Novel electrolytic bath lining structure

Abstract

A novel electrolytic cell lining structure comprises an electrolytic cell body, a lining frame and a bottom plate, and modular disassembly and assembly are achieved through mortise and tenon sliding connection: the inner wall of the electrolytic cell body is in sliding connection with the lining frame through a first mortise and tenon, and the inner wall of the lining frame is in sliding connection with the bottom plate through a second mortise and tenon, so that the bottom plate can be independently replaced, and associated waste of a side wall lining is avoided; and the maintenance efficiency is obviously improved. The lining frame is of a multi-layer composite structure design, the functions of blocking electrolyte permeation, optimizing current distribution and buffering thermal stress are achieved, and corrosion resistance and thermal stability are enhanced in a synergistic mode. The bottom plate is composed of a nanometer aerogel composite plate and a micropore calcium silicon plate, the nanometer aerogel composite plate reduces heat loss, and the micropore calcium silicon plate provides mechanical support. And the mortise and tenon joint structure is combined with the wear-resistant coating design, so that the sealing performance and durability of connection at high temperature are ensured. Through modular assembly and layered optimization of the composite material, high efficiency, energy conservation, long service life and flexible maintenance are considered, the production cost is effectively reduced, and the comprehensive performance of the electrolytic cell is improved.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of non-ferrous metal electrolytic cell lining structure, and particularly relates to a novel electrolytic cell lining structure. BACKGROUND

[0002] As the core equipment of non-ferrous metal electrolytic production, the lining structure of the electrolytic cell is directly related to the electrolytic efficiency, energy consumption and long-term stability of the equipment. Under the extreme working conditions of high temperature (about 950-1300 DEG C), strong corrosive electrolyte and metal liquid scouring, the lining material not only needs to withstand complex thermodynamic and chemical corrosion, but also needs to have high efficient electrical conductivity and thermal field stability.

[0003] The traditional non-ferrous metal electrolytic cell lining generally adopts an integral structure design, and the side wall and the bottom plate are rigidly connected by welding or bolts to form a fixed closed system. The side wall lining is usually composed of multiple layers of composite materials: the outer layer is a refractory brick or a carbon material to provide support, the middle layer is a heat preservation layer (such as a ceramic fiber plate) to reduce heat loss, and the inner layer is a permeation prevention layer (such as a silicon carbide coating) to resist electrolyte permeation. The bottom plate is usually made of carbon-based material with a heat preservation layer, which is fixed with the side wall by stacking or pouring process. Although this design meets the basic performance requirements to some extent, its inherent defects are gradually exposed in long-term operation: High maintenance cost Since the side wall and the bottom plate are rigidly connected, when the bottom plate is damaged due to long-term metal liquid scouring or thermal stress concentration, the entire lining system must be replaced. This not only leads to a large amount of still usable side wall material being discarded, but also requires a lot of manpower and time for disassembly, installation and debugging. According to statistics, the downtime during the replacement cycle of the traditional lining accounts for about 15%-20% of the production cycle, which seriously restricts the production efficiency. In addition, frequent whole replacement increases the inventory pressure of spare parts, further increasing the operating cost.

[0004] Thermal efficiency and energy consumption are in conflict The traditional heat preservation material (such as ceramic fiber) is easy to powder or structure collapse at high temperature, which leads to the increase of thermal conductivity and the attenuation of heat preservation performance. In order to maintain the stability of the electrolysis temperature, additional heat energy needs to be supplied, resulting in energy waste. At the same time, the electrical conductivity of the side wall material (such as ordinary cathode carbon block) is high, and the uneven distribution of current easily causes local overheating, which aggravates the material aging and reduces the current efficiency. These problems make the comprehensive energy efficiency of the traditional lining at a low level for a long time, which is difficult to meet the industry requirements of energy saving and consumption reduction.

[0005] Insufficient corrosion resistance Under the dual effects of high-temperature electrolyte permeation and molten metal scouring, the inner lining anti-permeation layer is prone to micro-cracks or peeling, leading to electrolyte infiltration into the insulation layer, causing material expansion, delamination, and even structural failure. The existing anti-permeation coating (such as a single silicon carbide layer) lacks gradient design, resulting in a large difference in thermal expansion coefficient with adjacent layers, which easily produces interface stress concentration during thermal cycling, accelerating interlayer peeling. In addition, the bottom plate material lacks sufficient scouring resistance, and the surface is prone to forming pits after long-term use, further shortening the service life of the inner lining.

[0006] Lack of modularity and flexibility Although existing technologies attempt to improve material formulations (such as the introduction of silicon nitride additives) or optimize layer thickness ratios to enhance local performance, they have not broken free from the shackles of the overall structure. The difference in service life between the sidewall and the bottom plate (the bottom plate usually has only 1 / 2-1 / 3 of the service life of the sidewall) leads to a significant "weak link effect," i.e., the overall service life is limited by the vulnerable component. Although some technologies in the industry propose a split connection scheme, they still rely on bolts or welding and do not achieve true independent disassembly, requiring the destruction of adjacent structures during maintenance.

[0007] In recent years, with the popularization of modular design concepts and the development of new composite materials, some research has begun to explore the detachability and functional layering design of the inner lining structure. For example, using plug-in connections instead of welding to simplify the installation process, or improving the impermeability through the gradient combination of functional coatings. However, these improvement schemes have obvious limitations: plug-in structures are prone to deformation at high temperatures, leading to sealing failure, and the interface bonding strength of multi-layer materials is insufficient, making it difficult to withstand long-term thermal stress. In addition, existing modular solutions focus on local structural optimization and lack systematic consideration of thermal-mechanical-electrical multi-field coupling, resulting in a large gap between actual application results and theoretical expectations.

[0008] In summary, the traditional electrolytic cell lining faces severe challenges in terms of structural design, material performance, and maintenance mode. There is an urgent need for a lining structure that combines modularity, high efficiency, and long service life, breaking through the inherent defects of the overall structure through innovative design, achieving independent replacement and performance optimization of key components, and meeting the dual needs of cost reduction and sustainable development in the electrolytic metal industry. SUMMARY

[0009] To address the above shortcomings, the present invention provides a new type of electrolytic cell lining structure, aiming to solve the problems of high maintenance cost, low thermal efficiency, and insufficient corrosion resistance of existing electrolytic cell linings through modular design. The invention uses mortise and tenon structures and multi-layer composite materials to ensure flexible disassembly, high efficiency, corrosion resistance, and long-term stability of the electrolytic cell.

[0010] To achieve the above-mentioned purposes, the present invention adopts the following technical solutions: The novel electrolytic cell lining structure includes an electrolytic cell body, a mortise and tenon structure is arranged inside the electrolytic cell body, the mortise and tenon structure includes mortise and tenon one and mortise and tenon two, the inner wall of the mortise and tenon one is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the electrolytic cell body, the outer wall of the mortise and tenon one is slidably connected with a lining frame, the inner wall of the mortise and tenon two is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the lining frame, the outer wall of the mortise and tenon two is slidably connected with a bottom plate, and the bottom plate is slidably connected inside the lining frame.

[0011] Further, the bottom plate is internally provided with a heat preservation layer, and the heat preservation layer is a nano aerogel composite board.

[0012] Further, the bottom layer is a microporous calcium-silicon plate.

[0013] Further, the lining frame is internally provided with a transition layer, and the transition layer is silicon carbide refractory castable.

[0014] Further, one side of the transition layer is provided with a high thermal conductivity layer, and the high thermal conductivity layer is a graphitized cathode carbon block.

[0015] Further, one side of the high thermal conductivity layer is provided with an anti-infiltration layer, and the anti-infiltration layer is a composite material coating.

[0016] Further, the mortise and tenon one is a T-shaped protrusion, the mortise and tenon two is a matching groove, and the modular connection of the lining frame and the electrolytic cell body and the bottom plate and the lining frame is realized through axial sliding.

[0017] Further, the assembly method includes the following steps: S1: fixing the mortise and tenon one base on the inner wall of the electrolytic cell body; S2: slidingly embedding the lining frame into the electrolytic cell body through the outer wall of the mortise and tenon one to form an axially detachable connection; S3: fixing the mortise and tenon two base on the inner wall of the lining frame; S4: slidingly embedding the bottom plate into the lining frame through the outer wall of the mortise and tenon two to form an independently replaceable sealing connection; S5: spraying a silicon nitride wear-resistant coating on the mortise and tenon sliding contact surface, and the thickness is 50-100 microns.

[0018] The application has the following beneficial effects: 1. Modular disassembly and maintenance efficiency is improved The present application realizes the independent assembly and disassembly of the lining frame, the electrolytic cell body, and the bottom plate and the lining frame through the mortise and tenon sliding structure (mortise one and mortise two). This design allows individual replacement when the bottom plate is damaged due to metal liquid erosion or thermal stress, without the need to disassemble the entire sidewall lining frame, significantly reducing maintenance downtime and material waste. Compared with traditional monolithic lining, the "short board effect" is avoided, resources are saved, and the flexibility and economy of equipment maintenance are improved; 2. Synergistic optimization of multi-layer composite structure Erosion resistance and life improvement: The composite structure of the lining frame includes a permeation-resistant layer (composite coating), a high-thermal-conductivity layer (graphitized cathode carbon block), and a transition layer (silicon carbide refractory castable). The permeation-resistant layer blocks the penetration of electrolyte, the high-thermal-conductivity layer optimizes current distribution to reduce local overheating, and the transition layer buffers thermal stress and enhances structural stability, all of which synergistically improve corrosion resistance and overall life; Thermal efficiency and energy consumption optimization: The bottom plate uses a nano-aerogel composite plate (thermal insulation layer) and a microporous calcium-silicon plate (bottom layer) double-layer design, the former reduces heat loss through ultra-low thermal conductivity, and the latter provides mechanical support and assists in thermal insulation. Combined with the electrical conductivity of the high-thermal-conductivity layer of the sidewall, the uniformity of the thermal field and the energy utilization efficiency are comprehensively improved; 3. Structural stability and sealing enhancement The mortise and tenon sliding structure ensures modular disassembly while ensuring the stability and airtightness of the connection part in a high-temperature environment through precise geometric fitting and wear-resistant coating (such as silicon nitride ceramic) design. The tight fit of the sliding connection effectively prevents electrolyte leakage and reduces the risk of material erosion due to seal failure; 4. Adaptability expansion and production sustainability Modular design allows flexible adjustment of lining component materials or thickness according to actual working conditions, such as optimizing the configuration of thermal insulation layer or permeation-resistant layer for different electrolytic cell sizes. In addition, the local replacement mode reduces the generation of waste materials, supports green production goals, and meets the low-carbon transformation needs of the electrolytic metal industry; 5. The present application solves the core problems of high maintenance cost, high heat loss, and insufficient corrosion resistance of traditional lining through innovative structural design and material layer optimization, achieving the comprehensive technical advantages of high efficiency, energy saving, long life, and flexible maintenance, and providing an effective solution for the sustainable development of the electrolytic metal industry. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0019] Figure 1 A three-dimensional schematic diagram of a new type of electrolytic cell lining structure is proposed for the present application; Figure 2 A lining frame structure schematic diagram of a new type of electrolytic cell lining structure is proposed for the present application; Figure 3A cross-sectional structure diagram of a new electrolytic cell body of an electrolytic cell lining structure is provided in the present application. Figure 4 A cross-sectional structure diagram of a new electrolytic cell body of an electrolytic cell lining structure is provided in the present application. Figure 2 An enlarged view of A in the figure. Figure 5 A cross-sectional structure diagram of a new electrolytic cell body of an electrolytic cell lining structure is provided in the present application. Figure 3 An enlarged view of B in the figure. Legend: 1, electrolytic cell body; 2, lining frame; 3, bottom plate; 4, mortise and tenon one; 5, mortise and tenon two; 6, anti-permeation layer; 7, high thermal conductivity layer; 8, transition layer; 9, thermal insulation layer; 10, bottom layer. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0020] The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present application. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present application, rather than all the embodiments. Based on the embodiments in the present application, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative labor fall within the scope of protection of the present application.

[0021] With reference to Figure 1-Figure 5 , an embodiment provided by the present application: a new electrolytic cell lining structure, comprising an electrolytic cell body 1, a mortise and tenon structure is arranged inside the electrolytic cell body 1, the mortise and tenon structure comprises a mortise and tenon one 4 and a mortise and tenon two 5, the inner wall of the mortise and tenon one 4 is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the electrolytic cell body 1 to provide a stable mounting reference surface, the outer wall of the mortise and tenon one 4 is slidably connected with a lining frame 2 to realize quick disassembly and assembly of the side wall lining, the inner wall of the mortise and tenon two 5 is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the lining frame 2 to ensure the connection strength, the outer wall of the mortise and tenon two 5 is slidably connected with a bottom plate 3 to facilitate separate replacement of damaged bottom plate 3 components, and the bottom plate 3 is slidably connected inside the lining frame 2 to form a complete sealing structure to prevent leakage of electrolyte.

[0022] With reference to Figure 1-Figure 5 , the bottom plate 3 is internally provided with a thermal insulation layer 9, the thermal insulation layer 9 is a nano aerogel composite board, which can effectively reduce heat loss and improve energy utilization efficiency, the bottom of the thermal insulation layer 9 is provided with a bottom layer 10, the bottom layer 10 is a microporous calcium-silicon board, which provides structural support and assists in thermal insulation, the lining frame 2 is internally provided with a transition layer 8, the transition layer 8 is silicon carbide refractory castable, which can buffer thermal stress and prevent structure cracking, one side of the transition layer 8 is provided with a high thermal conductivity layer 7, the high thermal conductivity layer 7 is graphitized cathode carbon block, which can significantly reduce resistance and improve conductivity, one side of the high thermal conductivity layer 7 is provided with an anti-permeation layer 6, the anti-permeation layer 6 is a composite coating, which can prevent electrolyte permeation and prolong service life.

[0023] Working principle: The mortise and tenon structure is composed of mortise and tenon one 4 and mortise and tenon two 5, wherein the inner wall of mortise and tenon one 4 is firmly connected to the inner wall of the electrolytic cell body 1, and the outer wall is connected to the inner lining frame 2 in a sliding manner, while the inner wall of mortise and tenon two 5 is fixed to the inner wall of the inner lining frame 2, and the outer wall is in sliding connection with the bottom plate 3, so that the bottom plate 3 can move flexibly inside the inner lining frame 2. This design realizes the modular assembly of the inner lining frame 2 and the electrolytic cell body 1 through the mortise and tenon structure, and enables the bottom plate 3 to be independently installed and removed, effectively solving the problem of the need for overall replacement of the traditional inner lining due to the different service lives of the bottom plate 3 and the side wall, significantly improving the flexibility and maintenance convenience of the inner lining structure. The bottom plate 3 is provided with an advanced thermal insulation layer 9 made of nanometer aerogel composite board, which has excellent heat insulation performance. The bottom layer 10 is also provided at the bottom of the thermal insulation layer 9, which is made of microporous calcium-silicon board, further enhancing the stability and thermal insulation effect of the structure. The inner lining frame 2 is provided with a transition layer 8 made of silicon carbide refractory castable, which has good high-temperature resistance and thermal shock resistance. The high-thermal-conductivity layer 7 is provided on one side of the transition layer 8, which is composed of graphitized cathode carbon blocks, significantly improving the electrical conductivity efficiency. The anti-permeation layer 6 is provided on one side of the high-thermal-conductivity layer 7, which is coated with a special composite material, effectively preventing the penetration and corrosion of electrolyte and metal liquid. Through the synergistic effect of the three-layer composite layer anti-permeation layer 6, high-thermal-conductivity layer 7, and transition layer 8 of the side wall, and the two-layer composite layer thermal insulation layer 9 and bottom layer 10 of the bottom plate 3, this structure realizes the comprehensive effect of high efficiency, strong corrosion resistance, and excellent thermal stability, not only solving the technical problems of large heat loss, easy corrosion, and short service life of traditional inner lining, but also significantly improving the energy efficiency utilization rate, corrosion resistance, and thermal field stability of the electrolytic cell.

[0024] The modular assembly method of the electrolytic cell lining of the present application comprises the following steps: S1: fixing the base of mortise and tenon one 4 on the inner wall of the electrolytic cell body 1; S2: slidingly embedding the inner lining frame 2 into the electrolytic cell body 1 through the outer wall of mortise and tenon one 4 to form an axially detachable connection; S3: fixing the base of mortise and tenon two 5 on the inner wall of the inner lining frame 2; S4: slidingly embedding the bottom plate 3 into the inner lining frame 2 through the outer wall of mortise and tenon two 5 to form an independently replaceable sealed connection; S5: spraying a silicon nitride wear-resistant coating on the mortise and tenon sliding contact surface, with a thickness of 50-100 μm.

[0025] Technical effect: The inner lining frame and the bottom plate can be independently disassembled, avoiding the need for replacement, and reducing maintenance costs.

[0026] The preparation method of the multi-layer composite structure of the inner lining of the present application comprises the following steps: M1: In the inner lining frame inner wall, layer by layer preparation of anti-permeation layer (silicon carbide composite coating), high thermal conductivity layer (graphitized cathode carbon block) and transition layer (silicon carbide refractory castable), and the interface gradient is treated to match the thermal expansion coefficient; M2: Laminating a nano-aerogel composite plate (thermal conductivity ≤0.02 W / (m·K)) on the bottom plate, and a composite microporous calcium-silicon plate (density ≥1.8 g / cm³) is laminated below, and the interface bonding strength is ≥10 MPa through a hot pressing process; M3: High-temperature sintering treatment (950-1000℃) is performed on the composite layer to eliminate internal stress and enhance the interlayer stability.

[0027] Technical effects: Through material layering and interface optimization, the corrosion resistance, electrical conductivity and thermal stability are improved.

[0028] The maintenance method comprises the following steps: R1: The damaged bottom plate is disassembled along the electrolytic cell axial direction, and the inner lining frame and the electrolytic cell body are reserved; R2: Clean the mortise and tenon contact surface and detect the wear condition, and locally apply a wear-resistant coating; R3: The new bottom plate is slidably embedded in the inner lining frame along the mortise and tenon, until the preset sealing compression force is reached; R4: Before starting the electrolytic cell, a thermal cycle test (3 times of heating to 980℃ and cooling) is performed to verify the air tightness of the connection.

[0029] Technical effects: The bottom plate can be quickly replaced, reducing downtime and material waste.

[0030] Comparative test and result analysis: The performance advantages of the novel electrolytic cell lining structure are verified by four groups of comparative tests, and the key indicators are compared with the traditional integral lining. All tests are carried out under the same working conditions (electrolysis temperature 950-980℃, same electrolyte composition, running period 6 months).

[0031] Test one: maintenance efficiency comparison

[0032] Conclusion: The modular design shortens the independent replacement time of the bottom plate to 1 / 10 of the traditional scheme, reduces the material waste by 85%, and significantly reduces the maintenance cost.

[0033] Test two: thermal efficiency and energy consumption comparison

[0034] Conclusion: The synergistic effect of the nano-aerogel composite plate and the high thermal conductivity layer reduces the heat loss by 70%, reduces the energy consumption by 20%, and improves the temperature uniformity by 68%.

[0035] Test three: Anti-erosion performance comparison

[0036] Conclusion: The anti-permeability and anti-erosion performance of the composite coating and microporous calcium-silicon plate prolongs the service life of the lining to twice that of the traditional solution, and reduces the penetration depth by 80%.

[0037] Test four: Comparison of structural stability and sealing performance

[0038] Conclusion: The mortise and tenon structure combined with the wear-resistant coating reduces the leakage rate to below 1%, reduces the wear and tear by 85%, and reduces the maintenance frequency by 75%.

[0039] Overall conclusion: The present application significantly outperforms the traditional lining in terms of maintenance efficiency, thermal efficiency, anti-erosion performance, and structural stability through modular design, material layer optimization, and wear-resistant coating technology. The specific performance is as follows: Maintenance cost is reduced by 85%, and downtime is reduced by 90%; Energy consumption is reduced by 20%, and heat loss rate is reduced by 70%; Anti-permeability performance is improved by 4-6 times, and service life is extended to 5-6 years; Leakage rate tends to zero, and maintenance cycle is extended by 3 times.

[0040] The above data verifies the breakthrough technological progress of the present application in the field of electrolytic cell lining, providing a reliable solution for cost reduction and sustainable development in the industry.

[0041] Finally, it should be noted that the above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present application and is not intended to limit the present application. Although the present application has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art can still modify the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments or make equivalent substitutions for some technical features, as long as they are within the spirit and principles of the present application. Any modification, equivalent substitution, improvement, etc. made within the scope of the present application should be included in the protection scope of the present application.

Claims

1. A novel electrolytic cell lining structure, comprising an electrolytic cell body (1), characterized in that: A mortise and tenon structure is provided inside the electrolytic cell body (1), and the mortise and tenon structure includes a first mortise and tenon (4) and a second mortise and tenon (5). The inner wall of the first mortise and tenon (4) is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the electrolytic cell body (1), and the outer wall of the first mortise and tenon (4) is slidably connected to the inner lining frame (2). The inner wall of the second mortise and tenon (5) is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the inner lining frame (2), and the outer wall of the second mortise and tenon (5) is slidably connected to the bottom plate (3), and the bottom plate (3) is slidably connected to the inside of the inner lining frame (2).

2. The novel electrolytic cell lining structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: A thermal insulation layer (9) is provided inside the bottom plate (3), and the thermal insulation layer (9) is a nano-aerogel composite plate.

3. The novel electrolytic cell lining structure according to claim 2, characterized in that: A bottom layer (10) is provided at the bottom of the thermal insulation layer (9), and the bottom layer (10) is a microporous calcium silicon plate.

4. The novel electrolytic cell lining structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: A transition layer (8) is provided inside the inner lining frame (2), and the transition layer (8) is a silicon carbide refractory castable; the transition layer (8) is provided between the inner wall of the inner lining frame (2) and the high thermal conductivity layer (7) to buffer thermal stress.

5. The novel electrolytic cell lining structure according to claim 4 is characterized in that: A high thermal conductivity layer (7) is provided on one side of the transition layer (8), and the high thermal conductivity layer (7) is a graphitized cathode carbon block.

6. The novel electrolytic cell lining structure according to claim 5, characterized in that: An anti-permeation layer (6) is provided on one side of the high thermal conductivity layer (7), and the anti-permeation layer (6) is a composite material coating.

7. The novel electrolytic cell lining structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: The first mortise and tenon (4) is a T-shaped protrusion, and the second mortise and tenon (5) is a matching groove, and the two realize modular connection between the lining frame (2) and the electrolytic cell body (1), and the bottom plate (3) and the lining frame (2) through axial sliding.

8. The novel electrolytic cell lining structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: The assembly method includes the following steps: S1: Fixing a mortise and tenon (4) base on the inner wall of the electrolytic cell body (1); S2: Sliding the inner lining frame (2) into the outer wall of the electrolytic cell body (1) through the mortise and tenon joint (4) to form an axially detachable connection; S3: Fix the second mortise and tenon (5) base on the inner wall of the lining frame (2); S4: Sliding the bottom plate (3) into the inner lining frame (2) through the outer wall of the second mortise and tenon joint (5) to form an independent and replaceable sealing connection; S5: Spray a silicon nitride wear-resistant coating on the sliding contact surface of the mortise and tenon with a thickness of 50-100μm.

Images