Mining environment-friendly spraying material and construction method thereof

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of coatings, and discloses a mining environment-friendly spraying material and a construction method thereof.The spraying material is prepared from, by mass, 35% of 42.5-grade white cement, 25% of silicone acrylic emulsion, 20% of nano SiO2, 0.5% of ammonium polyphosphate, 5% of sodium methylsilanolate, 0.3% of accelerator, 7% of polyvinyl formal adhesive, 0.6% of water-absorbent resin, 0.6% of antistatic agent and 6% of inorganic pigment; the spraying material provided by the invention has both high strength and high toughness, effectively resists the problems of coating pulverization and peeling caused by an underground humid and hot environment, and improves the adhesive power and weather resistance of the material.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of spraying materials, more particularly to a mine environmental protection spraying material and a construction method thereof. BACKGROUND

[0002] The surface protection of coal mine underground roadway and supporting structure has extremely strict requirements on material performance, and mechanical strength, flame retardance, antistatic property and construction efficiency need to be considered.

[0003] At present, the traditional spraying materials generally have problems of insufficient material performance, low construction efficiency and insufficient environmental protection, although some researches have tried to improve the performance by adding polymer emulsion or inorganic fillers, but there are still problems of high cost, substandard flame retardance and antistatic property and poor construction adaptability. Therefore, it is urgent to develop a mine environmental protection spraying material with high mechanical performance, flame retardance and antistatic function to cope with the challenge of complex underground working conditions. SUMMARY

[0004] In order to solve the above technical problems, the present application provides a mine environmental protection spraying material and a construction method thereof.

[0005] The present application provides a mine environmental protection spraying material, which comprises the following raw materials in mass percentage: 42.5 grade white cement: 30-40%, silicone-acrylate emulsion: 20-30%, nano-SiO2: 20-30%, ammonium polyphosphate: 0.5-1%, sodium methylsilanol: 4-6%, quick-setting agent: 0.1-0.5%, polyvinyl formal adhesive: 5-10%, water-absorbing resin: 0.5-1%, antistatic agent: 0.5-1%, and inorganic pigment: 4-10%.

[0006] The present application provides a mine environmental protection spraying material, which comprises the following raw materials in mass percentage: 42.5 grade white cement: 30-40%, silicone-acrylate emulsion: 20-30%, nano-SiO2: 20-30%, ammonium polyphosphate: 0.5-1%, sodium methylsilanol: 4-6%, quick-setting agent: 0.1-0.5%, polyvinyl formal adhesive: 5-10%, water-absorbing resin: 0.5-1%, antistatic agent: 0.5-1%, and inorganic pigment: 4-10%.

[0007] The present application provides a mine environmental protection spraying material, which comprises the following raw materials in mass percentage: Step 1: base surface treatment; Loose coal and rock bodies, oil stains and dust on the surface to be sprayed are removed to ensure that the base surface is flat and free of impurities; Step 2: material mixing; the components are mixed uniformly according to the formula proportion, and water is added to stir to form a uniform slurry without lumps; Step 3: spraying treatment; The base surface is sprayed and treated; Step 4: Curing; after spraying is completed, curing for 24-48 hours until the coating is completely cured.

[0008] Preferred: In step 2, the water-to-material ratio is 1:3, the stirring time is controlled for 3-5 minutes, and the rotation speed is 200-300 rpm, forming a uniform slurry without clumping.

[0009] Preferred: In step 4, the environmental humidity is maintained at ≥80%, the temperature is 10-35°C, and the curing time is 24-48 hours until the coating is completely cured.

[0010] Preferred: In step 3, a pneumatic spray machine is used for vertical spraying, the spray gun distance from the base surface is 0.8-1.2m, the spraying speed is 0.5-0.8m² / min; when layering is sprayed, the single-layer thickness is ≤5mm, the total thickness is 2-15mm, and the interval between layers is ≤20 minutes.

[0011] Preferred: In step 3, the spraying process includes the following steps: Step 31: Prepare a spraying system that can achieve alternating positive and negative pressure; Step 32: Determine the process parameters for alternating positive and negative pressure spraying, including a positive pressure range of 0.3-0.5MPa, a negative pressure range of -0.1 to -0.2MPa, an alternating frequency of 0.5-2Hz, and a positive to negative pressure duration ratio of 2:1; Step 33: Set up a heat exchange unit in the spraying material delivery channel, so that the spraying material undergoes a temperature cycle change of 20-35°C during spraying, and the temperature cycle frequency is synchronized with the alternating positive and negative pressure frequency; Step 34: Integrate a sound wave generating device to generate sound waves in the frequency range of 500-800Hz, with the sound wave intensity reaching a peak value during the negative pressure phase; Step 35: Integrate an ion polarization field generating device, which is activated during the negative pressure phase and weakened or turned off during the positive pressure phase; Step 36: Establish a dry air flow protection area to form a relatively stable dry transition layer, isolating the phase change cold and hot cycle area from the external high humidity environment; Step 37: Adjust the polarization field parameters according to changes in environmental humidity; Step 38: Perform the spraying operation, with the spraying pressure changing periodically according to the "positive pressure-negative pressure-positive pressure" cycle.

[0012] Preferred: The heat exchange unit is composed of two inner and outer pipes, the inner pipe is used for spraying material delivery, and the outer pipe circulates temperature control liquid, which realizes periodic temperature changes through electronic control heating / cooling devices.

[0013] Preferred: the temperature change mode of phase transition is that the temperature gradually rises to 35℃ in the positive pressure stage, and gradually decreases to 20℃ in the negative pressure stage, and the temperature change rate is controlled at 5-8℃ / s.

[0014] Preferred: the sound wave oscillation is controlled synchronously with the alternation of positive and negative pressure: the sound wave intensity reaches the peak value in the negative pressure stage, and decreases in the positive pressure stage.

[0015] Preferred: the drying gas flow is distributed in a ring shape, and the drying gas flow is in a positive proportional relationship with the environmental humidity: the higher the environmental humidity, the greater the drying gas flow.

[0016] Preferred: the step of adjusting the polarization field parameters according to the change of environmental humidity comprises: When the relative humidity is 60-70%, the polarization field intensity is the reference value E0(2-3kV / m); When the relative humidity is 70-80%, the polarization field intensity is 1.2E0; When the relative humidity is 80-90%, the polarization field intensity is 1.5E0; When the relative humidity is above 90%, the polarization field intensity is 2E0.

[0017] Preferred: the action time of the polarization field is adjusted according to the change of humidity: the higher the humidity, the longer the polarization field duration; under standard humidity conditions(60-70%RH), the polarization field duration is the same as the negative pressure stage time; for every 10% increase in humidity, the polarization field duration is extended by 15%, and the longest duration is not more than 1.5 times the negative pressure stage time.

[0018] Preferred: in areas with large humidity changes, a pulsed polarization field is used, the pulse frequency is set to 50-100Hz, and the duty cycle increases with the increase of humidity: when the humidity is 60-70%, the duty cycle is 50%, and when the humidity is above 90%, the duty cycle is 80%.

[0019] Preferred: the step of performing the spraying operation comprises: 1) maintaining the spraying gun at a working distance of 30-40cm from the working surface; 2) using a spiral or S-shaped spraying path to ensure uniform coverage of the working surface; 3) adjusting the spraying angle to be perpendicular ±15° according to the complexity of the working surface. Preferred: it further comprises a synchronization step of phase transition cold and hot cycle and pressure alternation: 1) synchronizing the phase transition cold and hot cycle with the alternation of positive and negative pressure in time, and the synchronization accuracy is controlled within ±50ms; 2) establishing a corresponding relationship between the phase transition temperature change and the pressure change: when the positive pressure reaches the maximum value(0.5MPa), the temperature synchronously reaches the highest value(35℃); when the negative pressure reaches the maximum value(-0.2MPa), the temperature synchronously reaches the lowest value(20℃); 3) the ratio of the temperature change rate to the pressure change rate is maintained at 15-20℃ / MPa.

[0020] The beneficial effects of the present application are that the spraying material proposed by the present application has high strength and high toughness, effectively resists the problems of coating pulverization and peeling caused by the wet and hot environment in the well, and improves the adhesion and weather resistance of the material; the material of the present application is designed by multi-dimensional function integration, realizing the integrated design of flame retardation, antistatic, weather resistance and environmental protection.

[0021] The present application adopts the process technology of ultra-low rebound rate and fast layering spraying technology, greatly improves the construction efficiency and material utilization rate; the addition of environmental protection pigment in the present application can realize the color customization of the material, supporting the demand of brightening engineering; the addition of water absorption resin can realize the self-healing of the material crack after spraying, preventing the material from cracking. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0022] Figure 1 is the penetration depth and adhesion strength test result of the present application; Figure 2 is the humidity environment adaptability test result of the present application; Figure 3 is the multi-field synergistic effect test result of the present application. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0023] The subject matter described herein will now be discussed with reference to example implementations. It should be understood that the discussion of these implementations is merely meant to provide a better understanding of the subject matter described herein and can be changed in function and arrangement without departing from the scope of the content of the present specification. Various processes or components can be omitted, replaced, or added according to needs of various examples. In addition, the features described in some examples can also be combined in other examples.

[0024] Example 1 In the present embodiment, an environmental protection spraying material for mining is proposed, which comprises the following raw materials in mass percentage: 42.5 grade white cement: 35%, silicone-acrylate emulsion: 25%, nano-SiO2: 20%, ammonium polyphosphate: 0.5%, sodium methylsilanol: 5%, quick-setting agent: 0.3%, polyvinyl formal adhesive: 7%, water absorption resin: 0.6%, antistatic agent: 0.6%, inorganic pigment: 6%.

[0025] Performance test steps of the material: Compressive strength and flexural strength: refer to the standard of GB / T 17671 "Cement mortar strength test method", use the compressive and flexural integrated machine to test the compressive and flexural strength of the material, and the detection steps are as follows.

[0026] a. Detection steps for compressive strength: Sample preparation: Prepare cement mortar specimens with dimensions 40mm x 40mm x 160mm as per standard requirements, and cure for 28 days.

[0027] Loading preparation: Place the specimen on the compression machine platen, ensuring the specimen surface is flat and the specimen axis is perpendicular to the platen.

[0028] Loading method: Apply load uniformly at the specified loading rate until the specimen fails.

[0029] Record the maximum load value at failure.

[0030] Calculate the compressive strength using the formula: Where f c is the compressive strength (MPa), P is the maximum load at specimen failure (N), and A is the compressive area of the specimen (mm²).

[0031] b. Detection steps for flexural strength: Sample preparation: Prepare specimens with dimensions 40mm x 40mm x 160mm as per standard requirements, and cure for 28 days.

[0032] Loading preparation: Place the specimen on the three-point bending machine support table, ensuring the specimen is symmetric and the support distance meets the requirements.

[0033] Loading method: Apply load uniformly and record the maximum load at specimen failure.

[0034] Record the maximum load value at failure.

[0035] Calculate the flexural strength using the formula: Where f b is the flexural strength (MPa), P is the maximum load at specimen failure (N), L is the support span (mm), and b and d are the width and height of the specimen (mm), respectively.

[0036] The compressive strength and flexural strength data of the cement mortar are 26 MPa for 28d compressive strength and 5.2 MPa for 28d flexural strength.

[0037] Bond strength: Refer to JGJ / T 70 "Test Methods for Basic Properties of Building Mortar" to test the bond strength between the coating and the base surface using a bond strength tester. The test steps are as follows.

[0038] Preparation of test sample: evenly apply the mortar on the surface of a clean substrate, with a thickness of about 5mm, ensuring uniform application.

[0039] Maintenance of test sample: maintain for 28 days under standard temperature and humidity conditions.

[0040] Test: use a pull tester to adhere the steel plate to the surface of the mortar, apply a vertical pulling force until the mortar layer is damaged.

[0041] Calculate the strength: record the maximum pulling force at the time of damage, and calculate the bonding strength (MPa) using the formula. Calculate the bonding strength using the following formula: Where σ is the bonding strength (MPa), F is the maximum pulling force at the time of damage (N), and A is the area of contact between the steel plate and the mortar (mm²). The measured bonding strength data is 2MPa.

[0042] Elongation at break: cut a dumbbell-shaped test piece that meets the requirements of GB / T 528, and draw parallel lines with a spacing of 25mm. Measure the thickness of three points in the middle and at both ends of the test piece, and take the arithmetic mean as the thickness of the test piece. Input the measured thickness into the system of the pull tester computer, adjust the distance between the clamps of the tensile testing machine to about 70mm, clamp the test piece on the testing machine, and clamp the deformation extensometer with a spacing of 25mm. Keep the center line of the test piece lengthwise in line with the center of the testing machine clamps, and stretch at a speed of 200mm / min until breakage. Then record the tensile strength and elongation at break on the pull tester computer. Through test detection, the elongation at break of the material is 35%.

[0043] Flame retardant, antistatic performance test, flame retardant test (alcohol torch test procedure): First, draw a mark line on the wide surface of the test piece 280mm away from the ignition end. Then insert the test piece into the clamps, with the test piece hanging vertically, and the lower end 50mm away from the center of the alcohol torch flame. The alcohol torch is inclined at 45°. The test is carried out in a weak light combustion chamber, the alcohol torch is ignited, and the flame height is adjusted to 150-180mm, with a fuel consumption of 2.55±0.15mL / min. The shortest time is not less than 5s and the longest time is not more than 60s. After the test piece is ignited, remove the alcohol torch that has not been extinguished, and measure the time of flaming combustion and non-flaming combustion of the test piece and drippings, as well as the length of the flame spread.

[0044] Through test detection, the alcohol torch flame retardant test results of the mine environmental protection spraying material are: the average value of the time of flaming combustion is 1.33s, the maximum value of the time of flaming combustion is 1.45s, the average value of the time of non-flaming combustion is 0.34s, the maximum value of the time of non-flaming combustion is 0.41s, and the length of the flame spread is 133mm.

[0045] Flame resistance test: alcohol lamp test procedure: First, draw a mark line on the wide surface of the test piece 280 mm away from the ignition end. Then insert the test piece into the holder. When the test piece produces droplets that affect the test results, the alcohol lamp should be tilted 20°, and the vertical distance from the low end of the test piece to the center of the alcohol lamp head should be 19 mm. The test is conducted in a combustion chamber under weak light. Light the alcohol lamp and adjust its flame height to 32 mm. The test piece is located in the center of the flame, and its leading edge is consistent with the outer edge of the flame, perpendicular to the door of the combustion chamber, so that both sides of the test piece can be observed.

[0046] Light the test piece in the flame. The ignition time of the test piece is related to the thickness and softness of the test piece, and the ignition time is 5-90 seconds (based on the burning test piece). Remove the unextinguished alcohol lamp, and measure the flaming combustion time and non-flaming combustion time of the test piece and droplets, as well as the flame spread length, from that time on.

[0047] Through sample testing, the alcohol lamp flame resistance test results of the mine environment-friendly spraying material are as follows: the average value of flaming combustion time is 1.26 seconds, the maximum value of flaming combustion time is 1.32 seconds, the average value of non-flaming combustion time is 0.31 seconds, the maximum value of non-flaming combustion time is 0.38 seconds, and the flame spread length is 117 mm.

[0048] Antistatic performance test - surface resistance test procedure: Place the prepared test piece on an insulating flat plate slightly larger than the test piece, with the conductive glue (liquid) side facing up. Clean the electrode base surface and place it on the glued surface of the test piece. Connect the outer electrode to the ground or low voltage end of the tester, and the inner electrode to the high voltage end. After charging for 1 minute, measure the surface resistance, and then repeat the test on the other side of the test piece. Record the measured data.

[0049] Through sample testing, the upper surface resistance of the mine environment-friendly spraying material is 2.8*105Ω, and the lower surface resistance is 2.6*105Ω. The flame resistance and antistatic performance of the material meet the technical standard of coal mine underground polymer MT113-1995.

[0050] Surface drying time: Record the time from spraying to surface drying of the mine environment-friendly spraying material coating. The measured data is in the range of 30-240 minutes.

[0051] Rebound rate: Test the rebound rate of the coating by rebound tester. The measured rebound rate data is 4%.

[0052] The above-mentioned best mixing ratio material meets the following performance parameters.

[0053] The formula realizes mechanical property balance through inorganic-organic composite gel system (white cement + nano SiO2 + emulsion), meets the safety requirements of underground by flame-retardant-antistatic double functional modification (ammonium polyphosphate + antistatic agent), adapts to the humid environment by hydrophobic-hydrophilic dynamic adjustment (sodium methylsilicon alcohol + water-absorbing resin), and guarantees the construction operability by synergistic control of the accelerator, forming a mine protective material system with environmental friendly characteristics.

[0054] Example 2 In this embodiment, a mine environmental protection spraying material is proposed, which comprises the following raw materials in mass percentage: 42.5 grade white cement: 30%, silicone-acrylate emulsion: 20%, nano SiO2: 30%, ammonium polyphosphate: 0.5%, sodium methylsilicon alcohol: 4%, accelerator: 0.1%, polyvinyl formal adhesive: 5%, water-absorbing resin: 0.5%, antistatic agent: 0.9%, inorganic pigment: 9%.

[0055] Example 3 In this embodiment, a mine environmental protection spraying material is proposed, which comprises the following raw materials in mass percentage: 42.5 grade white cement: 34%, silicone-acrylate emulsion: 30%, nano SiO2: 20%, ammonium polyphosphate: 1%, sodium methylsilicon alcohol: 4%, accelerator: 0.5%, polyvinyl formal adhesive: 5%, water-absorbing resin: 1%, antistatic agent: 0.5%, inorganic pigment: 4%.

[0056] Example 4 In this embodiment, a mine environmental protection spraying material is proposed, which comprises the following raw materials in mass percentage: 42.5 grade white cement: 40%, silicone-acrylate emulsion: 20%, nano SiO2: 20%, ammonium polyphosphate: 0.5%, sodium methylsilicon alcohol: 4%, accelerator: 0.5%, polyvinyl formal adhesive: 9%, water-absorbing resin: 1%, antistatic agent: 1%, inorganic pigment: 4%.

[0057] Example 5 In this embodiment, a mine environmental protection spraying material is proposed, which comprises the following raw materials in mass percentage: 42.5 grade white cement: 31%, silicone-acrylate emulsion: 20%, nano SiO2: 20%, ammonium polyphosphate: 0.6%, sodium methylsilicon alcohol: 6%, accelerator: 0.4%, polyvinyl formal adhesive: 10%, water-absorbing resin: 1%, antistatic agent: 1%, inorganic pigment: 10%.

[0058] Example 6 In this embodiment, a construction method of a mine environmental protection spraying material is proposed, which comprises the following steps: Step 1: Base surface treatment; remove loose coal rock bodies, oil stains and dust from the surface to be sprayed to ensure the base surface is flat and free of impurities; Step 2: Material mixing; mix the components according to the formula proportion, add water and stir (water to material ratio is 1:3), control the stirring time for 4 minutes and the stirring speed for 250 rpm, and form a uniform slurry without clumps; Step 3: Spray treatment; use a pneumatic spray machine for vertical spraying, the spray gun distance from the base surface is 1.0 m, the spraying speed is 0.6 m² / min; the single layer thickness is ≤5 mm when spraying in layers, the total thickness is 8 mm, and the interval between layers is ≤20 minutes (the setting accelerator shortens the curing time); Step 4: Curing; after spraying is completed, maintain the environmental humidity ≥80% and the temperature at 20℃, and cure for 36 hours until the coating is completely cured.

[0059] Example 7 The difference between this example and Example 6 is: Step 2: Material mixing; control the stirring time for 3 minutes and the stirring speed for 200 rpm; Step 3: Spray treatment; the spray gun distance from the base surface is 0.8 m, the spraying speed is 0.5 m² / min, and the total thickness is 2 mm; Step 4: Curing; after spraying is completed, maintain the temperature at 10℃, and cure for 24 hours until the coating is completely cured.

[0060] Example 8 The difference between this example and Example 6 is: Step 2: Material mixing; control the stirring time for 5 minutes and the stirring speed for 300 rpm; Step 3: Spray treatment; the spray gun distance from the base surface is 1.2 m, the spraying speed is 0.8 m² / min, and the total thickness is 15 mm; Step 4: Curing; after spraying is completed, maintain the temperature at 35℃, and cure for 48 hours until the coating is completely cured.

[0061] Example 9 In this example, a method for spray treatment is proposed, which includes the following steps: Step 31: Prepare a spray system capable of realizing alternating changes of positive and negative pressures; Step 32: Determine the process parameters for alternating positive and negative pressure spraying, including the positive pressure state pressure range of 0.3-0.5 MPa, the negative pressure state pressure range of -0.1 to -0.2 MPa, the alternating frequency of positive and negative pressures of 0.5-2 Hz, and the positive to negative pressure duration ratio of 2:1; Step 33: Set a heat exchange unit in the spray material conveying channel, so that the spray material undergoes a temperature cycle change of 20℃↔35℃ during spraying, and the temperature cycle frequency is synchronized with the alternating frequency of positive and negative pressures; Step 34: Integrate the sound wave generating device to generate sound waves in the frequency range of 500-800 Hz, and the sound wave intensity reaches the peak in the negative pressure stage; Step 35: Integrate the ion polarization field generating device to start the polarization field in the negative pressure stage and weaken or turn off in the positive pressure stage; Step 36: Establish a dry gas flow protection area to form a relatively stable dry transition layer, isolating the phase change cold and heat cycle area from the external high humidity environment; Step 37: Adjust the polarization field parameters according to the change of environmental humidity; Step 38: Perform the spraying operation, and the spraying pressure changes periodically according to the "positive pressure-negative pressure-positive pressure" cycle.

[0062] Wherein: The heat exchange unit is composed of inner and outer two layers of pipelines, the inner pipeline is used for spraying material transportation, and the outer pipeline circulates the temperature control liquid, and the temperature control liquid realizes the periodic change of temperature through the electronic control heating / cooling device.

[0063] The phase change temperature change mode is: the temperature gradually rises to 35℃ in the positive pressure stage, and the temperature gradually decreases to 20℃ in the negative pressure stage, and the temperature change rate is controlled at 5-8℃ / s.

[0064] The sound wave oscillation is alternately and synchronously controlled with the positive and negative pressure: the sound wave intensity reaches the peak in the negative pressure stage, and the sound wave intensity decreases in the positive pressure stage.

[0065] The dry gas flow is distributed in a ring shape, and the dry gas flow is proportional to the environmental humidity: the higher the environmental humidity, the greater the dry gas flow.

[0066] The step of adjusting the polarization field parameters according to the change of environmental humidity includes: When the relative humidity is 60-70%, the polarization field intensity is the reference value E0 (2-3kV / m); When the relative humidity is 70-80%, the polarization field intensity is 1.2E0; When the relative humidity is 80-90%, the polarization field intensity is 1.5E0; When the relative humidity is above 90%, the polarization field intensity is 2E0.

[0067] The action time of the polarization field is adjusted according to the change of humidity: the higher the humidity, the longer the polarization field duration; under the standard humidity condition (60-70%RH), the polarization field duration is the same as the negative pressure stage time; for every 10% increase in humidity, the polarization field duration is extended by 15%, and the longest is not more than 1.5 times of the negative pressure stage time.

[0068] In the area with large humidity variation, the pulse polarization field is used, the pulse frequency is set to 50-100Hz, and the duty cycle increases with the increase of humidity. When the humidity is 60-70%, the duty cycle is 50%, and when the humidity is more than 90%, the duty cycle is 80%.

[0069] Preferably, the step of performing the spraying operation comprises: 1) maintaining a working distance of 30-40cm between the spray gun and the working surface; 2) using a spiral or S-shaped spraying path to ensure uniform coverage of the working surface; 3) adjusting the spraying angle to be perpendicular ± 15° according to the complexity of the working surface. Preferably, it further comprises a synchronization step of phase change cold and hot cycle and pressure alternation: 1) synchronizing the phase change cold and hot cycle with the positive and negative pressure alternation in time, and the synchronization accuracy is controlled within ± 50ms; 2) establishing a corresponding relationship between the phase change temperature change and the pressure change: when the positive pressure reaches the maximum value (0.5MPa), the temperature synchronously reaches the highest value (35℃); when the negative pressure reaches the maximum value (-0.2MPa), the temperature synchronously reaches the lowest value (20℃); 3) the ratio of temperature change rate to pressure change rate is kept at 15-20℃ / MPa.

[0070] Example 10 The difference between this embodiment and Example 9 is: Step 32: determine the process parameters of positive and negative pressure alternation spraying, including the pressure range of positive pressure state is 0.3-0.4MPa, the pressure range of negative pressure state is -0.1 to -0.15MPa, the positive and negative pressure alternation frequency is 0.5Hz, and the positive and negative pressure duration ratio is positive pressure: negative pressure = 2:1; Step 33: set a heat exchange unit in the spraying material conveying channel, so that the spraying material experiences a temperature cycle change of 20-30℃ during spraying, and the temperature cycle frequency is synchronized with the positive and negative pressure alternation frequency; Step 34: integrate a sound wave generating device to generate sound waves with a frequency range of 500-600Hz, and the sound wave intensity reaches the peak value in the negative pressure stage; The phase change temperature change mode is: the temperature gradually rises to 35℃ in the positive pressure stage, and the temperature gradually decreases to 20℃ in the negative pressure stage, and the temperature change rate is controlled at 5℃ / s.

[0071] Example 11 The difference between this embodiment and Example 9 is: Step 32: Determine the process parameters of positive and negative pressure alternating spraying, including the pressure range of positive pressure state 0.4-0.5 MPa, the pressure range of negative pressure state -0.15 to -0.2 MPa, the alternating frequency of positive and negative pressure 2 Hz, and the duration ratio of positive and negative pressure 2:1; Step 33: Set up a heat exchange unit in the spraying material conveying channel, so that the spraying material experiences a temperature cycle change of 25-30℃ during spraying, and the temperature cycle frequency is synchronized with the positive and negative pressure alternating frequency; Step 34: Integrate a sound wave generating device to generate sound waves in the frequency range of 550-600 Hz, with the sound wave intensity reaching a peak value in the negative pressure stage.

[0072] Example 12 In this embodiment, a mine environmental protection spraying material construction spraying method is proposed, mainly including the following steps: 1 Positive and negative pressure alternating spraying basic process 1.1 Preparation of spraying system Prepare the spraying system, including the pneumatic spraying machine capable of realizing the alternating change of positive and negative pressure, the pressure control device, the gas source system and the spraying material. This step is a routine preparation work, and existing pneumatic spraying equipment can be used and appropriately modified to enable it to quickly switch between positive and negative pressure.

[0073] 1.2 Determination of positive and negative pressure alternating spraying parameters Determine the key process parameters of positive and negative pressure alternating spraying: 1) Positive pressure state pressure range: 0.3-0.5 MPa, used to realize the surface coverage of the material; 2) Negative pressure state pressure range: -0.1 to -0.2 MPa, used to enhance the penetration depth and adhesion of the material; 3) Alternating frequency of positive and negative pressure: 0.5-2 Hz, forming a periodic change 4) Duration ratio of positive and negative pressure: positive pressure: negative pressure = 2:1, optimizing the balance between material coverage and penetration.

[0074] This parameter determination process is one of the core steps of the invention. Compared with traditional single pressure spraying, positive and negative pressure alternating spraying can achieve dynamic balance between material coverage and deep penetration. Through the positive pressure state, the material forms a preliminary coverage on the surface, and then through the negative pressure state, the attraction force is generated to make the material penetrate into the porous or micro-crack structure of the base surface, enhancing the anchoring effect.

[0075] 1.3 Spraying operation execution Follow these steps to perform the spraying operation: 1) Maintain an optimal working distance of 30-40 cm between the spray gun and the work surface; 2) Activate the positive and negative pressure alternating control system so that the spray pressure changes cyclically from positive pressure to negative pressure to positive pressure; 3) Use a spiral or S-shaped spray path to ensure uniform coverage of the work surface and avoid areas of insufficient coverage; 4) Adjust the spray angle (vertical ±15°) according to the complexity of the work surface to ensure uniform coverage of uneven surfaces.

[0076] The alternating positive and negative pressure spraying process creates a dynamic "push-pull-push" force, significantly different from traditional single-pressure spraying: the positive pressure phase (push) sprays the material onto the substrate, creating initial coverage; the negative pressure phase (pull) generates negative pressure attraction, further penetrating the material into the porous or micro-cracked structure of the substrate; and the positive pressure phase (push) secures and reinforces the already penetrated material, creating a deep anchoring effect. This dynamic balance is one of the key innovations of this invention.

[0077] 2 Phase change energy assist system 2.1 Phase change cooling and heating cycle control A phase change cooling and heating cycle control system is introduced into the basic positive and negative pressure alternating spraying process. This system is one of the cores of the present invention. The specific steps are as follows: A heat exchange unit is installed in the spray material delivery channel, allowing the spray material to undergo a temperature cycle of 20°C to 35°C during the spraying process. The heat exchange unit consists of two layers of pipes: the inner pipe is used to transport the spray material, and the outer pipe circulates a temperature-control liquid. The temperature-control liquid is cyclically changed by an electronically controlled heating / cooling device, and the spray material temperature is adjusted accordingly through heat conduction between the inner and outer pipes.

[0078] The temperature cycle frequency is synchronized with the positive and negative pressure alternation frequency, meaning one temperature cycle is completed during each positive and negative pressure cycle. This synchronization is achieved via an electronic control unit, which receives signals from the positive and negative pressure alternation system and controls the heating / cooling mechanism of the heat exchange unit accordingly.

[0079] The phase change temperature change pattern is as follows: the temperature gradually increases to 35°C during the positive pressure stage and gradually decreases to 20°C during the negative pressure stage. The temperature change rate is controlled at 5-8°C / second to ensure that the material can fully experience the temperature change without affecting the continuity of the spraying.

[0080] The working principle of the phase change cold and hot cycle is to use the thermal expansion and thermal contraction effect of the sprayed material during temperature change to provide additional kinetic energy. Specifically, during the positive pressure stage, the temperature rise causes the material to slightly expand, enhancing its coverage ability; during the negative pressure stage, the temperature drop causes the material to slightly shrink, forming a synergistic effect with the negative pressure suction force, significantly improving the penetration depth of the material. This thermodynamic effect combined with pressure changes forms a "thermal expansion-pressure penetration" dual driving effect, which is a technical innovation that traditional spraying processes do not have.

[0081] 2.2 Oscillation strengthening of acoustic medium The acoustic medium oscillation strengthening system realizes the oscillation strengthening of the sprayed material medium by introducing acoustic waves during spraying. The specific steps are as follows: Integrate an acoustic wave generating device in the spraying system to generate acoustic waves with a frequency range of 500-800 Hz; Acoustic wave oscillation and alternating synchronous control of positive and negative pressure: the acoustic wave intensity reaches a peak during the negative pressure stage, and decreases during the positive pressure stage; The acoustic wave forms a micro-oscillation effect in the sprayed material medium, changing the rheological properties of the material; The working principle of acoustic medium oscillation strengthening is to use the mechanical vibration produced by acoustic waves propagating in the material medium to break the agglomeration state between material particles, reduce the apparent viscosity of the material, and enhance its flowability and penetration ability. During the negative pressure stage, the acoustic wave oscillation and the negative pressure suction force form a synergistic effect, producing a "micro-oscillation-negative pressure suction" deep penetration effect. This effect can solve the problem of insufficient penetration of traditional spraying when dealing with deep micro-cracks.

[0082] 2.3 Ion polarization field penetration enhancement Ion polarization field penetration enhancement enhances the penetration ability of the material to the porous surface by introducing an ion polarization field during spraying. The specific steps are as follows: Integrate an ion polarization field generating device in the spraying system; Alternating synchronous control of ion polarization field and positive and negative pressure: start the polarization field during the negative pressure stage, and weaken or turn off during the positive pressure stage; The ion polarization field acts on the sprayed material, causing the charged particles in the material to migrate directionally under the action of the electric field; The working principle of ion polarization field penetration enhancement is to use the directional effect of electric field force on charged particles to enhance the directional penetration ability of the material during the negative pressure stage. When the ion polarization field acts on the sprayed material, the charged particles in the material produce directional migration under the action of the electric field, forming a synergistic effect with the negative pressure suction force, further enhancing the penetration depth and anchoring effect of the material. During the positive and negative pressure change process, the intensity of the ion polarization field also changes accordingly, forming a "polarity change-adsorption enhancement" effect, improving the bonding strength of the sprayed material and the substrate.

[0083] 3 Extreme humidity environment adaptation technology High humidity (relative humidity > 90%) in mine environment is one of the main challenges faced by traditional spraying process. The invention proposes a high humidity environment adaptation technology, including humidity field layering isolation and humidity self-adaptive polarization field regulation.

[0084] 3.1 Humidity field layering isolation process The humidity field layering isolation process aims to solve the problem of interference of high humidity environment on the efficiency of phase change cold and hot cycle. The specific steps are as follows: Establish a dry gas flow protection area at the outlet of the spraying system to form a relatively stable dry transition layer; The dry gas flow is distributed in a ring shape, isolating the phase change cold and hot cycle area from the external high humidity environment; The dry gas flow is proportional to the environmental humidity: the higher the environmental humidity, the greater the dry gas flow; The geometric shape of the dry gas flow protection area is conical, consistent with the direction of the spraying material jet.

[0085] The working principle of humidity field layering isolation is to establish a dry transition layer to block the interference of environmental humidity on the phase change process. In high humidity environment, water molecules will interfere with the phase change process of materials, reducing the phase change efficiency. By forming a dry transition layer, the phase change cold and hot cycle area can be protected and maintained in normal operating state. This isolation is a functional layer formed by gas flow dynamics, effectively improving the phase change efficiency.

[0086] 3.2 Humidity self-adaptive polarization field regulation technology The humidity self-adaptive polarization field regulation technology aims to solve the problem of reduced ion polarization field efficiency in high humidity environment. The specific steps are as follows: Real-time monitoring of environmental humidity parameters and converting them into polarization field regulation instructions. The monitoring uses a capacitive humidity sensor with a measurement accuracy of ±2%RH and a sampling frequency of 10Hz, ensuring real-time response to changes in environmental humidity.

[0087] Establish a self-adaptive correspondence between humidity and polarization field strength: the higher the environmental humidity, the higher the polarization field strength. The specific correspondence is: when the relative humidity is 60-70%, the polarization field strength is the reference value E0 (2-3kV / m); when the relative humidity is 70-80%, the polarization field strength is 1.2E0; when the relative humidity is 80-90%, the polarization field strength is 1.5E0; when the relative humidity is above 90%, the polarization field strength is 2E0.

[0088] The action time of the polarization field is also adjusted according to the change of humidity: the higher the humidity, the longer the duration of the polarization field. Under standard humidity conditions (60-70% RH), the duration of the polarization field is the same as the time of the negative pressure stage; for every 10% increase in humidity, the duration of the polarization field is extended by 15%, and the longest duration is not more than 1.5 times the time of the negative pressure stage.

[0089] In areas with large changes in humidity, a pulsed polarization field is used to improve its anti-interference ability. The pulse frequency is set to 50-100 Hz, and the duty cycle increases with increasing humidity. When the humidity is 60-70%, the duty cycle is 50%, and when the humidity is above 90%, the duty cycle is 80%.

[0090] The working principle of the humidity-adaptive polarization field regulation technology is to adjust the intensity distribution and duration of the polarization field according to the change of environmental humidity, in order to offset the interference of humidity on ion migration. In a high-humidity environment, water molecules will interfere with the distribution of the ion polarization field, resulting in uneven electric field distribution and weakened penetration enhancement effect. Through humidity-adaptive regulation, the polarization field can maintain good working condition under different humidity conditions, ensuring the effectiveness of ion directional migration and guaranteeing the penetration enhancement effect in a high-humidity environment.

[0091] 3.3 High-humidity environment test verification To ensure the effectiveness of the high-humidity environment adaptation technology, test verification is carried out, with the following specific steps: Spraying tests are conducted in a simulated mine environment with a relative humidity of 90% or above; The penetration effect difference between with and without humidity field layer isolation and humidity-adaptive polarization field regulation technology is compared; The penetration depth and adhesion strength of the material under different humidity conditions are measured; According to the test results, optimize the relevant technical parameters to improve the environmental adaptability of the system; The test results show that, by using the high-humidity environment adaptation technology of the present invention, even under conditions of a relative humidity of more than 95%, the penetration depth and adhesion strength of the sprayed material can still be maintained at more than 85% of the normal level, while the effect of the traditional spraying process under the same conditions will be reduced to less than 40% of the normal level. This verifies the adaptation ability and technical advantages of the present invention in high-humidity environments.

[0092] 4 Realization of synergistic mechanism The core of the present invention is to realize the synergistic effect of multiple physical fields, forming a complete multi-field synergistic method.

[0093] 4.1 Synergy of phase change cold and hot cycle and pressure alternation To realize the synergy of phase change cold and hot cycle and pressure alternation, the following steps are taken: Synchronize the phase change cold and hot cycle with the positive and negative pressure alternation in time: the positive pressure stage corresponds to the temperature rising process, and the negative pressure stage corresponds to the temperature falling process. The synchronization accuracy is controlled within ±50 ms, ensuring the best cooperation between the thermal effect and the pressure effect.

[0094] Establish the corresponding relationship between the phase change temperature variation and the pressure variation, realizing the synergy of the thermodynamic effect and the fluid mechanics effect. The specific corresponding relationship is: when the positive pressure reaches the maximum value (0.5 MPa), the temperature synchronously reaches the highest value (35℃); when the negative pressure reaches the maximum value (-0.2 MPa), the temperature synchronously reaches the lowest value (20℃); the intermediate point of the pressure variation corresponds to the intermediate point of the temperature variation.

[0095] Optimize the phase change cold and hot cycle parameters and the positive and negative pressure alternation parameters, making them form the best matching relationship. The ratio of the temperature variation rate to the pressure variation rate is kept at 15-20℃ / MPa, which has been verified by experiments to be able to produce the best synergistic effect.

[0096] The synergy of the phase change cold and hot cycle and the pressure alternation forms the "thermal expansion-pressure penetration" double driving effect. In the positive pressure stage, the material temperature rising leads to micro-expansion, which cooperates with the positive pressure to enhance the material's surface spreading ability; in the negative pressure stage, the material temperature falling leads to micro-shrinkage, which cooperates with the negative pressure to enhance the material's penetration depth. This thermal-pressure synergistic effect makes the penetration depth increase by about 30%.

[0097] 4.2 Synergy of acoustic medium oscillation and negative pressure stage Realize the synergy of the acoustic medium oscillation and the negative pressure stage, and the specific steps are as follows: Establish the corresponding relationship between the acoustic wave oscillation intensity and the negative pressure: the greater the negative pressure, the higher the acoustic wave oscillation intensity. The specific corresponding relationship is: when the negative pressure is -0.1 MPa, the acoustic wave intensity is the reference value I0 (0.5-1 W / cm²); when the negative pressure is -0.15 MPa, the acoustic wave intensity is 1.5I0; when the negative pressure is -0.2 MPa, the acoustic wave intensity is 2I0.

[0098] Establish the matching relationship between the acoustic wave frequency and the negative pressure duration, realizing the maximization of the vibration effect. When the negative pressure duration is T, the acoustic wave frequency is selected to make it complete an integer number (8-12) of acoustic wave periods within T time, ensuring the continuity and stability of the oscillation effect.

[0099] Optimize the acoustic wave propagation direction and the material flow direction, making them form consistency. The angle between the acoustic wave propagation direction and the spraying material flow direction is controlled within ±15°, and experiments show that the best oscillation enhancement effect can be obtained within this range.

[0100] The synergistic effect of the acoustic medium oscillation and the negative pressure phase generates a "micro-oscillation-negative pressure suction" deep penetration effect. In the negative pressure phase, the acoustic wave causes the material medium to produce micro-oscillation, breaks the agglomeration state between the material particles, reduces the apparent viscosity, and enhances the fluidity; at the same time, the negative pressure generates suction force, and the two synergistic effects make the material penetrate more deeply into the porous or micro-fissure structure of the base surface. This acoustic-pressure synergistic effect improves the uniformity of penetration by about 25%.

[0101] 4.3 Synergy of ion polarization field and positive and negative pressure changes To achieve the synergy of the ion polarization field and the positive and negative pressure changes, the specific steps are as follows: The polarization field strength and the negative pressure size establish a corresponding relationship: the greater the negative pressure, the higher the polarization field strength. The specific corresponding relationship is: when the negative pressure is-0.1 MPa, the polarization field strength is the reference value E0(2-3 kV / m); when the negative pressure is-0.15 MPa, the polarization field strength is 1.3E0; when the negative pressure is-0.2 MPa, the polarization field strength is 1.6E0.

[0102] The direction of the polarization field is consistent with the direction of the material flow, enhancing the directional penetration effect. The angle between the polarization field direction and the spraying material flow direction is controlled within ±10° to ensure the synergistic effect of the electric field force and the fluid force.

[0103] During the positive and negative pressure conversion process, the polarization field strength changes smoothly to avoid instability caused by sudden changes. The polarization field strength change rate is controlled at 0.5-1 kV / m·s to ensure the stability and controllability of the field strength change.

[0104] The synergistic effect of the ion polarization field and the positive and negative pressure changes forms a "polarity change-adsorption enhancement" effect. During the positive and negative pressure change process, the polarization field strength also changes accordingly, enabling the charged particles in the material to obtain directional migration effect at different pressure stages. This electric-pressure synergistic effect improves the material adhesion strength by about 20%.

[0105] 4.4 Synergy of humidity field layering isolation and polarization field regulation To achieve the synergy of humidity field layering isolation and polarization field regulation, the specific steps are as follows: The geometric shape of the dry transition layer matches the distribution area of the polarization field, forming a functional synergy. The dry transition layer is conical with a cone angle of 30-45°, and the coincidence degree with the action range of the polarization field is more than 85%, ensuring that the polarization field can function in a relatively dry environment.

[0106] The humidity field distribution and the polarization field strength distribution establish a corresponding relationship to achieve dynamic adjustment. Inside the dry transition layer, for every 10% decrease in relative humidity, the polarization field strength decreases by 15%, maintaining the best electric field-humidity balance.

[0107] In high humidity areas, the synergistic effect of the two is strengthened, forming a "dry protection-directional penetration" composite enhancement effect. In the area where the relative humidity is more than 90%, the dry gas flow is increased to 1.5 times the standard flow, and the polarization field strength is increased to 1.8 times the standard strength, and the two synergistically counteract the adverse effects of high humidity.

[0108] The synergistic effect of humidity field layer isolation and polarization field regulation forms a "dry protection-directional penetration" composite enhancement effect. The dry transition layer provides a relatively stable working environment for the polarization field, reducing humidity interference; and the polarization field plays a more effective penetration enhancement role under this protection. This synergistic effect improves the penetration effect in high humidity environment by about 40%.

[0109] The construction spraying method in this embodiment has the following technical effects: 1. Improved permeability and adhesion Through the synergistic effect of the positive and negative pressure alternate spraying basic process and the phase change energy auxiliary system, the penetration depth of the material on the porous or micro-crack surface is improved by 55%, and the adhesion is improved by 48%. The penetration depth of the traditional spraying process is usually 1-3mm, while the present invention can reach 4-6mm; the adhesion strength of the traditional spraying is usually 0.5-0.8MPa, while the present invention can reach 1.0-1.5MPa. This effect makes the protective layer more firm and prolongs the service life.

[0110] 2. Enhanced adaptability to high humidity environment The present invention overcomes the influence of high humidity environment (relative humidity > 90%) on the spraying process through humidity field layer isolation and humidity self-adaptive polarization field regulation technology. Experimental results show that under the condition of relative humidity 95%, the penetration depth and adhesion strength of the sprayed material can still maintain more than 85% of the normal level, while the traditional process under the same conditions will reduce to less than 40%.

[0111] 3. Multi-field synergistic effect The present invention realizes the synergistic effect of phase change cold and hot cycle, sound wave medium oscillation, ion polarization field and positive and negative pressure alternation, forming a multiple synergistic method. Tests show that the multi-field synergistic effect is about 30% higher than the effect of using each technical element alone, which reflects the advantages of technology combination.

[0112] 4. Improved spraying quality and uniformity The process of the present invention makes the sprayed material cover more uniformly on complex surfaces, avoiding the common problems of insufficient coverage and uneven penetration in traditional spraying. Tests show that on complex shaped work surfaces, the spraying coverage uniformity is improved by about 40%, and the local thickness deviation is controlled within ±10%, which is better than the ±25% of the traditional process.

[0113] 5. Improved material utilization rate By alternating positive and negative pressure spraying and multi-field synergy, the material rebound rate is reduced, and the material utilization rate is improved. Experimental data show that the material rebound rate of the application is reduced to below 15%, which is reduced by 30-40% compared with traditional spraying, saving material cost and reducing environmental pollution.

[0114] 3. Construction efficiency and protection effect are improved The application improves the performance of the sprayed material, optimizes the construction process, and increases the construction efficiency by about 35%. At the same time, due to the improvement of penetration depth and adhesion, the service life of the protective layer is prolonged by more than 40%, reducing the maintenance frequency and overall use cost.

[0115] Overall, the application solves the technical problems faced by traditional spraying in mine environment through process innovation and multi-field synergy, improves the performance and use effect of the sprayed material, and has obvious technical progress and practical value.

[0116] To verify the above technical effects in this embodiment, we carried out the following experimental tests.

[0117] Experiment 1: Penetration depth and adhesion test 1. Experimental purpose To verify the synergistic effect of the positive and negative pressure alternating spraying basic process and the phase change energy auxiliary system on the improvement of the penetration depth and adhesion of the sprayed material.

[0118] 2. Experimental equipment Improved pneumatic guniting machine (with positive and negative pressure alternating function); Phase change energy auxiliary system (including heat exchange unit, sound wave generating device and ion polarization field generating device); Pressure measuring instrument (accuracy ±0.01MPa); Temperature measuring instrument (accuracy ±0.1℃); Penetration depth measuring instrument (accuracy ±0.1mm); Adhesion strength tester (accuracy ±0.05MPa); Standard mine porous rock sample (porosity 15±2%).

[0119] 3. Experimental steps Prepare 4 groups of same size mine porous rock samples, 5 each, labeled as A, B, C, D groups; Group A uses traditional single pressure spraying process (pressure 0.4MPa); Group B uses positive and negative pressure alternating spraying process (without using phase change energy auxiliary system); Positive pressure is set to 0.4MPa, and negative pressure is set to -0.15MPa; Alternating frequency is set to 1Hz, positive and negative pressure duration ratio is 2:1; C group adopts positive and negative pressure alternating spraying process and enables partial phase change energy auxiliary system (only heat exchange unit); Pressure parameters are the same as group B; The temperature cycle of the heat exchange unit is set to 20℃ ↔ 35℃, which is synchronized with the pressure change; D group adopts the complete process of the application (positive and negative pressure alternating spraying + all phase change energy auxiliary systems); Pressure parameters are the same as group B; Heat exchange unit parameters are the same as group C; The sound wave frequency is set to 650Hz, and the intensity changes with the negative pressure; The intensity of the ion polarization field is set to the reference value of 2.5kV / m, which changes with the negative pressure; After all the samples are sprayed, they are cured under standard conditions (temperature 20±2℃, relative humidity 65±5%) for 7 days; The material penetration depth of each group of samples is measured using a penetration depth measuring instrument; The adhesion strength of each group of samples is measured using an adhesion strength tester; 4. Experimental results The test results are shown in the following table: Figure 1 : Penetration depth and adhesion strength test results.

[0120] 5. Experimental conclusion The experimental results show that the complete process of the application can improve the penetration depth by 108.7% and the adhesion strength by 96.9% compared with the traditional single pressure spraying process. This verifies that the synergistic effect of the positive and negative pressure alternating spraying basic process and the phase change energy auxiliary system can significantly improve the penetration depth and adhesion of the material on the surface of the porous rock. Especially when the three phase change energy auxiliary technologies (heat exchange, sound wave oscillation, and ion polarization field) are used simultaneously, the effect is most significant, which reflects the technical advantages of multi-field synergistic effect.

[0121] Experiment two: high humidity environment adaptability test 1. Experimental purpose To verify the improvement effect of the high humidity environment adaptation technology (humidity field layering isolation and humidity self-adaptive polarization field regulation) of the application on the spraying effect.

[0122] 2. Experimental equipment Improved pneumatic guniting machine (with positive and negative pressure alternating function); Phase change energy auxiliary system (including heat exchange unit, sound wave generating device and ion polarization field generating device); Humidity field layered isolation system (dry air flow generating device); Humidity self-adaptive polarization field regulation system; Environmental humidity control cabin (relative humidity 60%-95% adjustable); Humidity measuring instrument (accuracy ±1%RH); Penetration depth measuring instrument (accuracy ±0.1mm); Adhesion strength tester (accuracy ±0.05MPa); Standard mine porous rock sample (porosity 15±2%).

[0123] 3. Experimental steps Prepare 3 groups of mine porous rock samples of the same size, 15 in each group, and label them as E, F, and G groups; Set the environmental humidity control cabin to five humidity gradients of 65%, 75%, 85%, 90%, and 95% respectively; E group uses traditional single pressure spraying process (pressure 0.4MPa), and sprays 3 samples under each of the five humidity gradients; F group uses the positive and negative pressure alternating spraying and phase change energy auxiliary system of the present application, but does not use the high humidity environment adaptation technology, and sprays 3 samples under each of the five humidity gradients; G group uses the complete process of the present application (including high humidity environment adaptation technology), and sprays 3 samples under each of the five humidity gradients; Humidity field layered isolation: dry air flow increases with increasing humidity; Humidity self-adaptive polarization field regulation: polarization field strength increases with increasing humidity; After all the samples are sprayed, they are cured under standard conditions (temperature 20±2℃, relative humidity 65±5%) for 7 days; Use the penetration depth measuring instrument and the adhesion strength tester to measure the performance of each group of samples under different humidity conditions; Calculate the performance retention rate of each group under different humidity conditions (based on the performance under 65% humidity conditions).

[0124] 4. Experimental results The penetration depth retention rate test results under different humidity conditions are shown in the following table: The adhesion strength retention rate test results under different humidity conditions are shown in the following table: Figure 2 : Humidity environment adaptability test results.

[0125] 5. Experimental conclusions The experimental results show that the performance of all spraying processes decreases with the increase of environmental humidity, but the complete process of the application (group G) shows excellent high-humidity environment adaptability. Under the extreme condition of 95% relative humidity, the penetration depth and adhesion strength retention rate of the traditional process decrease to 38.7% and 41.3% respectively, while the complete process of the application can still maintain the performance level of 86.5% and 88.7%. This verifies that the humidity field layering isolation and humidity self-adaptive polarization field regulation technology can effectively overcome the adverse effects of high humidity environment on the spraying process, and significantly improve the adaptability of the spraying system in the high-humidity environment of the mine.

[0126] Experiment three: test of synergistic effect of multiple fields 1. Experimental purpose Verify the synergistic effect of multiple physical fields (thermal field, acoustic field, electric field, pressure field) in the application, and prove that the comprehensive effect is better than the simple superposition of each single technology.

[0127] 2. Experimental equipment Improved pneumatic spraying machine (with positive and negative pressure alternation function); Phase change energy auxiliary system (including heat exchange unit, acoustic wave generating device and ion polarization field generating device); Multi-physical field parameter monitoring system; Penetration uniformity measuring device (laser scanning type); Material rebound rate measuring device; Standard mine porous rock sample (porosity 15±2%).

[0128] 3. Experimental steps Prepare 8 groups of mine porous rock samples of the same size, 3 in each group, and mark them as H1-H8 groups; Each group uses different technology combinations for spraying: H1 group: traditional single pressure spraying (control group); H2 group: only using positive and negative pressure alternation spraying; H3 group: only using phase change cold and hot cycle technology; H4 group: only using acoustic medium oscillation technology; H5 group: only using ion polarization field technology; H6 group: combination of positive and negative pressure alternation spraying + phase change cold and hot cycle (without synergistic optimization); H7 group: combination of all technologies without synergistic optimization (simple superposition); H8 group: using the complete process of the application (including multi-field synergistic optimization); All samples are sprayed under standard conditions (temperature 20±2℃, relative humidity 65±5%); The physical field parameters in the spraying process are monitored, and the change rule is recorded; After the spraying is completed, the penetration uniformity (uniformity coefficient) and material resilience rate of each group of samples are measured; The data of each group are analyzed, and the synergistic effect coefficient (actual effect / theoretical superposition effect) is calculated.

[0129] 4. Experimental results The penetration uniformity and material resilience rate test results of each group of samples are shown in the following table: Figure 3 : Multi-field synergistic effect test results.

[0130] 5. Experimental conclusion The experimental results show that the complete process (H8 group) of the present application has a significant synergistic effect compared with each single technology or simple combination of technology groups. Specifically: In terms of penetration uniformity: the complete process of the present application achieves a uniformity coefficient of 92.7%, while the simple combination of all technologies (H7 group) is only 83.6%, and the traditional spraying (H1 group) is only 68.5%.

[0131] In terms of material resilience rate: the complete process of the present application reduces the resilience rate to 14.3%, while the simple combination of all technologies (H7 group) is 21.8%, and the traditional spraying (H1 group) is as high as 37.2%.

[0132] Synergistic effect coefficient: the synergistic effect coefficient of the complete process of the present application is 1.31, which means that through multi-field synergistic optimization, the actual effect is improved by 31% compared with the theoretical superposition effect, verifying the synergistic effect principle of "1+1+1>3".

[0133] This experimental result proves that through the synergistic optimization of phase change cold and hot cycle, sound wave medium oscillation, ion polarization field and positive and negative pressure alternation, the present application realizes the mutual promotion and mutual enhancement of multiple physical fields, forming a unique composite synergistic mechanism, which cannot be achieved by simply combining each technology.

[0134] The above describes the embodiments of the present application, but the embodiments are not limited to the specific implementation described above, which is only illustrative and not limiting. Those skilled in the art can make more forms of equivalent embodiments under the inspiration of the embodiments, which are all within the protection of the embodiments.

Claims

1. A mining environmentally friendly spraying material, characterized in that: The raw materials include the following percentages by weight: 42.5 grade white cement: 35%, silicone acrylic emulsion: 25%, nano-SiO2: 20%, ammonium polyphosphate: 0.5%, sodium methyl siliconate: 5%, accelerator: 0.3%, polyvinyl formal adhesive: 7%, water-absorbing resin: 0.6%, antistatic agent: 0.6%, inorganic pigment: 6%.

2. The environmentally friendly spraying material for mining according to claim 1, characterized in that: The raw materials include the following percentages by mass: 42.5 grade white cement: 30%, silicone acrylic emulsion: 20%, nano-SiO2: 30%, ammonium polyphosphate: 0.5%, sodium methyl siliconate: 4%, accelerator: 0.1%, polyvinyl formal adhesive: 5%, water-absorbing resin: 0.5%, antistatic agent: 0.9%, inorganic pigment: 9%.

3. A construction method of environmentally friendly spraying material for mining, characterized in that: The steps include: Step 1: Base surface preparation: remove loose coal rock, oil stains and dust from the surface to be sprayed to ensure that the base surface is flat and free of impurities; Step 2: Mix the ingredients; mix them evenly according to the formula ratio, add water and stir to form a uniform slurry without lumps; Step 3: spraying treatment; Spraying treatment on the base surface; Step 4: Curing: After spraying, cure for 24-48 hours until the coating is completely cured.

4. The construction method of a mining environmental protection spraying material according to claim 3, characterized in that: In step 2, the water-to-material ratio is 1:3, the stirring time is controlled to 3-5 minutes, and the rotation speed is 200-300 rpm to form a uniform slurry without agglomeration.

5. The construction method of a mining environmental protection spraying material according to claim 3, characterized in that: In step 4, maintain the ambient humidity ≥ 80% and the temperature 10-35°C, and cure for 24-48 hours until the coating is completely cured.

6. The construction method of a mining environmental protection spraying material according to claim 3, characterized in that: In step 3, a pneumatic spraying machine is used for vertical spraying, with the spray gun 0.8-1.2m away from the base surface and a spraying speed of 0.5-0.8m² / min; when spraying in layers, the thickness of a single layer is ≤5mm, the total thickness is 2-15mm, and the interval between layers is ≤20 minutes.

7. The construction method of a mining environmental protection spraying material according to claim 3, characterized in that: In step 3, the spraying process includes the following steps: Step 31: Prepare a spraying system capable of achieving alternating positive and negative pressures; Step 32: Determine process parameters for alternating positive and negative pressure spraying, including a positive pressure range of 0.3-0.5 MPa, a negative pressure range of -0.1 to -0.2 MPa, a positive and negative pressure alternating frequency of 0.5-2 Hz, and a positive and negative pressure duration ratio of 2:

1. Step 33: A heat exchange unit is provided in the spray material delivery channel, so that the spray material undergoes a temperature cycle of 20°C-35°C during the spraying process, and the temperature cycle frequency is synchronized with the positive and negative pressure alternation frequency; Step 34: Integrate a sound wave generator to generate sound waves in the frequency range of 500-800 Hz, with the intensity of the sound waves reaching a peak during the negative pressure stage; Step 35: Integrate an ion polarization field generating device to activate the polarization field during the negative pressure phase and weaken or shut down the polarization field during the positive pressure phase; Step 36: Establish a dry airflow protection area to form a relatively stable dry transition layer, isolating the phase change hot and cold cycle area from the external high humidity environment; Step 37: Adjust the polarization field parameters according to the change of ambient humidity; Step 38: Execute the spraying operation so that the spraying pressure changes periodically from positive pressure to negative pressure to positive pressure.

8. The construction method of a mining environmental protection spraying material according to claim 7, characterized in that: The heat exchange unit consists of two layers of pipes, the inner layer of the pipe is used to transport the spray material, and the outer layer of the pipe circulates the temperature control liquid, which realizes periodic temperature changes through the electronically controlled heating / cooling device.

9. The construction method of a mining environmental protection spraying material according to claim 7, characterized in that: The phase change temperature change mode is: the temperature gradually increases to 35°C in the positive pressure stage, and gradually decreases to 20°C in the negative pressure stage, and the temperature change rate is controlled at 5-8°C / second.

10. The construction method of a mining environmentally friendly spraying material according to claim 7, characterized in that: The acoustic wave oscillation is synchronously controlled with alternating positive and negative pressures: the acoustic wave intensity reaches its peak during the negative pressure phase and decreases during the positive pressure phase.

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