Safety type smoke exhaust fire damper

Abstract

The present application relates to the technical field of fire damper, in particular to a safe smoke exhaust fire damper, which comprises a valve body, an actuator and a fire blocking valve plate arranged in the valve body, the actuator is drivingly connected to a driven assembly for controlling the opening and closing of the fire blocking valve plate, and the valve body is provided with an isolation seat at one end; a plurality of guide vanes driven by cylindrical cams are arranged in the isolation seat, the guide vanes are synchronously folded inward to form a tapered flue when the fire blocking valve plate is closed, the height difference of the wheel grooves of the plurality of cylindrical cams is designed to make the three guide vanes produce progressive displacement and form a gradually decreasing included angle with the valve plate, so as to gradually disperse the high-speed smoke impact force; the locking bolt using magnetic adsorption cooperates with the second rack wedge-shaped bite to forcibly fix the folded state of the guide vanes to resist external disturbance; the toggle assembly with a circular arc surface clamping block is arranged, and the first push bar is triggered to release the magnetic lock and then drive the guide vanes to unfold in the moving sequence, so as to realize the pure mechanical linkage self-resetting.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of fire damper technology, specifically a safety-type smoke exhaust fire damper. Background Technology

[0002] Smoke dampers, as key components of building fire protection systems, are primarily used to block the spread of smoke during a fire. Traditional fire dampers typically employ a structure where a temperature-sensitive element triggers the valve plate to close. However, this design has significant drawbacks in practical applications: when high-temperature smoke flows through the valve at high speed, the valve plate experiences a direct impact from the smoke upon closure, generating severe turbulence and impact force. This instantaneous high pressure can easily lead to valve plate deformation, fatigue fracture, or sealing failure, not only reducing the valve's service life but also potentially causing it to lose its smoke-blocking function due to structural damage in emergency fire scenarios, threatening the safety of personnel evacuation.

[0003] While existing technologies attempt to mitigate impacts by reinforcing valve plates or adding buffer structures, this often leads to increased complexity: for example, external hydraulic buffer devices require additional maintenance, and multi-stage linkage mechanisms suffer from response delays. Furthermore, traditional valves rely on manual or independent drive units for reset, resulting in low operational efficiency and a high failure rate, making it difficult to meet the rapid self-recovery requirements of modern building fire protection systems.

[0004] Therefore, there is an urgent need for a fire valve solution that can maintain the stability of the valve plate structure under the impact of high-temperature flue gas, achieve efficient self-reset, and does not require a complex external buffer device. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The purpose of this invention is to provide a safe smoke exhaust fire damper to solve the problems mentioned in the background art.

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solution: a safety-type smoke exhaust fire damper, comprising a valve body, an actuator, and a fire-blocking valve plate, wherein the fire-blocking valve plate is rotatably mounted on the valve body via a valve stem, and the valve body is provided with a driven component driven by the actuator; an isolation seat is detachably connected to the end of the valve body away from the fire-blocking valve plate.

[0007] The isolation seat is provided with multiple sets of guide plates distributed along the flue gas direction. The two ends of the guide plates are slidably connected to the Z-axis limiting groove and X-axis limiting groove of the isolation seat through the deflection shaft and the reference shaft, respectively.

[0008] The push component includes:

[0009] The first push bar is driven by the driven component;

[0010] Translation seat with inclined groove;

[0011] The second rack of the translation seat linkage;

[0012] The second rack engages with multiple sets of conversion gears, each of which is coaxially connected to a cylindrical cam.

[0013] The cylindrical pin that moves within the groove of the cylindrical cam wheel is fixedly connected to the reference shaft of the corresponding guide plate;

[0014] The positioning assembly includes a rotating shaft, a locking bolt hinged in the middle, and a stop block. One end of the locking bolt magnetically attracts the stop block, and the other end can be engaged with the wedge-shaped bite of the second rack.

[0015] The toggle assembly includes:

[0016] The first push bar triggers the block;

[0017] The second push bar for card block linkage;

[0018] The third rack is fixed to the second push bar;

[0019] A spur gear that meshes with a third rack and is fixed to a rotating shaft;

[0020] When the fire damper is closed, the first push bar disengages from the translation seat, and the second rack drives the conversion wheel to make the cylindrical cam move the guide plate to close and form a gradually narrowing flue, and the locking bolt engages with the wedge-shaped bite. When the fire damper is opened, the first push bar first pushes the locking block, and the spur gear drives the rotating shaft to make the locking bolt disengage from the wedge-shaped bite, and the guide plate is reset and unfolded with the second rack.

[0021] Preferably, the guide plate includes a first guide plate, a second guide plate, and a third guide plate distributed along the flue gas flow direction, with each group of guide plates symmetrically arranged on both sides of the valve body;

[0022] The cylindrical cam includes a first cylindrical cam, a second cylindrical cam, and a third cylindrical cam. Each cylindrical cam has the same number of grooves but an increasing height, so that the angle formed between the guide plate and the fire baffle plate decreases sequentially when the guide plate closes.

[0023] Preferably, a sliding sleeve is provided between the deflection shaft and the Z-axis limiting groove, and between the reference shaft and the X-axis limiting groove;

[0024] The sliding sleeve slides within the corresponding limiting groove to reduce the frictional resistance when the guide plate deflects.

[0025] Preferably, a magnet is embedded in the contact surface between the locking bolt and the stop block;

[0026] The magnetic attraction ensures that the locking bolt stably abuts against the stop block when there is no external force, maintaining the second rack in a locked state.

[0027] Preferably, the side of the card block away from the translation seat is set as an arc surface;

[0028] When the first push bar moves, its arc surface is squeezed first to trigger the action of the toggle component, thereby realizing the early unlocking of the positioning component.

[0029] Preferably, the pushing component further includes a vertical block connected to the second rack and a first spring sleeved on the vertical block;

[0030] When the first push bar disengages from the translation seat, the elastic force of the first spring drives the vertical block to move the second rack horizontally, thereby pushing the guide plate to close.

[0031] Preferably, each cylindrical pin is welded and fixed to the upper end of the reference shaft of the corresponding guide plate;

[0032] The rotational motion is converted into linear motion of the guide plate reference axis by the displacement of the cylindrical pin in the groove of the cylindrical cam wheel.

[0033] Preferably, the conversion wheel is provided in three sets and meshes with the second rack simultaneously;

[0034] When the second rack moves horizontally, it can simultaneously drive the three sets of conversion wheels to rotate, ensuring the consistency of the actions of multiple sets of guide plates.

[0035] Preferably, the driven component includes a central shaft driven by the actuator, a sun gear and a concentric gear coaxially fixed to the central shaft, and two sets of planetary gears symmetrically meshing with the sun gear;

[0036] The planetary gear is coaxially fixed to the upper end of the valve stem, and the concentric gear is meshed with the first rack. The first rack is fixed to the first push bar.

[0037] Preferably, when the fire damper plate is opened, the first push bar pushes the translation seat to move and compresses the first spring;

[0038] The translation seat drives the second rack to move in the opposite direction, and through the conversion wheel and the cylindrical cam, it drives each guide plate to unfold and reset synchronously.

[0039] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are:

[0040] 1. Stepped flow guidance and buffering reduce the risk of valve plate damage.

[0041] By setting multiple sets of guide plates that close inward synchronously with the closing of the fire damper, a flue structure with a gradually narrowing diameter is formed. This allows high-speed flue gas to be buffered by multiple stages of flow guidance, significantly reducing the turbulence and impact force that directly impacts the valve plate. This effectively avoids the deformation or fatigue fracture problem of valve plates caused by instantaneous high pressure in traditional fire dampers, greatly improving the service life of the valve plate and the sealing reliability.

[0042] 2. The linkage locking mechanism ensures the stability of the guide plate position.

[0043] The positioning assembly, consisting of a rotating shaft, a locking bolt, and a stop block, uses magnetic attraction to engage the locking bolt with the wedge-shaped bite of the second rack, forcibly locking the guide plate into a closed state. Even if the system is subjected to external vibration or airflow disturbance, the tapered flue structure formed by the guide plate can remain stable, preventing flow failure due to accidental displacement and enhancing anti-interference and safety in fire scenarios.

[0044] 3. Mechanical linkage enables automatic reset and unlocking.

[0045] The actuation assembly, consisting of a locking block, a second push bar, a third rack, and a spur gear, uses the displacement of the first push bar to trigger unlocking: after the arc surface of the locking block is squeezed, the rotating shaft is driven by the third rack and the spur gear to disengage from the locking bolt; this process requires no additional power and relies entirely on the mechanical linkage of the valve plate opening, so that the guide plate unfolds and resets synchronously with the fire-blocking valve plate, ensuring that the system quickly returns to the standby state, with efficient operation and low failure rate.

[0046] 4. Integrated structural optimization, maintenance, and response efficiency.

[0047] The driven assembly, consisting of planetary gears and a sun gear, along with the pushing assembly, is driven at a single point by the actuator to achieve synchronous control of the opening and closing of the fire damper plate and the deployment / closure of the guide plate. The mechanical transmission chain is highly integrated inside the valve body, reducing reliance on external actuators, which not only reduces maintenance complexity but also shortens the overall response time after the temperature sensing element is triggered, thus improving fire emergency response efficiency. Attached Figure Description

[0048] Figure 1 This is a three-dimensional schematic diagram of the smoke exhaust fire damper in its closed state.

[0049] Figure 2 This is a three-dimensional schematic diagram of the smoke exhaust fire damper in its closed state from another perspective.

[0050] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram showing the smoke exhaust fire damper in the open state.

[0051] Figure 4 This is a three-dimensional schematic diagram of the valve body in its open state.

[0052] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram showing the connection of the fire damper plate, driven assembly, push assembly, and each guide plate.

[0053] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram showing the connection of the fire damper plate, the driven component, and the pushing component.

[0054] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram showing the connection between the slave component and the push component.

[0055] Figure 8 This is a partial structural diagram of the driven component and the push component.

[0056] Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram showing the connection between the push component and each guide plate.

[0057] Figure 10 This is an exploded view of the push component and each guide piece.

[0058] Figure 11 This is a schematic diagram of the pusher component, the driven component, and each cylindrical cam.

[0059] In the diagram: 1. Valve body; 2. Actuator; 3. Flame-stop valve plate; 4. Valve stem; 5. Isolation seat; 501. Z-axis limiting groove; 502. X-axis limiting groove; 6. Guide plate 1; 7. Guide plate 2; 8. Guide plate 3; 9. Planetary gear; 10. Sun gear; 11. Central shaft; 12. Concentric wheel; 13. First rack; 14. First push bar; 15. Translation seat; 16. Inclined groove; 17. Second rack; 18. Vertical block; 19. 20. First spring; 21. Conversion wheel; 22. First conversion shaft; 23. First cylindrical cam; 24. Second conversion shaft; 25. Third conversion shaft; 26. Third cylindrical cam; 27. Cylindrical pin; 28. Sliding sleeve; 29. ​​Deflection shaft; 30. Reference shaft; 31. Locking block; 32. Second push bar; 33. Third rack; 34. Spur gear; 35. Rotating shaft; 36. Locking bolt; 37. Stop block. Detailed Implementation

[0060] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0061] Please see Figures 1 to 11The present invention provides a technical solution: a safe smoke exhaust fire damper, including a valve body 1, an actuator 2, and a fire-blocking valve plate 3 disposed inside the valve body 1. The actuator 2 is disposed on the upper end face of the valve body 1. The fire-blocking valve plate 3 is provided with two sets, each of which is rotatably mounted on the valve body 1 by a set of valve rods 4. The valve body 1 is provided with a driven component for driving the fire-blocking valve plate 3, and the driven component is driven by the actuator 2. An isolation seat 5 is detachably fixedly connected to one end of the valve body 1 away from the fire-blocking valve plate 3. Further, a frame-shaped outer edge is provided at the connection end between the valve body 1 and the isolation seat 5, and the frame-shaped outer edge is fixedly sleeved on the isolation seat 5 by screws. Inside the isolation seat 5, from left to right, are arranged a first guide plate 6, a second guide plate 7, and a third guide plate 8. One end of each of the three guide plates is fixedly connected to a deflection shaft 29, and the other end is fixedly welded to a reference shaft 30. Z-axis limiting grooves 501 and X-axis limiting grooves 502 are provided on both the upper and lower sides of the inner cavity of the isolation seat 5. The Z-axis limiting groove 501 and the X-axis limiting groove 502 are perpendicular to each other. The deflection shaft 29 is inserted into the Z-axis limiting groove 501, and the reference shaft 30 is inserted into the X-axis limiting groove 502. Furthermore, the contact portions between the deflection shaft 29 and the Z-axis limiting groove 501, and the contact portions between the reference shaft 30 and the X-axis limiting groove 502, are all fitted with sliding sleeves 28 for rotatable limitation. The sliding sleeves 28 are sequentially and slidably installed within the Z-axis limiting groove 501 and the X-axis limiting groove 502.

[0062] like Figure 1-4 As shown, guide vanes 6, 7, and 8 are each provided in two sets, symmetrically arranged within the valve body 1. A pushing assembly is provided on the inner side of the top wall of the isolation seat 5 to drive guide vanes 6, 7, and 8 in synchronous deflection. This pushing assembly is driven by a driven assembly. When the fire damper 3 closes the valve body 1, the three pairs of guide vanes gradually close inwards, guiding the hot smoke. Compared to traditional fire dampers where high-speed smoke directly impacts the damper, generating severe turbulence and impact force, this design significantly reduces the impact force on the damper, greatly reducing the risk of deformation and fatigue fracture. When the fire damper 3 opens the valve body 1, the three pairs of guide vanes gradually unfold to both sides, ensuring normal smoke flow.

[0063] like Figure 5-7As shown, the driven component includes planetary gears 9, a sun gear 10, and a central shaft 11. The central shaft 11 is rotatably mounted inside the valve body 1 via bearings and is driven by the actuator 2 to rotate in both directions. Concentric gears 12 and the sun gear 10 are coaxially welded to the central shaft 11 from top to bottom. Two sets of planetary gears 9 are symmetrically meshed on the sun gear 10. The upper end of the valve stem 4 extends into the top of the valve body 1 and is coaxially welded with the planetary gears 9. In use, when the temperature inside the valve body 1 reaches the melting temperature of the temperature sensing element, the actuator 2 immediately takes action, driving the central shaft 11 to rotate clockwise. The central shaft 11 acts on the sun gear 10, causing the sun gear 10 to drive the two sets of planetary gears 9 to rotate 90° counterclockwise synchronously. At this time, the two sets of fire-stopping valve plates 3 overlap each other, sealing and closing the valve body 1.

[0064] like Figure 5 , Figure 6-11 As shown, the concentric wheel 12 is meshed with a first rack 13. The first rack 13 is slidably mounted inside the valve body 1 and fixedly connected to a first push bar 14. The first push bar 14 acts on the pushing assembly, which includes a translation seat 15, a second rack 17, a vertical block 18, and a first spring 19. The second rack 17 is slidably mounted inside the isolation seat 5. One end of the second rack 17 is welded to and fixed to the vertical block 18, and the other end of the second rack 17 is welded to and fixed to the translation seat 15. The vertical block 18 is close to the translation seat 15. One end of the shift seat 15 is fixedly provided with a first spring 19. The end of the shift seat 15 away from the second rack 17 passes through the isolation seat 5 and is inserted into the valve body 1. The outer wall of the valve body 1 is provided with a first rectangular groove to accommodate the shift seat 15 on the side close to the isolation seat 5. The shift seat 15 is provided with a sloping groove 16 to accommodate the first push bar 14. When the first push bar 14 moves back and forth, it can squeeze the sloping groove 16, causing the shift seat 15 to move and thus push the second rack 17 to move horizontally.

[0065] Furthermore, the pushing component also includes a first conversion shaft 21, a first cylindrical cam 22, a second conversion shaft 23, a second cylindrical cam 24, a third conversion shaft 25, and a third cylindrical cam 26. The first, second, and third conversion shafts 21, 23, and 25 are all rotatably mounted on the isolation seat 5 via bearings, and each is coaxially welded with a set of conversion wheels 20. The conversion wheels 20 mesh with the second rack 17. The first cylindrical cam 22 is fixedly sleeved on the outside of the first conversion shaft 21, the second cylindrical cam 24 is fixedly sleeved on the outside of the second conversion shaft 23, and the third cylindrical cam 26 is fixedly sleeved on the outside of the third conversion shaft 25. Cylindrical pins 27 are movably inserted into the grooves of the second cylindrical cam 24 and the third cylindrical cam 26. The cylindrical pin 27 in the first cylindrical cam 22 is welded and fixed to the upper end of the reference shaft 30 on the first guide plate 6; the cylindrical pin 27 in the second cylindrical cam 24 is welded and fixed to the upper end of the reference shaft 30 on the second guide plate 7; the cylindrical pin 27 in the third cylindrical cam 26 is welded and fixed to the upper end of the reference shaft 30 on the third guide plate 8; in order to facilitate the smooth sliding of the deflection shaft 29 in the Z-axis limiting groove 501 and the reference shaft 30 in the X-axis limiting groove 502, a sliding sleeve 28 is externally limited and rotated at the contact end between the deflection shaft 29 and the reference shaft 30 and the limiting groove.

[0066] Specifically, when the second rack 17 moves horizontally, it simultaneously acts on multiple conversion wheels 20, causing them to rotate synchronously. These conversion wheels 20 then sequentially act on the first conversion shaft 21, the second conversion shaft 23, and the third conversion shaft 25, causing the first cylindrical cam 22, the second cylindrical cam 24, and the third cylindrical cam 26 to rotate synchronously. The three sets of cylindrical cams sequentially act on the cylindrical pins 27 connected to different guide plates, causing multiple sets of deflection shafts 29 to move linearly in the forward and backward directions. When the deflection shaft 29 is displaced along the Z-axis limiting groove 501, the reference shaft 30 also moves along the X-axis limiting groove 502, thereby enabling multiple sets of guide plates to adaptively expand and close in sync with the opening and closing of the fire damper plate 3.

[0067] like Figure 11 As shown, in order to form a flue with a gradually decreasing diameter when the first guide plate 6, the second guide plate 7, and the third guide plate 8 are closed, the number of wheel grooves of the first cylindrical cam 22, the second cylindrical cam 24, and the third cylindrical cam 26 are set to be the same, while the height increases exponentially. In this way, when multiple cylindrical cams rotate the same number of times, the displacement of the cylindrical pin 27 on them also increases exponentially, thereby making the included angles formed by the first guide plate 6, the second guide plate 7, and the third guide plate 8 and the fire damper plate 3 decrease sequentially.

[0068] like Figure 7 as well as Figure 8As shown, in order to prevent the second rack 17 from moving in the opposite direction and causing the included angle of each guide plate to change, a positioning component that locks the second rack 17 is provided on the isolation seat 5. The positioning component includes a rotating shaft 35, a locking bolt 36, and a stop block 37. The middle part of the locking bolt 36 is rotatably mounted in the isolation seat 5 by the rotating shaft 35. The stop block 37 is fixedly mounted in the isolation seat 5 by screws. A wedge-shaped bite is provided on the side of the second rack 17 near the stop block 37. One end of the locking bolt 36 abuts against the stop block 37, and the other end of the locking bolt 36 is engaged in the wedge-shaped bite. Magnet blocks are provided on the contact surfaces of the locking bolt 36 and the stop block 37, so that the locking bolt 36 and the stop block 37 can make stable contact without external interference. When the first push bar 14 releases the pressure on the translation seat 15, the rotating shaft 35, the locking bolt 36 and the stop block 37 work together to make the upright block 18 drive the second rack 17 to move only away from the translation seat 15 under the elastic force of the first spring 19, and it will not move in the opposite direction.

[0069] like Figure 8 as well as Figure 10 As shown, in order to facilitate the restoration of each guide plate to its original open state, a toggle assembly for unlocking the positioning component is also provided in the isolation seat 5. The toggle assembly includes a locking block 31, a second push bar 32, a third rack 33, and a spur gear 34. The second push bar 32 is slidably installed in the isolation seat 5 and fixedly connected to the locking block 31. The spur gear 34 is fixedly sleeved on the rotating shaft 35 and meshes with the third rack 33. The third rack 33 is welded and fixed to the third push bar. A second rectangular groove for accommodating the locking block 31 is provided on the side wall of the valve body 1. A bite groove for accommodating the locking block 31 is provided on the side of the first push bar 14 near the second push bar 32. The side of the locking block 31 away from the translation seat 15 is set in an arc shape. When the first push bar 14 moves toward the translation seat 15, it first presses against the arc surface of the locking block 31 and then enters the inclined groove 16. This arrangement causes the locking block 31 to move before the translation seat 15 and push the second push bar 32 toward the stop block 37. The second push bar 32 acts on the spur gear 34 through the third rack 33, causing the rotating shaft 35 to drive the locking bolt 36 to rotate clockwise and pull it out from the wedge-shaped bite of the second rack 17, thereby releasing the locking effect on the second rack 17. This allows the second rack 17 to be normally driven by the translation seat 15 to move toward the central shaft 11. The second rack 17 then acts on the conversion wheel, causing each conversion shaft to drive each cylindrical cam to rotate synchronously in sequence, thereby pushing the cylindrical pin 27 and the deflection shaft 29 to move back and forth, thus achieving the purpose of each guide plate unfolding to both sides.

[0070] In use, when hot smoke from a fire enters the valve body 1, if the temperature reaches the melting threshold of the temperature sensing element, the actuator 2 immediately activates, driving the central shaft 11 to rotate clockwise. The central shaft 11 drives the sun gear 10 to rotate, forcing the two sets of planetary gears 9 to rotate 90° counterclockwise simultaneously. This causes the valve stem 4 to pull the two sets of fire-blocking valve plates 3 to close, thus sealing the flue. At the same time, the concentric wheel 12 on the central shaft 11 engages with the first rack 13 and moves away from the translation seat 15, pulling the first push bar 14 out of the inclined groove 16 of the translation seat 15. This releases the pressure on the translation seat 15 from left and right. At this time, under the elastic force of the first spring 19, the vertical block 18 drives the second rack 17 to move horizontally. The second rack 17 drives multiple conversion wheels 20 to rotate synchronously, which in turn causes the first, second, and third conversion shafts 25 to drive the first, second, and third cylindrical cams 26 to rotate respectively. The grooves of each cylindrical cam push the reference shaft 30 of the corresponding guide plate (guide plate 6, guide plate 7, and guide plate 8) to slide along the X-axis limiting groove 502 through the cylindrical pin 27. At the same time, the deflection shaft 29 moves along the Z-axis limiting groove 501, causing the three sets of guide plates to close inward. Due to the increasing groove height of the three cylindrical cams, at the same rotation angle, the third guide plate 8 has the largest displacement, followed by the second, and the first has the smallest displacement. This causes the angle between the guide plate and the fire damper plate 3 to decrease sequentially, ultimately forming a gradually narrowing flue, achieving a stepped buffering and guiding of high-speed flue gas. During this process, the locking bolt 36 of the positioning component is engaged in the wedge-shaped bite of the second rack 17 under the action of magnetic force, locking the position of the guide plate; when reset is required, the first push bar 14 first contacts the arc surface of the locking block 31 during movement, pushing the second push bar 32 to drive the rotating shaft 35 through the third rack 33 and the spur gear 34, releasing the constraint of the locking bolt 36 on the second rack 17, and the first spring 19 pulls the second rack 17 to move in the opposite direction, and each guide plate unfolds and resets accordingly.

[0071] Although embodiments of the invention have been shown and described, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made to these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, the scope of which is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A safety-type smoke exhaust fire damper, comprising a valve body, an actuator, and a fire-blocking damper plate, wherein the fire-blocking damper plate is rotatably mounted on the valve body via a valve stem, and the valve body is provided with a driven component driven by the actuator; an isolation seat is detachably connected to the end of the valve body away from the fire-blocking damper plate; characterized in that: The isolation seat is provided with multiple sets of guide plates distributed along the flue gas direction. The two ends of the guide plates are slidably connected to the Z-axis limiting groove and X-axis limiting groove of the isolation seat through a deflection shaft and a reference shaft, respectively. It also includes a pushing component, a positioning component and a toggle component. The push component includes: The first push bar driven by the driven component; A translation seat with a sloping groove, the sloping groove being able to accommodate the first push bar; The second rack is fixed to the translation seat; when the first push bar moves back and forth, it can squeeze the inclined groove, causing the translation seat to move and thus pushing the second rack to move horizontally; Multiple sets of conversion gears mesh with the second rack, and each conversion gear is coaxially connected to a cylindrical cam; A cylindrical pin is movably inserted into the groove of the cylindrical cam wheel, and the cylindrical pin is fixedly connected to the reference shaft of the corresponding guide plate. The positioning assembly includes a rotating shaft, a locking bolt, and a stop block. The middle part of the locking bolt is rotatably mounted in the isolation seat by the rotating shaft, and the stop block is fixedly set in the isolation seat. One end of the locking bolt magnetically attracts the stop block, and the other end can be engaged with the wedge-shaped bite of the second rack. The toggle assembly includes: The block is triggered by the first push bar; The second push bar is fixed to the card block; The third rack is fixed to the second push bar; A spur gear that meshes with a third rack and is fixed to a rotating shaft; When the fire damper is closed, the first push bar disengages from the translation seat, and the second rack drives the conversion wheel to make the cylindrical cam move the guide plate to close and form a gradually narrowing flue, and the locking bolt engages with the wedge-shaped bite. When the fire damper is opened, the first push bar first pushes the locking block, and the spur gear drives the rotating shaft to make the locking bolt disengage from the wedge-shaped bite, and the guide plate is reset and unfolded with the second rack.

2. The safety-type smoke exhaust fire damper according to claim 1, characterized in that: The guide plate includes a first guide plate, a second guide plate, and a third guide plate distributed along the flue gas flow direction, with each group of guide plates symmetrically arranged on both sides of the isolation seat; The cylindrical cam includes a first cylindrical cam, a second cylindrical cam, and a third cylindrical cam. Each cylindrical cam has the same number of grooves but an increasing height, so that the angle formed between the guide plate and the fire baffle plate decreases sequentially when the guide plate closes.

3. The safety-type smoke exhaust fire damper according to claim 1, characterized in that: Sliding sleeves are provided between the deflection shaft and the Z-axis limiting groove, and between the reference shaft and the X-axis limiting groove; The sliding sleeve slides within the corresponding limiting groove to reduce the frictional resistance when the guide plate deflects.

4. The safety-type smoke exhaust fire damper according to claim 1, characterized in that: A magnet is embedded in the contact surface between the locking bolt and the stop block; The magnetic attraction ensures that the locking bolt stably abuts against the stop block when there is no external force, maintaining the second rack in a locked state.

5. A safety-type smoke exhaust fire damper according to claim 1, characterized in that: The side of the card block furthest from the translation seat is set as an arc surface; When the first push bar moves, the arc surface is squeezed first to trigger the action of the toggle component, thereby realizing the early unlocking of the positioning component.

6. A safety-type smoke exhaust fire damper according to claim 1, characterized in that: The pushing component also includes a vertical block connected to the second rack and a first spring fixed to the vertical block; When the first push bar disengages from the translation seat, the elastic force of the first spring drives the vertical block to move the second rack horizontally, thereby pushing the guide plate to close.

7. A safety-type smoke exhaust fire damper according to claim 1, characterized in that: Each cylindrical pin is welded and fixed to the upper end of the reference shaft of the corresponding guide plate; The rotational motion is converted into linear motion of the guide plate reference axis by the displacement of the cylindrical pin in the groove of the cylindrical cam wheel.

8. A safety-type smoke exhaust fire damper according to claim 1, characterized in that: The conversion wheel is provided in three sets and meshes with the second rack simultaneously; When the second rack moves horizontally, it can synchronously drive the three sets of conversion wheels to rotate, ensuring the consistency of the actions of multiple sets of guide plates.

9. A safety-type smoke exhaust fire damper according to claim 1, characterized in that: The driven component includes a central shaft driven by the actuator, a sun gear and a concentric gear coaxially fixed to the central shaft, and two sets of planetary gears symmetrically meshing with the sun gear; The planetary gear is coaxially fixed to the upper end of the valve stem, and the concentric gear is meshed with the first rack. The first rack is fixed to the first push bar.

10. A safety-type smoke exhaust fire damper according to claim 6, characterized in that: When the fire damper plate is opened, the first push bar pushes the translation seat to move and compresses the first spring; The translation seat drives the second rack to move in the opposite direction, and through the conversion wheel and the cylindrical cam, it drives each guide plate to unfold and reset synchronously.

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