surgeon uses his other hand (perhaps the right hand) to directly hold the guide sleeve 21 or its components. The specific posture is as follows: the index, middle, ring, and little fingers of the right hand are located on one side of the guide sleeve 21 (perhaps called the rear side), and the thumb is located on the other side of the guide sleeve 21 (perhaps called the front side). The index finger always holds the rear side of the first nut component 31 (i.e., always keeps in contact with the rear side of the first nut component 31), the middle finger always holds the rear side of the second nut component 32 (i.e., always keeps in contact with the rear side of the second nut component 32), and the thumb holds the front side of the first nut component 31, the front side of the second nut component 32, or the outer surface of the guide sleeve 21 between the two nut components, depending on whether the two nut components need to be tightened. At this time, one of the rod-shaped components 60 is located at the base of the index finger and the thumb and is stopped by the base to restrict the rotation of the guide sleeve 21 around its axis. Optionally, the lower edge of the right palm can abut against the upper plate surface of the retaining component 100 for support.

[0085] When operating the endoscope 100, if it is only necessary to push the endoscope 100 into the ventricle (which can also be called a large displacement adjustment of the endoscope 100) without turning the first nut component 31 and the second nut component 32, the thumb can hold any one of the three positions: the first nut component 31, the guide sleeve 21 in the middle, and the second nut component 32. If it is necessary to adjust the angle of the endoscope 100, the thumb is moved to the front of the second nut component 32 to cooperate with the middle finger which is moved to the rear of the second nut component 32. At this time, the thumb and middle finger can not only rotate the guide sleeve 21 in three-dimensional space to adjust the angle of the endoscope 100, but also simultaneously turn the second nut component 32 to obtain appropriate damping or lock the adjusted angle, thus making the angle adjustment operation fast, simple and accurate, which is beneficial for fine adjustment of the angle of the endoscope 100. If it is necessary to adjust the displacement of the endoscope 100, the thumb is moved to the front of the first nut component 31 to cooperate with the index finger located behind the first nut component 31. At this time, the thumb and index finger can rotate the second nut component 32 to allow the endoscope 100 to be pushed (i.e., allow displacement adjustment) and to lock the endoscope 100, thereby realizing the adjustment of the displacement of the endoscope 100. If frequent alternating displacement and angle adjustments are required, the angle and displacement can be frequently and alternately adjusted by frequently and alternately switching the thumb to the front of the two nut components and correspondingly rotating the two nut components. In addition, when rotating any nut component or operating the guide sleeve 21, the lower edge of the right hand is always supported on the upper plate surface of the holding component 100, which is conducive to stable operation of the object being operated on. For example, when rotating the guide sleeve 21 in three-dimensional space, the support of the holding component 100 to the palm prevents the right hand from shaking. In addition, when the two nut components are tightened, the rod-shaped component 60 is stopped between the two fingers, thereby preventing the guide sleeve 21 from rotating with the nut components. The rod-shaped component 60 also has the function of stabilizing the right hand.

[0086] As can be seen from the above, the reason why the surgeon's adjustment operation of the endoscope 100 is simplified by the guiding and positioning device provided by the present invention is at least due to the fact that both of the operated objects are configured as screw-in nut components and both are arranged on the guide sleeve 21.

[0087] Furthermore, although exemplary embodiments have been described in this invention, their scope includes any and all embodiments based on the invention that have equivalent elements, modifications, omissions, combinations (e.g., schemes involving intersections of various embodiments), adaptations, or alterations. Elements in the claims will be interpreted broadly based on the language used in the claims and are not limited to the examples described in this specification or during the implementation of this application, and such examples will be interpreted as non-exclusive. Therefore, this specification and examples are intended to be considered illustrative only, and the true scope and spirit are indicated by the full scope of the following claims and their equivalents.

[0088] The above description is intended to be illustrative and not restrictive. For example, the above examples (or one or more of them) can be used in combination with each other. Other embodiments can be used by those skilled in the art when reading the above description. Furthermore, in the above detailed description, various features may be grouped together to simplify the invention. This should not be construed as an intention that a disclosed feature, which is not claimed, is necessary for any claim. Rather, the subject matter of the invention may be less than all the features of the particular disclosed embodiments. Thus, the following claims are incorporated herein by reference as examples or embodiments, wherein each claim is independently considered as a separate embodiment, and these embodiments are contemplated as being able to be combined with each other in various combinations or arrangements. The scope of the invention should be determined by reference to the appended claims and the full scope of their equivalents.

[0089] The above embodiments are merely exemplary embodiments of the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention. The scope of protection of the present invention is defined by the claims. Those skilled in the art can make various modifications or equivalent substitutions to the present invention within its spirit and scope of protection, and such modifications or equivalent substitutions should also be considered to fall within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. An endoscope-guided positioning device for ventricles of the brain, characterized in that The application relates to a skull window drill guide device, which comprises the following components: a holding component for attaching to a skull window, a guide component, a nut assembly, a clamping component, and a locking mechanism. The holding component is provided with a ball socket at the skull window. The guide component comprises a guide sleeve and a ball head formed at the lower end of the guide sleeve. The guide hole of the guide sleeve penetrates the ball head. The ball head is embedded in the ball socket and can rotate in the ball socket. An endoscope is arranged in the guide hole and penetrates the skull window to enter the brain ventricle. The nut assembly comprises a first nut component and a second nut component. The second nut component is arranged below the first nut component. The clamping component is arranged in the guide hole. The endoscope is arranged in the clamping component. The clamping component is driven by the screwing action of the first nut component to clamp or release the endoscope. The locking mechanism is driven by the screwing action of the second nut component to fix or release the ball head.

2. The intraventricular mirror-guided positioning device according to claim 1, characterized in that An annular platform is arranged at the joint of the ball head and the guide sleeve. The locking mechanism comprises an axial hole, a radial hole, a transmission column, and a fastening column. The axial hole is arranged in the ball head and extends along the axial direction of the guide sleeve. The upper end of the axial hole penetrates the annular platform.

3. The intraventricular mirror-guided positioning device according to claim 2, characterized in that The axial hole comprises at least three axial holes which are uniformly distributed in the circumferential direction.

4. The intraventricular mirror-guided positioning device according to claim 1, characterized in that The radial hole is arranged in the ball head and penetrates the spherical surface of the ball head and the hole wall of the axial hole.

5. The intraventricular mirror-guided positioning device according to claim 1, characterized in that The transmission column is arranged in the axial hole and can move along the axial hole.

6. The intraventricular mirror-guided positioning device according to claim 1, characterized in that The upper end of the transmission column protrudes from the annular platform. The transmission column is driven by the second nut component to move downward synchronously. The fastening column is arranged in the radial hole and can move along the radial hole. The transmission structure is arranged between the fastening column and the transmission column. The fastening column is driven by the transmission structure to move radially outward when the transmission column moves downward. The fastening column is arranged with an elastic section which can be elastically stretched. The elastic section applies elastic pre-tightening force to the inner wall of the ball socket and the upper inclined surface of the transmission column. The first nut component and the second nut component are detachably mounted with a plurality of radially extending rod-shaped components on the section of the guide sleeve. Each axial hole corresponds to two radial holes. The axes of the two radial holes corresponding to each axial hole pass through the center of the ball head. The two radial holes are symmetrically arranged about a plane passing through the center of the ball head and perpendicular to the axis of the guide hole. The guide sleeve is sleeved with a pressing sleeve which is arranged between the second nut component and the annular platform of the ball head and can move along the guide sleeve. The annular lower end surface of the pressing sleeve is provided with rectangular recesses arranged in a circumferential direction and corresponding to the transmission columns one by one, the upper end of the transmission column extends into the rectangular recess, the pressing sleeve is driven by the screwing action of the second nut part to press against the upper end surface of the transmission column through the bottom of the rectangular recess to drive the transmission column to move downward; The annular upper end surface of the pressing sleeve is configured as a wave structure, the second nut part is in contact with the wave crest of the wave structure.

7. The device of claim 2, wherein the device is a ventricular endoscopic guidance and positioning device. The inclined surface structure further comprises a lower inclined surface inclined upwardly; the positional relationship between the upper inclined surface and the lower inclined surface is configured as: After the ball is forced to move upward by pushing against the upper inclined surface by means of the elastic pre-tightening force applied by the tightening column, the ball finally simultaneously contacts the upper inclined surface and the lower inclined surface.

8. The intraventricular mirror-guided positioning device according to claim 1, characterized in that The clamping component comprises a wave tube having a wave tube wall, the wave tube is capable of elastic expansion and contraction in the axial direction, and when the wave tube is compressed, the inner hole defined by the tube wall of the wave tube is reduced, so that the wave tube is compressed by screwing the first nut to make the radially inwardly convex wave crest area of the tube wall of the wave tube clamp the endoscope.

9. The intraventricular mirror-guided positioning device according to claim 1, characterized in that The retaining component comprises a plate body and a boss formed in the middle region of the plate body, the top of the boss is detachably fixed with a gland, a lower ball socket is opened on the boss, and an upper ball socket is configured in the gland, the upper ball socket is in butt joint with the lower ball socket to enclose the ball socket.

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